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Metallic Materials Properties
Development and Standardization

MMPDS 11 Battelle Memorial Institute
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Metallic Materials Properties
Development and Standardization
(MMPDS)
MMPDS-11
July 2016
Scientific Source:
Metallic Materials design data acceptable to Government
procuring or certification agencies.
A joint effort of government, industrial, educational, and

international aerospace organizations.
MMPDS-11
Copyright 2016 Battelle Memorial Institute. All rights reserved. Unauthorized
duplication or distribution may violate the Copyright Laws of the United States
and of other jurisdictions.
Except as expressly provided below, the copyrighted work contained herein may not be
copied, modified, adapted, translated, included in derivative works or transferred to a third
party. The information may be subject to export control laws and regulations of the United
States. The user represents and warrants that the information will not be exported, transferred,
sublicensed, copied, shared, disclosed, or used in any way except in compliance with all
applicable export control laws and regulations of the United States.
The owner of this copy of the Handbook is hereby granted a limited license to make
copies of no more than 10 individual pages of the Handbook (but specifically not including
multiple sections or volumes) from this copy at a time for the sole purpose of attaching as
reference and supporting information to a document authored by the owner.
The user of this Handbook assumes the responsibility for the selection of material
properties from it to meet their requirements. The information contained herein is provided as-is
without warranty. There are no warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including but
not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
MMPDS-11
1 July 2016
FOREWORD
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook, is an

accepted source for metallic material and fastener system allowables recognized by the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense (DoD), and the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) within the limitations of the certification
requirements of the specific government agency. Some of these limitations are noted below.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA):

Per guidance provided by FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 25.613-1 and FAA policy memorandum
PS-AIR100-2006-MMPDS, the ‘A’ and ‘B’ basis values published for materials in the MMPDS
have been determined by the FAA to satisfy the material strength probability levels required by
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) §§ 27.613(d), § 29.613(d), §25.613(b) and
§ 23.613(b). These values can be used to demonstrate compliance with the static strength
requirements of 14 CFR without further showing. Other data provided (e.g. S-basis properties,
fatigue, crack growth, stress-strain curves) in the Handbook might be used for design following
FAA ACs and policy. The final determination on their applicability rests with the civil aviation
authority responsible for finding compliance for the particular aircraft system on a case-by-case
basis.
Department of Defense (DoD):

Per guidance provided in the Joint Service Specification Guide (JSSG) 2006 and MIL-STD-1530,
the “A” and “B” basis design allowables published for materials in the MMPDS have been
determined by Department of Defense (DoD) services to satisfy the strength and statistical
variability requirements for airframe metallic materials. Other data (e.g. S-basis properties,
fatigue, crack growth, stress-strain curves) in the Handbook may be used for design. However,
the final determination of the acceptability of data rests with the cognizant design authority
responsible for finding compliance for the particular aircraft system.
National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA):

The “A” and “B” basis design allowables published in the MMPDS handbook have been
accepted by the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) as satisfying the strength
requirements for metallic materials used in spacecraft and launch vehicles, as tailored in NASA-
STD-6016. Other data (e.g. S-basis properties, fatigue, stress-strain curves) in the Handbook
may be used for design. However, the final determination of the acceptability of data rests with
the NASA design authority responsible for the particular system.
MMPDS-11 supersedes MMPDS-10 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all
editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook
that was maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air
Force in March 2006.
This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic
materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained
in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and
i
MMPDS-11
1 July 2016
ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major
material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are
continuously reviewed, and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in
materials and fastener systems, and with the review process of existing information, periodic updates of the
MMPDS should be expected. As such, it is recommended that the latest version of the MMPDS be used.
The allowables contained in the published document, or from approved minutes of the Metallic
Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) handbook coordination meetings, are
acceptable to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Department of Defense (DoD), and the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), per the conditions as outlined above. The
minutes are copyright protected and are considered approved 30 days after release of meeting minutes, if
no objections or corrections have been received by Battelle, or 30 days after a technical change. Approval
by the procuring or certificating agency must be obtained for the use of design values for products not
contained herein.
Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data that may be
of use in improving this document should be addressed to Secretariat, MMPDS Coordination Activity
(614-424-6496 voice or bcommpds@battelle.org email), Battelle, MMPDS, 505 King Avenue, Columbus,
OH 43201. You may also contact the Secretariat through the handbook website, www.mmpds.org.
This Handbook has been approved for public release with unlimited distribution.
Preparing activity:
FAA - William J. Hughes Technical Center
ii
MMPDS-11
1 July 2016
EXPLANATION OF NUMERICAL CODE
For chapters containing materials properties, a deci-numeric system is used to identify sections of
text, tables, and illustrations. This system is explained in the examples shown below. Variations of this
deci-numerical system are also used in Chapters 1, 8, and 9.
Example A 2.4.2.1.1
General material category (in this case, steel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A logical breakdown of the base material by family characteristics

(in this case, intermediate alloy steels); or for element properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Particular alloy to which all data are pertinent. If zero, section contains comments
on the family characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
If zero, section contains comments specific to the alloy; if it is an integer, the

number identifies a specific temper or condition (heat treatment). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Type of graphical data presented on a given figure

(see following description). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example B 3.2.3.1.X
Aluminum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2000 Series Wrought Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2024 Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T3, T351, T3510, T3511, T4, and T42 Tempers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specific Property as Follows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tensile properties (ultimate and yield strength). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Compressive yield and shear ultimate strengths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Bearing properties (ultimate and yield strength). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Modulus of elasticity, shear modulus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Elongation, total strain at failure, and reduction of area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Stress-strain curves, tangent-modulus curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Creep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fatigue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Fatigue-Crack Propagation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Fracture Toughness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
iii
MMPDS-11
1 July 2016
REGISTERED TRADEMARKS
Trademark Registered by Chemistry UNS Number

15-5PH® AK STEEL CORP. 15Cr - 4.6Ni - 0.22Cb - 2.8Cu J92110
15Cr - 4.5Ni - 0.30Cb - 3.5Cu S15500
17-4-PH® 1 ARMCO INC. CORP. 16Cr - 4.1Ni - 0.28Cb - 3.2Cu J92200
16.5Cr - 4.0Ni - 4.0Cu - 0.30Cb S17400
17-7PH® ARMCO INC. CORP 17Cr-7.1Ni-1.1Al J17700
ACRES® CLICK BOND, INC. NA NA
sleeves
AerMet® 100 CRS HOLDINGS INC. 3.1Cr-11.5Ni-13.5Co-1.2Mo (0.21 - K92580

