Basrah University for Oil and Gas

College of Petroleum and Gas Engineering

Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering

Subject: Well testing Analysis Exam: Final Exam

Answer 3 Question only
Class: 3rd year 2nd semester Date: 9.8.2020
Examiner: Najah Saeed Abd. Time: 3 hours
Each Quetion has 25 Marks

Q1: A: Consider two reservoir A and B with

identical rock and fluid properties and drainage areas
as shown in figure beside. Compare the expected
duration of the infinite acting and late-Transient flow
periods for both reservoir?

Q1: B: For the given figure beside: Calculate the skin factor
resulting from the invasion of drilling fluid, the Permeability of
the skin zone is estimated at 20 md as compare with unaffected
formation permeability of 60 md the wellbore radius is 0.3 ft?

Q2:A: For the given figure Write :

✓ Total Number of flow periods
✓ Number of Build Up periods
✓ Number of Draw Down periods

Q2: B: During the drawdown test what will be the radius of investigation after 6 hours of
stabilized flow: 250 STB/D of oil (zero water cut) producing above the bubble point. for
which the following rock and fluid data have been obtained:

1
Q3: A: Classify the two cores samples properties as
Homogeneous or Non and Isotropic or Not?

Q3: B: Given a reservoir with the following properties

✓ Calculate the time at which the Ei function solution first

becomes valid?
✓ Calculate the time after which the Ei function solution is no
longer valid?

Q4: A: The discovery well in an oil reservoir was tested at production rates and duration
shown in Table below: the well was then shut in for a buildup test. If the flowing
bottomhole pressure of the well before it was shut in was 3535 psia, Other reservoir and
fluid properties data are given as follows:

Calculate Horner pseudo-producing time?

Q4: B: Given the Following Data :

q = 100 STB/D
Pwf (BHP) = 1,500 psi (Measured)
Pavg = 2,000 psi (pressure survey)
h = 10ft (log analysis), re = 1,000ft rw = 0.25ft
μ= 0.5 cp (at current reservoir pressure) B =1.5 RB/STB
Estimate:
1. PI?
2. K?

Good Luck

2
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.1

Q1: Mark the following statements as TRUE or FALSE.

In each case, justify your answer.
1. In a finite reservoir, the duration of the transient flow period is expected to be shorter
if well is produced at a higher rate.
2. Consider two circular reservoirs, one with a no-flow outer boundary and one with a
constant pressure outer boundary. Assume that both reservoirs have similar rock and
fluid properties. If each of these reservoirs has one well located at the center of the
drainage area at a given time, the radius of investigation will be larger for the well
located in the reservoir with no-flow boundaries.

3. Consider a gas reservoir and an oil reservoir with identical reservoir properties and
well parameters. Duration of wellbore storage is expected to be longer in the gas well.

4. The rate of growth of the drainage radius in a gas reservoir is expected to be faster
than that of an oil reservoir, assuming all the reservoir rock properties and well
parameters are the same in both reservoirs.
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.1

1. FALSE Duration of infinite acting period (transient period) is determined how

long for a measurable pressure transient will take to reach the closest boundary
point. This is controlled by the hydraulic diffusivity constant, not by the flow rate.
2. FALSE Again, the position of the radius of investigation at a given time is
controlled by the permeability, porosity of the formation and by the viscosity
and total compressibility of the formation/fluid system.
3. TRUE since the compressibility of gas is larger than that of oil, duration of
wellbore storage will be longer in gas wells.

4. FALSE In a typical gas reservoir, hydraulic diffusivity constant is expected to be much

smaller than that of a liquid reservoir (compressibility of gas is 3 to 4 orders of magnitude
larger while the viscosity of gas is 2 orders of magnitude smaller). Therefore, the rate of
growth of drainage radius in a gas reservoir will be slower.
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.1

Q: Consider two reservoirs A and B with identical rock and fluid properties and
drainage areas as shown in Figure 1. Compare the expected duration of the
infinite acting and late-transient flow periods for both reservoirs.

