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Children’s
Illustrated
Thesaurus
 DK UK
Senior Editor Fleur Star
Senior Art Editor Sheila Collins
Editorial Team Tom Booth, Jessica Cawthra,
Anna Fischel, Niki Foreman, Victoria Pyke
Design Assistant Kit Lane
Creative Technical Support Tommy Callan
Illustrators Gus Scott, Edwood Burn
Senior Jacket Designer Mark Cavanagh
Jacket Design Development Manager Sophia MTT
Managing Editor Francesca Baines
Managing Art Editor Phil Letsu
Pre-production Jacqueline Street
Producer Gary Batchelor
Publisher Andrew Macintyre
Art Director Karen Self
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf

DK India
Senior Editor Anita Kakar
Project Art Editor Shreya Anand
Project Editor Antara Moitra
Art Editors Revati Anand, Heena Sharma
Assistant Art Editor Neetika Malik Jhingan
Jacket Art Editor Dhirendra Singh
Jackets Editorial Coordinator Priyanka Sharma
DTP Designers Vijay Kandwal, Dheeraj Singh
Picture Researcher Jayati Sood
Managing Jackets Editor Sreshtha Bhattacharya
Picture Research Manager Taiyaba Khatoon
Pre-production Manager Balwant Singh
Production Manager Pankaj Sharma
Senior Managing Editor Rohan Sinha
Managing Art Editor Govind Mittal

First published in Great Britain in 2017 by

Dorling Kindersley Limited
80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL

Based on an original text published by

HarperCollins Publishers.
Copyright © 2017 Dorling Kindersley Limited
Original text copyright © HarperCollins Publishers 2009
Revised text copyright © Dorling Kindersley Ltd 2017
A Penguin Random House Company
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–299573–April/2017

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is

available from the British Library

ISBN: 978–0–2412–8697–5

Printed in China

A WORLD OF IDEAS:
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW

www.dk.com
Children’s
Illustrated
Thesaurus
A
How to use this book Related words Entry
B The Children’s Illustrated Thesaurus is easy to use Words that relate
to the entry to expand your
This is the word
you want to find

C when you want to find a synonym to improve your writing. vocabulary even further
come at the end.
a synonym for.

Synonyms are words that can have the same meaning

D as other words – see page 6 for more information.

E Guideword abandon
F
The word on the
top left shows
you the first entry A about 1
preposition relating to or
abrupt 1
adjective sudden or unexpected

G
on the page. concerning » Laura was happy » They were surprised at the
B about her excellent exam results. teacher’s abrupt departure.
concerning, on, regarding, sudden, unexpected,

H C relating to unforeseen, precipitate,

unanticipated

D about 2
abrupt 2
I E
adverb not exactly
» I think the film lasts about
one hour.
adjective unfriendly and
impolite » He was taken

J
almost, approximately, aback by her abrupt manner.
F abandon 1 ability
around, nearly, roughly curt, rude, short, terse,
brusque, unceremonious

G
verb to leave someone
K Synonym
or something » The
child abandoned its toy.
H desert, jilt, leave,
noun the skill needed to do antonym: polite
above 1
something » Sheila has the
ability to get on with others.
preposition over or higher than
something » The bird flew absent
capability, competence,
above the clouds. adjective not present

L Alternative words
you can use
I
leave behind, forsake,
leave in the lurch
expertise, skill, talent,
aptitude, dexterity,
proficiency
higher than, over
antonym: below
» Hugo was absent from
school yesterday so
instead of the related words: prefixes super-, missed the mock test.

M
antonym: inability
entry word are
shown in bold. J supra-, sur- away, elsewhere,
gone, missing
able antonym: present

N K adjective good at doing

something » Luca proved
absent-minded
L The child abandoned its toy.
himself to be an able
adjective forgetful or not

O
teacher when all his pupils
paying attention » Nora’s
passed the exam.

Definition M abandon 2
noun lack of restraint
accomplished, capable,
efficient, expert, first-rate,
absent-minded father left
the camera under the seat.

P
distracted, forgetful,
» Raj began to laugh
What the
word means.
N with abandon.
skilled, talented,
competent, proficient
The bird flew above the clouds. random (New Zealand),
inattentive
recklessness, wildness

Q O antonym: control
abolish above 2
preposition greater than absolute 1
verb to do away with something
P abate » The children wanted
a certain level or amount
» The number of visitors
adjective total and complete
» I can’t understand him,
R Example
sentence Q
verb to become less
» The four-day flood abated
and the road became visible.
to abolish the school’s
homework policy.
annul, do away with,
will rise above the 100 mark.
beyond, exceeding
he is talking absolute nonsense.
complete, downright, pure,
sheer, thorough, total, utter,

S Helping you find

the right word R
decrease, diminish, ebb,
lessen, subside, wane
overturn, put an end to,
quash, rescind, revoke
unmitigated, unqualified

by putting it
S
T in context.
accommodation digs penthouse
T noun a house or room for living in
(Britain; informal) I live in the

U U
» What kind of accommodation are you staying in? The actors stayed in digs
as they toured the country.
penthouse on
the top-floor.

V V house mobile home

bungalow Each house has A static caravan or a
W its own garden.
W A bungalow has only mobile home is more
one floor. affordable than a house.

X
X Y
Y Z
Z 8

4

Entry
number
If there is more
than one sense
of the word,
each one has a
separate entry.
absolute 2
adjective having total power
» Louis XIV of France was
an absolute monarch and
had complete authority
on all state matters.
dictatorial, supreme,
tyrannical
absorb
verb to soak up or take
in something » A sponge
can absorb a lot of water.
digest, soak up, take in
abstain
verb to choose not to do
something » Vegetarians
abstain from eating meat.
avoid, deny yourself, forgo,
give up, refrain, desist,
forbear, renounce
absurd
adjective ridiculous
or nonsensical » The
film’s plot was absurd,
I couldn't make sense of it.
crazy (informal), illogical,
ludicrous, nonsensical,
ridiculous, incongruous,
preposterous
abundance
noun a great amount
of something
» There is an abundance
of wildlife in the rainforest.
affluence, bounty, plenty,
cornucopia, plethora
antonym: shortage
flats
How many flats are
in the block?
studio
He lives in a
one-room studio.
yellow
noun or adjective
a
Part of speech More Shades of Shades of yellow:
For example, noun,
verb, or adjective.
synonyms
Shown in grey,
Instead of a definition,
colour entries have
amber, canary yellow, b
citrus yellow, daffodil, gold,
c
See page 7 for these are slightly a list of shades.
lemon, mustard, primrose,
more about parts more complicated
of speech. or advanced saffron, sand, straw, topaz
Guideword
synonyms.
The word on the top right shows
you the last entry on the page.
d
accompany
e
abusive acceptable a Alphabet
bars
f
g
adjective rude and unkind adjective good enough
» Don’t use abusive language to be accepted
when speaking to people, it will » His messy handwriting b The highlighted
letter shows you
offend them. was not acceptable.
which section
c
h
disparaging, insulting, adequate, all right, fair,
offensive, rude, scathing, good enough, passable, you’re in.
censorious, vituperative satisfactory, tolerable
d
There was an abundant supply
of cakes at the party. abyss
noun a very deep hole
accidental
adjective happening by chance e i
» »
abundant
adjective present in large
He peered over the edge
of the abyss.
chasm, fissure, gorge,
The fire was accidental.
casual, chance,
inadvertent, random
f j
quantities » There was Antonym
pit, void antonym: deliberate
g
k
an abundant supply of
cakes at the party. A word that
accommodate means the
h
ample, copious,
full, plentiful verb to provide someone with opposite to
antonym: scarce a place to stay » A hotel was
built to accommodate guests i
the entry.
l
for weddings.
abuse 1
noun cruel treatment
of someone » Animal
house, put up, shelter
j m
accommodating
k n
abuse is rightly illegal. He peered over the edge
exploitation, harm, hurt, of the abyss. adjective willing to help » The
ill-treatment, oppression waiter was very accommodating
accelerate and found us a new table. l
abuse 2
noun unkind remarks directed
verb to go faster » The car
accelerated to reach the
considerate, helpful,
hospitable, kind, obliging
m o
towards someone » The
p
higher speed limit.
cyclist shouted abuse at hurry, quicken, speed up accommodation n
the man driving dangerously. antonym: decelerate noun a house or room
censure, derision, for living in
insults, invective
accept ▼ SEE BELOW o ▼, ▲, ◀◀, ▶▶
See below/above/
q
abuse 3
verb to receive or agree
to something » Lucas accompany 1 p left/right: Look at
verb to speak insultingly to
someone » The fans verbally
accepted the party invitation.
acknowledge,
verb to go somewhere with
someone » Children must q
the big illustration
for this entry. r
abused the rival football team. agree to, concur with, be accompanied by an adult.
s
curse, insult, scold, consent to, take conduct (formal), escort,
slate (Britain; informal) antonym: refuse go with, usher r Usage
s
housing lodgings mansion
Shows when
and how some t
t synonyms are used.
u
This housing The student lodgings The mansion has
needed decorating. seven bedrooms.
is perfect
for families. u
apartment
My apartment has v Example v
a concierge service. sentence
w These show
w
maisonette each synonym
x in a sentence.
A maisonette is a flat
with its own front door
to the street. y x
z y
9
z
5
A Why use a thesaurus?
B The main reason for using a thesaurus is to
find synonyms, or alternative words, to help
C you with your writing. In addition, this
D thesaurus will identify what kind of word
(part of speech) it is and provide helpful
definitions and examples. It will also give
antonyms, or words that mean the opposite
to the one you look up, wherever possible.

