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New
Series
Numerical Data
and Functional Relationships
in Science and Technology
GROUP II VOLUME 31
Molecules
and
Radicals
Magnetic
Properties of
Paramagnetic
Compounds
SUBVOLUME E
Magnetic Susceptibility Data – Part 5
MATERIALS.SPRINGER.COM
123
Landolt-Bo€rnstein: Numerical Data and Functional
Relationships in Science and Technology – New Series
Group II: Molecules and Radicals
Volume 31E
Landolt-B€ornstein
Numerical Data and Functional Relationships
in Science and Technology
New Series
Units and Fundamental Constants in Physics and Chemistry
Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms (Group I)

(Formerly: Nuclear and Particle Physics)
Molecules and Radicals (Group II)

(Formerly: Atomic and Molecular Physics)
Condensed Matter (Group III)

(Formerly: Solid State Physics)
Physical Chemistry (Group IV)

(Formerly: Macroscopic Properties of Matter)
Geophysics (Group V)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (Group VI)
Biophysics (Group VII)
Advanced Materials and Technologies (Group VIII)
Some of the group names have been changed to provide a better description of their contents.
A. Gupta
Editor
Magnetic Properties of
Paramagnetic Compounds
Subvolume E
Magnetic Susceptibility Data – Part 5
R.T. Pardasani • P. Pardasani

Authors
Editor
A. Gupta
Department of Chemistry
University of Delhi
Delhi, India
Authors
R.T. Pardasani P. Pardasani
Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry
School of Chemical Sciences and University of Rajasthan
Pharmacy, Central University Jaipur, India
of Rajasthan
Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, India
ISSN 1615-1852 ISSN 1616-9530 (electronic)

ISBN 978-3-662-53973-6 ISBN 978-3-662-53974-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53974-3
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015940003
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017

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Preface
In continuation to our efforts to update the magnetic susceptibility data of paramagnetic compounds, a new
Volume II/31E is presented herewith literature covered partly from 1991–2000. Since most of the
researchers these days consult the literature online, a new pattern is being introduced with effect from
this volume. All the magnetic properties of each individual substance are listed as a single document which
is self explainable and allowing search in respect of substance name, synonyms, common vocabulary, and
even structure. It is hoped that a new pattern will facilitate greater accessibility of magnetic data and
enhance the use of Landolt-B€ornstein.
The editor wishes to express her thanks to the authors R.T. Pardasani and Pushpa Pardasani for this
excellent volume. The encouraging support of Dr. Wolfgang Finger from Springer is gratefully
acknowledged.
New Delhi Archana Gupta

Sep 2017
v
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Part I Cu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of Schiff-base derived from anthranilic acid
and L-arabinose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
and D-xylose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
and D-glucose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
and D-galactose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Magnetic properties of homobinuclear mixed ligand Cu(II) complex of the 5,
50 -methylene-bis(salicylaldehyde) and bipyridyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
50 -methylene-bis(3-bromosalicylaldehyde) and bipyridyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
50 -methylene-bis(salicylaldehyde) and 1, 10-phenantroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
50 -methylene-bis(3-nitrosalicylaldehyde) and 1, 10-phenantroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 5, 12-dimethyl-7, 14-diphenyl-1, 4, 8,
11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-4, 11-diacetic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex of 5, 12-dimethyl-7,
14-diphenyl-1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-4, 11-diacetic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloride adduct of 7-azaindole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Magnetic properties of chloro-copper(II) complex of 7-azaindole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Magnetic properties of chloro-oxo-copper(II) complex of 7-azaindole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Magnetic properties of copper(II)-zinc(II) heterodinuclear complex of Schiff-base
derived from 1 mole of 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzene-1, 3-dicarbaldehyde, 1 mole of 1,
3-diaminopropane and 2 moles of aniline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3-diaminopropane and 2 moles of o-methylaniline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3-diaminopropane and 2 moles of p-methoxyaniline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3-diaminopropane and 2 moles of o-methoxyaniline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
vii
viii Contents

3-diaminopropane and 2 moles of o-ethoxyaniline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3-diaminopropane and 2 moles of o-thiomethylaniline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of isoorotic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 2-thioisoorotic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Magnetic properties of mononuclear barium and dinuclear copper(II) complex of
24-membered bibracchial tetraimine Schiff-base macrocycle derived from
tris(2-aminoethyl)-amine and 2, 5-diformylfuran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Magnetic properties of 2, 6, 10, 14-tetraaza(15)-ferrocenophanecopper(II)
tetrafluoroborate dihydrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Magnetic properties of Cu(II) chloride complex of 1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-N-acetate . . . . . . 52
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II)-lithium(I) complex of 1, 4,
7-triazacyclononane-N-acetate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-N-acetate . . . . . . . . . 56
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex of N-(2-hydroxy- benzyl)-1, 4,
7-triazacyclononane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Magnetic properties of trinuclear copper(II) chloride compound with 1,
9-bis-(3-amino-4H-1, 2, 4-triazo-5-yl)-3, 7-dithianonane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Magnetic properties of trinuclear copper(II) bromide compound with 1,
9-bis-(3-amino-4H-1, 2, 4-triazo-5-yl)-3, 7-dithianonane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Magnetic properties of trimetallic(dicopper and strontium) complex with ethylacetate
and amino alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Magnetic properties of trimetallic (dichromium-copper) complex with oxalic acid and
bipyridine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) chlorate complex of oxamidic ligand . . . . . . . . . . 69
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) chloride complex of oxamidic ligand . . . . . . . . . . 71
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) acetate complex of oxamidic ligand . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Magnetic properties of triply bridged one-dimensional polymer of copper with acetate
and 2, 5-bis(2-pyridyl)-pyrazine ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Magnetic properties of triply bridged one-dimensional polymer of copper with benzoate
and 2, 5-bis(2-pyridyl)-pyrazine ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with N, N0 , N00 , N000 -tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,
4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
0 00 000
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with N, N , N , N -tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,
4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and azide ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and fluoride ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Contents ix

4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and chloride ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
0 00 000
4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and bromide ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and iodide ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
0 00 000
4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and nitrite ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and hydroxide ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
0 00 000
4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and bis(azido) ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and bis(bromo) ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Magnetic properties of a phenoxy- and hydroxyl-bridged copper(II) complex with a
tetraaza macrocyclic Schiff-base ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Magnetic properties of di-tetraethylammonium-μ-acetato-N, N, N0 ,
N0 -tetrakis(carboxylatemethyl)-2, 6-diamino-cresolatodicupperate(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Magnetic properties of [bis(4-amino-3, 5-bis(pyridine-2-yl)-1, 2, 4-triazole-N0 , N0 )-
(aqua)copper(II) bis(hydrogensulfate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Magnetic properties of diaqua-bis(1, 3-dimethyl-(1H, 3H)-pteridine-2, 4-dione)copper(II)
perchlorate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Magnetic properties of diaqua-bis(1, 3, 6, 7-tetramethylpteridine-2, 4-(1H, 3H)-
dione-O4, N5)copper(II) perchlorate dihydrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Magnetic properties of binuclear copper(II) complex of suprofen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Magnetic properties of tetraamine-5-phenylsulfonamide-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-
sulfonamidocopper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Magnetic properties of aquadiethylenetriamine-5-phenylsulfonamide-1, 3,
4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamidocopper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Magnetic properties of aqua-bis(3-aminopropyl)amine-5-phenyl sulfonamide-1, 3,
4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamidocopper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Magnetic properties of μ-(chloranilato)-bis(1, 4, 7-trimethyl-1, 4,
7-triazacyclononane)dicopper(II) perchlorate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Magnetic properties of tetrakis[μ-(β-alanine)-O, O0 ]dichlorodicopper(II) chloride
monohydrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Magnetic properties of tetrakis[μ-(β-alanine)-O, O0 ]diaquadicopper(II)
nitrate tetrahydrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Magnetic properties of diaqua-bis{1, 3, 6, 7-tetramethylpteridine-2, 4-(1H, 3H)-dione}
copper(II) nitrate dihydrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex of cis-N, N0 -bis(3-aminopropyl)
oxamidate and 2, 20 -bipyrimidine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
x Contents
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex of trans-N, N0 -

