DETAILED LESSON PLAN in PHYSICAL SCIENCES

I.OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, the students are expected to:
K: Relate DNA replication to its complementary structure.
S: Explain the process of DNA replication.
A: Appreciate the application of appropriate planning
tools and techniques
II. TOPIC : Planning techniques, tools and their applications
Reference : Department of Education, Philippines. Senior High School Self Learning Kit
for Organization and Management.

Materials : 3D visual aids, laptop, worksheets.

Strategies Used : integrating, facilitating and inferring
Values Integration : Incorporating ethical values like transparency, equity, and
sustainability into planning techniques ensures responsible
decision-making and long-term organizational resilience.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

Preliminary Activities:

Prayer
Everybody stand and let us pray.
Jemimah, please lead the prayer.
Classmates, let us pray. In the name of the father
and of the son and of the holy spirit. Our Father,
Who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy Name. Thy
Kingdom come, Thy Will be done, On earth as it
is in Heaven. Give us this day, our daily bread,
And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive
those who trespass against us. And lead us not
into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.

Students: Good Morning and Mabuhay! Ma’am

Good Morning, Class! Minguita, Good morning classmates.

(the students arrange their chairs and pick up dirt

Fixing of the Virtual Classroom on the floor)
Please arrange your chairs and pick up the
pieces of dirt on the floor.
Students: Thank you, Ma’am.

Okay that’s enough, you may now sit.

Checking of the Attendance

Let’s check your attendance. Leaders of the
Benders, kindly check your members if
there are absents.
Ma. Licka: All are present Ma’am
 Okay, Airbenders?
Jerome: All are here Ma’am.
Good, how about the Fire benders?
Jenepe; No one is absent Ma’am
Nice, Earthbenders?
Nealyn: No absent Ma’am.
Lastly, Waterbenders

Wow, all are present.

Review of the Lesson

Okay, before we proceed to our new lesson lets
have first a quick review with our previous
topic.

Last meeting, we discussed about DNA and RNA.

Now, what is DNA again?

Students: It’s DEOXYRIBONUCLIEC ACID
Ma’am!

Very good, how about RNA? Students: RIBONUCLIEC ACID Ma’am.

That’s right. And what is the structure of DNA?

Students: Double helix Ma’am.
Correct! DNA has four nucleotide those are,
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine.

Adenine bonds with?

Students: Thymine Ma’am!
That’s right. How about Guanine. What
nucleotide bonds with Guanine?

So, when we say that DNA strands are Anti- Students: Cytosine Ma’am!
parallel. What do you mean by that?
Yes, Jerrylyn? (Jerrylyn raise her hand)
Jerrylyn; this means they run in opposite
That’s right! So, from left to right, one of the direction ma’am.
strands run in the five to three direction.

And the other one goes in the three to five direction Students: Yes, we’re ready!
from left to right.
Students: Yes, we’re ready!

Its nice to know that you familiarize and

understand our topic yesterday well. So, much for
that, today, we have new lesson.
Are you ready to listen?
Again, louder!

Development of the Lesson

Motivation
But before that, let me ask you a question.
When you hear the word REPLICATION, what
comes into your mind? What do you know about
replication?

I have here a pentel pen, using a semantic map.

Write terms/phrases that have something to do

about replication. Now, who wants to start? Yes,

Bryan?
Bryan: I want to try Ma’am. (Bryan write the
word COPY)
Thank you, Bryan. Next?
(Jenepe, Nealyn, Jerome, raises their hands)

Alright, let’s have first Jenepe, next is Nealyn and

Jerome. (Jenepe write the word PROCESS, Nealyn
DUPLICATE, while Jerome write
DUPLICATE)

Thank you, students. Now, using the given words

in the diagram try to describe what is replication. (Maria Licka raise her hand)
Yes, Maria Licka?
Maria Licka: I think replication is the process of
making copies Ma’am.

That’s right, Maria Licka! When DNA replicates,

two identical copies of DNA molecules are
produced, which are exactly the same as the
original.