E
What is a synonym?
F A synonym is a word that means the same – or almost depending on how you use it. Usually, however,
the same – as another word, for example “little” and synonyms have little differences in meaning that
G “small”. Most of the time, there is no such thing as make one word more suitable to use than another.

H athing,
true synonym. If two words mean exactly the same For example, “little girl” usually means a young girl,
then why bother having both? Rather, a synonym but a “small girl” suggests she is not big in size.

I can or could mean the same thing as another word

J
K
L
M The little girl is the young girl The small girl is the short girl

N This puppy could be described as little or small. on the right. on the left.

O Improve your vocabulary What is an antonym?

P Synonyms can help you improve your writing by using
more interesting words. For example, instead of
An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another
word, for example “big” is an antonym of “small”.
Q putting “she said” in a story, using “she shouted” can
tell the reader that she might be angry or in a noisy A small frog

R room. It is also much more interesting to use and read

a variety of words than writing “she said” all the time!
S
A big elephant
T
U He said
She shouted

V
W
X
Y
Z
6
Parts of speech Verb a
An action (or “doing word”). These include any sort
To help you find the right entry in the thesaurus,
it can help to know the type of word (or “part of
of action – such as run, breathe, and sleep – and also
“helping” verbs, which may be used with other verbs
b
speech”) you’re looking up. Some words can be used
in different ways, such as “bend” – this can be a verb
to show how possible or necessary an action is. c
These include: have, will, be, must, may, and do.
(to bend over) or a noun (a bend in the river). Here are
the main parts of speech and how they fit together.
For example, he must run to catch the bus; she will d
come to the party.
e
f
g
John ran to catch the bus. h
Grace bent over to pick a flower. The river has many bends. Adverb i
A word that gives more information about a verb,
adjective, or another adverb. These often end in “ly”,
j
Noun
An object, person, or place. A noun doesn’t have to be such as quietly and helpfully, but don’t have to –
today, very, and forwards are all adverbs.
k
a visible thing – “fact” and “history” are also nouns.
Things with a name (such as a country or a person) l
are known as proper nouns.
m
Adjective n
A describing word, such
as green, big, or old. Adjectives
are used to describe nouns.
o
Pat arrived at exactly 5 o'clock. The dog leapt high in the air.
p
Preposition Interjection q
A word that shows how A word that can be used
one noun (person or
thing) relates to another,
on its own without a full
sentence, such as “ouch”
r
The fairground has bright Lei wrinkled her nose when
such as “in”, “with”, and “hello”. s
lights and fun rides. she tasted the bitter lemon. and “in spite of”.
t
Sentence formation
This is how the parts of speech fit together in a sentence. u
interjection (proper)
noun adjective
v
verb verb
w
“Oh!” whispered Chloe, spotting a small
x
owl sitting quietly on the hedge.
y
noun
verb adverb
preposition
noun z
7
 abandon
A about 1
preposition relating to or
abrupt 1
adjective sudden or unexpected
concerning » Laura was happy » They were surprised at the
B about her excellent exam results. teacher’s abrupt departure.
concerning, on, regarding, sudden, unexpected,
C relating to unforeseen, precipitate,
unanticipated

D about 2
adverb not exactly abrupt 2
» I think the film lasts about adjective unfriendly and
E one hour. impolite » He was taken
almost, approximately, aback by her abrupt manner.
F abandon 1 ability
around, nearly, roughly curt, rude, short, terse,
brusque, unceremonious

G
verb to leave someone
or something » The
child abandoned its toy.
H desert, jilt, leave,
leave behind, forsake,
I leave in the lurch
J supra-, sur-
K adjective good at doing
L The child abandoned its toy.
M abandon 2
noun lack of restraint
» Raj began to laugh
N with abandon.
recklessness, wildness
O antonym: control
P abate
verb to become less
Q » The four-day flood abated
and the road became visible.
decrease, diminish, ebb,
R lessen, subside, wane
noun the skill needed to do antonym: polite
something » Sheila has the
above 1
preposition over or higher than
ability to get on with others.
something » The bird flew absent
capability, competence,
expertise, skill, talent,
above the clouds. adjective not present
higher than, over » Hugo was absent from
aptitude, dexterity,
proficiency
antonym: below
related words: prefixes super-,
school yesterday so
missed the mock test.
antonym: inability
away, elsewhere,
gone, missing
able antonym: present
something » Luca proved
absentminded
himself to be an able
teacher when all his pupils
adjective forgetful or not
paying attention » Nora’s
passed the exam.
accomplished, capable,
efficient, expert, first-rate,
absentminded father left
the camera under the seat.
distracted, forgetful,
skilled, talented,
competent, proficient
The bird flew above the clouds. random (New Zealand),
inattentive
abolish above 2
preposition greater than absolute 1
verb to do away with something
» The children wanted
to abolish the school’s
a certain level or amount
» The number of visitors
adjective total and complete
» I can’t understand him,
will rise above the 100 mark. he is talking absolute nonsense.
homework policy.
annul, do away with,
beyond, exceeding complete, downright, pure,
sheer, thorough, total, utter,
overturn, put an end to,
quash, rescind, revoke
unmitigated, unqualified

S
accommodation digs penthouse
T noun a house or room for living in
(Britain; informal) I live in the
» What kind of accommodation are you staying in? The actors stayed in digs penthouse on
U as they toured the country. the top floor.

V house mobile home

bungalow Each house has A static caravan or a
W A bungalow has only
one floor.
its own garden. mobile home is more
affordable than a house.