bis(3-aminopropyl)oxamidate and 2, 20 -bipyrimidine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex of trans-N,
N0 -bis(3-aminopropyl)oxamidate and 2, 20 -bipyrimidine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Magnetic properties of mixed ligand copper(II) coordination polymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of a phenol-based macrocycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II)-copper(II) complex of a
phenol-based macrocycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Magnetic properties of binuclear copper(II) complex with N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-
3-methoxycarbonyl-4, 6-dimethylsalicylamide as the tetrapropylammonium salt . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Magnetic properties of di-[salicylaldehydebenzoylhydrazonatocopper(II)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Magnetic properties of di-[chlorohydrosalicylaldehydebenzoyl-hydrazonatocopper(II)] . . . . . 151
Magnetic properties of aquadichlorosalicylaldehydebenzoylhydrazonato- copper(II) . . . . . . . 153
Magnetic properties of di-[bromohydrosalicylaldehydebenzoyl hydrazonatocopper(II)] . . . . . 155
Magnetic properties of di[dibromodisalicylaldehydebenzoylhydrazonecopper(II)]-
monohydrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Magnetic properties of di[aquaperchloratohydrosalicylaldehydebenzoyl-
hydrazonatocopper(II)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Magnetic properties of di[nitratohydrosalicylaldehydebenzoyl-hydrazonatocopper(II)] . . . . . 159
Magnetic properties of dihydrosalicylaldehydebenzoyl-hydrazonatosulphatodicopper(II) . . . . 160
Magnetic properties of aquachlorohydrosalicylaldehydebenzoyl-hydrazonatocopper(II) . . . . . 161
Magnetic properties of di-μ-hydroxo-bis(μ-perchlorato-O, O0 )-
bis[bis(2-amino-4-methylpyrimidine)copper(II)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Magnetic properties of bis[2-{2-(α-pyridyl)methyl}imino-3-butanoneoximato]dicopper(II)
perchlorate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Magnetic properties of bis[2-{2-(α-pyridyl)methyl}imino-3-butanoneoximato]dicopper(II)
nitrate methanolate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Magnetic properties of bis[2-{2-(α-pyridyl)ethyl}imino-3-butanone oximato]dicopper(II)
perchlorate methanolate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Magnetic properties of diaqua-bis[2-{2-(α-pyridyl)ethyl}imino-3-butanone
oximato]dicopper(II) perchlorate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Magnetic properties of squarate-O1, O2-bridged dinuclear copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Magnetic properties of squarate-O1, O3-bridged dinuclear copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chain with bridging oxamidato and nitrito ligands . . . . . . . 176
Magnetic properties of catena-poly-[bipyridyldithiocyanatocopper(II)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Magnetic properties of Chevreul’s salt, a mixed valence copper sulfite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Magnetic properties of tetrabutenoatodicopper(II) dimethylformamide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Contents xi
Magnetic properties of pentacopper cluster (12-metallacrown-4) complex containing

3-amino-3-hydroximino propanoic hydroximic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Magnetic properties of pentacopper cluster (12-metallacrown-4) complex containing
3-hydroximino butanoic hydroximic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Magnetic properties of first dicopper(II) complex of a new bis(1, 5, 9-triazacyclododecane)
ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Magnetic properties of cyano bridged dinuclear copper(II) complex with
tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Magnetic properties of cyano bridged dinuclear copper(II) complex with
tris(2-aminoethyl)amine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) complex with tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine . . . 199
Magnetic properties of copper(II) dinuclear complex derived from μ1, 3-azidobridging
ligand and 1, 1, 4, 7, 7-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
ligand and 1, 1, 4, 7, 7-pentaethyldiethylenetriamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
ligand and 4-ethyl-1, 1, 7, 7-tetramethyldiethylenetriamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Magnetic properties of polynuclear chain complex, diaqua-2, 3-bis(2-pyridyl)
pyrazinecopper(II) nitrate hydrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
pyrazinecopper(II) triflate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
pyrazinecopper(II) tetrafluoroborate hydrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
pyrazinecopper(II) perchlorate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)
aminobenzopyrazole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Magnetic properties of bis{N, N0 -ethylenebis-(ferrocenylmethylamine)} copper(II) nitrate
dimethanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Magnetic properties of bis-(aminoguanidinium)hexabromocuprate(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Magnetic properties of diaqua (L-aspartato)copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Magnetic properties of {bis[(N, N, N0 , N0 -tetramethylenediamine) copper(II)]
[1, 3-propanediylbis(oxamato)cuprate(II)]}perchlorate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Magnetic properties of {bis[(N, N, N0 , N00 , N00 -pentaethyldiethylenetriamine)copper(II)]
[1, 3-propanediylbis(oxamato)cuprate(II)]} perchlorate hemihydrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Magnetic properties of {bis[(N, N, N0 , N00 , N00 -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine)copper(II)]
[1, 3-propanediylbis(oxamato)cuprate(II)]} tetraphenylborate acetonitrile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Magnetic properties of {bis[(bis(3-aminopropyl)amine)-copper(II)][aqua-1,
3-propanediylbis(oxamato)cuprate(II)]} hexafluoro phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Magnetic properties of {[bis(2, 20 :60 ,200 -terpyridine)-copper(II)][1, 3-propanediylbis(oxamato)
cuprate(II)]} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Magnetic properties of bis(methylpyrazine) bridged complex of copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
xii Contents
Magnetic properties of bis(pyridine) bridged complex of copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Magnetic properties of pyrazine bridged complex of copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Magnetic properties of pyridazine bridged complex of copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Magnetic properties of methylpyrazine bridged complex of copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 5-(α-furyl)-1-phenylpent-1-yne-3, 5-dione . . . . . 240
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 5-(α-pyridyl)-1
-phenylpent-1-yne-3, 5-dione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 3-salicylidene acetylacetoneimino-N,
N-bis(anthranilic acid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 2, 20 -dihydroxyoxanilide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Magnetic properties of mixed ligand complex of copper(II) picrates with isonicotinic
acid hydrazide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 3-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-
5-(4-phenyl)-2-isoxazoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-isoxazoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-isoxazoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 5-mercapto-4-salicylideneimino-s-triazole . . . 252
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 4-(2-hydroxy naphthalideneimino)-
5-mercapto-s-triazole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with a tetradentate thioiminato
Schiff-base ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with a tetradentate thioiminato
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with indan-1, 3-dione-2-isonicotinoyl
hydrazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with polystyrene-anchored Schiff-base ligand . . . . 257
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with salicylaldehyde morpholine
N-thiohydrazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 2-hydroxyacetophenone morpholine
N-thiohydrazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Magnetic properties of homo trinuclear complex of copper(II) with methoxide and
phenanthroline ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Magnetic properties of homo trinuclear complex of copper(II) with methoxide and
dipyridyl ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Magnetic properties of homo trinuclear complex of copper(II) with isopropoxide and
phenanthroline ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Magnetic properties of homo trinuclear complex of copper(II) with isopropoxide and
dipyridyl ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Contents xiii
Magnetic properties of hetero trinuclear complex of copper(II) and nickel(II), Cu2Ni,