0.25C)
AM-350™ ALLEGHENY LUDLUM 16.5Cr - 4.5Ni - 2.9Mo - 0.10N S35000

CORP.
AM-355™ ALLEGHENY LUDLUM 15.5Cr - 4.5Ni - 2.0Mo - 0.10N S35500

CORP.
Cherry® TEXTRON FASTENING NA NA

SYSTEMS, INC.
Cherrybucks® TEXTRON FASTENING NA NA

SYSTEMS, INC.
Custom450® CRS HOLDINGS INC. 15Cr - 6.5Ni - 0.75Mo - 0.30 (Cb + Ta) S45000
- 1.5Cu
Custom455® CRS HOLDINGS INC. 12Cr-8.5Ni-2.0Cu-1.1Ti S45500
Custom465® CRS HOLDINGS INC. 6A1- 6V - 2SN none
Ferrium® S53® QUES TEK 10Cr-5.5Ni-14Co-2Mo-1W (0.19- S10500

INNOVATIONS LLC 0.23C)
Ferrium® QUES TEK 1Cr-10Ni-7Co-2Mo-1.3W (0.28-0.32C) K91973
M54™ INNOVATIONS LLC
Hastelloy® X HAYNES 47.5Ni-22Cr-1.5Co-9.0Mo N06002

INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Elektron® 21 MAGNESIUM EV31A Similar to

ELEKTRON M12310
HAYNES® HAYNES NA NA
INTERNATIONAL, INC.
230® HAYNES 59Ni-22Cr-2Mo-14W-0.35Al N06230

INTERNATIONAL, INC.
282® HAYNES 57Ni-20Cr-10Co-8.5Mo- N07208

INTERNATIONAL, INC. 2.1Ti-1.5Al-0.005B
Hi-Lok® HI-SHEAR CORP. NA NA
Hi-Shear® HI-SHEAR CORP. NA NA
HR-120® HAYNES 35Fe - 24Cr - 37Ni - 0.65Cb - 0.2N N08120

INTERNATIONAL, INC.
v
MMPDS-11
1 July 2016
REGISTERED TRADEMARKS (Continued)
Trademark Registered by Chemistry UNS Number

HITACHI METALS AND
HSL180TM SUMITOMO PRECISION 12.5Cr-1.0Ni-15.5Co-2.0Mo NA
PRODUCTS
HUNTINGTON ALLOYS
INCONEL® NA NA
CORP.
19Cr - 36Co - 25Ni - 7.0Mo - 0.50Cb -
MP159® SPS TECHNOLOGY R30159
2.9Ti - 0.20Al - 9.0Fe
MP35N® SPS TECHNOLOGY 20Cr - 35Ni - 35Co - 10Mo R30035
PH13-8® Mo ARMCO INC. CORP. 13Cr-8.0Ni-2.2Ni-1.1Al S13800
PH15-7® Mo ARMCO INC. CORP. 15Cr - 7.1Ni - 2.5Mo - 1.1A1 S15700
TELEDYNE INDUSTRIES 54Ni - 19Cr - 11Co - 9.8Mo - 3.2Ti -
RENE3 ® 41 N0704
INC. 1.5Al - 0.006B
ToughMet® 3 MATERION BRUSH INC. 77Cu-15Ni-8Sn C72900
vi
MMPDS-11 COMPLETE HANDBOOK
Foreword i
Explanation of Numerical Code iii
Registered Trademarks v
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL C1-1
1.1 PURPOSE AND USE OF DOCUMENT C1-1
1.1.1 INTRODUCTION C1-1
1.1.2 SCOPE OF HANDBOOK C1-1
1.2 NOMENCLATURE C1-3
1.2.1 SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS C1-3
1.2.2 INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS C1-3
1.3 COMMONLY USED FORMULAS C1-5
1.3.1 GENERAL C1-5
1.3.2 SIMPLE UNIT STRESSES C1-5
1.3.3 COMBINED STRESSES (SEE SECTION 1.5.3.5) C1-5
1.3.4 DEFLECTIONS (AXIAL) C1-5
1.3.5 DEFLECTIONS (BENDING) C1-5
1.3.6 DEFLECTIONS (TORSION) C1-6
1.3.7 BIAXIAL ELASTIC DEFORMATION C1-6
1.3.8 BASIC COLUMN FORMULAS C1-6
1.3.9 INELASTIC STRESS-STRAIN RESPONSE C1-7
1.4 BASIC PRINCIPLES C1-9
1.4.1 GENERAL C1-9
1.4.1.1 Basis C1-9
1.4.1.2 Statistically Calculated Values C1-10
1.4.1.3 Ratioed Values C1-10
1.4.1.4 Choosing Appropriate Allowables C1-10
1.4.2 STRESS C1-10
1.4.3 STRAIN C1-10
1.4.3.1 Poisson’s Ratio Effect C1-11
1.4.3.2 Shear Strain C1-11
1.4.3.3 Strain Rate C1-11
1.4.3.4 Elongation and Reduction of Area C1-11
1.4.4 INTRODUCTION TO STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN MMPDS C1-11
1.4.4.1 The One Parameter Ramberg-Osgood Stress Strain Curve C1-14
1.4.4.2 The Two Parameter Bron Stress Strain Curve C1-16
1.4.4.3 Tensile Properties C1-17
1.4.4.4 Modulus of Elasticity (E) C1-20
1.4.4.5 Tensile Proportional Limit Stress (Ftp) C1-21
1.4.4.6 Tensile Yield Stress (TYS or Fty) C1-22
1.4.4.7 Tensile Ultimate Stress (TUS or Ftu) C1-22
TOC-1
1.4.4.8 Elongation (e) C1-22

1.4.4.9 Reduction of Area (RA) C1-22
1.4.4.10 Design Stress-Strain Curves C1-22
1.4.4.11 Dynamic Modulus (ED) C1-23
1.4.5 COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES C1-24
1.4.5.1 Compressive Ultimate Stress (Fcu) C1-24
1.4.5.2 Compressive Yield Stress (CYS or Fcy) C1-24
1.4.6 SHEAR PROPERTIES C1-24
1.4.6.1 Modulus of Rigidity (G) C1-24
1.4.6.2 Ultimate and Yield Stresses in Shear (SUS or Fsu) and (SYS or Fsy) C1-25
1.4.7 BEARING PROPERTIES C1-26
1.4.7.1 Bearing Yield (BYS or Fbry) and Ultimate (BUS or Fbru) Stress C1-27
1.4.7.2 Bearing Load Orientation C1-27
1.4.8 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS C1-29
1.4.8.1 Low Temperature C1-29
1.4.8.2 Elevated Temperature C1-29
1.4.9 FATIGUE PROPERTIES C1-31
1.4.9.1 Terminology C1-31
1.4.9.2 Graphical Display of Fatigue Data C1-31
1.4.10 METALLURGICAL INSTABILITY C1-33
1.4.11 BIAXIAL PROPERTIES C1-33
1.4.11.1 Biaxial Modulus of Elasticity C1-34
1.4.11.2 Biaxial Yield Stress C1-35
1.4.11.3 Biaxial Ultimate Stress C1-35
1.4.12 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS C1-35
1.4.12.1 Brittle Fracture C1-36
1.4.12.2 Brittle Fracture Analysis C1-36
1.4.12.3 Critical Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness C1-37
1.4.12.4 Fracture in Plane-Stress and Transitional-Stress States C1-38
1.4.12.5 Apparent Fracture Toughness Values for Plane-Stress and Transitional-Stress States C1-39
1.4.12.6 Crack Resistance (R-Curve) C1-40
1.4.13 FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH C1-44
1.4.13.1 Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing C1-44
1.4.13.2 Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis C1-45
1.4.13.3 Fatigue Crack Growth Data Presentation C1-46
1.4.14. Use of Values for Heat Treat by User Materials C1-47
1.5 TYPES OF FAILURES C1-49
1.5.1 GENERAL C1-49
1.5.2 MATERIAL FAILURES C1-49
1.5.2.1 Direct Tension or Compression C1-49
1.5.2.2 Shear C1-49
TOC-2
1.5.2.3 Bearing C1-49