X
Y
Z
8

absolute 2
adjective having total power
» Louis XIV of France was
an absolute monarch and
had complete authority
on all state matters.
dictatorial, supreme,
tyrannical
absorb
verb to soak up or take
in something » A sponge
can absorb a lot of water.
digest, soak up, take in
abstain
verb to choose not to do
something » Vegetarians
abstain from eating meat.
avoid, deny yourself, forgo,
give up, refrain, desist,
forbear, renounce
absurd
adjective ridiculous
or nonsensical » The
film’s plot was absurd,
I couldn't make sense of it.
crazy (informal), illogical,
ludicrous, nonsensical,
ridiculous, incongruous,
preposterous
abundance
noun a great amount
of something
» There is an abundance
of wildlife in the rainforest.
affluence, bounty, plenty,
cornucopia, plethora
antonym: shortage
flats
How many flats are
in the block?
studio
He lives in a
one-room studio.
accompany
abusive
adjective rude and unkind
acceptable
adjective good enough
a
» Don’t use abusive language to be accepted
when speaking to people, it will » His messy handwriting b
offend them. was not acceptable.
disparaging, insulting,
offensive, rude, scathing,
adequate, all right, fair,
good enough, passable,
c
censorious, vituperative satisfactory, tolerable
There was an abundant supply
d
abyss accidental
e
of cakes at the party.
noun a very deep hole adjective happening by chance
» He peered over the edge » The fire was accidental.
abundant
adjective present in large
of the abyss.
chasm, fissure, gorge,
casual, chance,
inadvertent, random
f
quantities » There was
an abundant supply of
pit, void antonym: deliberate
g
cakes at the party.
accommodate
h
ample, copious,
full, plentiful verb to provide someone with
antonym: scarce a place to stay » A hotel was
built to accommodate guests
for weddings.
i
abuse 1
noun cruel treatment
of someone » Animal
house, put up, shelter
j
accommodating
k
abuse is rightly illegal. He peered over the edge
exploitation, harm, hurt, of the abyss. adjective willing to help » The
ill-treatment, oppression waiter was very accommodating
accelerate and found us a new table.
considerate, helpful,
l
abuse 2 verb to go faster » The car
noun unkind remarks directed accelerated to reach the
hospitable, kind, obliging
m
towards someone » The higher speed limit.
cyclist shouted abuse at hurry, quicken, speed up accommodation n
the man driving dangerously. antonym: decelerate noun a house or room
censure, derision, for living in
insults, invective
accept ▼ SEE BELOW o
abuse 3
verb to receive or agree
to something » Lucas accompany 1 p
verb to speak insultingly to accepted the party invitation. verb to go somewhere with
someone » The fans verbally
abused the rival football team.
acknowledge,
agree to, concur with,
someone » Children must
be accompanied by an adult.
q
curse, insult, scold, consent to, take conduct (formal), escort,
slate (Britain; informal) antonym: refuse go with, usher r
s
housing lodgings mansion
This housing The student lodgings
needed decorating.
The mansion has t
is perfect seven bedrooms.
for families. u
apartment
My apartment has v
a concierge service.
w
maisonette x
A maisonette is a flat
with its own front door
to the street. y
z
9
 accompany
A
B act
C
2 verb to perform in a play or film
D Get ready to start
E
F I shallact out
G
H accompany 2
I verb to occur with something
» A cold is often accompanied
by a cough.
J come with,
go together with
K
accomplish
L verb to manage to do
something » The whole team
worked together to accomplish
M their goal.
achieve, bring about,
N complete, do, fulfil,
manage, effect,
execute, realize
O dog was an act of kindness.
accurate
P adjective correct to a detailed
level » Use a ruler to make
Q the drawing more accurate.
correct, exact, faithful,
precise, right, strict, true
R antonym: inaccurate
S accuse
verb to charge someone
T with doing something wrong
» Jack was accused of losing
the office keys again.
U blame, censure, charge,
cite, denounce, impeach,
V incriminate, indict
W accomplishment, deed,
X active 1
Y » I have recently acquired
Z Jack was accused of losing
the office keys again.
acting!
accustomed
adjective used to something
» Pupils become accustomed
to early morning starts
for school.
adapted, familiar, used
antonym: unaccustomed
achieve
verb to gain by hard work
or ability » She achieved
the highest marks in the
competition.
accomplish, carry out,
complete, do, fulfil, perform
She achieved the highest marks
in the competition.
achievement
noun something which
someone has succeeded in
doing » Finishing a marathon
is a huge achievement.
exploit, feat
acquire
verb to get something
a digital camera.
attain, gain, get, obtain,
pick up, procure, secure
10
But I want to perform that role!
the part of the king!
act 1 active 2
» The
verb to do something
referee acted correctly in giving
adjective busy and hardworking
» Parents were very active
a penalty on the bad tackle. in the school community.
function, operate,
perform, work
busy, engaged,
enthusiastic, hardworking,
industrious, involved,
occupied
act 2
verb to perform in a play
or film activity 1
▲ SEE ABOVE noun a situation in which
lots of things are happening
» There is an extraordinary
act 3
noun a single thing someone
does » Adopting the stray
level of activity in the school.
action, bustle,
energy, liveliness
accomplishment,
achievement, deed, activity 2
feat, undertaking noun something you do
for pleasure » The gym
action 1
noun the process of doing
offers sporting activities such
as running on the treadmill.
hobby, interest,
something » This letter
requires immediate action –
pastime, pursuit
please do not ignore it.
activity, operation,
process
action 2
noun something that is done
» He did not like his actions
questioned.
accomplishment,
achievement, deed, The gym offers sporting activities
exploit, feat such as running on the treadmill.
actual
adjective full of energy adjective real, rather than
» Andrea was always so imaginary or guessed at
active and fun to be around. » That is the estimate: the
energetic, lively, restless, actual figure is much higher.
sprightly, vivacious,
dynamic, indefatigable
authentic, genuine,
realistic, true, verified
 advance
a
I don't like the way you play him.
You're too young to
characterize
I'm perfect to b
portray
her well.
the lady. c
d
e
play the
I'd like to You're old enough to
f
part of the queen. personify
her grandmother.
g
acute 1 add 2 administer 1 admit 2 h
adjective severe or intense
» He suddenly had an acute
verb to combine numbers
or quantities » Add all the
verb to be responsible
for managing something
verb to allow to enter
» Pablo was admitted i
pain in his back. items together to find out how » It must be hard work to to the university.
critical, extreme,
grave, great, intense,
much you have bought.
add up, count up, total
administer a large company.
be in charge of, command,
accept, let in,
receive, take in
j
k
serious, severe antonym: subtract control, direct, manage, antonym: exclude
run, supervise
adult
administer 2 noun a grown-up person l
verb to inflict or impose » A family ticket covers two
2 something on someone adults and three children. m
» He administered strict grown-up, man, woman

6+
curfews on the boys.
carry out, deal, dispense,
antonym: child
n
execute, impose, inflict,
o
3+
perform, mete out
He suddenly had an acute pain
in his back.
admiration p
acute 2
adjective very intelligent
11 noun a feeling of great liking
and respect » I have q
always had the greatest
» She has an acute mind
admiration for her.
r
Add all the items together to find
and was always the best
out how much you have bought. appreciation, approval,
at problem-solving.
esteem, regard, respect
s
alert, astute, bright, keen,
perceptive, quick, sharp, addition A family ticket covers two adults
shrewd, discriminating, noun something that has been admire and three children.
discerning, perspicacious added to something else
» The showroom revealed
verb to like and respect
someone or something
t
» They admired him advance 1
adapt
verb to alter for a new use
recent additions to their
range of cars. for his work.
verb to move forward
or develop » The forces
u
increase, supplement, appreciate, look up to,
» The offices were adapted
v
advanced on the battlefield.
addendum, adjunct, respect, value,
for use as a library. make inroads, press on,
appendage esteem, venerate
adjust, alter, change, proceed, progress
convert, modify
adequate
antonym: scorn
w
admit 1 advance 2
add 1
verb to put something with
adjective enough in amount
or quality for a purpose verb to agree that something
noun progress in something
» Scientific advances help
x
something else » She added » Adequate protein is part of a is true » The driver admitted
more pages to the book.
balanced diet.
acceptable, ample, enough,
that he was lost.
accept, acknowledge,
us explore the Solar System
in ever greater detail. y
attach, augment, breakthrough,
supplement, adjoin,
affix, append
satisfactory, sufficient
antonym: insufficient
grant
antonym: deny
development, gain,
progress, step
z
11
 advantage
A advantage
noun a more favourable
position or state » Sara
B had the advantage of knowing
his favourite hiding place.
C ascendancy, benefit,
dominance, superiority
antonym: disadvantage
D advocate
advertise
E verb to present something
to the public in order to sell
F it » Printed bags are a good
way to advertise a shop.
G
plug (informal), promote,
publicize, push, blazon,
promulgate
H a reply, Carlos texted his best
advertisement
I noun a public announcement
to sell or publicize something
»
J Mia placed an advertisement
in the local newspaper.
ad (informal), advert (Britain;
K informal), banner ad,
commercial, notice,
L plug (informal)
M 7 million people have been
N act on, alter, change,
O affection
P Mia placed an advertisement
in the local newspaper.
Q advice
R noun a suggestion as to what
to do » Take my advice and
don't order the fish pie.
S counsel (formal), drum
(Australia; informal),
T guidance, opinion,
suggestion
U advise 1
verb to offer advice to someone
V » His friend advised him
to leave as soon as possible.
W caution, counsel,
recommend, suggest, urge,
commend, prescribe
X in expectation of,
advise 2
Y verb to notify someone
» I would like to advise you of
Z my decision to change courses.
inform, make known, notify
adviser
noun a person whose job
is to give advice » My mother
spent the day in meetings with
her advisers.
aide, consultant, guru,
mentor, tutor
verb to publicly support
a plan or course of action
» Tom advocates Mr Johnson
to be the new governor.
back, champion,
endorse, favour,
promote, recommend,
support, uphold
affair
noun an event or series
of events » The wedding
was a large affair.
business, event, issue,
matter, question,
situation, subject
affect
verb to influence something
or someone » More than
affected by the drought.
impinge on
noun a feeling of fondness for
someone or something » She
thought of him with affection.
attachment, fondness,
liking, love, warmth
antonym: dislike
affectionate
adjective full of fondness
for someone » Elsa gave
her dog an affectionate stroke.
caring, fond, loving, tender
antonym: cold
Elsa gave her dog
an affectionate stroke.
12
afraid
adjective scared of something
unpleasant happening
▶▶ SEE RIGHT
after
adverb at a later time
» After the main course,
you can choose a dessert.
afterwards, following,
later, subsequently
antonym: before
related word: prefix post-
again
adverb happening one more
time » When he didn't get
friend again.
afresh, anew, once more
against 1
preposition in opposition
to » We are against
the new building works.
averse to, hostile to,
in opposition to, versus
related words: prefixes anti-,
contra-, counter-
NO NO
We are against the new
building works.
against 2
preposition in preparation
for or in case of something
» When you go out, dress
well to protect yourselves
against the cold.
in anticipation of,
in preparation for
aggressive
adjective full of hostility
and violence » Hungry
sharks can be very aggressive.
hostile, quarrelsome,
belligerent, pugnacious
antonym: peaceful
agile
adjective able to move quickly
and easily » He is as agile
as a cat.
lithe, nimble, sprightly,
supple, limber,
lissom, lissome
antonym: clumsy
agitate 1
verb to campaign energetically
for something » The workers
had begun to agitate for better
conditions in the office.
campaign, demonstrate,
protest, push
agitate 2
verb to worry or distress
someone » Everything
she said agitated me.
bother, distress, disturb,
trouble, upset, worry,
discompose, faze, perturb
agree 1
verb to have the same opinion
as someone » They all agreed
to go bowling.
assent, be of the same
opinion, concur,
see eye to eye
antonym: disagree
agree 2
verb to match or be the same
as something » His statement
agrees with the facts given
by other witnesses.
accord, conform, match,
square, tally
agreeable 1
adjective pleasant or enjoyable
» I’ve just had the most
agreeable holiday, I want
to go back!
delightful, enjoyable, lovely,
nice, pleasant, pleasurable
antonym: disagreeable
 agreeable
a

