Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Textbook Atlas of Diagnostically Challenging Melanocytic Neoplasms 1St Edition Caterina Longo Ebook All Chapter PDF
Textbook Atlas of Diagnostically Challenging Melanocytic Neoplasms 1St Edition Caterina Longo Ebook All Chapter PDF
https://textbookfull.com/product/diagnosing-the-less-common-skin-
tumors-clinical-appearance-and-dermoscopy-correlation-1st-
edition-caterina-longo/
https://textbookfull.com/product/pathology-of-testicular-and-
penile-neoplasms-1st-edition-maurizio-colecchia-eds/
https://textbookfull.com/product/the-physics-of-cancer-1st-
edition-caterina-a-m-la-porta/
https://textbookfull.com/product/hitler-and-the-habsburgs-the-
fuhrer-s-vendetta-against-the-austrian-royals-first-diversion-
books-edition-james-longo-longo/
Materials for Chemical Sensing 1st Edition Thiago Regis
Longo Cesar Paixão
https://textbookfull.com/product/materials-for-chemical-
sensing-1st-edition-thiago-regis-longo-cesar-paixao/
https://textbookfull.com/product/harrisons-hematology-and-
oncology-3rd-edition-dan-l-longo/
https://textbookfull.com/product/plasma-cell-neoplasms-a-
morphologic-cytogenetic-and-immunophenotypic-approach-1st-
edition-michael-a-linden/
https://textbookfull.com/product/memory-forgetting-and-the-
moving-image-1st-edition-caterina-albano-auth/
https://textbookfull.com/product/wyvern-academy-path-of-
ascension-v-1st-edition-atlas-kane-grayson-sinclair-kane-atlas/
Atlas of Diagnostically
Challenging
Melanocytic Neoplasms
Caterina Longo
Giuseppe Argenziano
Aimilios Lallas
Elvira Moscarella
Simonetta Piana
123
Atlas of Diagnostically Challenging
Melanocytic Neoplasms
Caterina Longo • Giuseppe Argenziano
Aimilios Lallas • Elvira Moscarella
Simonetta Piana
Atlas of Diagnostically
Challenging Melanocytic
Neoplasms
Caterina Longo Giuseppe Argenziano
Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit Dermatology Unit
Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS University of Campania
Department of Dermatology Naples
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Italy
Reggio Emilia
Italy Elvira Moscarella
Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit
Aimilios Lallas Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS
First Department of Dermatology Reggio Emilia
Aristotle University Italy
Thessaloniki
Greece
Simonetta Piana
Pathology Unit
Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS
Reggio Emilia
Italy
v
Contents
vii
viii Contents
The sentence “we are born and we will die with- scopic follow-up suggest that these melanomas
out nevi” summarizes one of the key components belong to a group of slow-growing tumors, which
of the diagnosis of atypical lesions in the elderly. may grow in situ for several years. Their histo-
Epidemiologic data demonstrate that the nevus logic diagnosis can be very difficult as they are
count and prevailing nevus patterns are strongly cytologically bland and show scant epidermotro-
influenced by age. Notably, nevus count increases pism and very little atypia. In the early phases,
from childhood to midlife and decreases thereaf- only a numerical increase of the melanocytes,
ter. In light of these findings, if evolving nevi in scattered along the basal epidermis, can be noted.
adolescence are an expected finding and there- The alternation of single cells and irregular nests,
fore do not require further interventions, a mela- with skip areas, usually within a sun-damaged
nocytic skin lesion showing signs of growth in skin, is an important histological clue for a diag-
the elderly should raise the index for malignancy. nosis of early in situ melanoma.
Furthermore, any flat acquired melanocytic What is a common finding in this age group is
lesion in this age should be considered with cau- the presence of several benign non-melanocytic
tion since the majority of lesions in the elderly skin lesions such as seborrheic keratosis, angio-
are persistent intradermal nevi (congenital type). mas, or solar lentigos. Thus, the clues to identify
Firstly termed as atypical lentiginous junctional flat melanomas are the following: solitary flat
melanocytic proliferations, indeed they are pigmented lesions, large size, with network and
regarded nowadays as melanomas. regression on dermoscopy. Conversely, the pres-
Clinically, these atypical lentiginous junc- ence of rough surface, comedo-like openings,
tional melanocytic proliferations of the elderly fingerprinting, and red lacunae should be
are commonly located on the upper back, shoul- regarded as benign clues. However, the recogni-
ders, or extremities. They are solitary, often tion of incipient melanomas should always be
large (>8 mm), ill-defined macules with differ- based on clinical data, patient’s phenotype, and
ent shades of black, brown, and gray. history.