with methoxide and phenanthroline ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Magnetic properties of hetero trinuclear complex of copper(II) and nickel(II), Cu2Ni,
with methoxide and dipyridyl ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Magnetic properties of hetero trinuclear complex of copper(II) and nickel(II) with
isopropoxide and phenanthroline ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Magnetic properties of hetero trinuclear complex of copper(II) and nickel(II) with
isopropoxide and dipyridyl ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with ferrocenyl Schiff-base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 2, 4-dihydroxyacetophenone-
2-iminoethanethiol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 2, 4-dihydroxybenzophenone-
2-iminoethanethiol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 2, 4-dihydroxyacetophenone-
2-iminobenzenethiol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 2, 4-dihydroxybenzophenone-
2-iminobenzenethiol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Magnetic properties of homo trinuclear copper(II) Cu3 complex of 4, 5, 8,
9-tetraza-1, 3, 10, 12-tetramethyl-1, 12-dioxo-6, 7-diphenyl-1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11-dodecahexene . . . . 290
Magnetic properties of hetero trinuclear nickel(II) copper(II) Ni2Cu complex of 4, 5, 8,
Magnetic properties of hetero trinuclear cobalt(II) copper(II) Co2Cu complex of 4, 5, 8,
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of monophenylbutazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of 2-formylthiophene S-methyldithiocarbazate . . . 309
xiv Contents
Magnetic properties of copper(II) acetate complex of macrocycle ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloride complex with macrocycle ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloride complex with macrocycle ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Magnetic properties of copper(II)-zinc(II) heterobimetallic complex of tetradentate
N2O2 donor Schiff-base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with oxyphenbutazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of Schiff-base ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with polydentate diazine ligand . . . . . . . 334
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of bis(bismuthiol-1-yl)borate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 3-hydrazino-5, 6-diphenyl-1, 2, 4-triazine . . . 338
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with o-hydroxyacetophenone-phenylhydrazone . . . . 339
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 3-methyl-o-
hydroxyacetophenonephenylhydrazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 3-chloro-o-
Magnetic properties of dimeric copper(II) complex of diacetylmonoximeisonicotinoyl
hydrazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloride complex with 1, 3-disuccinimide
(4-phenyl-5-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methylpyrimidine-2-one) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) chloride complex with 2,
3-dihydrazinoquinoxaline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) complex with 13-membered macrocycle,
1, 5, 8, 11-tetra-azacyclotridecane-2, 4-dione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Contents xv
Magnetic properties of trinuclear lanthanum(III)-copper(II), La2-Cu, complex with

13-membered macrocycle, 1, 5, 8, 11-tetra-azacyclo tridecane-2, 4-dione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 4-cinnamalideneamino-3-ethyl-
5-mercapto-s-triazole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with α-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-
(2-nitrocyclohexyl)nitrone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Magnetic properties of mixed ligand complex of copper(II) with α-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-
N-(2-nitrocyclohexyl)nitrone and salicylaldehyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
N-(2-nitrocyclohexyl)nitrone and salicylaldoxime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
N-(2-nitrocyclohexyl)nitrone and 8-hydroxyquinoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
N-(2-nitrocyclohexyl)nitrone and 2-hydroxypyridine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 2, 3-dihydro-2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1H-1,
5-benzodiazepine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 3-(3, 5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)
quinoxaline-2-one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloride complex with azole based
biheterocyclic ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Magnetic properties of copper(II) thiocyanate complex with azole based
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloride complex with azole based
Magnetic properties of copper(II) thiocyanate complex with azole based
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with salicylidenevalinate ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with salicylidenevalinate ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Magnetic properties of homo binuclear copper(II) imidazolate bridged complex . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Magnetic properties of hetero binuclear copper(II)-nickel(II) imidazolate
bridged complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Magnetic properties of hetero binuclear copper(II)-zinc(II) imidazolate bridged complex . . . . 389
Magnetic properties of binuclear N6 22-membered tetraimine hexaazamacrocyclic
copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Magnetic properties of binuclear N6 22-membered tetraimine hexaazamacrocyclic
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of neutral tetradentate diamine ligand . . . . . . . . . 394
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of dibasic hexadentate Schiff-base . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
xvi Contents

Magnetic properties of dinuclear oxamidato-bridged copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Magnetic properties of dinuclear oxamidato-bridged copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Magnetic properties of 6-amino-1, 3-dimethyl-5-nitrosouracilato (N5, N6) 2,
20 -bipyridine (N, N0 )-ethanol(O)-copper(II) nitrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Magnetic properties of imidazolate-bridged trinuclear copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with methyl substituted 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-
pyridinethione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Magnetic properties of nitrosodicyanomethanide copper(II) complex with
1-methylimidazole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Magnetic properties of copper(II)-pteridine complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Magnetic properties of imidazolate-bridged copper dimer with tris(2-pyridyl)-methylamine
ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with α-[(ethylamino)methyl]-3-hydroxy-
benzenemethanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with linear tetradentate Schiff-base . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with tripodal tetradentate Schiff-base . . . . . . . . . . 441
Magnetic properties of TCB bridged three dimensional network structure
Magnetic properties of TCB bridged binuclear copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with pyrazole derived ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 1, 3-dimethyllumazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Contents xvii
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 1, 3, 6, 7-tetramethyllumazine . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with chiral salen-type ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with asymmetric tetraiminodiphenol
macrocyclic ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Magnetic properties of hetero-dinuclear manganese(II)-copper(II) complex with
asymmetric tetraiminodiphenol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with neutral dibenzoinlidene-
o-phenylenediamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
Magnetic properties of bimetallic copper(II) complex with neutral dibenzoinlidene-
p-phenylenediamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with dibasic form of dibenzoinlidene-
o-phenylenediamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Magnetic properties of bimetallic copper(II) complex with dibasic form of
dibenzoinlidene-p-phenylenediamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
Magnetic properties of bimetallic copper(II) complex having ferro-antiferro alternating
chain structure containing μ-1, 1, 3-azido bridging ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 6-amino-1, 3-dimethyl-5-nitroso-uracil . . . . . 485
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with dimethylvioluratic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Magnetic properties of (μ-oxalato)copper(II) complex with 1, 3-diaminopropane . . . . . . . . . . 489
Magnetic properties of (μ-oxalato)copper(II) complex with 1, 3-diaminopropane . . . . . . . . . . 491
Magnetic properties of (μ-oxalato)copper(II) complex with N-(2-aminoethyl)1,
3-propanediamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Magnetic properties of copper(II) dichloro complex of 1, 3-dimethyllumazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Magnetic properties of copper(II) dibromo complex of 1, 3-dimethyllumazine . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Magnetic properties of copper(II) dibromo complex of 1, 3, 6, 7-tetramethyllumazine . . . . . . 499
Magnetic properties of hexanuclear copper compound with multidentate amino
alcohol ligand having a propeller structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex of a 17-membered
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex of a 17-membered
Magnetic properties of tetranuclear copper(II) complex of a 17-membered
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) complex of a 17-membered
xviii Contents
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with N, N0 -bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methylsalicylidene)-2,

3-diamino-2, 3-dimethylbutane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with N, N0 -bis(3-tert-butyl-5-chlorosalicylidene)-2,
3-diamino-2, 3-dimethylbutane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with N, N0 -bis(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-
5-methylbenzyl)-2, 3-diamino-2, 3-dimethylbutane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with N, N0 -bis(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-
5-chlorobenzyl)-2, 3-diamino-2, 3-dimethylbutane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Magnetic properties of bis(1,3-diaminopropane)copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Magnetic properties of endogeneous alkoxo bridged dicopper(II) complex with 1,
3-bis[N-methyl-N-(2-pyridylethyl)amino]propan-2-ol and exogeneous pyrazolate ligands . . . . 527
3-bis[N-methyl-N-(2-pyridylethyl)amino]propan-2-ol and exogeneous azide ligands . . . . . . . . 529
3-bis[N-methyl-N-(2-pyridylethyl)amino]propan-2-ol and exogeneous acetate ligands . . . . . . . 531
Magnetic properties of polynuclear copper(II) complex, Cu2 with N,
N0 -bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-1, 3-diamino-2-propanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Magnetic properties of μ-oxalato bridged binuclear copper(II) compound with
1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Magnetic properties of μ-oxalato bridged binuclear copper(II) compound with
bis(3, 5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
Magnetic properties of coordination compound having complex cation of manganese(II)
and complex anion of copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Magnetic properties of dicarboxylato-bridged complex of dicopper(II), Cu2 with
phthalic acid and 1, 10-phenanthroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Magnetic properties of di-μ-hydroxobridged dicopper(II) complex with
N-salicylidenephenylhydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
N-salicylidene-p-tolyl-hydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
N-salicylidene-p-methoxyphenylhydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) chloro complex with
N-salicylidene-p-methoxyphenylhydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
N-salicylidene-p-chlorophenylhydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) chloro complex with
N-salicylidenehenylhydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
Contents xix
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) chloro complex with N-salicylidene-p-tolyl-

hydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) nitrato complex with
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with N-salicylidene phenylhydrazine . . . 566
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) aqua complex with
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) thiocyanato complex with
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) thiocyanato complex with N-salicylidene-p-
tolylhydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) thiocyanato complex with N-salicylidene-p-
methoxyhydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
Magnetic properties of copper(II) thiocyanato complex with N, N-diethylaminoethanol . . . . . 576
Magnetic properties of copper(II) thiocyanato complex with N, N-dimethylaminoethanol . . . . 578
Magnetic properties of mixed-valence copper(I, II) α, β-unsaturated acrylate complex with
triphenylphosphine and methanol ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
Magnetic properties of mixed-valence copper(I, II) α, β-unsaturated methyl
acrylate complex with triphenylphosphine and methanol ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Magnetic properties of dimeric, dichloro-bridged copper(II) complex with
benzoylhydrazone of 2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Magnetic properties of polymeric copper(II) complex with p-methoxybenzoylhydrazone
of 2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588
Magnetic properties of dimeric, copper(II) complex with benzoylhydrazone of
2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
Magnetic properties of dimeric copper(II) complex with p-methoxybenzoylhydrazone of
2-pyridine- carboxaldehyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
Magnetic properties of anhydrous copper(II) hexanoate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594
Magnetic properties of aqua-N-salicylidene-L-serinatocopper(II) monohydrate . . . . . . . . . . . 596
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with nicotinamide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with nicotinamide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Magnetic properties of binuclear copper(II) complex with {2, 6-bis[(N-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)
methyl]-4-bromophenol} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 6-amino-5-formyl-1,
3-dimethyluracilato-(N6)-benzoylhydrazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
xx Contents

Magnetic properties of copper(II) sulfate complex with 6-amino-5-formyl-1,
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of bis-tetradentate Schiff-base ligands . . . . . . . . . 618
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of bis-tetradentate Schiff-base ligands . . . . . . . . . 620
Magnetic properties of mixed ligand copper(II) complex of bis-tetradentate Schiff-base
and azide ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
Magnetic properties of dicopper(II) complex with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde
benozoylhydrazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624
Magnetic properties of pentafluoropropionate bridged copper(II)-nitroxide complex . . . . . . . 626
Magnetic properties of binuclear μ-oxalato copper(II) complex with 3,
30 -diamino-N-methyldipropylamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Magnetic properties of binuclear copper(II) complex with 3, 30 -diamino-N-
methyldipropylamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with levulinic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) complex with levulinic acid
and pyridine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) complex with levulinic acid and
2, 20 -bipyridine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
Magnetic properties of polynuclear copper(II) complex with levulinic acid and
triphenylphosphine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with polyfunctional nitroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
Magnetic properties of binuclear copper(II) complex with polyfunctional nitroxide . . . . . . . . 644
Magnetic properties of anhydrous binuclear copper(II) complex with
polyfunctional nitroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with antipyrine Schiff-base derivative . . . . . . . . . 650
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with macrocyclic Schiff-base
ligand derived from 2, 6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and α-ω-diamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with macrocyclic Schiff-base
ligand derived from 2, 6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and α-ω-diamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with macrocyclic Schiff-base ligand
of 2, 6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and α-ω-diamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662
Contents xxi
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with macrocyclic Schiff-base ligand

derived from 2, 6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and α-ω-diamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Magnetic properties of copper(II)-gadolinium(III) complex of N, N0 -bis(3-formyl-
5-methylsalicylidene)-1, 3-propanediamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
Magnetic properties of cyano-bridged polymeric mixed valence CuII/CuI complex with
diethylenetriamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with D-Gluconic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Magnetic properties of dicopper(II) complex of dinucleating fully saturated macrocycle . . . . 673
Magnetic properties of dicopper(II) complex of dinucleating macrocycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Magnetic properties of dicopper(II) complex of dinucleating macrocycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 1, 3, 5-tris-(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene . . . . 687
Magnetic properties of homo-bimetallic copper(II), Cu2, complex with 1, 3,
5-tris(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
Magnetic properties of homo trimetallic copper(II), Cu3, complex with 1, 3,
5-tris(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with polydentate hydrazonic ligand . . . 693
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) bromo complex with 3,
6-bis(di-2-pyridylmethyl)pyridazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) chloro complex with 3,
6-bis(di-2-pyridylmethyl)pyridazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with 3, 6-bis(di-2-pyridylmethyl)
pyridazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
Magnetic properties of tetraaquacopper(II) diaquabis(malonato) cuprate(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
Magnetic properties of polymeric, copper(II) complex with 1H-1, 2, 4-triazolo-3,
5-dicarboxylate and dien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with N,
N0 -bis-[2-dimethylamino)ethyl]oxamide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex containing dimethylglyoxime . . . . . . . . 707
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex containing dimethylglyoxime . . . . . . . . 709
Magnetic properties of trinuclear copper(II) complex containing dimethylglyoxime . . . . . . . . 711
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with 1, 10 -(4-methylpyrazol-3, 5-diyl)
diacetaldehyde dioxime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713
Magnetic properties of imidazolate-bridged polymeric copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
Magnetic properties of imidazole-bridged tetranuclear copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
xxii Contents
Magnetic properties of linear trinuclear copper(II) complex with chloride and

4-amino-3, 5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1, 2, 4-triazole as bridging ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
Magnetic properties of (μ-hydroxo)(μ-acetato)dicopper(II) complex containing chelating
amine (tmen) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Magnetic properties of (μ-hydroxo)(μ-acetato)dicopper(II) complex containing chelating
a amine (dmen) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
Magnetic properties of dinuclear chloro-hexaazamacrocyclic complex of copper(II) . . . . . . . . 725
Magnetic properties of dinuclear nitrato-hexaazamacrocyclic complex of copper(II) . . . . . . . 727
Magnetic properties of bis(trialkylphosphine)oxide complex of copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
Magnetic properties of dinuclear dimethylglyoximato complex of copper(II) with a
new coordination mode of oximate ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736
Magnetic properties of linear chain copper(II) compound with bridging chloride and
oxamidate ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with diisopropylsalicylate and
dimethylsulphoxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 3, 5-diisopropylsalicylate and
phenanthroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742
phenanthroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
2,9-dimethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 3, 5-diisopropylsalicylate and 4,
7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 3, 5-diiodosalicylate and water . . . . . . . . . . 747
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 3, 5-diiodosalicylate and 1,
10-phenanthroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 3, 5-dinitrosalicylate and water . . . . . . . . . . . 749
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with terpyridine and pseudo-halide . . . . . . . . . . . 750
Contents xxiii
Magnetic properties of imidazolato and chloro-bridged hexanuclear copper(II)

complex with 1, 1, 6, 6-tetrakis-(imidazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diazahexane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with quinquedentate pentaazamacrocycle . . . . . . . 769
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with quinquedentate pentaazamacrocycle . . . . . . . 771
Magnetic properties of acetato bridged tetranuclear copper(II) complex with 1, 3-bis
(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
Magnetic properties of trifluoroacetato bridged trinuclear, CuLa complex with 1,
3-bis(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775
Magnetic properties of octanuclear Cu6Y2 complex with 1,
3-bis(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
Magnetic properties of μ-hydroxo dicopper(II) complex with furan-based
hexaiminocryptand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780
Magnetic properties of μ-hydroxo dicopper(II) complex with furan-based
octaaminocryptand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782
Magnetic properties of μ-imidazole dicopper(II) complex with furan-based
octaaminocryptland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
Magnetic properties of 1, 3-μ-azido dicopper(II) complex with furan based
octaaminocryptland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786
Magnetic properties of μ-imidazole dicopper(II) complex with tetraiminocryptland . . . . . . . . 788
Magnetic properties of unsymmetrical macrocyclic binuclear copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . 790
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with bridging trans-oxamidate and azide . . . . . . . 798
Magnetic properties of dimeric copper(II) pyridone complex containing 2,
20 -bipyridyl ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
Magnetic properties of monomeric copper(II) pyridone complex containing 2,
20 -bipyridyl ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
Magnetic properties of binuclear copper(II) complex of an unsmmetrical pentadentate
Magnetic properties of copper(II) dimer containing pyridine-2-carbaldehyde
thiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
Magnetic properties of polymeric copper (II) complex with pyridazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810
Magnetic properties of trimetallic copper (II), Cu3 complex with pyridazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
Magnetic properties of copper (II) complex with bipyrimidine and croconic acid . . . . . . . . . . 814
Magnetic properties of two-dimensional sheet like copper(II) complex with bridging
pyridine-4-carboxylate and trans-oxamidate ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Magnetic properties of one-dimensional end-to-end cyanate-bridged
copper(II) compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
xxiv Contents
Magnetic properties of copper (II) complex with pyridylmethyl pendant-armed

