Chng 3 SINH L NI TIT

*Tuyn ni tit (Endocrine gland):

Tit cc cht hot tnh sinh hc, trc tip vo mu, tc
dng kch thch, iu ha cc qu trnh trong c th.
I.I CNG V NI TIT & HORMONE
Tuyn ni tit Tuyn ngoi tit
-Khng ng dn (gland less duct)
- trc tip vo mu
-c hiu ??
-C ng dn
- vo xoang
*Hormone (harman = kch thch)
Cht truyn tin ha hc tun hon theo mu, t ni sinh n ni
tip nhn (ch) pht huy tc dng sinh hc cao, c iu ha
= feed-back
1.Ngun gc
-Tuyn ni tit (Classical Hormone)
-H TK: (Neuro Hormone) : TB TK tit
+Hypothalamus, TK TV (Adrenalin, Noradrenalin, Axetylcholin)
-TB, tnh cht cc b (Local Hormone): iu tit chc nng t
bo gn k hoc ngay trong c quan tit hoc ni tit (khng
cn mu vn chuyn)
+Somatostatin (tuyn ty) c ch tit insulin, glucagon
+H v tit Gastrin tit dch v
+T trng tit Secretin dch ty



2.Phn loi hormone:

Theo cu to (4 nhm), tnh tan (2 loi)
2.1.Dn xut ca a.a: dn xut tyrosine (T/hp n gin v nhanh hn)
-Ch yu dng kt hp, dng t do t

H.Ty thng thn

(Adrenalin, Noradrenalin)
Ha tan trong nc
T/d = H-mng
H.Tuyn gip
(T
4
. Thyroxine, T
3
.Triiodothyronine)
Ha tan trong lipid
T/d = H-gen

2.2.Peptide v Protein (3 400a.a) Ha tan trong nc
T/hp li ni cht nguyn sinh dng pro-hormone(peptid di hn)

-T/d = H-mng
2.3.Steroid (tan trong lipid)
Nhn: Cyclopentan-perhydro phenantren

-T/h t cholesterol di xc tc h enzyme ni bo (v thng thn,

sinh dc, nhau thai)
-Ngoi ra cn calcitriol (cht chuyn ha VTM D
3
c t/h thn)
-Phn ln h/ trc tip (tr testosteron s.p h/ dihydro-testosteron)
-Trong mu dng k/hp protein v/c c hiu
-Khi t/d k/h receptor c hiu nhn t/d ln AND TB ch
Adrenalin t/d ngay (pht),steroid phi sau vi gi.
2.4.Eicosanoid (hp cht ca axit bo):
To thnh t arachidonic (axit bo khng no 20 C, nhiu ni i)
Prostaglandin (phn ln cc m), Leukotriene (bch cu), Thromboxane
(bch cu v cc m khc)
T/d ti ch, cc t bo gn k.
Mt s v d v phn loi theo cu to ha hc
Nhm hormone
Hormone Ni tit
Peptid
TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing H)
ACTH (Adreno Cortico Tropin H)
Insulin, Glucagon
Vazopressin (Anti Diure H)
Hypothalamus
Tin yn
Tuyn ty
Nhn trn th, cnh no tht
Dn xut amin
Andrenalin, Noradrenalin
Thyroxin
Ty thng thn
Tuyn gip
Steroid
Cortisol, Aldosteron
-estradiol
Testosteron
Progesteron
V thng thn
Bung trng
Tinh hon
Th vng
Eicosanoid
Prostaglandin
Leucotrien, Tromboxan
Phn ln cc m
Bch cu
3.S vn chuyn hormone
-H.ha tan trong nc (catecholamine, peptide): t do (tr GH, IGF
1
)
-H.Ha tan trong cht bo (steroid, thyroid): kt hp protein v/c (c
hiu hoc khng c hiu)
Protein v/c c hiu
Protein v/c khng c hiu
CBG (Cortisol Binding Globulin
SHBG (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin)
DBG (VTMD - Binding Globulin)
Albumin v prealbumin
v/c steroid, thyroid
Nhiu Hormone lu thng trong mu bng 1 protein v/c
c hiu
4.c tnh sinh hc ca hormone
-Khng c trng loi: HTNC, HCG
-c hiu vi c quan (do receptor) H.sinh dc nh hng c
sinh dc (nh hng c quan khc nhng khng r)
-Hot tnh sinh hc cao (mol, nmol, pico mol): 1g insulin gy gim
ng huyt 125.000 th
-T/d qua li, hip ng hoc i khng
-iu ha nh TK TD v feedback
Hm lng rt thp: mol = 10
-6
mol, nmol=10
-9
mol
,
picomol=10
-12
mol
Kh tch chit, nh tnh, nh lng chnh xc
Min dch phng x RIA (Radio Immuno Assay) & 1 dng ca RIA: ELISA
(Enzym Linked I mmunosorbent Assay)