Dermoscopically, these lesions are typified by a This section depicts the clinical and dermo-
more or less atypical pigmented network, diffuse scopic features of common and problematic
structureless brown pigmentation, and areas of melanocytic tumors in the elderly while trying to
regression. Studies employing digital dermo- provide clues and rules for the correct diagnosis.
Fig. 1.3
Dermoscopically the
lesion was typified by
the presence of atypical
pigmented network, with
the presence of wider
skin markings
4 1 Flat Solitary Pigmented Lesions in the Elderly
Fig. 1.7
Dermoscopically, the
lesion displayed a
reticular pattern.
However, the network
was not distributed
symmetrically all over
the surface of the lesion,
a large part of which
was hypopigmented. A
few white lines and gray
dots were also present
Fig. 1.25 On a
background of severe
sun-induced elastosis, a
thin, continuous
melanocytic proliferation
with mild cytological
atypia is present
In patients with multiple nevi, management goals accuracy, even with the use of dermoscopy by expe-
include early diagnosis of melanoma while rienced dermatologists.
avoiding unnecessary excisions of benign lesions. For such cases, a dermoscopic comparative
Dealing with patients with multiple melano- approach was postulated. It is well-known that
cytic lesions, the clinical information should one or two predominant dermoscopic patterns can
include the patient’s age, skin photo-type, body be found in patients with multiple nevi. According
location, changes, and genetic background. to this concept, the key point in the examination of
In the physical examination of patient lesions, individuals with multiple nevi is the identification
a comparative analysis approach is advocated to of their predominant nevus pattern (defined as the
detect an ugly duckling lesion. According to this pattern observed in more than 30% of all melano-
strategy, melanocytic lesions in patients tend to cytic lesions), which then allows the recognition
follow a predominant pattern of colors and size. of atypical lesions that deviate from this pattern.
The ugly duckling lesion differs from other An additional consideration in patients with
patient lesions. This strategy has been postulated high risk for melanoma is that the predominant
as more efficient for the detection of melanoma nevus pattern of patients with melanoma seems
in patients with multiple nevi with respect to the to differ from that of the healthy population.
analytical approach of the ABCD (asymmetry, In recent studies, a dermoscopic complex or
border irregularity, color variegation, diameter multicomponent pattern (defined in melanocytic
greater than 6 mm) rule. lesions exhibiting both network and globules,
However, the ugly duckling sign is not always with or without structureless areas) was found
sufficient to discriminate an early melanoma in significantly more frequently in melanoma
the context of patients with many atypical look- patients than in controls, who usually have nevi
ing nevi. In fact, melanoma in these patients may with uniform dermoscopic patterns (i.e., reticular
be similar to other lesions, and the correlation of pattern). As a general rule, individuals with mul-
the clinical atypia with histopathologic atypia or tiple nevi may benefit from closer surveillance
even melanoma is extremely low. with dermoscopic digital monitoring compared
In patients with multiple atypical nevi, early to individuals with few nevi or with melanocytic
melanomas cannot always be distinguished with lesions exhibiting uniform patterns.
Fig. 2.3
Dermoscopically, the
lesion was characterized
by uneven distribution
of pigmentation,
irregularly arranged
brown globules, a few
blue-gray globules in the
center, and tan
structureless areas at the
periphery
22 2 Melanocytic Atypical Lesions in Patients with Multiple Nevi
Se tulikin!
Hän, pilkattu, jolle jokainen tyttö käänsi selkänsä, hän voi nyt
käsikädessä mennä tanssiin kaunokaisista kauneimman kanssa.