afraid
adjective scared of something unpleasant
b
c
happening » The children felt afraid of the
house on top of the hill.
d
e
apprehensive
He felt apprehensive approaching the house
– there was something very strange about it. f
g
fearful
Anyone would be fearful h
near a haunted house,
it gives you goosebumps.
i
j
frightened
She was so frightened, she stood k
rooted to the spot.

l
m
nervous
Being nervous made her tremble
like a leaf. n
o
scared
He told her not to be scared,
p
although he was also shaking
in his boots. q
r
s
antonym:
t
unafraid
Walking towards the gloomy house,
u
she was surprised that she felt
completely unafraid. v
spooked w
They felt spooked – the haunted
house gave them the shivers. x
y
z
13
 agreeable

alike
A agreeable 2
adjective willing to allow
or do something » Pooja said
B she was agreeable to this plan.
game, happy, prepared,
C 1 adjective similar in some way
ready, willing,
amenable, compliant
»
D The snakes look so alike.
close agreement
A king snake is
cl
appearance to ose in noun a decision reached
E rp
atte
rns. a cora
l sna
ke.
by two or more people
sim
il a » The two countries have
F ar ha
ve signed agreements on fishing
and oil rights.
es
e s il

G
ak

arrangement, contract,
sim
n

deal (informal), pact,

es

settlement, treaty,
Th

H compact, covenant

I aim 1
verb to plan to do something
» The school aims to recruit
J three new teachers next year.
aspire, attempt, intend,
K plan, propose, strive

amaveethe same body shape

L s
e es h . aim 2
th snak noun what someone intends
to achieve » My main
M ll
A

aim is to be captain of
l
t icras are identica the hockey team.
N e n ulo
co different order.
l, ambition, goal, intention,
objective, plan, target
id

a
O
jus eir
n
Th
ti

alarm 1
P noun a feeling of fear
» The cat sprang back
in alarm.
Q anxiety, apprehension,
fright, nervousness,

R panic, scare,

le
consternation, trepidation
a b antonym: calm
S g u isht
indistin are almos other.
T The two s
nakes
a b l e from
ea c
h

sh
i n d is t i n gu i
U
V antonym:
W different
The butterflies are different

X
in colour and shape.

The cat sprang back in alarm.

Y
Z
14

alarm 2
noun a device used
to warn people of something
» The burglar alarm
woke up the whole street.
distress signal, siren,
warning
alarm 3
verb to fill with fear
» We could not see
what had alarmed him.
distress, frighten, panic,
scare, startle, unnerve
antonym: calm
alert 1
adjective paying full attention
» The alert guard caught
the shoplifter red-handed.
attentive, observant,
on guard, vigilant, wary
antonym: unaware
alert 2
verb to warn of danger
» The swimmers alerted
the passer-by that they
needed help.
forewarn, inform, notify,
warn
The swimmers alerted the
passer-by that they needed help.
alike 1
adjective similar in some way
◀◀ SEE LEFT
alike 2
adverb in a similar way
» All the children taking part
in the parade were dressed
alike – it was hard to tell
them apart.
equally, in the same way,
similarly, uniformly
amount
alive 1
adjective having life
all right
adjective acceptable » It was
a
» Doctors worked around the all right but nothing special.
clock to keep the patient alive. acceptable, adequate, b
animate, breathing, living average, fair,
antonym: dead okay or OK (informal) c
alive 2
adjective lively and active
almost
adverb very nearly
d
» » The number of children in
After jogging up the hill,
Liam felt alive with energy. a class has almost doubled e
active, alert, animated, in less than a decade. Kirsten surfed the most
energetic, full of life,
lively, vivacious
about, approximately,
close to, nearly, not quite,
amazing wave.
f
antonym: dull practically
amazing g
adjective very surprising or
alone remarkable » Kirsten surfed
adjective not with other people the most amazing wave. h
or things » He was all alone astonishing, astounding,
in the middle of the hall.
detached, isolated,
staggering, startling,
stunning, surprising
i
separate, single
among 1
j
aloud
k
preposition surrounded by
adverb out loud » The broken bike lay among
» Our father read aloud to us. piles of chains and pedals.
audibly, out loud amid, amidst, in the
middle of, in the thick of,
l
After jogging up the hill, Liam felt
alive with energy.
also surrounded by
m
adverb in addition
» Carlos is also an
excellent basketball player.
n
all as well, besides,
pronoun the whole
of something
furthermore, into the o
bargain, moreover, too
» Did you eat all the biscuits?
each, every one, p
everything, the whole always
amount, the (whole) lot
related words:
adverb all the time or forever
» Zoe’s always singing,
q
prefixes pan-, panto- she never stops!
r
The broken bike lay among piles
continually, every time, of chains and pedals.
forever, invariably,
allow 1
s
perpetually
verb to permit someone among 2
to do something preposition between more
» Jane’s mother allowed amaze than two » The donations
t
her to go to the party. verb to surprise greatly will be divided among
»
approve, authorize, let,
permit, stand for, tolerate,
Noah amazed us with his
knowledge of local history.
seven charities.
between, to each of u
brook, give leave, sanction astonish, astound, shock,
antonym: forbid stagger, stun, surprise,
dumbfound, flabbergast,
amount v
noun how much there
allow 2
verb to set aside for
stupefy
is of something
» I get a huge amount of
w
amazement
a particular purpose
» Allow four hours noun complete surprise
homework every weekend.
expanse, quantity, x
for the paint to dry. » Much to my amazement, volume
allocate, allot, assign,
grant, set aside
Yasmin arrived on time.
astonishment, shock,
y
surprise, wonder,
perplexity, stupefaction z
15
 ample
A animosity
noun a feeling of strong dislike
answer 1
verb to reply to someone
towards someone » There is » I waited all day for him
B no animosity between the two to answer my question.
players – they get on well. reply, respond, retort
C antagonism, antipathy,
dislike, hatred, hostility,
antonym: ask

ill will, malice, resentment

D answer 2
noun a reply given to someone
announce » He walked away without
Lily appealed for people to sign

