Examples Based on 1 – Phase Induction Motor

Prepared By
Prof. K. R. Gajjar
Asst. Professor
Electrical (A S & H) Dept.,

ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION

(3152001)

SAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(113)
AHMEDABAD
• The name plate of a single phase, 4 pole I.M shows the following data:
Rated output power = 1 HP, Rated Voltage = 230 V, Frequency = 50 Hz
Rated Current = 5.5 A, Power factor = 0.75, Speed = 1440 rpm
Calculate the motor efficiency and slip when it delivers rated power output.
• Given Data: P = 4
• Slip (s)
Po = 1 HP = 746 W
V = 230 V, f = 50 Hz 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁 1500 − 1440
𝑠= =
𝑁𝑠 1500
I = 5.5 A, Cos ϕ = 0.75
N = 1440 rpm ∴ 𝑠 = 0.04 = 4 %
• Input power 𝑃𝑖 = 𝑉𝐼 cos ∅
• Efficiency (η)
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 230 × 5.5 × 0.75
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 746
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 949 𝑊 𝜂= ∴ % 𝜂 = 949 ×100
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
• Synchronous speed
120𝑓 120 × 50 ∴ % η = 78.60 %
𝑁𝑠 = ∴ 𝑁𝑠 = ∴ 𝑁𝑠 = 1500 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑃 4
• A 200 W, 230 V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 1-ph I.M has the following equivalent circuit parameters
or constants: R1 = 10 Ω, X1 = X2’ = 14 Ω, R2’ = 11 Ω, Xm = 240 Ω,
Iron, friction and windage losses = 45 W, for a slip of 0.05 p.u. calculate (1) input current
(2) Power factor (3) Mechanical power developed (4) Shaft output power (5) Torque (6)
Efficiency
• Parameters
• Given Data: P=4
𝑅2′ 11
Po = 200 W = = 110 Ω
2𝑠 2(0.05)
V = 230 V
𝑅2′ 11
f = 50 Hz = = 2.82 Ω
2(2 − 𝑠) 2(2−0.05)
R1 = 10 Ω
X1 = X2’ = 14 Ω, 𝑋2′ 14
= =7Ω
R2’ = 11 Ω, 2 2
Xm = 240 Ω, 𝑋𝑚 240
= = 120 Ω
Iron, Friction & Windage loss = 45 W 2 2
S = 0.05
• An equivalent impedance of forward running rotor
120 × 110.2 ∠ (90𝑜 + 3.64𝑜)
𝑋𝑚 𝑅2′ 𝑋2′ ∴ 𝑍𝑓 =
𝑍𝑓 = 𝑗 ∥ +𝑗 168 ∠ 49.10𝑜
2 2𝑠 2
13224 ∠ 93.64𝑜
𝑋𝑚 𝑅2′ 𝑋2′ ∴ 𝑍𝑓 =
𝑗 2 2𝑠 + 𝑗 2 168 ∠ 49.10𝑜
∴ 𝑍𝑓 = ′ 13224
𝑅2 𝑋𝑚 𝑋2′
∴ 𝑍𝑓 = ∠ (93.64𝑜 − 49.10𝑜)
2𝑠 + 𝑗 2 + 2 168

𝑗120 110 + 𝑗 7 ∴ 𝑍𝑓 = 78.7 ∠ 44.54𝑜 = 56 + 𝐽 55.2 Ω

∴ 𝑍𝑓 =
110 + 𝑗 (7 + 120 )

𝑗120 110 + 𝑗 7
∴ 𝑍𝑓 =
110 + 𝑗 (127 )

120 ∠ 90𝑜 110.2 ∠ 3.64𝑜

∴ 𝑍𝑓 =
168 ∠ 49.10𝑜
• An equivalent impedance of backward running rotor
120 × 7.55 ∠ (90𝑜 + 68𝑜)
𝑋𝑚 𝑅2′ 𝑋2′ ∴ 𝑍𝑏 =
𝑍𝑏 = 𝑗 ∥ +𝑗 127.03 ∠ 88.72𝑜
2 2(2 − 𝑠) 2
906 ∠ 158𝑜
𝑋𝑚 𝑅2′ 𝑋2′ ∴ 𝑍𝑏 =
𝑗 2 +𝑗 2 127.03 ∠ 88.72𝑜
2(2 − 𝑠)
∴ 𝑍𝑏 = 906
𝑅2′ 𝑋𝑚 𝑋2′
+𝑗 2 + 2 ∴ 𝑍𝑏 = ∠ (158𝑜 − 88.72𝑜)
2(2 − 𝑠) 127.03

𝑗120 2.82 + 𝑗 7 ∴ 𝑍𝑏 = 7.13 ∠ 69.28𝑜 = 2.52 + 𝐽 6.67 Ω

∴ 𝑍𝑏 =
2.82 + 𝑗 (7 + 120 )

𝑗120 2.82 + 𝑗 7
∴ 𝑍𝑏 =
2.82 + 𝑗 (127 )

120 ∠ 90𝑜 7.55 ∠ 68𝑜

∴ 𝑍𝑏 =
127.03 ∠ 88.72𝑜
• Impedance of stator winding • Mechanical power developed by motor
2
𝑍1 = 𝑅1 + 𝑗 𝑋1 = 10 + 𝑗 14 Ω 𝑃𝑚 = 𝐼𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑓 − 𝑅𝑏 (1 − 𝑠)

∴ 𝑃𝑚 = 2.255 2 56 − 2.52 (1 − 0.05)

• Total Impedance ∴ 𝑃𝑚 = 258 𝑊
𝑍𝑒𝑞 = 𝑍1 + 𝑍𝑓 + 𝑍𝑏
• Shaft output power (Net Power output)
= 10 + 𝑗 14 + 56 + 𝐽 55.2 + 2.52 + 𝐽 6.67
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑃𝑚 − Losses = 258 − 45 = 213 𝑊
= 69.52 + 𝑗 75.87 = 102 ∠ 47.91𝑜 Ω
• Torque
• Input current 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑇𝑠ℎ = N -m
2𝜋𝑁𝑟
𝑉 230∠ 0𝑜
𝐼𝑖𝑛 = = 𝑜
= 2.255 ∠ − 47.91𝑜 A
𝑍𝑒𝑞 102 ∠ 47.91
120 × 50
𝑁𝑠 = = 1500 𝑟𝑝𝑚 = 25 𝑟𝑝𝑠
• Power Factor 4

cos ∅ = cos(−47.91) = 0.67 (𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔) 𝑁𝑟 = 𝑁𝑠 (1 − s) = 25 (1 − 0.05) = 23.75 𝑟𝑝𝑠

• Torque
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑇𝑠ℎ =
2𝜋𝑁𝑟
213
𝑇𝑠ℎ =
2𝜋 × 23.75
𝑇𝑠ℎ = 1.427 N -m
• Input power 𝑃𝑖 = 𝑉𝐼 cos ∅
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 230 × 2.255 × 0.67
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 347.5 𝑊

• Efficiency (η)

𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 213
𝜂=
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
∴ % 𝜂 = 347.5 ×100 ∴ % η = 61.3 %
• A 230 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole 1-ph I.M has the following equivalent circuit parameters:
R1 = 2.5 Ω, X1 = X2’ = 3 Ω, R2’ = 4.5 Ω, Xm = 60 Ω, rotational losses = 35 W. For slip of
0.05 p.u, determine (a) Stator current (b) Power factor (c) Mechanical power developed
(d) Output power (e) shaft torque (f) Efficiency
Thanks for Watching

Prepared By: K. R. Gajjar