5.C ch tc dng ca hormone
H mng, H-gen v H-Enzyme
Receptor bn cht protein: thiu hoc cu trc bt thng ???
Thiu receptor GH (ci cc), receptor VTM D (ci xng),
receptor H. sinh dc c (ri lon pht trin gii tnh)



5.1.C ch H Mng: (H.c trng lng phn t ln)

C t nht 5 loi thng tin th 2:
ATP AMP vng (Adenosine Mono Phosphate Cycle)
GTP (Guanosin Triphosphate) GMP vng
IP
3
(Inositol Triphosphate)
PI (phosphatidyl inositol) Diacylglycerol (hay Diglyceride)
Ion Ca
2+
Hormone (The first messenger): mang tin TK n TB thay
i tnh thm mng xc tc v/c tch cc vo hot ha men xc
tc hnh thnh thng tin ni bo (The second messenger)
AMP
vng

The second messenger
H
N
N
NH
2

N
N
CH
2

O
C
H H
OH O
H
O
P
OH
O
C
ATP
OH
O
P
H
H
N
N
NH
2

N
N
H
C
H H
OH OH
H
C
C
O
O
C C
O
Adenylcyclaza
O
OH
P
OH
P OH
O
O
~
~
Tc dng ca Adrenalin v glucagon
ATP AMP
vng
(cht T.T
2
)
ADENYLCYCLAZA
G.6.photphataza
Hot ha
Mng TB
Cht T.T
1

H
R
Hot ha
KINAZA
Photphorylaza b
(v hot)
ng huyt
Vo mu
Glucose
Glucose-6P
Glycogen
Glucose-1P
Photphorylaza a
(hot ng)
Tc dng hormone ln trao i lipit qua AMPc
(lipocain, tiroxin liu cao)
ATP AMP
vng
(cht T.T
2
)
ADENYLCYCLAZA
Hot ha
Mng TB
Cht T.T
1

H
R
Hot ha
Triglyxerit-lipaza
Lipit Glyxerin + Axit bo
5.2.C ch H-gen: (steroid)

C ch chung
C ch tc ng ln ADN
T/h protein: ADN m xon kp
ARN-polymeraza
-Gen t/h protein trn ADN ng m gen O (Operator-vn
hnh, tin khi ng)
-Gen O c iu khin bi R-G (Regular Gene)= sinh cht c ch
R (2 u:R & R)
+Nu H bm vo R m gen O tng hp P
+Nu H bm vo R ng gen O khng m xon kp

R -G
O P
Hormon Protein
Riboxom
ADN
ADN
ARN
m

R R Cht c ch
-T/d Co-enzim: tng hoc c ch enzyme
VD: men NADF- transhydrogenaza xc tin s v/c hydro t
NADFH
2
n NAD di nh hng ca oestrogen m sinh dc:
Oestrol + NADFH
2
Oestradiol + NADF
Oestradiol + NAD Oestul + NADH
2
NADH
2
+ NAD hormonNADF+NADH
2
-Hiu qu ny xc tc q/trnh chuyn in t v hydro trong h
hp, tng chuyn ha E, tng h hp m bo gii thch hng
phn mnh khi ng dc.
5.3.C ch H-men
2
.

u

t
i

t

p
H

m

u
:
K
h

n
g

m

c

a

m

u

d

t
r

k
i

m

(
N
a
H
C
O
3
)
.

