WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT BIOLOGY

THE IMPACT OF FOREST DEGRADATION ON WILD ANIMALS OF

SORE-BOYE FOREST IN CHECHO KEBELE KAMBATATEMBERO
ZONE SNNP REGION

BY:

ALEMAYEHU HAFEBO

ID: BIO/SUM/039/08

ADVISOR: MR. MARKOS K.(Msc)

A SENIOR ESSAY SUBMITTED TO COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND

COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF BSc DEGREE IN
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY.

AUGUST, 2021

WOLAYITA SODO, ETHIOPIA

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and most of all I will be to thanks almighty God and his mother Amarech for giving my
strength and patience. Second I would like to express my despots and gratitude my Advisor
Markos K.(Msc). For his unreserved effort of evaluation, Correcting and giving constructive
idea and suggestion during completion of the research paper.

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 Table of contents

Contents Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................................i

List of table.....................................................................................................................................iv

ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................................v

CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1

1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1

1.1. Background of the Study.......................................................................................................1

1.2 Statement of the Study.........................................................................................................1

1.3 Basic Research Question........................................................................................................2

1.4. The Objective of the Study...................................................................................................2

1.4.1 General Objective............................................................................................................2

1.4.2 Specific Objective...........................................................................................................2

1.5. Significance of the study.......................................................................................................2

1.6. The Limitation of Study........................................................................................................3

1.7. The Scope of Study...............................................................................................................3

CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................4

2. REVIEW LITERATURE............................................................................................................4

2.1. Forest Degradation..............................................................................................................4

2.2. The Ethiopia Wild Life Conservation Conditions................................................................4

2.3.Uses of Wild Life...................................................................................................................5

2.4. Problem of Wild Life in Sore-Boye Forest of Checho Kebele.............................................5

2.5.The Effect of Forest Degradation on Ecosystem...................................................................5

2.5.1. Loss of Biodiversity.......................................................................................................5

2.5.2.Distribution of the Water Cycle and River Ecosystems..................................................6

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 2.5.3. Soil Erosion....................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER THREE.........................................................................................................................7

3.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................7

3.1. Description of the Study Area...............................................................................................7

3.2. Sample Size and Sampling Technique..................................................................................7

3.3. Size Determination................................................................................................................7

3.4. Methods of Data Collection..................................................................................................7

3.4.1. Observation....................................................................................................................7

3.4.2. Questionnaire..................................................................................................................7

3.5. Method of the Data Analysis................................................................................................8

CHAPTER FOUR...........................................................................................................................9

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS..................................................................................................9

4.1. Result....................................................................................................................................9

4.2. Background information profiles..........................................................................................9

4.3. Information regarding labor division in the locality...........................................................16

4.2. Discussion...........................................................................................................................18

CHAPTER FIVE...........................................................................................................................23

5. CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION and SUMMARY.....................................................23

5.1.Conclusion...........................................................................................................................23

5.2. Recommendation................................................................................................................24

5.3. Summary.............................................................................................................................25

REFERENCE................................................................................................................................26

Appendix........................................................................................................................................27

iii
List of table
Table 1 Background information regarding DA`s supporting the Kebele farmers

Table 2: DA’S create awareness about forest degradation

Table 3:.The awareness of respondent toward the type of soil conservation practice

Table 4: Interest of DA`s creating awareness among community to conserve natural resource

Table 5: Interest of society/community/ in participate natural resource conservation.

Table 6. Attitude of district agriculture office administrator toward forest degradation and its
effect in ecosystem.

Table 7. Information regarding household resources

Table 8: livestock and poultry (hens)

Table 9. Off form / Noh farm production

iv
ABSTRACT
General objective of the study was to assess the impact forest degradation on wild life in the
Hadaro Tunto Zuriya wored in checho kebele. To determine the impacts of forest degradation.
The total number of population in the kebele are 12190, from this, 8570 is male and 3620
females. The number of households to be 634 from which 51% (323) are female and 49% (311)
male households, among these 80 have household were settle around the forest (28 were female
and 52 were male). In order to collected information from the household to give solution for the
existing problem and to meet the objective of the study, the researcher was gather data from both
primary and secondary sources. The quantitative data were analyzed by using frequency and
percentage and presented using tables. Years ago there were a number of wild life species in
sore – boYe forests. But now a day, only a few number of species were left these one hyena, pigs,
monkey, ape`s and the likes. The district agricultural office required to hand community
members who settle nearby to sore-boye forest in diplomatic manners and should create
awareness on the impact of forest degradation on wild life and overall agricultural productivity
and play significant role in encouraging development agents to work hard on environmental
issues.