E verb to make something known waiting for an answer.

her petition.

publicly » He announced reply, response, retort,

F There was ample space in the tent
for both children and the dog.
G
ample
H
adjective of an amount: more
than enough » There was
I ample space in the tent for
both children and the dog.
abundant, enough,
J plenty of, sufficient
K ancestor
noun a person from whom
the winner of the competition
live on the radio.
advertise, make known,
proclaim, reveal, tell, tweet,
promulgate, propound
He announced the winner of the
competition live on the radio.
rejoinder, riposte
antonym: question
anxiety
noun nervousness or worry
» It’s natural to have
some anxiety before
starting a new school.
apprehension, concern,
fear, misgiving,
nervousness, unease,
worry, perturbation,
trepidation
appeal 1
verb to make an urgent request
for something » Lily appealed
for people to sign her petition.
beg, call upon, plead,
request, entreat,
implore, pray
appeal 2
verb to attract or interest
» The idea of getting a
sports car appealed to him.
attract, fascinate,
interest, please

L someone is descended
» Leon could trace his
announcement
noun a statement giving
anxious
adjective nervous or worried appeal 3
ancestors back 100 years.
»
M forebear, forefather,
precursor, progenitor
information about something
» There has been no formal
Nicole was very anxious
before starting the exam.
noun a formal request for
something » The speaker
announcement about the apprehensive, bothered, made an appeal for quiet.
N anger 1
school trip.
advertisement, broadcast,
concerned, fearful,
nervous, troubled,
petition, plea, request,
entreaty, supplication

O noun extreme annoyance

» She vented her anger
at the umpire.
P fury, outrage, rage, wrath,
choler, ire, pique, spleen,
Q vexation
anger 2
R verb to make someone angry
» The politician’s remarks
S angered his critics.
enrage, infuriate, outrage
T antonym: calm
U angry
adjective very annoyed
V
▶▶ SEE RIGHT
animal
W noun a living creature
» Dogs and cats are the
X nation’s favourite animals.
beast, creature
related word: prefix zoo-
Y bore, drag (informal),
Z pain in the neck (informal),
bulletin, declaration,
report, statement
annoy
verb to irritate or displease
someone » Try making a note
of the things that annoy you.
bother, displease, get on
someone’s nerves (informal),
hack off (Britain and New
Zealand; slang), hassle
(informal), irritate,
plague, vex
annoyance 1
noun a feeling of irritation
» Isaac made no secret of his
annoyance at bad grammar.
displeasure, irritation
annoyance 2
noun something that causes
irritation » Snoring can
be more than an annoyance.
nuisance, pain (informal),
pest
uneasy, worried
Nicole was very anxious before
starting the exam.
apathetic
adjective not interested
in anything » He was
apathetic about politics.
cool, indifferent, passive,
uninterested
antonym: enthusiastic
apologize
verb to say sorry for something
» I apologize for being late.
ask forgiveness, beg
someone’s pardon,
express regret, say sorry
appear 1
verb to become visible or
present » A woman appeared
at the far end of the street.
come into view, crop up
(informal), emerge, show up
(informal), surface, turn up
antonym: disappear
appear 2
verb to begin to exist
» Small white flowers
appear in the spring.
become available,
be invented, come into
being, come into existence,
come out
appearance 1
noun the time when
something begins to exist
» We were surprised but
pleased at the new girl’s
appearance in our class.
advent, arrival, coming,
debut, emergence,
introduction

16
 appreciate

angry
a
b
c
adjective very annoyed » The angry bull charged across the field.
Sofia really cares about
her appearance.
d
e
appearance 2
o y ed cross
noun the way that a person
looks » Sofia really cares
about her appearance.
a n n f
bearing, image, look, looks, g
g
demeanour, mien

f u m i n furiou h
enraged
application
noun a computer program
designed for a particular
s i
purpose » This application
j
irate
runs on all tablets.
app, software

g n a n t
appointment 1 in di k
noun an arrangement to meet
someone » Valeria has an l
appointment with the dentist.
d raging
ma
m
livid
date, interview, meeting,
rendezvous
n
appointment 2
noun the choosing of a person
to do a job » Roy was
o
pleased with his appointment
as the new class president. p
election, naming,
nomination, selection q
appointment 3 r
noun a job » He applied