1.5.2.4 Bending C1-49
1.5.2.5 Failure Due to Stress Concentrations C1-50
1.5.2.6 Failure From Combined Stresses C1-50
1.5.3 INSTABILITY FAILURES C1-50
1.5.3.1 Instability Failures Under Compression C1-50
1.5.3.2 Instability Failures Under Bending C1-50
1.5.3.3 Instability Failures Under Torsion C1-50
1.5.3.4 Failure Under Combined Loadings C1-50
1.6 COLUMNS C1-51
1.6.1 GENERAL C1-51
1.6.2 PRIMARY INSTABILITY FAILURES C1-51
1.6.2.1 Columns With Stable Sections C1-51
1.6.2.2 Maximum Column Stress FCO for Stable Cross Sections C1-53
1.6.2.3 Torsional Instability C1-53
1.6.2.4 Other Considerations C1-54
1.6.3 LOCAL INSTABILITY FAILURES C1-54
1.6.3.1 Crippling Stress (Fcc) C1-54
1.6.4 CORRECTION OF COLUMN TEST RESULTS C1-54
1.6.4.1 Nature of “Short Column Curve” C1-54
1.6.4.2 Local Failure C1-54
1.6.4.3 Reduction of Column Test Results on Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys to
Standard Material C1-54

1.6.4.4 Reduction of Column Test Results to Standard Material-Alternate Method C1-60
1.6.5 COMPACT SECTION BUCKLING AND Et ESTIMATES C1-62
1.6.5.1 Column Curve Comparison Criteria C1-64
1.6.5.2 Compressive Stress Strain and Et Figure Footnotes C1-64
1.7 THIN-WALLED AND STIFFENED THIN-WALLED SECTIONS C1-65
1.8 ALLOWABLES-BASED FLOW STRESS FOR NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS C1-67
1.8.2 DETAILED PROCEDURE C1-67
1.8.3 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS C1-70
1.9 ESTIMATION OF AVERAGE TENSILE PROPERTIES FROM A- AND B-BASIS DESIGN
ALLOWABLES C1-71
1.9.2 GENERAL TRENDS C1-71
REFERENCES REF-C1-1
CHAPTER 2 STEEL ALLOYS C2-1
2.1 GENERAL C2-1
2.1.1 ALLOY INDEX C2-1
2.1.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES C2-2
TOC-3
2.1.2.1 Mechanical Properties C2-3

2.1.2.2 Physical Properties C2-6
2.1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS C2-9
2.1.4 OBSOLETE ALLOYS, HEAT TREATMENTS, AND PRODUCT FORMS C2-9
2.2 CARBON STEELS C2-13
2.2.0 COMMENTS ON CARBON STEELS C2-13
2.2.0.1 Metallurgical Considerations C2-13
2.2.0.2 Manufacturing Considerations C2-13
2.2.0.3 Environmental Considerations C2-14
2.2.1 AISI 1025 C2-15
2.2.1.0 Comments and Properties C2-15
2.3 LOW-ALLOY STEELS (AISI GRADES AND PROPRIETARY GRADES) C2-19
2.3.0 COMMENTS ON LOW-ALLOY STEELS (AISI AND PROPRIETARY GRADES) C2-19
2.3.0.2 Manufacturing Conditions C2-19
2.3.1 SPECIFIC ALLOYS C2-23
2.3.1.1 AISI Low-Alloy Steels C2-23
2.3.1.2 AISI 4130 and 8630 Steels C2-23
2.3.1.3 AISI 4340 Steel C2-23
2.3.1.4 300M Steel C2-23
2.3.1.5 D6AC Steel C2-23
2.4 INTERMEDIATE ALLOY STEELS C2-75
2.4.0 Comments on Intermediate Alloy Steels C2-75
2.4.1 5CR-MO-V C2-75
2.4.1.1 Heat-Treated Condition C2-79
2.4.2 9Ni-4Co-0.20C C2-83
2.4.3 9Ni-4Co-0.30C C2-88
2.5 HIGH-ALLOY STEELS C2-99
2.5.0 COMMENTS ON HIGH-ALLOY STEELS C2-99
2.5.1 18 NI MARAGING STEELS C2-101
TOC-4

2.5.1.1 Maraged Condition (aged at 900ºF) C2-101
2.5.2 AF1410 C2-110
2.5.3 AERMET 100 C2-113
2.5.3.1 280-300 ksi Heat-Treated Condition C2-115
2.5.3.2 290-310 ksi Heat-Treated Condition C2-117
2.5.4 FERRIUM S53 C2-119
2.5.4.1 Heat Treated Condition C2-122
2.5.5 FERRIUM M54 C2-131
2.5.5.1 Aged at 960°F Condition C2-134
2.6 PRECIPITATION- AND TRANSFORMATION-HARDENING STEELS (STAINLESS) C2-137
2.6.0 COMMENTS ON PRECIPITATION AND TRANSFORMATION-HARDENING STEELS
(STAINLESS) C2-137
2.6.0.2. Manufacturing Considerations C2-137
2.6.1 AM-350 C2-137
2.6.1.1 SCT 850 Condition C2-140
2.6.2 AM-355 C2-144
2.6.2.1 SCT Condition C2-148
2.6.3 CUSTOM 450 C2-150
2.6.3.1 H900 Condition C2-154
2.6.3.2 H1050 Condition C2-158
2.6.4 CUSTOM 455 C2-162
2.6.4.1 H950 Condition C2-165
2.6.4.2 H1000 Condition C2-170
2.6.5 CUSTOM 465 C2-173
2.6.5.1 H950 and H1000 Condition C2-176
2.6.6 PH13-8Mo C2-179
2.6.6.1 H950 and H1000 Conditions C2-184
2.6.6.2 Extra-High Toughness H1000 Conditions C2-190
TOC-5
2.6.7 15-5PH C2-198