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 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study

Ethiopia is one of the most common physically and biologically diverse countries in the world. It
comprises high land massive surrounded by arid law lands. It contains various wild lives and
wild animal (life) habitats ranging from alpine moor land to low land savanna and arid law land
and extensive wet land (Yalden, 1983).

Ethiopia consists of 861 species of birds, 277 species of mammals ,210 species of reptiles, 63
species of amphibians and 150 species of fish .(Hillman ,1993a). Among these 13 mammals ,16
birds , 24 amphibians ,9 reptiles and 40 fish are believed to endemic (Hillman ,1993a).The
reason for presence of diverse wild life and large number of endemic species is ragged
topography (Yaledenet al, 1996).

Forest degradation means any negative changes in forest that damage its productivity any time
mode worse by over exploitations deforestation logging compass and logging road build through
forest air pollution , fire, insects and vegetation diseases some time the term forest degradation
does not including cutting down trees which is the refers to as deforestation (FAO,2001).

Like on the part of Ethiopia the forest resources of Hadero Tuntozuria district Sore-Boye forest
have been getting damages for farm land grating, fire wood consumption, construction, and other
sources of income. Because of these, the wild life and biodiversity of mountain is in series threat
in recent years (Hadero Tuntozuria district Agricultural office report, 2002.) Taking this in to
consideration, this study concerned on the impact of forest degradation on wild life of the area.

1.2 Statement of the Study

In recent year the critical issues of Hadero Tunto Zuria district especially sore-Boyeforest wild
life and biodiversity is series damage due to forest degradation because of human and natural
factors. The main adverse condition of mountain are forest fire, clearing for settlement, over
grazing, and charcoal production as a means of income, cutting tree for fire wood etc (Hadero
Tunito zuria district agricultural office, 2002). In Hadero Tunto Zuria district in most case forest

1
are exposed to damage because of negligible consideration to district forest and wild life. As
result the researcher intended to investigate the impact of forest degradation on wild life in the
case of Sore-Boye forest in Hadero Tuntozuria district.

1.3 Basic Research Question

To deal with the problem established above the following basic research question will attempted
to answer in the course of the study.

1. What are the causes of forest degradation on biodiversity

2. What are the negative impacts of forest degradation?
3. How do we conserve forest from degradation?

1.4. The Objective of the Study

1.4.1 General Objective

General objective of the study is to assess the impact forest degradation on wild life in the
Hadaro Tunto Zuriya wored in checho kebele

1.4.2 Specific Objective

 To identify the causes of forest degradation on Sore-Boye forest in Checho kebele.
 To determine the impacts of forest degradation
 To suggest a possible solution for the recent problem of the forest.

1.5. Significance of the study

The study is intended to create awareness on the impact of forest degradation on wild life in the
study area to bring the attention of educator to the impact of forest degradation on wild animals
hence the expected result information gap between the impacts of forest degradation on wild life

 Laying foundation for research who will conduct farther research work on the study
area.
 Showing ways haw to manage the forest degradation risk for former around the
mountain and for other bodies concerned with district agricultural office and kebele
forest conservation.

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1.6. The Limitation of Study
In completion of this senior essay, the student researcher encounter with constraints such as in
accessibility of internet facilities, logistics, accesses and financial constraints was great burden.
However, the student research overcome those problems and finally come up this project work.

1.7. The Scope of Study

Hadero Tuntozuria district consists of 15 kebele among two kebele with relatively good forest
distribution. Those are Shafa forest in Boha-Tora kebele and Sore-Boye forest in Checho kebele.
From the two forests, the researcher selected Checho kebele Sore-Boye forest purposively
because Sore-Boyeforest contain large number of species of wild animal than the other.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2. REVIEW LITERATURE

2.1. Forest Degradation

Forest degradation is any action either natural or human action that affect forest and its function
negatively. In this concern, FAO; report indicated that forest degradation is a negative change in
forest that damage its productivity; any time a forest is made worse by exploitation,
deforestation, logging roads built through forest, air pollution, fires, insect and vegetation
diseases fire wood scavenging, animal foraging, posturing, industrialization, and urbanization.
Sometimes the term forest degradation does not include wetting down tree, which is then
referred to as deforestation. (FAO, 2010)

Around 1% of forest is significantly affected each year by forest although the area of forest
affected by fire is severally under ported. Less than 10% of all forest fire is prescribed burning,
the rest are classified as wild fires.

