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Textbook Mathematics in The Real World Christine Zuchora Walske Ebook All Chapter PDF
Textbook Mathematics in The Real World Christine Zuchora Walske Ebook All Chapter PDF
Christine Zuchora-Walske
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STEM IN THE REAL WORLD
L WO R L D
S
A
C
E
I
H E R
T
ST E M I N T
H EM A
Zuchora-Walske
Core Library
M AT L WO R LD
E A
Author
E R
How are scientists building the future, and how can
you join them in the laboratories of tomorrow? STEM in
the Real World brings science, technology, engineering, IN TH
ICS
E R
T
I N T H
A
ST E M
M ATH EM D
WO R L
IN TH E REAL
a ls k e
e Zu c h o ra -W
b y C h ri s ti n
Content Consultant
Dr. Karin Wiburg
Professor of Learning Technologies Core Library
New Mexico State University An Imprint of Abdo Publishing
abdopublishing.com
Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Zuchora-Walske, Christine
Mathematics in the real world / Christine Zuchora-Walske
p. cm. -- (STEM in the real world)
ISBN 978-1-68078-041-3 (lib. bdg.)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Mathematics--Juvenile literature. I. Title.
510--dc23
2015945540
CHAPTER ONE
The Power of Mathematics . . . . 4
CHAPTER TWO
The History of Math . . . . . . . . . 14
CHAPTER THREE
Making a Living with Math . . 28
CHAPTER FOUR
Tomorrow’s Mathematics . . . . 36
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
THE POWER OF
MATHEMATICS
I
n 1781 a brother and sister in England found
something amazing. William and Caroline Herschel
discovered a new planet. It was the first planet
found with a telescope. William and Caroline had built
the telescope themselves.
Until then, there were only six known planets.
They were Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and
.
to fi n d m o re p la n e ts
e d a ra c e
ls ’ d is c o v e ry la u n c h
he
T h e H e rs c to o l in th is
ra c e .
M a th w a s a k e y 5
10
12
13
THE HISTORY
OF MATH
H
umans have always thought about math.
Amounts, sizes, shapes, and speed are
key to surviving. Early humans had to
notice when food was scarce. They had to judge
how far away prey was. They had to do the same for
dangerous animals.
Humans are born with basic math abilities. But
they are not born knowing how to do complex math.
iv a l.
d n u m b e rs fo r s u rv
m a th a n
c p e o p le u s e d b a s ic
P re h is to ri 15
16
18
1
3
10
21
83
Applied Math
Math has helped humans make many useful
discoveries. For example, at one time most people
believed Earth was the center of the universe.
21
22
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Computing
The computer is another useful result of applied math.
Computers grew from the need to count and calculate
large numbers. The earliest counting tool appeared
in the 2000s BCE. It was the counting board. This tool
was a wood, clay, stone, or metal tablet. It had a slot
for each place value. Counters such as pebbles were
used in each slot.
In the early 1600s, people began making
mechanical calculators. These calculators worked
with gears, like wind-up clocks. In the early 1800s,
Englishman Charles Babbage came up with the
idea of running a mechanical calculator with a
steam engine. He worked with Ada Lovelace, a
mathematician who developed ways to use his
calculating device. Then, in the 1880s, American
engineer Herman Hollerith designed an electric
mechanical calculator. This machine worked so well
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