Okay now, let’s play a Game called “4 Pics 1

word” are you familiar with this game?
Good, I will present to you four pictures and you’re
going to guess what specific words fits with the Students: Yes, Ma’am!
photos presented. You should raise your hand first
before answering, okay? I will give you 5 seconds
to answer. Is that clear?

Let’s start.

Students: Very clear Ma’am.

Yes, John Carl you are recognize.

(John Carl raise his hand first)

Correct! Very Good John Carl. Next photo,
John Carl: I think its DNA Ma’am.

Go,
ahead Christian.
(Christian raise his hand)
Excellent! Christian. Let’s give them a BAGTIK
clap. Christian: I guess its REPLICATE Ma’am.

Okay, what do you think is the idea behind the (Students do the BAGTIK clap)
pictures I flashed earlier?
Yes, Rey-Nel?
(Rey-Nel raise his hand)

Rey-Nel: The idea behind the pictures that you

have flashed earlier Ma’am is related to our
 topic which is DNA REPLICATION.
Absolutely! Thank you Rey-Nel. This Afternoon
we will explore hoe DNA replicates. Are you
familiar with the topic?
Students: Familiar Ma’am.
That’s good to hear, so let’s refresh your
knowledge then. After hearing the topic what do
you feel in this lesson? Yes, Glenjie?
Glenjie: the topic seem interesting Ma’am, I feel
curious about what is the process of DNA
replication.

Good to hear that Glenjie, later we will feed that

curiosity of yours.

Okay. For you to fully understand our discussion,

kindly read the objectives of our lesson. Students: Objectives: 1. Describe DNA
Replication. 2. Identify the key players in DNA
replication. 3. Explain the process of DNA
Replication.
Thank you, so are the objectives clear?
Students: Very clear Ma’am!
Alright. Now Since you said you’re familiar with
the topic. We will explore the lesson through an
activity. In this activity, there will be two groups:
Boy Group and Girl Group. On my left will be the
girl group and, on my right, will be the boy group.
Can you do it quietly?
Students: Yes, Ma’am.
Presentation of the Lesson
 Activity

For our next activity, we only need two group for

this activity so Earthbenders will collab with
Firebenders and Waterbenders will collab with
Airbenders, are you following?

With your benders family you will perform the

activity entitled “DNA MAKES DNA”. Students: Yes, Ma’am.

Each family will perform the activity and answer

the guide questions. After that, one representative
of each family will present their work to the class.
Now, go to your family and make a circle.
Airbenders will be on the right and Firebenders will
be on the left. Do it in silence. Is that clear?

Okay, you have 10 seconds to do it.

…………….After 10 seconds………………
Okay, is everyone ready? Students: Very clear Ma’am.

That’s what I like! This time, Kindly read the (Students go to their family silently)
objectives.

Students: Born to be ready Ma’am!

I have here the materials that you needed. Each
family will have sticker paper with shapes, crayons, Students: Make a model of a DNA template to
scissor and ¼ size illustration board. Now, leaders determine the sequence of bases in the new
come here in front and get you materials. DNA strand.

Now, read the procedure please.

(leaders get the materials)

Students:
Task 1.
1. the teacher will provide a pattern of the
components that you will use as the backbone of
your DNA, which will serve you as guide for
your DNA strand.
Color code representation:
Phosphate = Blue
Deoxyribonucleic sugar = Green
Nitrogenous bases as follows:
Adenine = Yellow
Thymine = Pink
Guanine = Violet
Cytosine = Red

2. Paste all the cutout shapes according to its

representation color and start making a pattern
of the components of DNA given by your
teacher.

Okay, is the procedure clear? 3. after that, make a complementary strand for
the first strand that you made in step 2.
Good, just to remind you again that Adenine and
Thymine are always paired together, and Cytosine Students: very clear Ma’am!
and Guanine are always paired.
You will be given 10 minutes to do the activity.
And here are the components of the backbone of
your DNA.