Outbreak of forest insect damages some 35 million hectares of forest each year (AFO, Report,
2010). Like on the parts Ethiopia, the forest resources of HedaroTunto Zuria District, Sore-boye
forest Tora has been getting damaged for farmland grazing, fire wood consumption and some
source of income as a result the wild life and biodiversity of the mountain is in series danger in
recent years (Hadero Tunto Zuria District Agricultural office report 2002).

Many attempts have been made by various researchers to identify factors that affect the wild
animal by the reason of impact of forest degradation several investigation have been done on
factors of the impact of forest degradation unlike the increased demand of world market for
tropical woods the “dominant effect’’ of population growth, demand for more farm land and
plantation.

2.2. The Ethiopia Wild Life Conservation Conditions

Wild life include all animal that are not tamed including mammals, vertebrates, invertebrates,
birds, Amphibians and unicellular organism (Ethiopian percolation that was made in 1964 E.C).

4
There are different places in the world for the conservation of wild life. In Ethiopia there are
three types of wild lives conservation. These are zoo, sanctuary, and Natural Park (Baratu,
Gashaw and Nebiyo, 2004).

In Ethiopia, the total area as sighed for wild life conservation is only 22.829 km². This means the
principal conservation area converse only approximately 2.9% of the country and surface area
this comprises nine national park three sanctuaries, eight nine are reserve and 18 controlled
hinting area (Hill wan, 1993)

2.3.Uses of Wild Life

Wild masses are used for the educational value Aesthetic, and recreational value.

2.4. Problem of Wild Life in Sore-Boye Forest of Checho Kebele

Like other kebeles of HedaroTunto zuria district fuel wood is the major energy sources of house
hold and mean of in case for many households (HAdaroTuntoZuriadistrict Agricultural office
report 2001). Before destruction of forest of Sore-Boye forest, there are different species of both
vegetation and wild animals dominantly in the area.

2.5.The Effect of Forest Degradation on Ecosystem

Deforestation and degradation of forest erects, ecological problems, in every part of the world.
Deforestation occurs eat rapid pole. Reaming of forest also suffer from pollution selective
logging operations that the integrity of local ecosystem. Destruction of forest also affects the soil
and water quality in the area and has a diverse effect on biodiversity over arrange connected
ecosystem.

2.5.1. Loss of Biodiversity

The most significant effect of forest degradation is loss of habitat leading to species loss forest
are among the biological diverse ecosystem in the planet. Due to half of all terrestrial species,
live in forest which subjects to greatest deforestation pressure. Biodiversity loss can occur during
selective logging, as well as individual species may be intolerant loss of a particulars type or
presence of logging operation.

5
2.5.2.Distribution of the Water Cycle and River Ecosystems
Evapo-transportation refers to the water that evaporates from the forest back to the atmosphere,
increasing of rainfall cross nearby ecosystem. Loss of forest distrust this cycle resulting in less
rainfall the result of an increase flood and erosion of sediment in to rivers, disrupting river
ecosystem.

2.5.3. Soil Erosion

Forest contains particularly rich soils that have received organic material over extended period of
time when forest is destroyed, the soil exposed. To the sun, which cause is to loss nutrients,
during heavy rain, the dry soil is washed away due to lack of root structures in the ground. Once
to soil in an area is lost, it can be very difficult to re-establish forest or use the land for other
productive purpose. (Hitti www-ehoe com. lines).

6
 CHAPTER THREE

3.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Description of the Study Area

Sore-Boye forest will be located 9 km from Hadero Town, 295 km south of Addis Ababa, 60 km
Wolaita Sodo and65km Hossana city, Part of the Kambata Tembaro Zone.

Hadero Tunto is bordered on the south by the Wolaita zone, on the west by Tembaro district, on
the north by the Hadiya zone, and on the east by Kacha Bira district where the study will be
conducted.

3.2. Sample Size and Sampling Technique

The total number of population in the kebele are 12190, from this, 8570 is male and 3620
females. The number of households to be 634 from which 51% (323) are female and 49% (311)
male households, among these 80 have household were settle around the forest (28 were female
and 52 were male).

3.3. Size Determination

80 nearby household to forest (52male and 28 from female) were used for data collection

3.4. Methods of Data Collection

In order to collect information from the household to give solution for the existing problem and
to meet the objective of the study, the researcher will gather data from both primary and
secondary sources.

3.4.1. Observation
Getting information from the actual environmental situation is a very important means to check
whether the response provided from the respondents were consistent or not this method of data
collection is important to have first-hand information about the problem of wild life due to forest
degradation in Sore-Boye forest.