derivative of O2N2 donor macrocyclic ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with pyridylmethyl pendant-armed
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with pyridylmethyl pendant-armed
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with bridging azide and
oxamidate ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chain with bridging azide and oxamidate ligands . . . . . . . . 830
Magnetic properties of copper(II) hydroxy hexylsulphates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832
Magnetic properties of copper (II) hydroxide acetate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834
Magnetic properties of intramolecularly H-bonded carboxylate copper(II) dimer
complex having methanol solvent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836
Magnetic properties of intramolecularly H-bonded carboxylate copper(II) dimer
complex having acetonitrile solvent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
Magnetic properties of bimetallic heptanuclear cyano bridged iron(II)-copper(II)
complex with tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
Magnetic properties of copper (II) complex of p-tert-butyltetrathiacalix[4]arene . . . . . . . . . . . 844
Magnetic properties of 3-D network of self-assembled tetranuclear copper(II)
aggregates having chiral channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with {N-[4-(aminophenyl)sulfonyl]acetamide} . . . . 848
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with {N-[4-(aminophenyl)sulfonyl]acetamide} . . . . 849
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with sulfanilamide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with D-glucose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with D-fructose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with D-galactose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with D-fructose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with D-galactose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with D-xylose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with D-ribose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with D-maltose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with diclofenac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with diclofenac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866
Magnetic properties of mixed ligand copper(II) complex of semicarbazone and pyridine . . . . 868
Magnetic properties of mixed ligand copper(II) complex of thiosemicarbazone
and pyridine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870
Contents xxv
Magnetic properties of μ-imidazolato-dicopper(II) complex with a binucleating

hexaazamacrocycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 2, 4-diaminopyrimidine derivative . . . . . . . . 875
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloride complex with 2-methylaminopyridine . . . . . . . . . . 877
Magnetic properties of copper(II) bromide complex with 2-methylaminopyridine . . . . . . . . . . 878
Magnetic properties of copper(II) nitrate complex with 2-methylaminopyridine . . . . . . . . . . . 879
Magnetic properties of copper(II) thiocyanate complex with 2-methylaminopyridine . . . . . . . 880
Magnetic properties of copper(II) perchlorate complex with 2-methylaminopyridine . . . . . . . 881
Magnetic properties of copper(II) sulphate complex with 2-methylaminopyridine . . . . . . . . . . 882
Magnetic properties of aqua-glycylglycinato-imidazole-copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 8-quinolinsulfonamide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloride complex with 2-methyl-3-amino(3H)-
quinazolin-4-one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886
Magnetic properties of copper(II) bromide complex with 2-methyl-3-amino(3H)-
quinazolin-4-one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888
Magnetic properties of copper(II) perchlorate complex with 2-methyl-3-amino(3H)-
quinazolin-4-one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890
Magnetic properties of copper(II) nitrate complex with 2-methyl-3-amino(3H)-
quinazolin-4-one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892
Magnetic properties of copper(II) sulphate complex with 2-methyl-3-amino(3H)-
quinazolin-4-one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894
Magnetic properties of copper(II) thiocyanate complex with 2-methyl-3-amino(3H)-
quinazolin-4-one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896
Magnetic properties of dimeric copper(II) complex of a tetraamino-tetrathioether ligand . . . . 898
Magnetic properties of ternary copper(II) complex of anticonvulsant drug valproate
with 2, 20 -bipyridine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900
with 1, 10-phenanthroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902
with 2, 9-dimethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904
Magnetic properties of polynuclear/monometallic copper(II) complex of anticovulsant
drug valproate with 4, 40 -bipyridine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
Magnetic properties of polynuclear/bimetallic copper(II), Cu2 complex of anticovulsant
drug valproate with 4, 40 -bipyridine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with valproate ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with imidazole derivative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with cinoxacin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with acetate and 6-methyl-2-
formylpyridinethiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
xxvi Contents
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with acetate and 2-formylpyridine-40 -

methylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with trifluoroacetate and 6-methyl-2-
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with trifluoroacetate and 2-formylpyridine-40 -
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with pentafluorothiophenolate and 6-methyl-2-
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with pentathiophenolate and 2-formylpyridine-40 -
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with bipyridine and 6-methyl-2-
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 2, 20 -bipyridine and 6-methyl-2-
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 2, 20 -bipyridine and 2-formylpyridine-40 -
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 4-dimethylaminopyridine and 6-methyl-2-
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 4-dimethylaminopyridine and
2-formylpyridine-40 -methylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with para-tritylphenolate and 6-methyl-2-
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with para-tritylphenolate and
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with hydrogenphosphate and 6-methyl-2-
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with hydrogenphosphate and
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 2-formylpyridine-20 -
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 2-formylpyridine-20 -
Magnetic properties of copper(II) bromo complex with β-ketonimine
(spectral and redox model for blue copper protein) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloro complex with β-ketonimine
Magnetic properties of copper(II) bromo complex with β-ketonimine
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloro complex with β-ketonimine
Magnetic properties of copper(II) acetato complex with β-ketonimine
Contents xxvii
Magnetic properties of copper(II) acetato complex with β-ketonimine

Magnetic properties of alkoxo-oxygen bridged copper(II) complex with
tridentate Schiff-base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex containing aminoalcoholate . . . . . . . . . . 990
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with an asymmetric
double pyrazolate bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992
Magnetic properties of Cu3, homo-trinuclear copper(II) complex bridged
by dimethylglyoxime group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994
xxviii Contents
Magnetic properties of Cu3, homo-trinuclear copper(II) complex bridged

by dimethylglyoxime group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996
Magnetic properties of di-μ-pyrazolate copper(II) complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998
Magnetic properties of polymeric copper(II) complex with quinic acid, with
copper as chiral centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000
Magnetic properties of polymeric copper(II) complex with quinic acid, with
copper as chiral centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002
Magnetic properties of dimeric copper(II) complex with quinic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with benzoylglycine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with ethylphthaloylglycine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with uric acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chelate of sulphur containing oximes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloro complex with 2-formylpyridine-
3-piperidinylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022
Magnetic properties of copper(II) bromo complex with 2-formylpyridine-
3-piperidinylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024
3-hexamethyleneiminyl-thiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026
3-hexamethyleneiminyl-thiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028
3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]-nonylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030
3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]- nonylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1032
Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with N,
N0 -bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-oxamide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034
Magnetic properties of mononuclear copper(II) complex with N,
N0 -bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-oxamide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloro complex with neutral malonamide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038
Magnetic properties of polymeric copper(II) chloro complex with neutral malonamide . . . . . 1039
Magnetic properties of copper(II) bromo complex with neutral malonamide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1040
Magnetic properties of polymeric copper(II) bromo complex with neutral malonamide . . . . . 1041
Magnetic properties of polymeric copper(II) complex with deprotonated malonamide . . . . . . 1042
Contents xxix
Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloro complex of 2-acetylpyridine-4N-

propylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043
Magnetic properties of copper(II) bromo complex of 2-acetylpyridine-4N-
propylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044
isopropylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045
isopropylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1047
butylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048
butylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1050
sec-butylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051
sec-butylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053
iso-butylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055
iso-butylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057
tert-butylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059
tert-butylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061
pentylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063
pentylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065
cyclopentylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067
cyclopentylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069
hexylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071
hexylthiosemicarbazone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072
Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with lactic acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Magnetic properties of copper(II)-gadolinium(III) heterobinuclear oxamido
bridged complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
Magnetic properties of copper(II) perchlorate complex with 12-membered tetra-imine
macrocycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076
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mistake. He has not troubled himself to seek in his royal features for
something by which he might be distinguished from the people about
him. Winged genii, king and viziers, all have the same eye, the same
nose and the same mouth. One would say that for each group of
bas-reliefs the original designer only drew one head, which was
repeated by tracing or some other process as often as there might
be heads in the composition, and that it was afterwards carved and
modelled in the alabaster by the chisel of the journeyman.
No, in spite of all that has been said, the Assyrians made no
portraits. They did not even attempt to mark in any precise fashion,
those physical characteristics by which they themselves were so
sharply divided from many of the races by whom they were
surrounded. Among the numerous peoples that figure in the sieges
and battles that cover the palace walls, although some, like the
Chaldæans, the Jews, and the Syrians, were near relations of their
own, others belonged either to the Aryan or Turanian family; but any
one who will examine the reliefs as we have done, will see that all
the prisoners of war and other vanquished enemies have the same
features as their conquerors.[162] The only exception to which we
can point is in the case of certain bas-reliefs of Assurbanipal in which
the episodes of an expedition into Susiana are retraced. There we
can perceive in some of the figures—by no means in all—an
endeavour on the part of the sculptor to mark the difference of race
otherwise than by details of costume and head-dress. Here and
there we find a head that suggests a negro;[163] but his
characteristics are never as clearly marked as in Egypt. This may be
merely the result of caprice on the part of some individual artist who
has amused himself by reproducing with the edge of the chisel some
head which had struck his fancy; but even here we only find one
profile several times repeated. The modelling is far from searching,
but wherever the work is in fair condition and the scale not too small
the character we have described may be easily distinguished. The
only differences over which the Assyrian sculptors naturally troubled
themselves were those of costume and equipment; thus we find
them recording that the people subdued in one of the expeditions of
Sennacherib wore a crown or wreath of feathers about their heads
(Fig. 48).[164] So, too, in the relief of a man with apes, the foot-
covering, a kind of buskin with upturned toes (Fig. 64), should be
noticed. But the lines of his profile remain unchanged; and yet there
can be no doubt that the sculptor here meant to represent a man of
negro race, because, as Layard, who dug up the monument, tells us,
traces of black paint might be distinctly perceived upon the faces of
this man and his companions.[165] On a Babylonian stele that we
have already figured (Fig. 43), some have attempted to recognize a
Mongol type, and thence to confirm the hypothesis that would make
a Turanian race the founders of the Chaldæan civilization. This, too,
we think a mistake.[166]
At first sight this curious monument surprises those who are
accustomed to Assyrian art, but the nature of the material has not a
little to do with that. The hardness and darkness of basalt affect the
treatment of the sculptor in quite a different way from a gypseous
stone like alabaster. Add to this that the proportions are quite unlike
those of the Ninevite reliefs. This Marduk-idin-akhi is a work of the
ancient school, which made its figures far shorter than those of such
Assyrian reliefs as have come down to us. Finally the head-dress
should be noticed. In place of being conical it is cylindrical, a form
which overweights the figure and shortens its apparent proportions.
On the whole, any one looking at this stele without bias on one side
or the other, will, we think, acknowledge that the type it presents is
the same as the figures at Nimroud, Khorsabad, and Kouyundjik. It
is, moreover, identical with that we see in monuments even older
than this royal Babylonian stele, such as the fragmentary relief found
by M. de Sarzec at Sirtella (Fig. 67).
Fig. 67.—Fragment of a Chaldæan bas-relief. Louvre.
Limestone. Height 3¾ inches.
The type which crops up so often in the pages of this history was
fixed, in all its main features, in the earliest attempts at plastic art
made by the Chaldæans. By them it was transmitted to their
scholars, the Assyrians, and during long centuries, until the fall of
Nineveh and Babylon, the painters and sculptors of Mesopotamia,
from the shores of the Persian Gulf to the foot of the mountains of
Armenia, did not cease to reproduce and perpetuate it, I might say to
satiety; they reproduced it with infinite patience, and, so far as we
can see, without once suspecting that the human visage might
sometimes vary its lines and present another aspect.
§ 4. On the Representations of Animals.
In the preceding pages our chief aim has been to determine the
nature and the mode of action of the influences under which the
Assyro-Chaldæan sculptor had to do his work. We have explained
how certain conditions hampered his progress and in some respects
arrested the development of his skill.
The height to which the plastic genius of this people might have
carried their art had their social habits been more favourable to the
study of the nude, may perhaps be better judged from their treatment
of animals than anything else. Some of these, both in relief and in
the round, are far superior to their human figures, and even now
excite the admiration of sculptors.
The cause of this difference is easily seen. When an artist had to
represent an animal, his study of its form was not embarrassed by
any such obstacle as a long and heavy robe. The animal could be
watched in its naked simplicity and all its instinctive and
characteristic movements grasped. The sculptor could follow each
contour of his model; he could take account of the way in which the
limbs were attached to the trunk; he saw the muscles swell beneath
the skin, he saw them tighten with exertion and relax when at rest.
He was not indifferent to such a sight; on the contrary, he eagerly
drank in the instruction it afforded, and of all the works he produced
those in which such knowledge is put into action are by far the most
perfect; they show us better than anything else how great were his
native gifts, and what a fund of sympathy with the beauties of life and
with its inexhaustible variety his nature contained. Whether he model
an animal separately or introduce it into some historic scene, it is
always well rendered both in form and movement.
This is to be most clearly seen in the rich and varied series of
Assyrian reliefs, but the less numerous works of the same kind of
Babylonian origin show the same tendency and at least equal talent.
In copying the principal types of the animal world with fidelity and
vigour, the Assyrian sculptors only followed the example set them by
their south-country masters.
Fig. 68.—Head of a cow, bronze.
British Museum. Width across the
cheeks 3¾ inches.
A cow’s head in bronze, which was brought from Bagdad by Mr.
Rassam, is broad in treatment and of great truth (Fig. 68); the same
good qualities are to be found in a terra-cotta tablet found by Sir
Henry Rawlinson in the course of his excavations in the Birs-
Nimroud (Fig. 69). It represents a man, semi-nude and beardless
and with a stout stick in his hand, leading a large and powerfully
made dog by a plaited strap. It is a sort of mastiff that might be used
for hunting the wild beasts in the desert and marshes, the wild boar,
hyena, and panther, if not the lion. The characteristics of the species
are so well marked that naturalists have believed themselves able to
recognise it as that of a dog which is still extant, not in Mesopotamia
indeed, but in Central Asia.[167] We may seek in it for the portrait of
one of those Indian hounds kept, in the time of Herodotus, by the
Satrap of Babylon. His pack was so numerous that it took the
revenues of four large villages to support it.[168]
Similar subjects were represented upon other tablets of the same
origin. One of them shows a lion about to devour a bull and disturbed
by a man brandishing a mace. Nothing could be more faithful than
the action of the animal; without letting go his prey he raises a paw,
its claws opened and extended and ready to be buried in the side of
the rash person who interrupts his meal.[169]
Fig. 69.—Terra-cotta tablet. British Museum. Height

3⅗ inches.
We may also mention a cylinder which, from its style, M. Ménant
does not hesitate to ascribe to the first Chaldæan monarchy. It
represents two oxen in a field of wheat. The latter, by a convention
that also found favour with the Greeks, is indicated by two of those
huge ears that so greatly astonished Herodotus.[170] Was it on a
similar principle that the Chaldæan engraver gave his oxen but one
horn apiece? In spite of this singularity and the peculiar difficulties
offered by work in intaglio on a very hard material, the forms are well
understood, and the artist has not been content to give them merely
in outline. At the croup and under the belly an effort has been made
to model the figure and to mark its thickness.
Judging from their style and inscriptions, several more of these
engraved stones may be ascribed to the oldest Chaldæan schools of
art, but we are satisfied with again reminding our readers that it was
in Lower Mesopotamia that everything had its beginning. We shall
take our remaining examples from the richer deposits of Assyria.
Fig. 70.—Cylinder of black marble. National Library, Paris.