K
h
i

c

a
x
i
t
:
H
A

+

N
a
H
C
O
3

N
a
A

+

H
2
C
O
3

(

n

t
h

n
)

(
H
2
O

+

C
O
2
)
d

t
r

k
i

m

t
i

u

h
a
o
:

N
a
A
(

n

t
h

n
)

N
a
+

(
g
i

i
)
+

A
-

(
t
h

i

r
a
)


C

n

g
i

N
a
+

k
h

i

p
h

c

d

t
r

k
i

m

=
3

p
h

n
g

t
h

c
:

6.S iu ha ni tit vng di i

-Trung tm TK, cu ni TK ni tit, chc nng ni tit
- Tit 2 nhm hormone (iu ha hot ng ni tit c bit tuyn yn)
Nhm gii phng
RF: Releasing Factor
Tng cng h/ cc tuyn
Nhm c ch
IF: inhibiting Factor
c ch h/ cc tuyn
[H] trong mu rt thp thay i bnh (u, nhc nng)
iu ha (TK-TD, feed-back)
Cc hormone Hypothalamus c tc dng iu ha ni tit (RF, IF)
Hormone
Hypothalamus
Cu
trc
Tc dng Hormon tuyn yn tng ng
Tn y Tn ting vit


H.
hng
thy
trc
tuyn
yn
Tirotropin Releasing
Factor (TRF)
Peptit
(3 aa)
Gy tng tit TSH
tin yn
Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone
Kch gip trng
t
Cortico Releasing
Factor (CRF)
Peptit
(41aa)
Gy tng tit ACTH
tin yn
Adeno Cortico Tropin
Hormone
Kch v thng
thn t
Gonadotropin Releasing
Factor (GnRF)
Peptit
(10aa)
Gy tit FSH V LH
tin yn
GonadoStimulin
Hormone (FSH-LH)

Kch dc t
Somatotropin Releasing
Factor (SRF)
Peptit
(44aa)
Gy tit STH tin
yn


Somato Tropin
Hormone

Kch t sinh
trng
(Growth H)
Somatotropin I nhibiting
Factor (SI F)
Peptit
(14aa)
c ch tit STH ca
tin yn
Prolactin Releasing
Factor (PRF)
Peptit Gy tit Prolactin
tin yn


Prolactin


Kch nh t
Prolactin I nhibiting
Factor (PI F)
amin c ch tit Prolactin
ca tin yn
H.
hng
thy
sau

Oxytoxin
Peptit
(9 aa)
Gy co bp c trn
t cung, ng dn
tuyn v

T nhn trn th &
nhn cnh no tht
theo si trc xung
thy sau tuyn yn

Oxytoxin

Vazopressin
Peptit
(9aa)
Chng bi niu
(ADH-AntidiureH.)

H.Chng li niu
H.
hng
thy
gia
Melanotropin Releasing
Factor (TRF)
Peptit
(5aa)
Gy tng tit MSH
tuyn yn

Melanocyte
Stimulating Hormone


Kch hc t
Melanotropin I nhibiting
Factor (PI F)
Peptit
(3aa)
c ch tit MSH
tuyn yn
Tham kho
(Min v TT, Gip trng, SD, Gan)
Ngoi cnh
(t
0
, a/s, m)
Kch thch t
bn trong
F
e
e
d
-
b
a
c
k

v

n
g

d

i

(TUYN CH)
Hormon
(C QUAN CH)
F
e
e
d
-
b
a
c
k

v

n
g

n
g

n

Hypothalamus

RF
+

IF
-
A
C
T
H

B.SINH L CC TUYN NI TIT
1-TUYN YN (Hypophyse)
I.Cu to (3 thy)
-H thng 1 nhn cht
tit hypothalamus vo
h mao qun th cp

-H mao qun th 2
phn b cho cc TB
tit
/m vo 2 ln mao qun:
-V tr: h yn ca xng bm
Tham kho
Hypothalamus

RF
+

IF
-
II.Cc kch t tuyn yn
1.Hormone thy trc
1.1.H. sinh trng: (STH Somatotropin Hormone
GH- Growth Hormone)
-Protein, 2 LK disulfur. Khng c quan ch (duy nht)
Chc nng sinh l chuyn ha
-Tng hp protid (GH t/ lm a.a d dng vo TB)
-KT gan to Somatomedin kch thch sulfat ha canxi (ct ha)
-ng huyt = KT tit glucagon i ng sinh l
-Thoi ha lipit cung cp E axit bo t do huyt tng
KT sn xut IGF-1
KT bit ha TB sn
KT c th sinh trng
KT tng hp Protein
KT phn gii Lipit
Gim s/d glucose
KT to glucose
Tng ng huyt
Kim sot