3.4.2. Questionnaire
Questionnaire was prepared for farmers and DA’s. The researcher distributed and then collected
to get the information from existing population (80household and 4 DA’s)

7
3.5. Method of the Data Analysis
The quantitative data were analyzed by using frequency and percentage and presented using
tables. But the qualitative data were presented in simple description or narration.

8
 CHAPTER FOUR

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1. Result
This chapter is concerned with analysis of data, which were gathered through questionnaires and
personal observation. The respondents were so nearby household to Sore-boye forest attempt
was made to analyze, Present and interpret the data gathered through different data collection
tools and data sources and four (4) DA’s supporting of checho kebele farmers. The interpretation
is also made depending on the responses in terms of questionnaires and observation findings.

The data obtained from respondent tailed, calculated and interpreted in this chapter as follows

4.2. Background information profiles

Table 1 Background information regarding DA`s supporting the Kebele farmers

No Item Respondent
1 Sex Frequency %
A, Male 3 75
B, Female 1 25
Total 4 100

2 Qualification
A, Diploma 2 50
B, BA/Degree 1 25
C, Certificate 1 25
D, Other -
Total 4 100

3 Age Frequency %
A, 20-25 Years 1 25%
B, 26-30 Years 1 25%
C, 31 Years old above 2 50%

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 Total 4 100%

4 Years of services
A, 1-2 Years 1 25%
B, 3-5 years 1 25%
C, 6-8 years 1 25%
D, 9-12 years 1 25%
E, 13 years and above - -
Total 4 100%

Table 1:- indicated ground information regarding DA’S supporting the Keble formers 4(100%)
3(75%) the respondents were male and 1(25%) the respondents were female. Therefore, the
majority of this item was male respondents. Item 2: educational level of this table in 2(50%) the
respondents were diploma 3(50%), 1(25%) were Badgered and 1(25%) were certificate. in this
item the majority respondents were diploma. Item 3 indicted age 20-25 years 2(50%), 26 -30
years 1(25%) and 31 year and above 1(25%). in this item the majority respondents were age 20-
25. Item numbers 4 years of service 1-2 years 1(25%), 3-5 years 2(50%) and 6-8 years 1(25%)
they were no service 9-2 years and about 13 years and the majority respondents were 3-5 years.

Table 2: DA’S create awareness about forest degradation

Item Respondent

Did DA’S in your kebele create Frequency %

awareness about forest
degradation
A, Yes 10 12.5%
B, No 70 87.5%
Total 80 100%

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Table 2 indicates DA’s awareness forest degradation 70{87.5%) house respondent’ NO’ do not
create awareness about forest degradation only 10(12.5%) house hold replied ‘yes’ they have
good idea about forest degradation.

Table 3:.The awareness of respondent toward the type of soil conservation practice
No Item Respondent

1 Do awareness of toward the Frequency %

type of soil conservation
A, Yes there are 72 90%
practice?
B, No 8 10%
Total 80 100%
2 Types of soil conservation A, forest fire 36 50%
practice.

B, clearing forest for farmland 16 25%

C, illegal hunting 16 25%
D, other
Total 72 100%

Table 3: indicate item 1: toward the type of soil conservation practice question 72(90%) were
agree or yes and 8(10%) the respondents were no. then, the majority of this respondents indicate
yes there are toward the type of soil conservation practice.

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Table 4: Interest of DA`s creating awareness among community to conserve natural
resource
No Item Respondent

Frequency %
1 How is (DA`S) interest toward
creating awareness In
environmental issue
A. Low 70 87.5%
B. Medium 6 7.5%
C. very high 4 5%
Total 80 100
2 If your respondent is low (No) Frequency %
what would be your reason
A. Lack of interest 40 57.1%
B. Development agents 10 14.3%
(DA`S) are not familiar
with such practice
C. Other 20 28.6%
Total 70 100%

Table 4: show that 70(87.5%) of the respondent replied that the interest of development agent
DA’S to ward create awareness low and the rest 4(5%) of them respondent interest of DA.S is
very high.