AGCTGAT

TCGACTA
Remember that Rule

Start now.
…………………After 9 minutes………………
Benders you only have 1-minute remaining to
polish your work. (The students start the task collaboratively
…………………After 1 minute……………… silent)
Okay, time is up. Stop working now and focus on
me. Again, focus on me!
Students: Copy Ma’am.
Alright, this time let’s have Airbenders group to
present their work. Give them a hand please.
Students: Focus on you Ma’am!

Airbenders presenter: Good afternoon everyone,

we are the Airbenders presenter and here is our
output in task 1. So, let’s start here in the upper
part, what you see are the components of
Phosphate which is the Blue one and this green
here is Deoxyribonucleic sugar. Beside them are
the nitrogenous bases which are the Adenine,
Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine, Adenine
and Thymine. Beside theme are their
complimentary strand which are Thymine,
Wow, Great Job Airbenders! Let’s give them an Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine
AYOS clap! and Adenine. And on the other side is the same.
Here are the phosphate group and
Deoxyribonucleic sugar with the nitrogenous
Alright, Now without a further ado lets welcome bases and their complementary strand. That’s all
the Firebenders presenter! thank you.

Students: 1,2,3…1,2,3, AYOS!

Firebenders Presenter: Hi everyone! We're the

Airbenders, and we're excited to show you what
we've found for Task 1. Let's start at the top.
The blue stuff is called Phosphate, and the green
stuff is Deoxyribonucleic sugar. Next to them
are some important parts called Adenine,
Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine. They're like
the building blocks of DNA. And next to them
are their partners: Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine,
and Adenine. It's like they're best friends! This
Excellent! Firebenders, lets give them a BAGTIK pattern repeats on the other side too. So,
clap! basically, we're showing you the different pieces
that make up DNA. Thanks for listening!
Very good, students you did the task perfectly
done! Students: 1,2,3…1,2,3..BAGTIK!
 Analysis

This time, regarding to the task you’ve just done,

with the same group I want you to answer the guide
Questions.
Please read the questions for me Airbenders.

Airbenders: Task 2.
Guide Questions for the Airbenders.
Q1: Compare the two new strands of DNA. Are
Thank you! Next slide, please read it aloud they the same of different? Why?
Firebenders.
Q2: How do the nucleotides in DNA pair?

Firebenders: Task 2.
Guide Questions for the Firebenders.
Q3. How do you compare a DNA molecule to a
zipper?

Thank you. So, I have here a ½ sheet of paper. Q4: How does the structure of a DNA molecule
Write your answer there and choose 2 help account for the great variety of life that
representatives to share your answer. You only exist on earth?
have 7 minutes to answer the question. Is that
enough?

Great! Start now.

………………..After 6 minutes………………… Students: Yes, Ma’am.

Benders you only have 1 minute to finalize your
answer. (the students answer the task collaboratively)
………………After 1 minute……………………
Okay! Time is up! Now, it’s time to share your
answers. Let’s start with the Firebenders! Let’s give
them a hand please.

Firebenders: Thank you classmates. Good

afternoon everyone, our answer in question 1 is
we think that if we compare the base pairing
with the original strand we can see that they are
just the same.

On the other hand in our answer in question 2 is

 that Nucleotides in DNA pair up in a specific
way: Adenine always pairs with Thymine, and
Cytosine always pairs with Guanine. It's like a
puzzle where only certain pieces fit together.
Superb answer Firebenders! Give them another That’s all thank you!
round of applause please.

Alright, it’s time now Airbenders. Give them a (Students give a round of applause)
hand please.
Airbenders presenter: Hello everyone. So, our
answer in question 3 is that you can compare a
DNA molecule to a zipper because, just like
how a zipper's teeth interlock to close, the
nucleotides in DNA strands pair up in a specific
sequence to form a double helix structure.

And in question 4, yes the structure of a DNA

molecule allows for a great variety of life on
Earth because it carries the genetic information
that determines the traits of living organisms.
Through processes like replication and mutation,
DNA can create new combinations of genetic
material, leading to the diversity of life we see
today.