Ri lon
Thiu ht (nhc)
Trc dy th chng
ngi ln, t hon (tr tu
bnh thng, bt thng
gen tng hp STH)
Tha GH (u)
Trc dy th chng
khng l.
Sau dy th chng to
cc

1.2.Kch gip t (TSH): Thyroid Stimlating H.)
glycoprotein, tuyn ch: tuyn gip

Kim sot
-TRH (di i) tit TSH
-c ch bng feet-back t cc H.tuyn gip (T
3
,T
4
)
Chc nng sinh l
-Qua H.tuyn gip chuyn ha c bn (nhp tim, h hp), chuyn
ha glucid v nit.
-KT trc tip qu trnh thoi ha lipit m m
-Tng cng hp thu I
2
mu t/hp tiroxin v thc y hot tnh men
phn gii tireglobulin to tiroxin
Tc dng
-iu tit trao i ng qua KT tit glucocorticoid
v trao i khong qua Mineralocorticoid
Kim sot: CRH: Corticotropin R.H (di i) v cc H.v
thng thn qua feed-back
-Streess gy tng tit ACTH tng tit H.v thng thn
1.3.Kch v thng thn t (ACTH: Adenocorticotropin H.)
u nng: hi chng Cushing (tng cng tit H.chuyn ha ng)
-Gn y pht hin ACTH nh hng n no, tr nh, hnh vi
FSH: Folliculo Stimulin H.
(kch non t)
1.4..Kch dc t (GSH: Gonado Stimulin Hormone)
Kim sot: do GnRH (Gonadotropin RH.)& H. sinh dc
Ci : KT bao non pht trin
tit oestrogen t/d
ln ng sinh dc
c: KT ng dn tinh, sinh
tinh pht trin KT
to tinh
Ci : KT chn & rng trng
th vng tit proestrogen
c: KT sn xut testosteron ca t
bo k (Leydig)
LH: Luteino Stimulin H.
(kch hong th t)
u l glycoprotein
Tc dng
-C thai tit lin tc, KT th vng tit progesteron trc khi tit
nhau thai v KT tit sa ngay sau
-c ch tit FSH, LH c ch ng dc
-Gy bn nng lm m. G lgo khng p do [prolactin] thp.
Tim prolactin p
-Thnh thc v tnh, bao non tit oestrogen tuyn v pht dc
(m, ng dn). Trng rng th vng tit progesteron KT bao
tuyn ,sa c tit khi c prolactin

1.5.Kch nh t (prolactin): protein, 3 cu disulfur
Kim sot: PRH v PIH (dopamine) di i
-TRH (di i), oestrogen, stress, cc cht KT (thuc phin,
nicotin & mt s thuuosc an thn)

3.cc hormon hu yn: Oxytoxin & Vazopressin
-Peptit (9 a.a), t TBTK nhn trn th & nhn cnh no tht.
-V c v: ADH c a.a
8
: Arg (ln, h m: Lys), a.a
3
: Phe
-Oxytoxi ADH 2 a.a (s 8 :Leu, s 3 : Isoleu)
-T peptit di ct ngn to 2 neurophysin c hiu (neurophysinI
cho oxytoxin, neurophysinI I cho ADH). Phc oxytoxin-
neurophysinI & vazopressin-neurophysinII theo si trc vo hu
yn.
2. Hormon thy gia (MSH: Melanocyte Stimulating H.)
-Kch hc t thay i mu da, iu ha: MIF v MRF
ADH: chng li niu, ti hp thu H
2
O thn. Co mch Pa.
-C ch: hot ha hyaluronidaza phn gii hyaluronic thng b ng
thn hp thu nc ng thn.
-Khi thiu (tn thng di i) i tho nht (i nhiu, kht
nc ung nhiu).
S tng tit nc, tng Pa nhng nhanh chng nht thi