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Table 5: Interest of society/community/ in participate natural resource conservation.
No Item Respondent

Frequency %
1 How above your interest
toward participating on natural
resources congregation
community work.
A. Low 60 75
B. Medium 20 25
C. High
Total 80 100%
2 If your answer is low what Frequency %
would be your reason for not
participating in community
work?
A. Lack of interest 30 50%
B. Lack of awareness 25 41.7%
C. Lack of time 5 8.3%
D. There is no community - -
work
Total 60 100%

Table 5: Indicate for the reason for 30(50%) the respondent is lack interest for 25(41.7%) of lack
of awareness for 5(8.3%) of the respondent lack of time while the rest 0(0%) were respondents
no community work in natural resource conservation

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Table 6. Attitude of district agriculture office administrator toward forest degradation and
its effect in ecosystem.
No Item Respondent

Frequency %
1 Does the district agriculture office
administrator`s attitude positive to district forest
and wildlife conservation.
A, Yes 25 31.25
B, No 55 68.7
Total 80 100%

Table 6 Item number 1, 55(68.7%) or majority respondent ‘no ‘when they were asked know
about the effect of forest degradation on ecosystem however, only 25(31.25%) “Yes” replied that
they know effect of forest degradation.

Table 7. Information regarding household resources

No Item Respondent

Frequency %
1 Do you own land?
A.Yes 64 80%
B.No 16 20
Total 80 100
2 If you say ``yes`` how much Frequency %
land size in timed do you own?
A.2 – 3 20 31.25
B.4 – 6 24 37.5
C.7 – 10 and other 20 31.25
Total 64 100%

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Table 7 indicate item 1; 64(80%) the responded were yes own land. and 16(20%) the
respondents were no own land. the majority of this respondents were yes own land.

item 2, indicate 20(31.25%) the respondents were 2-3 yes own land size, 24(37.5%) the
respondents were 4-6 land size are yes and 20(31.25%) the respondents were 7-10 and other land
size are yes. the majority of the respondents in this item are 4-6 land size are yes.

Table 8: livestock and poultry (hens)

No Item Respondent

Frequency %
1 Do you own livestock
and for our land?

A, Yes 56 70%
B, No 24 30%
Total 80 100%
2 If your or any “No” what Frequency %
is your alternative means
for income?
A. Selling fuel wood 6 25
B. Selling charcoal 10 41.7
C. Selling gross and 4 16.7
dung
D. Work for wood 2 8.3
E. Daily wage 2 8.3
/migrant work
Total 24 100

Table 8 indicate item 1; 56(70%) the responded were yes livestock and our land. and 24(30%)
the respondents were no livestock and our land. the majority of this respondents were yes own
livestock and our land.

15
item 2, indicate 6(25%) the respondents were selling fuel wood, 10(41.7%) the respondents were
selling charcoal, 4(16.7%) the respondents were selling gross and dung, 2(8.3%) the respondents
were work for wood and 2(8.3%) the respondents were daily wage or migrant work. The
majority of the respondents in this item are selling charcoal.

4.3. Information regarding labor division in the locality

Table 9. Off form / Noh farm production

No Item Respondent

Frequency %
1 Do you involved
/participate in off/ Noh
farming activity
regularly own land?
A, Yes 40 50%
B, No 40 50%
Total 80 100%
2 If “yes” in what do you Frequency %
involved/participate
regularly
A. Selling wood and 10 25
charcoal
B. Daily wage labor 5 12.5
C. Grain and livestock 10 25
sell
D. Selling grass and 5 12.5
straw
E. Food for work 10 25

Total 40 100x

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Table 9 indicate item 1; 40(50%) the responded were yes participate in off/ Noh farming activity
regularly own land. and 40(50%) the respondents were no participate in off/ Noh farming
activity regularly own land. The majority of these respondents were yes participating in off/ Noh
farming activity regularly own land.

Item 2, indicate 10(25%) the respondents were Selling wood and charcoal, 10(41.7%) the
respondents were Daily wage labor, 5(12.5%) the respondents were Grain and livestock sell and
5(12.5%) the respondents were Food for work. The majority of the respondents in this item are
selling charcoal.

Table 10: Information regarding the suitability of the kebele condition to create awareness on
environmental issue

No Item Respondent
1 Is the suitable condition to create Frequency %
awareness in Checho Kebele

A, Yes 1 25%
B, No 3 75%
Total 4 100%
2 If your answer is `No` what would
be the reason?
A, Lack of emergent time 1 25%
B, Lack of interest 2 75%
C, Financial problem -
D, Other - -
Total 3 100%

Table 10 indicate item 1; 1(25%) the responded were yes condition to create awareness in
Checho Kebele. and 3(75%) the respondents were no condition to create awareness in Checho
Kebele. The majority of these respondents were no condition to create awareness in Checho
Kebele.

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Item 2, indicate 1(25%) the respondents were Lack of emergent time, 2(75%) the respondents
were Lack of interest and 0(0%) the respondents were Financial problem. The majority of the
respondents in this item are selling charcoal.