Among all those animals that attracted the attention of man either
by their size or strength, either by the services they rendered or the
terror they caused, there were none that the chisel of the Assyrian
sculptor did not treat and treat with taste and skill. With their passion
for the chase the kings and nobles of Assyria were sure to love dogs
and to train them with scrupulous care.[171] They did more. They
employed sculptors in making portraits of them. In the palace of
Assurbanipal terra-cotta statuettes of his best dogs have been found
(Fig. 71). They belong to the same race as the Chaldæan mastiff
above mentioned, but their strength, their fire, I might almost say
their ferocity, is better shown in those pictures where they are no
longer in a state of repose, but in movement and action. Look at the
series of slabs representing the departure for the chase. The hounds
are held in the leash by attendants who carry bags on their
shoulders for the smaller game (see Fig. 72). Mark the tightened
cord, the straining bodies, the tension of every muscle in their desire
to get at their quarry! We can almost fancy we hear the deep,
confused bayings with which they prelude the regular music of the
hunt itself when the game is afoot. These animals are represented
with no less truth and vivacity when a kill has taken, or is about to
take, place. As an example of this we may point out a relief from the
same palace in which two of these bloodhounds launch themselves
upon a wild ass whose flight has been arrested by an arrow. The ass
still manages to stagger along, but he will not go far; the hounds are
already upon him and have buried their teeth in his flanks and croup.
[172]
Fig. 71.—Terra-cotta dog. British Museum. Height

2⅖ inches.
Other domestic animals are figured with no less sure a hand; to
each is given the proportions and attitudes that really characterise it.
We shall now study them all in succession; others have done so, and
have found much precious information upon the fauna of Western
Asia and upon the state of Mesopotamian civilization;[173] we shall
content ourselves with mentioning the principal types and those in
which the sculptor has shown most skill.
Fig. 72.—The hounds of Assurbanipal. British Museum. Height 26 inches. Drawn
by Saint-Elme Gautier.
The colossi of the gateways have already given us an opportunity

for showing how art enlisted the powerful limbs and natural majesty
of the bull in its service. Elsewhere the bovine race occupies a less
important part in Assyrian sculpture than in that of Egypt, in whose
tombs scenes of agricultural art are of such constant occurrence. We
find, however, the wild bull,[174] which the kings of Calah hunted in
the neighbouring desert (Fig. 15), and the draught ox, which, after a
lucky raid, the terrors of Asia drive before them with their prisoners
and other booty (Vol. I. Fig. 30).[175]—We may also point to the
heifer’s head in ivory which acts as tail-piece to the third chapter of
our first volume. We sometimes find also sheep and goats of both
sexes (Fig. 54);[176] but of all the animals that have close relations
with man, that which occurs most often on the palace walls is the
horse. They did not use him as a beast of burden; it was the mule
that was used for drawing carts (Vol. I. Fig. 31), for carrying women
and children and merchandise (Vol. I. Figs. 30 and 115). As with the
Arabs of to-day, the horse was reserved for war and hunting. But the
Assyrians were not, like the Egyptians, content to harness him to the
chariot; they rode him as well. Their armies comprised a numerous
and well-provided cavalry; and the Assyrian artist drew the horse a
great deal better than his Egyptian confrère.
The horses we meet with in the Assyrian sculptures are of a
heavier breed than Arabs; they are generally shorter and more
thickly set. Travellers believe the breed to still exist in the horses of
Kurdistan, a country which was bordered by ancient Assyria and
dependent upon it.[177] The head is small, well-formed, and well-
carried (Fig. 73), the shoulders sloping, the neck and limbs well set
on, and the muscles strongly marked. We have already had
occasion to figure horses at full speed (Vol. I. Fig. 5), standing still
(Vol. I. Figs. 67 and 115), and proceeding at a slow pace (Figs. 21
and 31).[178] No observer can avoid being struck by the truth of
attitude, and movement given by the Assyrian sculptor to horses
both driven and mounted. Nowhere is this merit more conspicuous
than in one of those bas-reliefs of Assurbanipal that figure the
episodes of a chase of wild asses (Fig. 74).
Fig. 73.—Chariot horses; from Layard.
Contrary to their usual habits the herd have allowed themselves
to be surprised. One of those armies of beaters who are yet
employed by eastern sovereigns on such occasions, has driven
them upon the hunters. The latter, preceded by their dogs, throw
themselves upon the herd, which breaks up in all directions. They
pierce those that are within reach with their arrows; those that do not
fall at once are pursued and brought down by the hounds. We
cannot reproduce the whole scene,[179] but we doubt whether there
is any school of animal painters that has produced anything more
true to nature than the action of this poor beast stopping in the
middle of his flight to launch futile kicks at his pursuers.
Fig. 74.—Wild ass. From the hunt of Assurbanipal, in the British Museum. Drawn
The ibex and the wild goat figure in the same sculptured pictures.
One marching in front of the herd turns and anxiously sniffs the wind,
while her companion quietly browses by her side; farther off, two kids
trot by the side of their mother. The alarm has not yet been given,
but upon the next slab the artist shows the headlong flight that
follows the discovery of the enemy. Naturally it is the wild and
domestic animals of Mesopotamia and the districts about that are
most commonly figured in these reliefs, but the sculptor also took
advantage of every opportunity and pretext for introducing into his
repertory those rare and curious animals which were only seen in
Nineveh on rare occasions. Thus the camel that we find in so many
pictures is the same as that which now occupies the same region
and marches in its slow caravans;[180] but on the obelisk of
Shalmaneser we find the double-humped Bactrian camel (Fig. 49).
[181] The clumsy tribe of the pachyderms is not only represented by
the wild boars that still have their lairs in the marshes of the lower
Euphrates;[182] the rhinoceros and the Indian elephant also occur on
the obelisk (Vol. I. Fig. 111).[183] The apes shown in our Fig. 64 also
seem to belong to an Indian species.[184]
The sculptor was not always as happily inspired by these exotic
animals as by those of his own country, and in that there is nothing
surprising. He only caught a passing glimpse of them as they defiled,
perhaps, before the people in some triumphal procession. On the
other hand, the fauna of his native land were known to him through
long habit, and yet his reproductions of the elephant and the
dromedary are very good, much better than those of the semi-human
ape. His idea of the rhinoceros is very faulty; the single horn planted
on the nose leaves no doubt as to his meaning, but the lion’s mane
with which the animal’s back is clothed has never belonged to the
rhinoceros. The artist may have worked from a description.
In these pictures birds hold a very secondary place; Assyrian
sculpture was hardly light enough of hand to render their forms and
feathers. For such a task, indeed, painting with its varied handling,
its delicate lines and brilliant colours is required. It was with the
brush that the Egyptians succeeded, in the frescoes of their tombs,
in figuring the principal birds of the Nile Valley with all their elegance
of form and brilliant variety of plumage. In Assyria, among a nation of
soldiers and in an art whose chief inspiration had to do with war, the
only bird we find often reproduced is the eagle, the symbol of victory,
who floats over the chariot of the king, and the vulture who devoured
where they fell the bodies of the enemies of Assyria; and even these
images are rather careless and conventional, which may perhaps be
accounted for by their partially symbolic character and their frequent
repetition.[185] A group of partridges rising and, in those sculptures of
the later Sargonids in which the artists show a love for picturesque
detail, birds hopping in the trees or watching over their nestlings,
have been mentioned as showing technical excellence of the same
kind as the hunting scenes.[186] The ostrich appears on the
elaborate decorations of the royal robes (Fig. 75) and upon the
cylinders (Fig. 76). Perhaps it was considered sacred.
Fig. 75.—Embroidery on the king’s robe; from Layard.
Fig. 76.—Fight between a man and an ostrich.