Impressive Airbenders! Give them a round of

applause please. Thank you everyone for your
cooperation.

 Abstraction Students: Okay, Ma’am.

This time, I want you to be all ears and listen to me.

Is that okay?

Great, let us come now to the discussion of our

topic.

As you can see on this picture it is the summary of

what happens in DNA Replication.
(Ma. Licka raise her hand)
What do we need to remember for DNA
replication? Any idea? Ma. Licka: In DNA replication, two identical
Yes, Ma. Licka? DNA molecules are produced.

(Jerome raise his hand)

That’s right! Replication is similar to duplication.
What does it mean? Jerome: It means that from one strand of DNA it
You’re recognize Jerome. would become two strands which are identical to
another.

Very good!

However the process is semi-conservative.

(Lexter raise his hand)
In this process we have what we called key players.
When we say enzymes what is it? Who have idea?
Lexter: These molecules that speed up the rate
Yes, Lexter? of chemical reaction.

Correct. You need this enzymes in order to do

something to DNA.
Students: Yes Ma’am.
Remember in our discussion of the difference (Renchelle raise her hand)
between DNA and RNA?
Who can recall? Renchelle: The nitrogenous bases in DNA are
Yes, Renchelle? glued together using what we call hydrogen
bonds and it is nearly impossible for hydrogen
bonds to be cut or to be separated from one
another without using this enzyme.

Students: HELICASE, PRIMASE, DNA

That’s right! now, what are those key players in POLYMERASE and we have LIGASE.
DNA Replication?

Again, for DNA Replication you start with a parent

strand and you come up with two daughters strand
which are identical to each other.

Now I will introduce to you the key players of Students: Helicase “the unzipping enzyme”.
DNA Replication so that you can get some
background. First is the?

If you recall that DNA has 2 strands, you can think

of Helicase unzipping the two strands.

After that, we can see that the different nitrogenous

basis and that enzyme is called primase.
Students: It is the initializer that give or serves
Why do we call it Primase? the starting point for DNA Replication.

Now, the one that build nitrogenous base to form Students: DNA Polymase.
new DNA strand is what we called?
Students: It is an enzyme that replicate DNA to
Why do we called it DNA Polymase. build a new strand.

And of course, we need to glue the nitrogenous Students: We call the gluer the enzyme ligase, it
base, what do we call by that? is an enzyme which connects two strands of
DNA together.

When the painting is done, what happens is that the

DNA coils back again afterwards, there will be a
new two copies of the original DNA.

Here I have a short DNA strand which we’ll be

using as an example for DNA Replication.

Again, DNA is double stranded.

What will happen during DNA replication?
Students: During DNA Replication the DNA
unzips so what happens is that new nitrogenous
bases would attach to the strands that unzipped.

What do you think would be the nitrogenous bases (Roselyn raise her hand)
that will appear here?
Go ahead Roselyn. Roselyn:
Very Good! Now after DNA replication we have
two daughter strands.

DAUGHTER STRANDS

And just like what the Firebenders answered in task

1, if we compare the base pairing with the original
strand we can see that they are just the same.

The only difference is that one part of each

daughters strand would be coming from the old or
the original strand and another part would be a new
strand.

This is what we meant by saying semi-conservative

during the start of our discussion.

Again class, what is DNA Replication?

Yes, Jomyca? (Jomyca raise her hand)
Jomyca: It is the process of making copies of
That’s right! Is there have other idea? DNA.
Yes, Charlene? (Charlene raise her hand)

Charlene: It ensures that all body cell must carry

the same genetic material and that instructions
are copied exactly for the next generation.
Very good. When DNA replicates, two identical
copies of DNA molecules are produced, which are
exactly the same as the original.

 Application

 Assessment
Prepared by:
Ma. Jessibel C. Minguita
Student-Teacher
Submitted to:

JOHN YRICK S. MINGUITA

Cooperating Teacher

Noted by:

BONIFACIO M. DECOY
JR.
Head Teacher III