4.2. Discussion
As it is indicated in the above table 70(87.5%) of household response is “NO” this means that
development agents (DAs) in the did not give information about natural resource conservation
and did not create awareness about forest degradation.

Depending in the information obtained from this data can clearly see that the communities in the
study area have no awareness about forest degradation.

In the first item of the above table II;- it is indicated that 72(90%) of the responded “ Yes” w/c
means there are practices that obstacle wild life conservation in the study area while 80(10%)
hose holds responded that is no adverting condition in the kebele at all and for this hose holds
responded “ Yes” their reasoned were explained as follows. 36(50%) of house hold were forest
fire, 16(25%) responded clearing forest(Deforestation) for farmland and illegal hunting
incorporate 16(25%).

Thus from this one can clearly deduce that the major adverting condition of wildlife conservation
of sore – boye forest were forest, fire, clearing forest, for farmland demand and illegal hunting
for deaf.

Table. 3 above outline the following result, regarding respondent`s educational background and
contribution/improve wildlife/ conservation. As can be observe from table III above item number
1 60(75%) of households replied than they were illiterate, 16(20%) they were secondary level.

As indicated above, one concludes that almost all households those settle nearby to the study
area were illiterate and the most is not good for wildlife conservation.

According to the data in the table 3, II above it emu number 2, the majority of respondent line
72(90%) responded “NO” when they were asked whether they know about the effect of forest
degradation on ecosystem. However, only 8(10%) of them replied that they know the effect of
forest degradation on the ecosystem and for those who replied “NO” to item Number 2, The
reason were discussed as follows,

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Out of the respondents the majority 64(88.9) of them were they lack opportunity to learn about
the effect of forest degradation on ecosystem, 4(5.5%) of the lack of interest about and the rest of
(5.5%) responded that they don`t have time to taken to think about that matter.

Therefore, based on above information, we can conclude that the majority of respondent (I.e)
majority of community numbers not have awareness above the effect of forest destruction on
ecosystem and this lead them to negligible consideration to the environmental issues especially
wildlife conservation.

The above table, (table 4) shows 70(87.5%) of the respondents replied that the interest of
development agents (DA`s) toward creating awareness among the community is low, this means
that DA`s are not interested (wilings) to mobilized community to participate on community
works to conserve their natural resources like forest, soil and water, 6(7.5%) of them were
responded medium that is unsatisfactory and the rest 4(5%) of them responded the interested of
DA`s is very high and the reason for respondents those responded NO (low) were show as
follows).

Out of 70 respondents the majority 40(57.1%) of the respondent replied. DA`s have no interest to
mobilize community to engage them in public work 10(4.286%) of them were responded DA`s
were not familiar with which supporting practices and the rest 20(28.7%) of them respondent
that they have another reason.

Therefore, based on the above information were one can deduce that DA`s have no natural
resource conservation practice.

According to the data displayed in above table (table 5) 72(90%) of respondent replied that they
have low or no interest for participating in natural resource conservation activities. 6(7.5%) of
the responded that they were have medium interest and the rest 2(2.5%) of household responded
that they have higher interest in participating community works, form this one clearly some that
the community members have no interest in natural resources conservation activities.

The reason for those respondent “low” in discussed as follows according to the item no I of the
above table (5), the reason for 30(41.7%) of responded is lock interest, for 30(41.7%) of them of
awareness, for 5(6.94%) of the respondents is lock time while reason for the rest 7(9.7%) were
responded there is no community work in natural resource conservation. Therefore, the

19
community members have no (very) low interest in community work to conserve their resource
including forests, soil and wildlife.

According to information (data) displayed in above table (table 6) 25(31.25%) of the respondent
were replied “Yes” that means the district agriculture administer atom initiation toward natural
resource conservation is good but the rest 55(68.75%) of households responded that the initiation
of district agricultural administrator toward natural resource conservation is not good.

Hence, this shows that motivation support of administrator of district agricultural administrator
office toward natural resource conservation including forest, wildlife and other in the kebele
unsatisfactory or below expected extent.

In the first item of the above (table 7), it is indicated that out of 80 household (20%) of them did
not own land.

The size of the land or land holding size for those who responded “Yes” is discussed as follows
out of 64 house hold who have own lands. 20(31.25%) of respondents (2-3) timed land,
24(37.5%) of household owned (4-6) timed of land size and the 20(31.25%) of households
owned (7 and above) timed of land size. This means that most of household own fragmented
land size and 16(20%) out of 80 household have no land owned at all.

Thus, from the above information, it is clear that in the community the demand of owing
farmland is high and is surely forces the community members those do not own land to clear and
distract sore – boye forest and surrounding forest to answer the question of job lessness and land
owing demand.