2.6.7.1 Various Heat-Treated Conditions C2-203
2.6.7.2 H1025 Condition C2-206
2.6.7.3 H1150 Condition C2-211
2.6.8 PH15-7Mo C2-212
2.6.8.1 TH1050 Condition C2-215
2.6.9 17-4PH C2-224
2.6.9.1 H900 Condition C2-231
2.6.9.2 Various Heat Treat Conditions C2-236
2.6.9.3 H1000 Condition C2-238
2.6.9.4 H1025 Condition C2-239
2.6.9.5 H1100 Condition C2-240
2.6.9.6 H1150 Condition C2-241
2.6.10 17-7PH C2-242
2.6.10.1 TH1050 Condition C2-245
2.6.11 HSL180 (12.5CR-1.0 NI-15.5CO-2.0MO) C2-249
2.6.11.1 Austenitized and Tempered Condition C2-251
2.6.12 MLX17 C2-256
2.6.12.1 H950 Condition C2-259
2.6.12.2 H1000 Condition C2-262
2.6.13 MLX19 C2-265
2.6.13.1 H950 Condition C2-268
2.7 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS C2-271
2.7.0 COMMENTS ON AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL C2-271
2.7.1 AISI 301 AND RELATED 300 SERIES STAINLESS STEELS C2-273
2.7.1.1 Solution Heat Treated Condition C2-280
2.7.1.2 ¼ Hard Condition C2-282
2.7.1.3 ½ Hard Condition C2-283
2.7.1.4 ¾ Hard Condition C2-286
2.7.1.5 Full-Hard Condition C2-287
TOC-6
2.8 ELEMENT PROPERTIES C2-293

2.8.1 BEAMS C2-293
2.8.1.1 Simple Beams C2-293
2.8.1.2 Built-Up Beams C2-293
2.8.1.3 Thin-Web Beams C2-293
2.8.2 COLUMNS C2-296
2.8.2.1 General C2-296
2.8.2.2 Effects of Welding C2-296
2.8.3 TORSION C2-297
2.8.3.1 General C2-297
2.8.3.2 Torsion Properties C2-297
REFERENCES REF-C2-1
CHAPTER 3 - ALUMINUM ALLOYS C3-1
3.1. GENERAL C3-1
3.1.1. ALUMINUM ALLOY INDEX C3-1
3.1.2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES C3-2
3.1.2.1. Mechanical Properties C3-7
3.1.2.2. Physical Properties C3-34
3.1.2.3. Corrosion Resistance C3-34
3.1.3. MANUFACTURING CONSIDERATIONS C3-42
3.1.3.1. Avoiding Stress Corrosion Cracking C3-42
3.1.3.2. Cold-Formed, Heat-Treatable Aluminum Alloys C3-42
3.1.3.3. Dimensional Changes C3-42
3.1.3.4. Welding C3-43
3.1.4. OBSOLETE ALLOYS, TEMPERS, AND PRODUCT FORMS. C3-47
3.1.5. STABILIZED SPECIFICATIONS C3-49
3.2. 2000 SERIES WROUGHT ALLOYS C3-51
3.2.1. 2013 ALLOY C3-51
3.2.1.0. Comments and Properties C3-51
3.2.1.1. T6511 Temper C3-53
3.2.2. 2014 ALLOY C3-68
3.2.2.1. T6, T62, T651, T652, T6510, and T6511 Temper C3-78
3.2.3. 2017 ALLOY C3-102
3.2.3.1. T4, T451, and T42 Temper C3-105
3.2.4 2024 ALLOY C3-106
3.2.4.1 T3, T351, T3510, T3511, T4, and T42 Temper C3-126
3.2.4.2 T361 (supersedes T36) Temper C3-162
3.2.4.3 T62 and T72 Temper C3-162
3.2.4.4 T81, T851, T852, T8510, and T8511 Temper C3-169
3.2.4.5 T861 (supersedes T86) Temper C3-182
TOC-7
3.2.5 2025 ALLOY C3-191

3.2.6 2026 ALLOY C3-194
3.2.7 2027 ALLOY C3-196
3.2.7.1 T351 Temper C3-199
3.2.7.2 T3511 Temper C3-203
3.2.8 2050 ALLOY C3-205
3.2.8.1 T84 Temper C3-214
3.2.9 CLAD 2056 ALLOY C3-224
3.2.10 2090 ALLOY C3-230
3.2.10.1 T83 Temper C3-232
3.2.11 2098 ALLOY C3-233
3.2.11.1 T82P Temper C3-237
3.2.12 2099 ALLOY C3-243
3.2.12.1 T86 Temper C3-247
3.2.12.2 T83 Temper C3-249
3.2.12.3 T81 Temper C3-255
3.2.13 2124 ALLOY C3-257
3.2.13.1 T851 Temper C3-259
3.2.14 2195 ALLOY C3-275
3.2.14.1 T8, T82 Temper C3-281
3.2.15 2196 ALLOY C3-286
3.2.15.1 T8511 Temper C3-289
3.2.16 2198 ALLOY C3-291
3.2.16.1 T8 Temper C3-294
3.2.17 2219 ALLOY C3-304
3.2.17.1 T62 Temper C3-311
3.2.17.2 T81 and T851X Tempers C3-314
3.2.17.3 T852 Temper C3-322
3.2.17.4 T87 Temper C3-325
TOC-8
3.2.18 2297 ALLOY C3-330

3.2.18.1 T87 Temper C3-333
3.2.19 2397 ALLOY C3-339
3.2.20 2424 ALLOY C3-342
3.2.21 2519 ALLOY C3-345
3.2.21.1 T87 Temper C3-347
3.2.22 2524 ALLOY C3-348
3.2.22.1 T3 Temper C3-350
3.2.23 2618 ALLOY C3-352
3.2.23.1 T61 Temper C3-356
3.2.24 2624 ALLOY C3-362
3.2.24.1 T39 Temper C3-365
3.2.24.2 T351 Temper C3-368
3.2.25 2055 ALLOY C3-371
3.2.25.1 T84 Temper C3-373
3.2.26 2824 ALLOY C3-379
3.2.26.1 T3511 Temper C3-382
3.2.27 2029 Alloy C3-386
3.2.27.1 T8 Temper C3-389
3.3 3000 SERIES WROUGHT ALLOYS C3-395
3.5.1 5052 ALLOY C3-395
3.5.1.1 O-Temper C3-399
3.5.1.2 H32 Temper C3-401
3.5.1.3 H34 Temper C3-401
3.5.1.4 H36 Temper C3-404
3.5.1.5 H38 Temper C3-404
3.5.2 5083 ALLOY C3-407
3.5.2.1 O Temper C3-412
TOC-9
3.5.3 5086 ALLOY C3-414