Chalcedony. National Library, Paris.
As for fishes, crabs, and shells, these were scattered broadcast
over the watercourses in the reliefs, but they are never studied with
any great care (see Vol. I., Figs. 34 and 157), nor is any attempt
made to distinguish their species. They seem to have been
introduced merely as hints to the spectator, to dispel any doubt he
may entertain as to the meaning of those sinuous lines by which the
sculptor suggested rivers and the sea. Where these indications are
not given we might indeed very easily mistake the artist’s intention
(see Vol. I., Figs. 38 and 71).
Some of the animals in the Assyrian reliefs are then nothing but
determinative signs, a kind of pictorial gloss. Of these it will suffice to
mention the existence. Their forms are so much generalized that
they offer no matter for study. On the other hand, our best attention
should be given to those figures whose modelling has strongly
interested the artist, who has taken a lively pleasure in reproducing
their various aspects and in making them live again in all the
originality of their powerful and exceptional natures. In this respect
the lion deserves particular notice. He interested the Assyrian
sculptors more profoundly than any other animal and they devoted
extraordinary attention to illustrating his various attitudes and
characteristics. One is inclined to believe that the more skilful among
them chose a lion for treatment when they wished to display all the
talent they possessed and to gain a reputation for complete mastery
of their art.[187]
Here we find the great beast stretched carelessly upon the
ground, full of confidence in his strength and careless of danger
(Plate XI.); there he rises to his feet and advances ready to collect
himself and spring upon any threatening enemy or passing prey
(Plate VIII.). We sometimes find both these motives united, as in a
bas-relief of Assurbanipal, which is unfortunately mutilated (Fig. 77).
Here a lioness is stretched upon the ground, her head upon her
forepaws and her tail outstretched behind her, in a favourite attitude
of very young cats. The lion stands upright before her in a proud,
extended attitude like that of the colossal lion from Nimroud (Plate
VIII.); his head and the hind parts of his body are unfortunately
missing.
BRONZE LION
FROM KHORSABAD
Louvre
Elsewhere we find the lion cautiously emerging from a stoutly-

built timber cage (Fig. 78). He has been captured in a net or snare
and shut up in this narrow prison until the day of some great hunt.
[188] When that arrives the door is raised at a given signal by a man
perched on the top of the cage and protected by a timber grating. In
spite of this defence the service would hardly be free from danger
but that the lion is too pleased to find himself at liberty to look behind
him.[189]
Fig. 77.—Lion and lioness in a park. British Museum.
The lion finds himself confronted by the Royal huntsman who

fights, as a rule, from his chariot, where two or three companions,
chosen from his bravest and most skilful servants, are ready to lend
him help if necessary. The British Museum possesses a great
number of sculptured pictures in which every incident of the hunt is
figured up to its inevitable end. We reproduce two figures from the
slabs representing the great hunt of Assurbanipal. The first shows a
huge lion mortally wounded by an arrow which still stands in his
body. It has transfixed some great vessel, and the blood gushes in a
wide torrent from his open mouth. Already the chills of death are
upon him and yet with his back arched, and his feet brought together
and grasping the soil, he collects his energies in a last effort to
prevent himself rolling over helplessly on the sand.
Fig. 78.—Lion coming out of his cage. Height of relief about 22 inches. British
Museum.
Drawn by Saint-Elme Gautier.
Fig. 79.—Wounded lion. Height of slab about 22 inches. British Museum. Drawn
Still more expressive, perhaps, and more pathetic, is the picture
of a lioness struck down by the same hand, but in a different fashion
(Fig. 80). One of three arrows that have reached her has transfixed
the spinal column at the loins. All the hinder part of the body is
paralysed. The hind feet drag helplessly on the ground, while the
poor animal still manages for a moment to support herself on her
fore paws. She still faces the enemy, her half opened jaws are at
once agonised and menacing, and, as we gaze upon her, we can
almost fancy that we hear her last groan issue from her dying lips.
We might multiply these examples if we chose, but the two
fragments we have reproduced will, we hope, send our readers to
the British Museum to see the Hunt of Assurbanipal for themselves.
In any case they are enough to prove that the Assyrian sculptor
studied the lion from nature. He was not without opportunities. He
was, no doubt, allowed to assist at those great hunts of which he
was to be the official chronicler. He there saw the king of beasts
throw himself on the spears of the footmen or fly before the arrows of
the charioteers, and break the converging line of beaters; he saw
him fall under his repeated wounds and struggle in his last
convulsions. Later on he could supplement his recollections, he
could complete and correct his sketches by the examination of the
victims.[190] At the end of the day the “bag” was displayed as it is
now at the end of a modern battue, when the keepers bring
pheasants, hares and rabbits, and lay them in long rows in some
clearing or corner of the covert. In one of the Kouyundjik reliefs we
see the king standing before an altar and doing his homage to the
gods after the emotions and dangers of a hunt that was almost a
battle.[191] He seems to pour the wine of the libation upon four dead
lions, which his attendants have arranged in line upon the ground.
There must also have been tame lions in the palaces and royal
parks. Even now they are often to be met with in that country, under
the tent of the Arab chief or in the house of the bey or pacha.[192]
When captured quite young the lion is easily educated, and,
provided that his appetite is never allowed to go unsatisfied, he may
be an inoffensive and almost a docile companion until he is nearly
full grown. We are ready to believe that the lion and lioness shown in
our Fig. 77 were tame ones. The background of the relief suggests a
park attached to the royal residence, rather than a marsh, jungle or
desert. Vines heavy with fruit and bending flowers rise above the
dozing lioness; we can hardly suppose that wild animals could
intrude into such a garden. It follows, then, that the artist could study
his models as they moved at freedom among the trees of the royal
demesne, basking idly in the sun or stretching themselves when they
rose, or burying their gleaming teeth on the living prey thrown to
them by their keepers.
Thanks to such facilities as these the Ninevite sculptors have
handed down to us more faithful reproductions of the lion than their
more skilful successors of Greece or Rome. For the latter the lion
was little more than a conventional type from which ornamental
motives might be drawn. Sometimes no doubt they obtained very
fine effects from it, but they always considered themselves free to
modify and amplify, according to the requirements of the moment.
Thus they were often led to give him full and rounded forms, which
had a beauty of their own but were hardly true to nature. The

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Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic

Compounds Magnetic Susceptibility

Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds Magnetic

Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds Magnetic

Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds Magnetic

Advances in magnetic materials : processing,

Fundamentals and applications of magnetic materials 1st

Rare earth and transition metal doping of semiconductor

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Vasudevan Ramesh

Magnetic Monopole Noise Ritika Dusad

Magnetic Susceptibility Data – Part 5

Group II: Molecules and Radicals

Units and Fundamental Constants in Physics and Chemistry

Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms (Group I)

Molecules and Radicals (Group II)

Condensed Matter (Group III)

Physical Chemistry (Group IV)

Astronomy and Astrophysics (Group VI)

Biophysics (Group VII)

Advanced Materials and Technologies (Group VIII)

Magnetic Susceptibility Data – Part 5

R.T. Pardasani • P. Pardasani

ISSN 1615-1852 ISSN 1616-9530 (electronic)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015940003

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature

New Delhi Archana Gupta

Magnetic properties of copper(II)-zinc(II) heterodinuclear complex of Schiff-base

Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with N, N0 , N00 , N000 -tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,

Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex of trans-N, N0 -

Magnetic properties of pentacopper cluster (12-metallacrown-4) complex containing

Magnetic properties of bis(pyridine) bridged complex of copper(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Magnetic properties of hetero trinuclear complex of copper(II) and nickel(II), Cu2Ni,

Magnetic properties of copper(II) acetate complex of macrocycle ligand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Magnetic properties of trinuclear lanthanum(III)-copper(II), La2-Cu, complex with

Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex of dibasic hexadentate Schiff-base . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 1, 3, 6, 7-tetramethyllumazine . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with N, N0 -bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methylsalicylidene)-2,

Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) chloro complex with N-salicylidene-p-tolyl-

Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with 6-amino-5-formyl-1,

Magnetic properties of dinuclear copper(II) complex with macrocyclic Schiff-base ligand

Magnetic properties of linear trinuclear copper(II) complex with chloride and

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Magnetic properties of μ-imidazolato-dicopper(II) complex with a binucleating

Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with acetate and 2-formylpyridine-40 -

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§ 4. On the Representations of Animals.

Fig. 69.—Terra-cotta tablet. British Museum. Height

Fig. 70.—Cylinder of black marble. National Library, Paris.

Fig. 71.—Terra-cotta dog. British Museum. Height

The colossi of the gateways have already given us an opportunity

Fig. 76.—Fight between a man and an ostrich.

Elsewhere we find the lion cautiously emerging from a stoutly-

The lion finds himself confronted by the Royal huntsman who

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