According to the above (table 7.2) above of item number one, the majority (i,e.) 56(70%) of
respondents own-livestock and or poultry specially hens and chicken while the rest 24(30%) of
respondents answered that they have no livestock and/or poultry. This indicates that most them
have livestock and poultry and as it is indicated in the above table item number 2, out of 65
households the majority 20(35.7%) of respondents owned poultry, 10(17.80%) of them own
oxen and goats 4(7.14%) of them owned cows, calves, 6(10.7%) of them were owned sheep and
the rest 2(3.6) of them were owned heifer for almost all of them were used livestock for purpose
of selling as can be seen from table, the productivity of livestock and poultry is unsatisfactory.

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According item number 3 of table above the alternative meals of income is highly connected
with destruction of forest that lead to forest degradation and migration of wild animals. That
means out of 24 household 10(41.7%) of them were generate their income from selling charcoal,
6(25%) of the were generate their income by selling fuel wood, 4(16.7%) of them generate
income from selling grass and the reset 4(16.7%) generate their income from food for work and
migrant worker from the information indicated in the above table one can clearly see that the
economic background of the community is directly related to forest degradation (i.e.) it is sure
that joblessness lead destructing forest.

According the about 8.1 of item number 1, half of the respondent replied that they participate in
off/Non-form activity while the rest 40(50%) of them one not and as it is indicated in the above
table item number two (2) from who responded “Yes” out of 40 household 25%(10) of them
were involved in selling wood and charcoal. 10(25%) of them were selling grain and livestock,
5(12%) of them were involved in food for work.

As indicated in the above (table 8.2) item number 1, 68(85%) of them respondents participate in
community work to keep their environment while 12(15%) of respondent do not involve in
community work.

According item number 2 of table above, out of 60 respondents who involved (participate) in
community work on environmental issue, only 8(11.8%) of them were involved in planting tree
in communal land activity, 10(14.7%) of them were involved in soil and water conservation
activity and the majority out of 68 respondents 50(73.53%) were involved in other activities that
not mentioned.

This shows that the community gave very negligible consideration to the environmental issue as
indicated above for planting tree in communal land soil and water conservation. From the
response of DA`s item number 1 of table above, 3(75%) DA`s are male.

As it is displayed in item number 2, 2(50%) of DA`s diploma holder, 1(25%)of DA’s degree
holder and the rest/DA`s indicated certificate thus, it is clear that all of show were qualified
enough to support the former and the kebele. Item number 3 shows that 2(50%) of DA`s are
around in the age or 20 – 30 years and 2(50%) of DA`s are in the age above 31 years old.

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Item number of shows that (25%) of them are around 1 – 2 experienced, 1(25%0 of DA`s is
around (3 – 5) years experienced 2(50%) of DA`s share an experience years around (6—12). On
the above information we can deduce that the age, qualification and work experience that DA`s
in checho kebele have is good to support the kebele well to search/ create awareness on the
environmental issue.

According item number 1 of table 10 above the majority of respondent replied that there is no
suitable condition while 1(25%) of them replied Yes hence, one can conclude from this no
awareness were created at all to the community on environmental issue or on how can they
conserve natural resource in their kebele from the second item of table above, the reason for
majority (i.e.) 2(50%) of them were lack of interest, for 1(25%) of DA is lack of time and the
reason for rest 1(25%) of DA was financial problem.

Depending on this it is possible to conclude that most of DA`s are not interested on even their
job they have no time to do so. Therefore, we can say that the DA`s in the study area are
contributing nothing for environmental issue especially on natural resource conservation
Observation (experiences).

From my study, I understood that consideration given for the conservation of natural resource is
very negligible and unsatisfactory in the case sore – boye forest and surroundings forest and
observed that people lack of awareness in forest degradation and its effect on wild animals
joblessness, demand for farmland and contributing for forest degradation and these have been
causing a serious damage on different species on wildlife, Biodiversity of on overall ecosystem
of the study area.

Therefore, believe that if the way community of locality treating their environment does not
improved, wildlife of the forest will disappear within short period time from this one can observe
that forest degradation have negative impact on wildlife.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

5. CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION and SUMMARY

This chapter mainly concern with summary, conclusion and recommendation based on the result
of the study.

5.1.Conclusion
The main purpose of this study was to investigate and find out the impact of forest destruction on
wildlife in sore – boye forest.

In order to show (achieve) this goal the following basic question were raised.

1. Is there a suitable condition to create awareness among community in the locality on

forest degradation and its impact on ecosystem?