s
for an appointment in Russia.
assignment, job, place,
position, post
t
appreciate 1
verb to value something highly
» Joe appreciates good films.
u
v
admire, prize, rate highly,
respect, treasure, value
antonym: scorn
w
appreciate 2
verb to understand a situation
or problem » I didn’t
x
appreciate the seriousness
of it at the time. y
be aware of, perceive,
realize, recognize,
understand
z
17
 appropriate
A approximate
B the concert ends is 10pm.
C loose, rough
D squabble
E
Jeans are not appropriate clothes
for a smart occasion.
F appropriate
adjective suitable or acceptable
G
for a given situation
» Jeans are not appropriate
H
clothes for a smart occasion.
apt, correct, fitting, proper,
suitable, apposite,
I congruous, germane
antonym: inappropriate
J approval 1
K
noun agreement given
to something » The idea
will require approval from
L teachers and parents.
agreement, authorization,
M blessing, endorsement,
permission, sanction,
assent, imprimatur,
N mandate, ratification
O approval 2
noun liking and admiration
P of a person or thing
» He wanted to gain
his father’s approval.
Q admiration, esteem, favour,
praise, respect
R antonym: disapproval
S approve 1
verb to think something
or someone is good
T » Not everyone approved
of the choice of players.
U admire, favour, praise,
respect, think highly of
antonym: disapprove
V wrangle
approve 2
W verb to agree formally
to something » They approved
X the plan for a new playground.
authorize, consent to,
endorse, permit, sanction
Y antonym: veto
Z remonstrate
adjective close but not exact
» The approximate time
estimated, inexact,
antonym: exact
ardent
adjective full of enthusiasm
and passion » Stefan was
an ardent performer.
avid, devoted, enthusiastic,
fervent, intense, keen,
passionate, zealous
antonym: apathetic
Stefan was an ardent performer.
area 1
noun a particular part
of a place » Elena lived in
an exclusive area of the city.
district, locality,
neighbourhood,
region, zone
area 2
noun the size of a two-
dimensional surface
» The islands cover
a total area of 625 sq km.
expanse, extent, range, size
argue 1
verb to disagree with someone
in an angry way » They argued
over the cost of the taxi fare.
bicker, disagree, fall out
(informal), feud, fight,
quarrel, row, squabble,
argue 2
verb to try to prove
» Lena argued that the dog
could not have scratched
the table.
assert, claim, debate,
maintain, reason,
controvert, expostulate,
18
argument 1
noun an angry disagreement
» He got into an argument
with one of the protesters.
barney (Britain, Australia, and
New Zealand; informal), blue
(Australia; slang), clash,
dispute, feud, fight, row,
argument 2
noun a set of reasons
presented for something
» There’s a strong argument
for going home now.
case, grounds,
logic, reasoning
arrange 1
verb to make plans to do
something » Why don’t you
arrange to meet him later?
fix up, organize, plan,
schedule
arrange 2
verb to set things out
in a particular order
» Lucy's sister arranged
the books on the shelves.
classify, group, order,
organize, sort, array,
systematize
Lucy's sister arranged the books
on the shelves.
arrest 1
verb to take someone into
custody » Police arrested
five men.
apprehend, capture, nick
(Britain; slang), seize, take
prisoner
arrest 2
noun the act of arresting
someone » The police
made two arrests.
apprehension, capture,
seizure
article 1
noun a piece of writing in
a newspaper or magazine
» There’s an article about
the new park in today’s paper.
feature, item, piece, story
article 2
noun a particular item
» How many articles
are on the table?
item, object, thing
ashamed
adjective feeling embarrassed
or guilty » He was not
ashamed of what he had done.
embarrassed, guilty,
humiliated, sheepish, sorry,
chagrined, mortified
antonym: proud
ask 1
verb to put a question
to someone » Erin asked
me if I’d enjoyed my dinner.
inquire, interrogate, query,
question, quiz
antonym: answer
ask 2
verb to make a request
to someone » We had to
ask him to leave.
appeal, beg, demand,
implore, plead, seek,
beseech, entreat
ask 3
verb to invite someone
» Everybody in the class
had been asked to the party.
bid (literary), invite
aspect
noun a feature of something
» Exam results are only one
aspect of a school’s success.
consideration, element,
factor, feature, part,
point, side
assemble 1
verb to fit the parts
of something together
» The children were
assembling model planes.
build, construct, erect,
make, put together
 attack
associate 1
verb to connect one thing
association 2
noun a connection or
attach
verb to join or fasten things
a
with another » Dark clouds involvement with a person together » The gadget can
are associated with rain. or group » Did you know be attached to any surface. b
connect, couple, about his association affix, connect, couple,
identify, link with the band?
affiliation, attachment,
fasten, join, link, tie
antonym: separate
c
bond, connection,
associate 2
verb to spend time with a
relationship, tie,
attachment 1 d
The tourists assembled in a line affinity, liaison
person » I began associating
next to the bus.
with different groups of people.
noun a feeling of love and
affection » A mother and e
hang out (informal), mingle, assume 1 child form a close attachment.
assemble 2
verb to gather together
mix, run around (informal),
socialize, consort,
verb to accept that something
is true » Lewis assumed that
affection, bond, fondness,
liking, love
f
in a group » The tourists
assembled in a line next
fraternize Jon knew what he was doing.
believe, guess (informal),
g
to the bus. imagine, suppose, think
attachment 2
associate 3
h
noun a part that connects
collect, come together,
noun a person known through to something else
congregate, convene,
work » After arriving late, assume 2 » The drill comes with
gather, mass
she joined her business
associates at the meeting.
verb to take responsibility
for something » I will assume
a wide range of attachments.
accessory, component,
i
assistant
noun a person who helps
colleague, co-worker,
workmate
the role of team leader.
accept, shoulder, take on,
fitting, fixture, part, unit
j
someone » The assistant undertake
attack 1
took notes as his boss listed
what meetings he needed.
association 1 verb to use violence against k
noun an organization astute someone or something
aide, ally, colleague,
helper, right-hand man » Many schools have
a parents’ association.
adjective very intelligent
or perceptive » Amy’s an
▼ SEE BELOW l
body, club, company,
confederation, group,
astute judge of character.
alert, clever, keen,
m
institution, league, society, perceptive, quick, sharp,
syndicate, fraternity shrewd, smart, discerning n
o
p
q
attack Forward, men, and r
1 verb to use violence against
someone or something » William’s set upon
I really didn’t
want to be involved army attacked King Harold’s knights. the cavalry. Charge! s
in this raid .
What if they decide
Your
assault t
invade
to
Normandy?
will go down
in history. u
I’ve always
v
wanted to
storm
w
England.
x
y
z
19
 attack
A attack 2
verb to criticize someone
strongly » She attacked the
B minister’s views on education.
blast, censure, criticize,
C have a go at (Britain;
informal), put down
(informal), vilify (formal),
D berate, dress down,
lambaste, revile
E thought » Breathing is an
attack 3
F noun violent physical action
against someone or something
»
G
It was an unprovoked attack
on the surprised man.
assault, charge, invasion,
H
offensive, onslaught, raid
I attempt 1
verb to try to do something
» They attempted to escape.
J endeavour, seek, strive,
try, try your hand at
K
attempt 2
L noun an act of trying
to do something
The leading star is very attractive.
attractive
adjective pleasant, especially
to look at » The leading star
is very attractive.
appealing, charming,
fetching, handsome,
lovely, pretty, comely,
prepossessing, winsome
antonym: unattractive
automatic 1
adjective operating
mechanically by itself
» Modern trains have
automatic doors.
automated, mechanical,
robot, self-propelled
automatic 2
adjective without conscious
automatic physical function.
instinctive, involuntary,
natural, reflex
automobile
noun (US) a vehicle for
carrying a few people
» After thinking about
it, Ali decided to buy
an expensive automobile.
car, motor, vehicle
avoid 1
verb to keep away from
someone or something
» She thought he was
trying to avoid her.
dodge, elude, eschew
(formal), evade, shun,
sidestep, steer clear of
avoid 2
verb to make an effort
not to do something
» Liam avoided going out
by pretending to be ill.
dodge, duck out of
(informal), fight shy of,
refrain from, shirk,
circumvent,
give a wide berth to
aware 1 : aware of
adjective conscious of
something » Ava was acutely
aware of the noise of the city.
acquainted with,
conscious of,
familiar with, mindful of
antonym: unaware

» It was Ryan’s third

M attempt at the pole vault.
bid, crack (informal),
N go (informal), shot (informal),
stab (informal), try
O property, quality, trait,
P augment
Q verb to add something
R money by dogsitting for the
S It was Ryan’s third attempt
at the pole vault.
T supplement, top up
attitude
U noun someone’s way
of thinking and behaving
» Having a positive attitude
V helps you achieve your dreams.
outlook, perspective, point
W of view, position, stance
X attract
verb to appeal to or interest
» The trial races have
Y attracted many leading riders.
appeal to, draw, entice,
Z lure, pull (informal), tempt
antonym: repel
attribute
noun a quality or feature
»
Anna’s main attribute
is her unfailing generosity.
characteristic, feature,
idiosyncrasy, peculiarity
to something else
» Sally augmented her pocket
neighbours when they went
out for the day.
add to, boost, complement,
increase, reinforce,
authentic
adjective real and genuine
» The cake was made
to an authentic French recipe.
bona fide, dinkum (Australia
and New Zealand; informal),
genuine, real, true
antonym: fake
aware 2
adjective knowing about
After thinking about it, Ali decided
to buy an expensive automobile.
something » Keep me
aware of any developments.
available
informed, in the picture,
knowledgeable, in the loop
adjective ready for use
» There are three small
boats available for hire.
awful
adjective very unpleasant
accessible, at hand,
at someone’s disposal,
or very bad » The weather
this morning is awful.
free, handy, to hand
antonym: unavailable
appalling, dreadful,
frightful, ghastly,
horrendous, terrible,
average 1
adjective standard or normal
abysmal, deplorable
» I get up at 7am on an
average weekday, but
tomorrow is a holiday
so I'll sleep longer.
normal, regular, standard,
typical, usual
average 2 :
on average
adverb for the most part
» Men are, on average,
taller than women.
as a rule, generally,
normally, typically,
usually
The weather this morning is awful.

20

babble
verb to talk in an excited way
» Tim babbled on and on
about how much fun he’d
had at the party.
burble, chatter, gabble,
prattle
baby
noun a very young child
» Jia enjoyed playing
with her baby brother.
ankle-biter (Australia and
New Zealand; slang), bairn
(Scotland), child, infant
Jia enjoyed playing with
her baby brother.
back 1
noun the part that is behind
the front » Write a message
on the back of a postcard.
end, rear, reverse, stern
antonym: front
Write a message on the back
of a postcard.
back 2
verb to support a person
or organization
» Mina’s friends backed her
campaign for student president.
advocate, encourage,
endorse, favour, promote,
support, champion, second
antonym: oppose
background
noun where you come from;
your class, education, training,
or experience » Marianne
came from a rich background.
culture, environment,
history, upbringing
bad 1
adjective harmful, unpleasant,
or upsetting » I have bad
news – the holiday is cancelled.
damaging, destructive,
detrimental, distressing,
disturbing, grim, harmful,
painful, traumatic,
unhealthy, unpleasant,
unsettling, upsetting
antonym: good
bad 2
adjective of poor quality
» The roads were bad, full
of potholes.
defective, deficient, faulty,
imperfect, inadequate,
inferior, pathetic, poor,
sorry, unsatisfactory
antonym: good
bad 3
adjective evil in character
» Superheroes always win
over the bad guys.
corrupt, criminal, depraved,
evil, immoral, sinful,
villainous, wicked, wrong
antonym: good
21
band
badly 1
adverb in an inferior way
a
» This essay is badly written,
with poor grammar. b
inadequately, ineptly,
poorly, shoddily,
unsatisfactorily
c
antonym: well
d
badly 2
adverb seriously
The dog loved playing with the ball.
e
» Ben was badly hurt in a fall.
ball
deeply, desperately,
gravely, seriously
noun a round object f
» The dog loved playing
antonym: slightly
with the ball. g
drop, globe, pellet, sphere,
badly 3
h
globule, orb, spheroid
adverb in a cruel manner
» Jim would never treat his
ban 1
dog badly – he adores it.
brutally, callously, cruelly,
verb to disallow something i
» Adults are banned from
savagely, viciously
antonym: well
taking part in the kids’ race.
bar, disqualify, exclude,
j
k
forbid, outlaw, prohibit,
bait banish, proscribe,
noun something used to tempt suppress
someone » Charles used
worms as bait to catch fish.
antonym: permit l
bribe, decoy, inducement,
lure, temptation
ban 2 m
noun a rule disallowing
balance 1
something » There is a ban
on chewing gum in school.
n
verb to make or remain steady disqualification, embargo,
» The gymnast balanced prohibition, suppression o
gracefully on one leg. antonym: permit
level, stabilize, steady p
band 1
noun a group of musicians
who play together
q
» Luiz was a singer in
a rock-and-roll band. r
group, orchestra, combo,
s
ensemble
band 2
noun a group of people who
t
share a common purpose
» The protest was led by u
a band of angry students.
v
bunch, company, crowd,
gang, party, troupe
The gymnast balanced gracefully
on one leg.
w
balance 2
noun a stable relationship
x
between things » There
must be a balance between y
study and play time.
equilibrium, equity,
equivalence, parity
The protest was led by a band
of angry students.
z
 bang
A
B
C
D