Solution:
In Reservoir B, the closest boundary is only 500 feet away (in Reservoir A, the closest
boundary is 1000 feet away). Therefore, the duration of the infinite acting period will be
shorter for the well in Reservoir B. However, duration of the late transient period will be
much longer in Reservoir B because the furthest points on the boundaries (corners of the
reservoir) are at a larger distance than that of the Reservoir A. Therefore, it will take longer
for the well in Reservoir B to reach the stabilized conditions.
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2

No. Test Name well Completion Duration Objectives

1 Mini DST-MDT Exploration Open/Cased Very short 1. Formation pressure
(Modular dynamic hole (minutes) 2. Fluid Sample
3. Mobility
test) DST String
2 DST string test Exploration DST string Variable 1. Formation pressure
+TCP (Hours) 2. Fluid Sample
3. Permeability
4. Well damage.
3 Standard Production test Production Final Variable 1. Formation pressure
(2-7 days) 2. Well deliverity
3. Permeability
4. Well damage
5. Reservoir Boundaries
4 Limit Test Exploration/ appraisal Provisional/ Variables 1. Investigate reservoir
Final (Days-Weeks) boundaries(estimate reservoir size)
5 Areal interference test First well: Final Variable 6. Recognize Reservoir Continuity
Active (Days-Weeks) between the wells
Producing well 7. Hydraulic communication between
Second Well: the wells
Observation/ Spy Well 8. Define the average Permeability
Shut-in between the two wells

6 Vertical interference Test First Pool Final –Dual Variable 9. Recognize Vertical communication
Active Completion (hours-days) b/n the pools
(Producing) 10. Determine crossflow b/n two layer
Second Pool 11. Detect leaks behind the casing due
Observer Pool to poor cementation or through the
(Shut-in) packer
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2

Q2: Complete the Table with correct information:

Standard Production test Areal Interference Limit test
Duration
Main Objectives

Q3: State briefly the procedures to be followed in each of the following well
tests:
A. Drawdown test
B. Buildup test
C. Gas well backpressure tests
D. Interference test
E. Pulse test
F. Drill Stem test (DTS).
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2

Solution:
A. A well that was initially shut-in is opened to flow at a constant rate and the
pressure is recorded either at the surface or sandface. Sandface pressures are
usually preferred.
B. A well that is producing at a constant or near-constant rate is shut in at the
surface and the pressure buildup is recorded at sandface.
C. In the conventional test, a gas well, initially shut-in, is allowed to flow at a
series of constant rates. Each flow rate is maintained until the flowing pressure
stabilizes. The next flow rate, usually a higher one, is then initiated. After the
well has flowed at four different rates, it is shut in and the final, stabilized
pressure recorded.
D. This is a two-well test, one being an active well, the other an observation
well. The effect of the active well on the observation well is measured so as to
provide information about the reservoir between the two wells.
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2

E. A pulse test is a special type of interference test. One or more pressure

pulses (fluid is injected or produced for a short period of time, and then the
well is shut in) are introduced into the active well and the response is measured
in the observation well(s) with a high-resolution, downhole-pressure gauge.
F. A drill stem test is a test which uses a special tool mounted on the end of the
drill string. It is a test commonly used to test a newly drilled well, since it can
only be carried out while a rig is over the hole. In a DST, the well is opened to
flow by a valve at the base of the test tool, and reservoir fluid flows up the drill
string (which is usually empty to start with). A common test sequence is to
produce, shut in, produce again and shut in again. Drill stem tests can be quite
short, since the positive closure of the downhole valve avoids wellbore storage
effects (described later). Analysis of the DST requires special techniques, since
the flow rate is not constant as the fluid level rises in the drill string.
Complications may also arise due to momentum and friction effects, and the
fact that the well condition is affected by recent drilling and completion
operations may influence the results.
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2

Q4: Formation with rock properties that do not change with location in the
reservoir is:
o Homogeneous formation.
o Heterogeneous formation.
o Isotropic formation.
o None of the above.
Q5: A type of whose rock properties are same in all direction is called:
o Isotropic formation.
o Homogeneous formation.
o Anisotropic formation.
o None of the above.
Q6: A reservoir limit test is a:
o Draw-down test
o Build-Up test
o Infectivity test
o None of the above
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2