Herra Lorenz Ratolla oli kolme tytärtä, joista vanhin oli Lotta,
"valakaksi" haukuttu, koska hänen hiuksensa, kulmakarvansa ja
silmäripsensä oli vaaleat kuin valkein pellava. Aikaisemmin
haukuttiin häntä "kaniiniksi"; uuden pilkkanimen sai hän vasta siihen
aikaan, jolloin Martti uudessa kasteessa nimitettiin "papurikoksi".
Lotta sai vähemmän pilkkaa kärsiä kuin punatäplä-poskinen
sepänkisälli, kumminkin oli hän murheellisempi kuin Martti, koska
luonto oli hänet erittäin herkällä sydämellä siunannut tai — kironnut.
Hän voi, ensikerran kuultuaan tämän pilkkanimen, itkeä koko päivän.
Hän ei kuvitellut itselleen, että hyvä luontoäiti olisi antanut hänelle
kauneuden lahjoja; kuitenkaan ei se olisi häntä loukannut, jos hänet
olisi jätetty rauhaan. Kun kaikki häntä hylkivät, karttoi hän eläviä ja
pakeni kuolleiden asuntoon, villipensaikon ympyröimään
kirkkotarhaan, missä matalien hautakumpujen välissä kohosivat
akasiapuut, joiden varjossa hänen oli tapana kävellä. Hämärähetkinä
lauleli hän kaihomielisiä lauluja; kun syksy lähestyi, niin sitoi hän
akasian kirjavista kukista seppeleen ja koristi sillä sen haudan
puuristin, jossa hänen äitinsä lepäsi.
"Oi", valitteli hän usein huoaten, "miksi ei ole sydämeni tuon kukan
kaltainen! Kuihdu kuin tämä, sinuahan ei kukaan tarvitse! Ja
kuitenkin — miten voisin minä rakastaa!"
*****
Martti täytti kaksikolmatta vuotta, kun hänen enonsa kuoli; hän peri
pajan ja tuli mestariksi. Vaikkakaan ei vainajan ja hänen sisarensa
pojan välillä vallinnut mikään sydämellinen suhde, suri poika
kuitenkin vilpittömästi miehen kuolemaa, miehen, joka oli ollut hänen
ainoa hyväntekijänsä.
"Etkö mitään! — Toisinaanhan voit puhua niin paljon, ettei siitä tule
loppuakaan."
"Miksi et nyt?"
Papurikko ja valakka.
"Arvaas!"
"En voi arvata."
"Miksi en kuuntelisi?"
"Älä puhu yhä tuota, vaan sitä, mikä todella kuuluu tähän."
"Se on totta!"
"Minä?"
"Sinä!"
"Hahaha!"
"Hahaha!"
"Hukka minut periköön, jos olen puhunut pilaa", sanoi Martti, joka
oli selityksensä aikana noussut ylös ja käveli rauhatonna ympärinsä,
jääden äkkiä seisomaan.
"Mitä?"
*****
Voimakas kuin ruumiinsakin oli myös Martin sielu, tätä sai hän
kiittää siitä, että oli toipunut myrkystä, jota Julia Biro oli vuodattanut
hänen elonsa maljaan. Tosin valtasi hänet ensi päivinä
epäonnistuneen kosinnan jälkeen ollessaan työssä usein ajatus: eikö
olisi parempi, jos raudan sijasta asettaisit pääkallosi alasimelle ja
antaisit lyödä siihen raskaimmalla vasaralla? — Lyönti vaan ja —
kaikki olisi ohi!
"Oletteko jo lopussa?"
"Sen saat kyllä nähdä, tai paremmin sanottu, et saa nähdä, sillä
paiskaan tämän pullon kasvojasi vasten."
"Todellakin!"
"Kyllä!"
"Se ei ollut mikään uni, vaan kauhea todellisuus. — Kuka löi sinut
maahan?"
"Martti!"
"Laputa tiehesi!"
"Älähän toki itke! Eihän ollut tarkoitus niin paha. Enhän tiedä
oikein mitä puhunkaan. Tulehan, ole hyvä, auta minua jaloilleni."
Martti toipui…
"Mutta ethän toki saa tuolla tavoin juosta pois. Vai onko sinullakin
ikävä minun luonani?"
"Eihän toki! — Mutta —"
"Muuten vaan!"
"Miksi?"