ck
ar w,
ha

.
he do
me
o
E

n’t win
M o or

m
ike to

kn
d

did he
h a be

ey on t
F m
mm le
er t in

t th d
er d

bu ocke
ed .

n
on

n
u
th

Ik
e

s.

po
wall
H do
n
th
e

e
nd
I ou
hit
p
We

J The ball
hit the p
m p
K ost.

th u and
red esks.
L d
e e
ch ir d
ren n the
il
ch d o
M The umpe
t h

N e a t
b a ci
rcle
,
slam
O e g
in
sat ums
roup all dr
m
.
Th ing s I s la m
med
t
P bea the p down
hone
.

bang
Q
R
S
T
1 verb to hit or put something down
U hard, with a loud noise
» Charlie banged the drums
V so loudly, my ears hurt.

W
X
Y
Z
22

bang 1
verb to hit or put something
down hard, with a loud noise
◀◀ SEE LEFT
bang 2
noun a sudden, short, loud
noise » The microwave
exploded with a bang.
blast, boom, crack,
detonation, explosion,
thump
bang 3
noun a hard or painful bump
against something » I got
a nasty bang on the elbow.
blow, clout (informal),
knock, thump, whack
banish 1
verb to exile someone
» Aliyah banished Doug
from the house until he
took off his muddy shoes.
deport, eject, evict, exile,
expel, transport
banish 2
verb to get rid of something
or someone » The kids finally
banished their boredom with
a game of hide and seek.
discard, dismiss, dispel,
eliminate, eradicate,
remove
bank 1
noun the edge of a river
or lake » Ed stood for ages
fishing on the river bank.
brink, edge, shore, side
Ed stood for ages fishing on
the river bank.
bay
bank 2
noun a store of something
base 1
noun the lowest part of
a
» Supplies are running low something » They played
b
at the blood bank. at the base of the cliffs.
fund, hoard, reserve, stock, bed, bottom, foot,
store, reservoir, stockpile foundation, pedestal, stand
antonym: top
c
bar 1
noun a piece of metal base 2 d
»
The prison cell had
bars across the window.
noun the place you work from
» He lived at the military base. e
pole, rail, rod, shaft camp, centre, headquarters,
post, station
f
bar 2
verb to stop someone base 3 g
» Bryan’s bodyguards barred verb to use as a foundation
The Sahara is a barren desert.
»
h
the way as his fans rushed The film is based on
towards him. a true story.
obstruct, prevent barren build, derive, found,
adjective with nothing growing
on it » The Sahara is
ground, hinge i
a barren desert.
arid, desert, desolate, dry,
basic j
empty, waste, unfruitful,
adjective most necessary
» A basic first aid kit
k
unproductive
includes bandages.
antonym: fertile
elementary, essential,
barrier 1
fundamental, key,
necessary, vital, central,
l
noun something preventing
entry » There were barriers
indispensable, primary
m
to prevent the audience from
getting onto the stage.
basis n
noun the main principle
barricade, fence,
of something » An old
Bryan’s bodyguards barred the way
as his fans rushed towards him.
obstruction, wall,
fortification, obstacle,
fairy tale forms the basis o
of the new fantasy film.
bare 1
rampart
core, fundamental, heart,
premise, principle
p
barrier 2
adjective not covered
» Stella wore shorts to the noun something that
bay 1
q
beach, and she burnt her prevents progress
noun a curve in a coastline
bare legs in the sun.
exposed, uncovered
» A lack of funds is the
biggest barrier preventing » The Bay of Naples is on r
the west coast of Italy.
s
antonym: covered me from travelling to South
cove, gulf, inlet, sound
Africa in the summer.
handicap, hindrance,
bare 2 bay 2
adjective with nothing
hurdle, impediment,
obstacle verb to make a howling noise
t
on top or inside
»
» Len forgot to buy groceries,
so the cupboard was bare. barter
The wolf bayed in the
moonlight. u
bark, cry, howl, yelp
v
empty, open, spartan, verb to exchange goods
vacant or services without money
» I bartered my comic book
barely for Wayne’s baseball.
exchange, give in exchange,
w
adverb only just
» It’s too early in the morning
for Lisa to join us for a walk;
swap, trade, trade off,
bargain x
she’ll be barely awake.
almost, hardly, just, y
scarcely
The wolf bayed in the moonlight.
z
23
 beach
A beach
noun an area by the sea
bear 3
verb to accept something
because
conjunction for the reason that
» Jim can’t bear the sound » I didn’t go to the restaurant
B
▼ SEE BELOW
of cutlery scraping on a plate. because I was tired.
abide, endure, stomach, as, since, in that,
bear 1
C verb to carry something
suffer, tolerate on account of, owing to
» The ice wasn’t thick
D enough to bear their weight, beat 1 before
and it began to crack. verb to hit someone adverb at a previous time
carry, convey, shoulder, or something hard » Have you ever been
E support, take » Sheila beat the drum. to Greece before?
batter, buffet, hit, pound, earlier, formerly, in
F bear 2 strike, thrash
The coast is an area of
advance, previously, sooner
antonym: after
verb to have or show something
G
outstanding natural beauty. related words: prefixes ante-,
» The room bore the signs beat 2 fore-, pre-
of a lively party. verb to defeat
» Ethan is a slow runner and beauty 1
H
exhibit, harbour, have
was easily beaten in the race. noun the quality of being beg
defeat, outdo, outstrip, beautiful » The coast is verb to ask anxiously
I overcome, overwhelm,
vanquish, conquer, master,
an area of outstanding
natural beauty.
for something
» The girl begged her dad
J surpass attractiveness, charm,
elegance, loveliness
for another ice cream.
beseech, implore, petition,
antonym: ugliness plead, entreat, importune
beat 3
K noun a rhythm » Rock music
has a thumping beat. beauty 2
L cadence, metre, rhythm,
stress, time
noun a good-looking person
» She was a dark-eyed beauty.
M beautiful
hunk (male; informal),
looker, stunner (informal)

N adjective attractive or pleasing

» A beautiful picture can
brighten up a room.
O attractive, delightful, fine,
gorgeous, lovely, pleasing,
beauty 3
noun an attractive feature
» The beauty of the plan
is its simplicity.

P The room bore the signs

of a lively party.
exquisite, fair
antonym: ugly
advantage, asset,
attraction, benefit
The girl begged her dad
for another ice cream.

Q
R
S
seaside
T I love to holiday at
the seaside.
seashore
He enjoys walks
U along the seashore. shore
He swam out from

V the shore.