3.5.3.1 O Temper C3-417
3.5.3.2 H32 Temper C3-419
3.5.3.3 H34 Temper C3-421
3.5.3.4 H36 Temper C3-423
3.5.3.5 H38 Temper C3-424
3.5.3.6 H111 Temper C3-424
3.5.3.7 H112 Temper C3-424
3.5.4 5454 ALLOY C3-425
3.5.4.1 O Temper C3-428
3.5.4.2 H32 Temper C3-428
3.5.4.3 H34 Temper C3-429
3.5.5 5456 ALLOY C3-431
3.5.5.1 O Temper C3-435
3.5.5.2 H111 Temper C3-436
3.5.5.3 H112 Temper C3-437
3.5.5.4 H321 Temper C3-437
3.6.1 6013 ALLOY C3-439
3.6.1.1 T6 Temper C3-441
3.6.2 6061 ALLOY C3-442
3.6.2.1 T4, T42, T451, T4510, and T4511 Tempers C3-454
3.6.2.2 T6, T62, T651, T652, T6510, and T6511 Tempers C3-454
3.6.3 6151 ALLOY C3-471
3.6.3.1 T6 Temper C3-471
3.6.4 6156 ALLOY C3-474
3.6.4.1 T62 Temper C3-476
3.7.1 7010 ALLOY C3-479
3.7.1.1 T7451 Temper C3-482
3.7.1.2 T7651 Temper C3-485
3.7.2 7037 ALLOY C3-487
3.7.2.1 T7452 Temper C3-490
TOC-10
3.7.3 7040 ALLOY C3-496

3.7.4 7049/7149 ALLOY C3-500
3.7.4.1 T73 and T73511 Tempers C3-505
3.7.5 7050 ALLOY C3-517
3.7.5.1 T73510 and T73511 Tempers C3-528
3.7.5.2 T74, T7451, and T7452 Tempers C3-532
3.7.5.3 T76510 and T76511 Tempers C3-564
3.7.6 7055 ALLOY C3-569
3.7.6.1 T74511 Temper C3-574
3.7.6.2 T76511 Temper C3-581
3.7.6.3 T7751 and T77511 Tempers C3-581
3.7.7 7056 ALLOY C3-584
3.7.7.1 T7651 Temper C3-587
3.7.8 7068 ALLOY C3-591
3.7.8.1 T6511 Temper C3-593
3.7.9 7075 ALLOY C3-598
3.7.9.1 T6, T651, T652, T6510, T6511 Temper C3-620
3.7.9.2 T73, T7351, T7352, T73510, T73511 Tempers C3-656
3.7.10 7085 ALLOY C3-674
3.7.10.1 T7451 Temper C3-682
3.7.10.2 T7651 Temper C3-684
3.7.10.3 T7452 Temper C3-686
3.7.11 7136 ALLOY C3-706
3.7.11.1 T76511 Temper C3-708
3.7.12 7140 ALLOY C3-713
3.7.12.1 T7451 Temper C3-717
3.7.12.2 T7651 Temper C3-720
3.7.13 7150 ALLOY C3-728
3.7.13.1 T6151 and T61511 Tempers C3-734
3.7.13.2 T7751 and T77511 Tempers C3-736
TOC-11
3.7.14 7175 ALLOY C3-741

3.7.14.1 T73511 Temper C3-746
3.7.14.2 T74 and T7452 Tempers C3-751
3.7.15 7249 ALLOY C3-756
3.7.15.1 T7452 Temper C3-760
3.7.15.2 T76511 Temper C3-762
3.7.16 7255 ALLOY C3-764
3.7.16.1 T7751 Temper C3-766
3.7.17 7349 ALLOY C3-768
3.7.17.1 T76511 Temper C3-770
3.7.18 7449 ALLOY C3-772
3.7.18.1 T7651 Temper C3-779
3.7.18.2 T7951 Temper C3-782
3.7.18.3 T79511 Temper C3-785
3.7.19 7475 ALLOY C3-788
3.7.19.1 T61 and T651 Tempers C3-792
3.7.19.2 T7351 Temper C3-801
3.7.19.3 T761 and T7651 Tempers C3-809
3.7.20 7065 ALLOY C3-817
3.7.20.1 T7451 Temper C3-822
3.7.20.2 T7651 Temper C3-829
3.8 200.0 SERIES CAST ALLOYS C3-837
3.8.1 A201.0 ALLOY C3-837
3.8.1.1 T7 Temper C3-840
3.8.2 205/TIB2/3P ALLOY C3-847
3.8.2.1 Investment Casting C3-849
3.8.2.2 Sand Casting C3-854
3.9 300.0 SERIES CAST ALLOYS C3-859
3.9.1 354.0 ALLOY C3-859
3.9.2 355.0 ALLOY C3-861
3.9.3 C355.0 ALLOY C3-864
TOC-12
3.9.4 356.0 ALLOY C3-866

3.9.5 A356.0 ALLOY C3-869
3.9.5.1 T6 Temper C3-872
3.9.6 A357.0/F357.0 ALLOY C3-874
3.9.6.1 T6 Temper C3-877
3.9.7 D357.0/E357.0 ALLOY C3-878
3.9.7.1 T6 Temper C3-881
3.9.8 359.0 ALLOY C3-884
3.10.1 BEAMS C3-886
3.10.2 COLUMNS C3-889
3.10.2.1 Primary Failure C3-889
3.10.2.3 Column Properties C3-889
3.10.3 TORSION C3-891
3.10.3.1 General C3-891
REFERENCES REF-C3-1
TOC-13
CHAPTER 4 MAGNESIUM ALLOYS C4-1

4.1 GENERAL C4-1
4.1.1 ALLOY INDEX C4-1
4.1.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES C4-4
4.1.5 ALLOY AND TEMPER DESIGNATIONS C4-4
4.1.6 JOINING METHODS C4-6
4.1.7 OBSOLETE ALLOYS, TEMPERS, AND PRODUCT FORMS C4-6
4.2 MAGNESIUM-WROUGHT ALLOYS C4-9
4.2.1 AZ31B C4-9
4.2.1.1 AZ31B-O Temper C4-15
4.2.1.2 AZ31B-H24 Temper C4-16
4.2.1.3 AZ31B-H26 Temper C4-19
4.2.1.4 AZ31B-F Temper C4-19
4.2.2 AZ61A C4-21
4.2.3 WE43C (Elektron 43) C4-23
4.2.3.1 WE43C-T5 Temper C4-27
4.2.4 ZK60A C4-35
4.2.4.1 ZK60A-F Temper C4-35
4.2.4.2 ZK60A-T5 Temper C4-39
4.3 MAGNESIUM CAST ALLOYS C4-43
4.3.1 AM100A C4-43
4.3.2 AZ91C/AZ91E C4-45
4.3.2.1 T6 Temper C4-48
4.3.3 AZ92A C4-49
4.3.3.1 AZ92A-T6 Temper C4-52
4.3.4 EV31A (ELEKTRON 21) ALLOY C4-55
TOC-1
4.3.4.1. T6 Temper C4-57