2. Do all community members involved (participate) in community work to care their

environment?
3. Do you think it is its is comfortable for different species of wildlife to live (exist) as
forest are grin gal degraded?
4. Is the community in the locality motivated to discuss on their environmental issue?

A total of 80 household and four (4) DA`s were in selected from Checho Kebele Hadero Tunto
Zuria District using simple random sampling technique.

To collect the relevant data for the study, questionnaires were distributed and personal
observation carried out.

Finally, the data was gathered and interpreted using frequency and percentage and descriptive
explanation carried out.

Based on the analysis and interpretation of data the following major findings were obtained:-

 No awareness-creating program was prepared to the community on environmental issue.

 DAS in the locality to support agriculture activities there, were not motivated and
interested of do so.

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  Attitude and consideration of community, DA`S and district agricultural office towards
forest degradation and its impact on wildlife is negligible.
 The main energy source of the locality is fuel wood and charcoal of this forest destruction
accounts 65%.
 Due to the above lesson others that were mentioned, the forest of Boha maintain is
getting degraded time to time.
 Years ago there were a number of wild life species in sore – boYe forests. But now a day,
only a few number of species were left these one hyena, pigs, monkey, ape`s and the
likes.
 Forest degradation has a negation impact an ecosystem or the environment including wild
animals.

5.2. Recommendation
Based on the major findings and conclusion the f/f recommendation was for awarded by the
student researcher.

 The district agricultural office required to hand community members who settle nearby to
sore-boye forest in diplomatic manners and should create awareness on the impact of
forest degradation on wild life and overall agricultural productivity and play significant
role in encouraging development agents to work hard on environmental issues.
 It is important a concerning bodies make on an attempt to design and introduce programs
on forest, soil and land conservation to create awareness in such ways that the community
in the locality Benefits and keep their environment
 The district agricultural office must make close and careful follows up on the DAS is
mandatory to motivate development agents (DA’S) assigned in the kebele in order to
attain the desire goal on wild life conservation and environmental care
 DA’S are primary determinant in shaping and molding community members of the
locality on wild life conservation.
If they work cooperatively and closely with influential persons and religion larders by
showing sincerity, concern and positive expectation.
 Shaping and molding process must be continued and well organized

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5.3. Summary
This research was conducted in SNNPR KambataTembero Zone Hadero Tunto Zuria district
Sore Boye forest of checho kebele to show that the impact of forest gradation on wild animals
and to give/forwarded recommendation

To perform this study effectively from total population on settled around the forest (120)
household. It was selected only 80-house hold through simple random sampling technique. To
gather more information to the study-four DA’S were selected by available sampling techniques.
Questionnaires, personal observation and interview where the tools used to gather data for study.
The data collected by the above method were organized in tabular form As result. It is found that
forest degradation have negative impact on wild animals. Finally, the impact of forest degradation
on wild animals in sore- boye forest was identified and recommendations were suggested.

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REFERENCE

Althouse, 1993 to identify factors that affect the wild animal by the reason of impact forest
degration.

FAO (2010). Global forest residual assessment 2010.

FAO 2001, 2006; change with the forest, which negatively affected the sericulture or function
of forest

GloashowGloboa, 2001 uses of wild life

Hill man, J .D (1993 a.b) .Ethiopia compendium wild life conservation.

Hillwan 1993 A, B total Area of Ethiopia wild life conservation.

Hitti/ WWW. ehoe. Comeliness). Soil Erosion and cause of soil Erosion.

Hittpi // www. Ehow com/ info 8333738 effects. Forest degradation ecosystem html #
ixzz2yxz.822hex.

UNED/CBD (2001); Report on forest degradation and its impacts of forest degradation.

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 Appendix

Questionnaires prepared for households.

The main objectives of question area together relevant information from population section 1.

Alternatives
Yes No
Do you own land?
If “no” what is your alternative means of
income?
Do you live stock
If “yes” total land size in timed
Do you participating in community work?
Is there suitable condition to shapes and
mold community toward environmental
issues?
Are you interested in craving anamnesis
among the community?

Section two

In which of community activity Planting tree Soil and - Other

do you participate regularly? in communal water
land conservatio
n
What is your main energy Petroleum Eucalyptus Forest wood Charcoal
source?
How much livestock do you One Two Four Five
have?
What purpose do you use them? Drought Meat Sell Transportation
/milk power section
How about the interest of Low medium high -
community of the locally
toward environmental are
spatially forest, soil and water
conservation
If “low” what would be the justify it …… …. -
reason?

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