W coast
X Let’s go for a day
trip to the coast.
sands beach
Y The sands of
tropical islands
noun an area by the sea
» I dug a sandcastle on
are golden. the beach.
Z
24

begin
verb to start or cause to start
» is true » Don’t believe
When did the show begin?
commence (formal), initiate,
originate, set about, start,
inaugurate, instigate,
institute
antonym: end
beginner
noun someone learning
to do something
» Ali joined the “French
for beginners” class.
apprentice, learner, novice,
starter, trainee
antonym: expert
beginning
noun where something starts
» The signpost marked the
beginning of the city.
birth, commencement
(formal), opening, origin,
outset, start, inauguration,
initiation, onset
antonym: end
behave
verb to act in a certain way
» If you don’t behave nicely,
we’ll have to leave the party.
act, function, operate, work
belief 1
noun the certainty something
is true » Miriam’s belief that
it was going to be a fine
summer turned out to be right.
confidence, conviction,
judgment, opinion,
trust, view
believe
verb to accept something
everything you read in
the papers.
accept, assume, presume,
swallow (informal), trust
antonym: disbelieve
belittle
verb to make someone or
something seem less important
» Ted always belittles me in
front of my friends – it really
shakes my confidence.
deride, detract from,
downgrade, scorn,
undervalue, denigrate,
disparage, minimize
antonym: praise
beloved
adjective dearly loved
» Anthony proposed to
his beloved girlfriend.
adored, cherished, darling,
dearest, precious,
treasured
antonym: despised
betray
bend 2
verb to move the body
best 1
adjective of the highest
a
downwards » I bent standard » That was the
b
and kissed her cheek. best film I have seen in a
arch, bow, crouch, long time.
incline, lean, stoop finest, first-rate, foremost,
greatest, leading,
c
outstanding, pre-eminent,
bend 3
noun a curve in something
principal, superlative, d
supreme, top
» Watch out for the sharp
bend in the road.
antonym: worst e
arc, corner, curve, loop,
turn, angle, arch, twist best 2
adjective most desirable
f
beneficial » Offering to pay for the
broken window was the best
g
adjective giving some benefit
thing to do.
»
h
Eating fruit is beneficial
correct, most fitting, right
to your health.
antonym: worst
advantageous, good for
you, healthy, helpful,
useful, wholesome best 3 i
benefit 1
noun the preferred thing
» Of all my presents, this j
» Meeting looks the best – may I open
k
noun an advantage
it first?
interesting people is one of the
cream, elite, finest, pick
benefits of joining a club.
advantage, asset, boon,
gain, good, help, profit, use
antonym: worst
l
antonym: disadvantage
m
benefit 2
verb to help in something
n
» The experience will benefit
you when you take the test. o
aid, assist, enhance,
further, help, profit
antonym: harm
p
benevolent
q
adjective kind and helpful
» Arthur was a benevolent king r
who cared about his people. Of all my presents, this looks the

belief 2
benign, charitable,
compassionate, humane,
best – may I open it first?
s
Anthony proposed to his
noun a principle of a religion kind, altruistic, beneficent,
or system » His religion gave
beloved girlfriend.
philanthropic
betray 1 t
verb to break someone’s trust
him a strong set of beliefs.
» I was betrayed by
creed, doctrine, dogma,
faith, ideology, principle,
below
preposition or adverb lower
beside someone I thought u
preposition next to » We sat was a friend.
down » The basement
v
tenet
beside each other watching TV. break your promise,
is below the ground floor.
adjacent to, alongside, double-cross (informal),
beneath, down, lower,
believable
adjective possible or likely
under, underneath
antonym: above
close to, near, next to inform on
w
to be the case » The book
betray 2
is full of believable characters
I can relate to. bend 1 verb to show feelings x
» Jeremy’s voice betrayed
credible, imaginable, likely,
plausible, possible,
verb to make or become
curved » Bend the bar
little emotion over
the phone.
y
probable into a horseshoe.
antonym: unbelievable buckle, curve, turn,
twist, warp
We sat beside each other
watching TV.
expose, manifest,
reveal, show z
25
 better
A
B
C
D at significa
g re
E
la rge
big
F
G
H
I
1 adjective of a large size
J » The diplodocus was a big dinosaur...
K
better 1
L adjective of more worth than
another » The weather today
M was better than yesterday.
finer, grander, greater,
N higher-quality, nicer,
preferable, superior,
surpassing, worthier
O antonym: inferior
P better 2
adjective well after being ill
Q » I hope you feel better soon.
cured, fitter, fully
recovered, healthier,
R improving, on the mend
(informal), recovering,
S stonger, well
antonym: worse
T beware
verb to be cautious »
The sign
U warned us to beware of the dog.
be careful, be cautious,
V be wary, guard against,
look out, watch out
W the film festival.
X powerful, principal,
Y antonym: unimportant
Z The sign warned us to
beware of the dog.
n t
enormous
bias
noun prejudice for or against
a person or group
» The café had a bias for
hiring staff who speak French.
bigotry, favouritism,
prejudice
biased
adjective showing prejudice
» The basketball team were
biased against short players.
one-eyed (Australia and New
Zealand), one-sided, partial,
prejudiced, slanted,
weighted
antonym: neutral
big 1
adjective of a large size
▲ SEE ABOVE
big 2
adjective someone of great
importance » My cousin met
some big Hollywood stars at
eminent, important,
influential, leading, major,
prominent, significant
26
m en se
g e im
h u
big 3
adjective an important issue or
problem » Moving to a new
town was a big decision.
critical, grave, momentous,
serious, urgent, weighty
antonym: minor
bill
noun a statement of how much
is owed » The party of 20 ran
up a huge bill in the restaurant.
Matt and Joe had a bitter
account, charges, invoice,
statement
argument over the accident.
bit bitter 1
adjective angry and resentful
noun a small amount
» A bit of biscuit fell on » Matt and Joe had a bitter
argument over the accident.
the floor while Stan was
acrimonious, begrudging,
eating it.
crumb, fragment, grain,
embittered, rancorous,
resentful, sour
part, piece, scrap, iota,
jot, speck
bitter 2
bite adjective tasting or smelling
sharp » Something in the
verb to cut into something
pie had a bitter taste.
with your teeth
» Rachel’s cat bit me.
acid, acrid, astringent,
sharp, sour, tart
chew, gnaw, nibble, nip
antonym: sweet
 block
a
b
gigantic m
a ssive colossal vast c
d
e
f
g
h
antonym:
little i
... But compsognathus
was a little beast! j
k
bizarre blank 1 blend 2 blessing 2
adjective very strange or adjective with nothing on it verb to combine in a pleasing noun approval or permission l
eccentric » Chang has some » Use a blank sheet of paper. way » The colours blend in to do something
bizarre ideas about what bare, clean, clear, empty, with the rest of the decor. » Fiona got married with m
to do on holiday. plain, unmarked complement, coordinate, her parents’ blessing.
curious, eccentric,
extraordinary, odd,
go well, harmonize,
match, suit
approval, backing, consent,
leave, permission, support,
n
outlandish, peculiar,
blank 2 approbation, sanction
queer, strange, weird
adjective showing no feeling
» John just looked blank blend 3 antonym: disapproval o
antonym: ordinary
upon hearing the news.
deadpan, dull, empty,
noun a mixture or combination
of things » The menu blob p
black impassive, vacant was a blend of French noun a small amount of
noun or adjective
Shades of black:
and Chinese flavours.
alloy, amalgamation,
a thick or sticky substance
» The artist squeezed out
q
coal-black, ebony, inky, jet,
blend 1
combination, compound, a blob of pink paint.
jet-black, pitch-black,
verb to mix things so as to
form a single item or substance
fusion, mix, mixture bead, dab, drop, droplet r
raven, sable, sooty
» Jill used a mixer to blend
the ingredients. bless s
blame 1 combine, merge, verb to ask God’s protection
verb to believe someone
caused something
mingle, mix
antonym: separate
» The bishop blessed
the congregation.
t
» Don’t blame me for losing
the present.
anoint, consecrate,
dedicate, hallow u
accuse, charge, antonym: curse
hold responsible
v
blessing 1
blame 2
noun the responsibility
noun something good
» Good health is a blessing. The artist squeezed out
w
x
for something bad benefit, boon, gift, a blob of pink paint.
» I’m not going to take the godsend, help
blame for forgetting the tickets! antonym: disadvantage
block 1
accountability, fault, guilt,
liability, rap (slang),
noun a large piece » A block y
of wood fell near his foot.
responsibility, culpability,
incrimination
Jill used a mixer to blend
the ingredients.
bar, brick, chunk, ingot,
lump, piece
z
27
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