Review Summary:

Critical Review of the Recent 3D Geostatistical Facies Modelling of

Hydrocarbon Reservoirs
Shaimaa Ali , Moamal Hussein , Manar Bander, Zahraa Abdul Wahed ,
Ola Salah, Jafar Sajad ,Hussein Adnan

Basrah University of Oil and Gas. Basra, Iraq

24 April 2023

Keywords: geostatistical modeling; lithofacies; electrofacies; reservoir

characterization; well logging; carbonate reservoirs; sandstone reservoirs
 This review analyzes soft data, that can be used to constrain subsurface models of
heterogeneity in categorical geostatistical simulation applications, such as driller's logs, and
electrofacies based on resistivity cutoffs, ect. A soft data capability has been incorporated into the
code tsim-s, which balances the impact of uncertainty in the data with other nearby hard and soft
data.Also touched on describes the importance of reservoir architecture in storing and transmitting
hydrocarbons, and how it is influenced by sediment stacking patterns and facies associations, and
focuses on analyzing the heterogeneities and quality of the Paleozoic fluvio-lacustrine units of the
Nubia Formation in the SW Gulf of Suez-rift. It uses seismic profiles, wireline-logs(well logging),
and data from many wells to create a depositional model and 3D-static geocellular model to better
understand the reservoir(sandstone reservoirs) architecture and petroleum system evolution. Like
any effective subject regarding Geostatistica we talked about describing a Methodology for
reservoir characterization, management, and modeling in carbonate reservoirs. Focus on Vugular
Pore Systems (VPS) modeling. Includes 3D VPS modeling workflow and integration with seismic
data. Reduces ambiguity in data and leads to better management decisions. Geostatics Modeling
have two available condition, hard classified as with no uncertainty and soft associated with an
uncertainty.There are two simulation methods for counting hard and soft data, such as, 2-point
Gaussian simulation methods for hard and soft data, multiple-point statistical MPS for accounting
hard data and focusing on it.are used for the reconstruction of highresolution 3D porous media.
However, the applicability of these methods is limited .a reconstruction method based on DTL is
proposed, that learns the features and relationships between TIs and conditioning data first.The
neural network modeling process is an iterative optimization process . The experimental results
show that (DLT) is of high efficiency and this method has lower CPU costs and memory demands
than the traditional MPS-like methods. And study analyzes the distribution of lithofacies and
reservoir properties in a deep water reservoir unit in the offshore Niger Delta. An unsupervised
artificial neural network (UANN) was used to build a 3D sand facies trend model, also aims to re-
evaluate the characteristics and facies identification of the Sui Main Limestone (SML) gas
reservoir . Petrophysical analysis and rock physics modeling were used to overcome the difficulty
of characterizing carbonate, also used wireline logs to analyze exploratory wells and identified
three facies: limestone, shale, and shaly limestone. The results show that SML has high porosity.