4.3.5 EZ33A C4-61
4.3.5.1 EZ33A-T5 Temper C4-64
4.3.6 QE22A C4-66
4.3.6.1 QE22A-T6 Temper C4-68
4.3.7 ZE41A C4-70
4.3.7.1 T5 Temper C4-73
4.4.1 BEAMS C4-75
4.4.2 COLUMNS C4-75
4.4.2.1 Primary Failure C4-75
4.4.2.3 Column Properties C4-76
4.4.3 TORSION C4-77
4.4.3.1 General C4-77
REFERENCES REF-C4-1
CHAPTER 5 TITANIUM C5-1
5.1 GENERAL C5-1
5.1.1 TITANIUM INDEX C5-1
5.1.3 MANUFACTURING CONSIDERATIONS C5-4
5.2 UNALLOYED TITANIUM C5-7
5.2.1 COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM C5-7
5.2.1.1 Annealed Condition C5-12
5.3 ALPHA AND NEAR-ALPHA TITANIUM ALLOYS C5-17
5.3.1 TI-5AL-2.5SN C5-17
5.3.2 TI-8AL-1MO-1V C5-32
5.3.2.1 Single-Annealed Condition C5-37
TOC-2
5.3.2.2 Duplex-Annealed Condition C5-40

5.3.3 Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo C5-48
5.3.3.1 Single, Duplex, and Triplex Annealed C5-53
5.4 ALPHA-BETA TITANIUM ALLOYS C5-57
5.4.1 TI-6AL-4V C5-57
5.4.1.2 Solution-Treated and Aged Condition C5-104
5.4.2 TI-6AL-6V-2SN C5-122
5.4.3 TI-4.5AL-3V-2FE-2MO C5-139
5.4.4 TI-4AL-2.5V-1.5FE C5-148
5.4.4.1 Cold Rolled Sheet, Annealed Condition C5-154
5.4.4.2 Hot Rolled Sheet and Plate, Annealed Condition C5-162
5.5 BETA, NEAR-BETA, AND METASTABLE-BETA TITANIUM ALLOYS C5-171
5.5.1 TI-13V-11CR-3AL C5-171
5.5.2 TI-15V-3CR-3SN-3AL (TI-15-3) C5-188
5.5.2.0 Comments C5-188
5.5.2.1 Solution-Treated and Aged (1000ºF) Condition C5-191
5.5.3 TI-10V-2FE-3AL (TI-10-2-3) C5-192
5.5.3.1 Solution Treated and Aged (900º to 950ºF) Condition C5-195
5.5.3.2 Solution Treated and Aged (950º to 1000ºF) Condition C5-196
5.6.1 BEAMS C5-197
REFERENCES REF-C5-1
CHAPTER 6 HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS C6-1
6.1 GENERAL C6-1
6.1.1.2 Physical Properties C6-3
TOC-3
6.2 IRON-CHROMIUM- NICKEL-BASE ALLOYS C6-5

6.2.0 GENERAL COMMENTS C6-5
6.2.1 A-286 C6-5
6.2.2 N-155 C6-16
6.2.2.1 Solution-Treated Condition C6-18
6.3 NICKEL-BASE ALLOYS C6-21
6.3.1 HASTELLOY X C6-23
6.3.1.1 Solution Treated Condition C6-26
6.3.2 INCONEL 600 C6-29
6.3.3 INCONEL 625 C6-36
6.3.4 INCONEL 706 C6-47
6.3.4.1 Solution-Treated and Aged Condition (Creep Rupture Heat Treatment) C6-50
6.3.5 718 ALLOY C6-54
6.3.6 INCONEL X-750 C6-95
6.3.6.1 Annealed and Aged C6-97
6.3.6.2 Equalized and Aged C6-99
6.3.7 RENÉ 41 C6-101
6.3.7.1 Solution Treated at 1975ºF and Aged at 1400ºF Condition C6-104
6.3.8 WASPALOY C6-124
6.3.8.1 Aged Condition C6-126
6.3.9. 230 ALLOY C6-130
TOC-4
6.3.9.1. Annealed Condition C6-134

6.3.10 HR-120 ALLOY C6-143
6.3.11 HAYNES 282 ALLOY C6-149
6.3.11.1 Precipitation Hardened Condition C6-151
6.4 COBALT-BASE ALLOYS C6-163
6.4.0.3 Special Precautions C6-163
6.4.1 L-605 (25 alloy) C6-164
6.4.1.1 Solution Treated Condition C6-167
6.4.2 188 ALLOY C6-187
6.4.2.1 Solution-Treated Condition C6-189
REFERENCES REF-C6-1
CHAPTER 7 MISCELLANEOUS ALLOYS AND HYBRID MATERIALS C7-1
7.1 GENERAL C7-1
7.2 BERYLLIUM C7-3
7.2.0 GENERAL C7-3
7.2.1 STANDARD GRADE BERYLLIUM C7-3
7.2.1.0.1 Manufacturing Considerations C7-3
7.2.1.1 Hot-Pressed Condition C7-8
7.2.1.2 HIP'd Condition C7-12
7.3 COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS C7-13
7.3.0 GENERAL C7-13
7.3.1 MANGANESE BRONZES C7-14
7.3.2 COPPER BERYLLIUM C7-17
7.3.2.1 TF00 Temper C7-24
7.3.2.2 TH04 Temper C7-25
7.3.3 COPPER-NICKEL-TIN (SPINODAL ALLOY) C7-26
7.3.3.1 TX00 Temper C7-29
7.3.3.2 TX TS Temper C7-31
7.3.4 ALUMINUM BRONZES C7-34
TOC-5

7.4 MULTIPHASE ALLOYS C7-37
7.4.0 GENERAL C7-37
7.4.1 MP35N ALLOY C7-37
7.4.1.1 Cold Worked and Aged Condition C7-39
7.4.2 MP159 ALLOY C7-42
7.4.2.1 Cold Worked and Aged Condition C7-44
7.5 ALUMINUM ALLOY SHEET LAMINATES C7-47
7.5.0 GENERAL C7-47
7.5.1 2024-T3 ARAMID FIBER REINFORCED SHEET LAMINATE C7-47
7.5.1.1 T3 Temper C7-49
7.5.2 7475-T761 ARAMID FIBER REINFORCED SHEET LAMINATE C7-57
7.5.2.1 T761 Temper C7-59
7.6 ALUMINUM-BERYLLIUM HYBRIDS C7-67
7.6.0 GENERAL C7-67
7.6.1 AL-62BE C7-67
7.6.1.0.1 Manufacturing Considerations C7-67
7.6.1.1 Hot Isostatic Pressed Condition C7-69
REFERENCES REF-C7-1
CHAPTER 8 STRUCTURAL JOINTS C8-1
8.1 MECHANICALLY FASTENED JOINTS C8-3
8.1.1 INTRODUCTION AND FASTENER INDEXES C8-3
8.1.1.1 Data Sources C8-13
8.1.1.2 Fastener Shear Strengths C8-13
8.1.1.3 Edge Distance Requirements C8-13
8.1.2 SOLID RIVETS C8-15
8.1.2.1 Protruding-Head Solid Rivet Joints C8-15
8.1.2.2 Flush-Head Solid Rivet Joints C8-15
8.1.3 BLIND FASTENERS C8-24
8.1.3.1 Protruding-Head Blind Fasteners C8-24
8.1.3.2 Flush-Head Blind Fasteners C8-24
8.1.4 SWAGED COLLAR/UPSET-PIN FASTENERS C8-65
8.1.4.1 Protruding-Head Swaged Collar Fastener Joints C8-65
8.1.4.2 Flush-Head Swaged Collar Fastener Joints C8-66
8.1.5. THREADED FASTENERS C8-76
8.1.5.1 Protruding-Head Threaded Fastener Joints C8-76
8.1.5.2 Flush-Head Threaded Fastener Joints C8-77
TOC-6
8.1.6 SPECIAL FASTENERS C8-83