Q7: Describe the three regions of a reservoir model both physically and
mathematically. (Check the Videos with sheet V.No.1)
Ans. The three regions of a reservoir are:
Region 1: The wellbore and near-wellbore region referred to mathematically
as the inner-boundary conditions.
Region 2: The reservoir system beyond the wellbore (reservoir structure);
mathematically, the basic model.
Region 3: The pressure/flow conditions at the outer extent of the well-drainage
area; mathematically, the outer-boundary conditions.
Q8: given that after 8 hours of production at a constant rate Qg=40,000 m3/d
the pressure disturbance extends for 163 m from the well, which distance will be
reached by the pressure disturbance after the same time in the hypothesis that the rate
is equal to Qg=80,000 m3/d ?
o 326 m
o 81 m
o 163
o 362
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2

Q9: given that after 4 hours of production at a constant rate Qg = 50,000 m3/d
the pressure disturbance extend for 80 m from the well , for what distance will
pressure disturbance travel after 16 hours and constant rate of Qg = 100,000
m3/d ?

Q10: Estimate the distance of the Fault from the well by using the following
data: Data Value Units
Permeability K 1200 mD
Porosity Ø 0.25
Total Compressibility Ct 1.22x10-5 psi-1
Duration of last build Up t 96 hrs
Oil Viscosity µo 1.02 cP
Last Oil rate qo 5000 Bbl/day
End time of Middle time effect t 5.76 hrs
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2

Q11: Calculate the radius of investigation of an oil well producing at a constant

rate for 20 hours from initial conditions in a reservoir with properties as:
Formation permeability 200 md
Oil viscosity 2.5 cP
Formation porosity 0.28
Total formation compressibility 5x 10-6 psi-1

Q12: Stabilization time is a function of?

Q13: what’s the average pressure of the reservoir define all terms?
Q14: write the equation of investigation radius and define all terms?
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2

Q15: Investigation radius is:

T F
Valid under steady state conditions
Valid only under pure transient conditions
Valid during entire duration of the test
A function flow rate
A function of time

Q16: Calculate the skin factor and effective wellbore radius of a well with the
following properties:

Formation permeability 250 md

Damaged zone permeability 50 md
Wellbore radius 0.5 ft
Damaged zone radius 3.0 ft

Q17: what does the negative skin value indicate?

 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2

Q18:A reservoir at initial pressure of 2500 psia has three wells (Wells A, B, C) as shown
in Figure 11.8 on production for 45 days from initial conditions. Well A was produced at
a constant rate of 600 STB/D. Well B was produced at a constant rate of 350 STB/D and
is located 1000 feet from Well A. Well C was produced at a constant rate of 150 STB/D
and is located 750 feet from Well A. Assuming the reservoir is infinite in size, calculate
the total pressure drop in Well A at the end of 45 days. Rock and fluid properties for the
reservoir, including parameters for Well A, are as follows:
Initial pressure 2500 psia
Formation thickness 15 ft
Formation 300 md
permeability
Formation porosity 0.24
Total compressibility 6x 10-6 psi-1
Oil viscosity 4.2 cP
Oil FVF 1.2 RB/STB
Wellbore radius 0.5 ft
Skin factor, Well A 4.5
1: Calculate the pressure drop caused by Well A.
2: Calculate the pressure drop caused by Well B.
 Basra University For Well –test-Tutorial-sheet PETE321 ,3rd Year, 2nd Semester
Oil And Gas (BUOG) No.2
q 250 STB/D
Ct 6.0x10-6psi-1
Q19: Given a reservoir with the following properties: µ 0.75cP
A. Calculate the time at which the Ei function solution fist becomes Valid? re 3000 ft
B 1.25 RB/STB
B. Calculate the time after which the Ei function solution is no longer valid? rw 0.25 ft
k 25 md
s 5
h 60 ft
pi 3500 psi
Ø 20%

Q20: A well is located in the center of 640 acre circular drainage area, the q 606 STB/D
formation, fluid and well properties are: Ct 18.0x10-6psi-1

A: The additional pressure drop Ps due to skin factor. µ 0.306cP

̅ is 4100 psia.
B: The pressure at the wellbore Pwf when the average reservoir pressure 𝒑 A 640 ACRES

B 1.593 RB/STB
̅-pwf of 500 psia if an acid job were
C: The flow rate q which would be obtained for a drawdown 𝒑
preformed, changing the skin factor s from (12 to -2) rw 0.25 ft

k 17.5 md

s 12

h 103 ft

pi 4250 psi

Ø 12%