8.1.6.1 Fastener Sleeves C8-83
8.1.6.2 Sleeve Bolts C8-83
8.1.7. Historical - Non-Confirmed Sunset Fastener Tables C8-86
8.2 METALLURGICAL JOINTS C8-99
8.2.1 INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS C8-99
8.2.2 WELDED JOINTS C8-99
8.2.2.1 Fusion Welding—Arc and Gas C8-100
8.2.2.2 Flash and Pressure Welding C8-101
8.2.2.3 Spot and Seam Welding C8-101
8.3 BEARINGS, PULLEYS, AND WIRE ROPE C8-121
REFERENCES REF-C8-1
CHAPTER 9 GUIDELINES FOR THE PRESENTATION OF DATA C9-1
9.1 GENERAL INFORMATION C9-1
9.1.2 CROSS INDEX C9-1
9.1.3 APPLICABILITY C9-1
9.1.4 APPROVAL PROCEDURES C9-1
9.1.5 DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS C9-1
9.1.6 SUMMARY C9-4
9.1.7 DATA BASIS C9-6
9.1.7.1 Data Basis for Mechanical Properties (Chapters 2-7) C9-6
9.1.7.2 Data Basis for Mechanically Fastened Joint Allowables (Chapters 8) C9-8
9.1.8 ROUNDING PROCEDURES C9-9
9.1.9 APPLICABLE ANALYSISMETHODS C9-9
9.2 MATERIAL, SPECIFICATION, TESTING, AND DATA REQUIREMENTS C9-11
9.2.1 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS C9-11
9.2.2 SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS C9-11
9.2.2.1 Requirements for Products Controlled by Material Specifications Not Listed in 9.2.2 C9-11
9.2.3 REQUIRED TEST METHODS/PROCEDURES C9-12
9.2.3.1 Mechanical- Property Terms C9-15
9.2.3.2 Testing Direction and Specimen Location C9-15
9.2.3.3 Tension, Compression, Shear and Bearing C9-17
9.2.3.4 Other Static Properties C9-17
9.2.3.5 Required Test Methods to Determine Dynamic and Time Dependent Properties C9-18
9.2.3.6 Mechanically Fastened Joints C9-24
9.2.3.7 Fusion-Welded Joints C9-25
9.2.4 DATA REQUIREMENTS C9-26
9.2.4.1 S-Basis Values C9-26
9.2.4.2 A- and B-Basis Values C9-27
TOC-7
9.2.4.3 Derived Property Values C9-32

9.2.4.4 Other Static Properties C9-33
9.2.4.5 Data Requirements for Determination of Dynamic and Time Dependent Properties C9-37
9.2.4.6 Mechanically Fastened Joints C9-41
9.2.4.7 Fastener Strength Table Sunset Clause C9-45
9.2.5 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN C9-51
9.2.5.1 Uniformity of Sample Size across Thickness Range C9-51
9.2.5.2 Fatigue C9-52
9.2.5.3 Creep-Rupture C9-58
9.3 SUBMISSION OF DATA C9-63
9.3.1 RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES C9-63
9.3.2 COMPUTER SOFTWARE C9-63
9.3.3 INTRODUCTORY SECTION C9-63
9.3.4 GENERAL DATA FORMATS C9-63
9.3.4.1 Data Format for the Computation of T99 and T90 Values C9-64
9.3.4.2 Data Format for Derived Properties C9-64
9.3.4.3 Data Format for the Construction of Typical Stress-Strain Curves C9-68
9.3.4.4 Data Format for Fasteners C9-68
9.3.4.5 Data Format for Other Properties C9-69
9.4 SUBSTANTIATION OF PROPERTIES C9-73
9.4.1 S-BASIS MINIMUM PROPERTIES C9-73
9.4.2 VALIDATING DESIGN PROPERTIES FOR EXISTING MATERIALS (WHEN A CHANGE
IN PROCESSING HAS OCCURRED) C9-74
9.4.3 CONFIRMATION OF DESIGN PROPERTIES FOR LEGACY ALLOYS C9-76
9.4.3.1 Initial Steps and Analysis C9-76
9.4.3.2 Increase in Design Properties C9-77
9.4.3.3 Decrease in Design Properties C9-77
9.4.3.4 Derived Properties C9-78
9.5 ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR STATISTICALLY COMPUTED MINIMUM
STATIC PROPERTIES C9-83
9.5.1 SPECIFYING THE POPULATION C9-83
9.5.1.1 Deciding Between Direct and Indirect Computation C9-83
9.5.1.2 Testing for Regression Effects and Homogeneity C9-86
9.5.1.3 Data Transformation C9-90
9.5.2 REGRESSION ANALYSIS C9-98
9.5.2.1 Linear Regression C9-98
9.5.2.2 Quadratic Regression C9-100
9.5.2.3 Tests for Adequacy of a Regression C9-103
9.5.2.4 Testing for Equality of Several Regressions C9-105
TOC-8
9.5.3 COMBINABILITY OF DATA C9-108

9.5.3.1 The k-Sample Anderson-Darling Test C9-108
9.5.3.2 The F Test C9-110
9.5.3.3 The t Test C9-111
9.5.4 DETERMINING THE FORM OF DISTRIBUTION C9-113
9.5.4.1 “Anderson-Darling” Test for Normality C9-113
9.5.4.2 Normal Probability Plot C9-114
9.5.4.3 Three-Parameter Weibull Acceptability Test C9-114
9.5.4.4 Modified Anderson-Darling Test for Pearsonality C9-116
9.5.4.5 The Pearson Backoff Option C9-117
9.5.4.6 Pearson Probability Plot C9-117
9.5.4.7 Modified “Anderson-Darling” Test for Weibullness C9-120
9.5.4.8 The Weibull Backoff Option C9-122
9.5.4.9 Weibull Probability Plots C9-123
9.5.4.10 Detection of Lower-Tail Truncation C9-125
9.5.5 DIRECT COMPUTATION WITHOUT REGRESSION C9-127
9.5.5.1 Sequential Pearson Procedure C9-132
9.5.5.2. Sequential Weibull Procedure C9-133
9.5.5.3 Nonparametric Procedure C9-134
9.5.5.4 Censored Normal Procedure C9-135
9.5.6 DIRECT COMPUTATION BY REGRESSION ANALYSIS C9-136
9.5.6.1 Performing the Regression C9-136
9.5.7 INDIRECT COMPUTATION WITHOUT REGRESSION (REDUCED RATIOS/
DERIVED PROPERTIES C9-137
9.5.7.1 Treatment of Grain Direction C9-138
9.5.7.2 Treatment of Test Specimen Location C9-139
9.5.7.3 Treatment of Clad Aluminum Alloy Plate C9-139
9.5.7.4 Computational Procedure C9-140
9.5.8 INDIRECT COMPUTATION USING REGRESSION C9-141
9.5.9 HANDLING OF DERIVED PROPERTY TEST RESULTS BELOW ESTIMATED
DESIGN ALLOWABLE C9-142
9.5.10 INDIRECT COMPUTATION OF EDGEWISE BEARING REDUCTIONS C9-144
9.6 ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR DYNAMIC AND TIME DEPENDENT PROPERTIES C9-145
9.6.1 LOAD AND STRAIN CONTROL FATIGUE DATA C9-145
9.6.1.1 Data Collection and Interpretation C9-148
9.6.1.2 Analysis of Data C9-149
9.6.1.3 Fatigue Life Models C9-150
9.6.1.4 Evaluation of Mean Stress and Strain Effects C9-152
9.6.1.5 Estimation of Fatigue-Life Model Parameters C9-153
9.6.1.6 Treatment of Outliers C9-159
9.6.1.7 Assessment of the Fatigue Life Model C9-160
9.6.1.8 Data Set Combination C9-162
9.6.1.9 Treatment of Runouts C9-163
TOC-9
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
concealing the pipes, stands at the west end of the Church. 1869.
SAN LORENZO.—An octagon church, has in the gallery on its
south-east side a small organ in a white and gold case, consisting of
a round arched centre, and two flat sides, looking somewhat like a
handsome wardrobe. Green curtains covered the pipes. In a rather
large chapel attached to this Church, stood a grand pianoforte, an
old instrument, but evidently still in use. This is the only place in
which I ever recollect seeing a piano in a church. 1869.
SANTA MARIA DELLE GRAZIE.—This Church has a dome in its
centre, the base of which expands into a square, on the east side of
which, right and left of the choir, two similar organs stand in galleries,
having much gilding. The cases, which are of dark wood, have flat
tops, bearing two angels with trumpets, and raised carved work in
the centre. The pipes were covered with a curtain, and the
ornaments in the front and sides of the cases were gilt. 1869.
SANTA MARIA PODONE.—This little old Church has in a
painted gallery at its west end, an organ in a square case, with a
curtain, as usual, drawn over the pipes. 1869.
SAN ——, (in the Via di Giadini), has at its west end, standing in
a rococo gallery, an organ of the same style, in a polished, and much
gilded brown case, which is either new, or else lately done up. The
pipes are covered with curtains, and the design of the case consists
of three compartments, the outer ones having round arches. The
central compartment is surmounted by a confusion of curved lines,
having the appearance of a drawing-room looking-glass, slightly
overdone with ornament. 1869.
CONCLUSION.
HAVE now given to my readers the full substance of all the
notes I have made on the various organs I have seen, and
regret that they were not all taken so systematically as I
could have wished, for when I began them, they were
simply memoranda, to assist my own recollection, and I
had no intention of ever publishing them. But as my note book kept
filling with accounts of organs, and my portfolio with sketches, I could
but feel that I should like others to have the use of the information I
had accumulated. My descriptions are simply taken from what I saw,
and not extracts from books, or the accounts of friends, and the
sketches have all been made on the spot, no doubt with some
errors, but still the evidence of an eye-witness is better than second-
hand information, gathered from sources that may be sometimes
inaccurate, and, being copied over and over again, come to be
handed down as facts. Should this little work in any way tend
towards the improvement of THE ORGAN, I shall be amply repaid
for the time and trouble spent upon it.
Transcriber’s Notes
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Metallic Materials Properties

Development and Standardization

Metallic Materials Properties Development and

Physics and Engineering of Metallic Materials

Advanced machining processes of metallic materials :

Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Advances and

Physical properties of materials Third Edition. Edition

Nanocomposite materials: synthesis, properties and

Bioactive Glasses, Second Edition: Materials,

Optical properties of materials and their applications

A joint effort of government, industrial, educational, and

The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook, is an

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA):

Department of Defense (DoD):

National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA):

EXPLANATION OF NUMERICAL CODE

General material category (in this case, steel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A logical breakdown of the base material by family characteristics

If zero, section contains comments specific to the alloy; if it is an integer, the

Type of graphical data presented on a given figure

2000 Series Wrought Alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T3, T351, T3510, T3511, T4, and T42 Tempers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specific Property as Follows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tensile properties (ultimate and yield strength). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Trademark Registered by Chemistry UNS Number

AerMet® 100 CRS HOLDINGS INC. 3.1Cr-11.5Ni-13.5Co-1.2Mo (0.21 - K92580

AM-350™ ALLEGHENY LUDLUM 16.5Cr - 4.5Ni - 2.9Mo - 0.10N S35000

AM-355™ ALLEGHENY LUDLUM 15.5Cr - 4.5Ni - 2.0Mo - 0.10N S35500

Cherry® TEXTRON FASTENING NA NA

Cherrybucks® TEXTRON FASTENING NA NA

Ferrium® S53® QUES TEK 10Cr-5.5Ni-14Co-2Mo-1W (0.19- S10500

Hastelloy® X HAYNES 47.5Ni-22Cr-1.5Co-9.0Mo N06002

Elektron® 21 MAGNESIUM EV31A Similar to

230® HAYNES 59Ni-22Cr-2Mo-14W-0.35Al N06230

282® HAYNES 57Ni-20Cr-10Co-8.5Mo- N07208

HR-120® HAYNES 35Fe - 24Cr - 37Ni - 0.65Cb - 0.2N N08120

REGISTERED TRADEMARKS (Continued)

Trademark Registered by Chemistry UNS Number

1.4.4.8 Elongation (e) C1-22

1.5.2.3 Bearing C1-49

Standard Material C1-54

2.1.2.1 Mechanical Properties C2-3

2.5.1.0 Comments and Properties C2-101

2.6.7 15-5PH C2-198

2.8 ELEMENT PROPERTIES C2-293

3.2.5 2025 ALLOY C3-191

3.2.18 2297 ALLOY C3-330

3.5.3 5086 ALLOY C3-414

3.7.3 7040 ALLOY C3-496

3.7.14 7175 ALLOY C3-741

3.9.4 356.0 ALLOY C3-866

CHAPTER 4 MAGNESIUM ALLOYS C4-1

4.3.4.1. T6 Temper C4-57

5.3.2.2 Duplex-Annealed Condition C5-40

6.2 IRON-CHROMIUM- NICKEL-BASE ALLOYS C6-5

6.3.9.1. Annealed Condition C6-134

7.3.4.0 Comments and Properties C7-34

8.1.6 SPECIAL FASTENERS C8-83

9.2.4.3 Derived Property Values C9-32

9.5.3 COMBINABILITY OF DATA C9-108

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