Oxytoxin:
-Co c trn t cung, ng sinh dc ci ni chung thc .
-KT co bp c trn tuyn v KT tit sa.
-ng dng: th tinh nhn to KT nhu ng t/c a nhanh
tinh trng gp trng tng t l th thai. Thc .
2.1.Tc dng
2.2.Kim sot:
-iu ha ADH thng qua ASTT mu:(ASTT tit nhiu,
ASTT tit) khi mt nc mu c tit
-Khi KT nm v, c quan sinh dc tng tit oxytoxin
iu ha tit ADH
-TB nhn cm thm thu Hypothalamus
-TB nhn cm ASTT trong h tun hon
-Mt ngoi kh qun: 2 thy 2 bn +mt eo gia
2.TUYN GIP TRNG (Thyroid gland)
T
4
T
3

Thyroxine Triiodothyronine
-Dn xut ca a.a tyrosine.
-T
3
, T
4
+ globulin Tireoglobulin d tr xoang bao tuyn. Di
t/d ca TSH tin yn thyroxine
-Tng hp cn 2 yu t: Iod (ngoi sinh, ni sinh) & protein tuyn
gip thyroglobulin. Qua 4 bc:

1.Sinh tng hp T
3
& T
4

B
1
: TB tuyn gip thu nhn, c c Iodur
Iod (Thc n, nc) hp thu rut dng (I
-
) n tuyn gip gi li
B
2
: Oxy ha iod: 2I
-
2e
-
+ I
2

Peroxydaza
B
3
: Gn Iod ln a.a tirozin to MIT v DIT
I odinaza
NH
2

Tyrosine
I
2
+
COOH
OH CH CH
2
I
NH
2

MIT
COOH
OH CH CH
2
I
I
NH
2

DIT
COOH
OH CH CH
2
B
4
: To T
3
& T
4

*MIT + DIT T
3
I
OH O

I
I
NH
2

COOH
CH CH
2
*DIT + DIT T
4
I
I
NH
2

COOH
CH CH
2
I
I
OH O

Chuyn ha
-Tng d ha (oxy ha) sinh nhit (nhc nng chng rt km,
thn nhit gim)
- phn gii gluxit, lipit, protein nng lng
(u nng con vt gy, th trng)
+Gluxit: hp thu glucoge rut
chuyn glycogen glucose gan
+Protein: d ha, bi xut nit, cn bng protein
+Lipit: huy ng axit bo t do
+Nc: c ch ti hp thu nc ng thn nc tiu nhiu
2.Tc dng ca Thyroxine
TB ch: cc TB c th, /b c, TK, gan, phi, thn
Sinh trng pht dc
-nh hng dinh dng da, lng. KT sn lin hp sinh xng
- Gy bin thi nng nc
-KT sinh trng, pht dc bo thai, h TK, xng bo thai (thiu
thi k bo thai n n, km pht trin)
-Gia cm: t l p n b sung KI cho g
-KT biu m tuyn v, t/hp protein, m sa sn lng sa.
-Khi thiu ngng ng dc
-nh hng TKTW & thc vt (ct tuyn gip khng lp c
PXCK)



*Nhc nng
-Bu c (thiu I nhu cu ln gian cht tuyn gip bu)
-Thn kinh km pht trin n n
- nhp tim, Pa
3. Khi ri lon
*u nng: Basedow
- H.gip trng thiu t ht dinh dng cung cp E
gy g mt li, d xc cm, thn nhit.



4.Tc dng ca canxitoxin
caxi huyt. C quan ch: xng, thn
gii phng Ca xng, bi xut Ca
++
thn
-iu ha: qua s [Ca
++
] huyt
-Cnh tuyn gip, tit Parathyroid (PTH) cng canxitonin v VTM
D tham gia vo chuyn ha Ca, P
-Bn cht: protein
3.TUYN CN GIP (Parathyroid gland)
Huy ng Ca
++
t xng ng thn xa: ti hp thu Ca
++
ng thn gn: hp thu PO
4
---

XNG THN
1.Tc dng ca PTH: iu ha canxi, photpho
TNG CA
++
HUYT
u nng
- PTH mt Ca xng, thng gy si thn ( ng photphat Ca
cc m mm)
-Bnh Reckling-Hausen: mt Ca
++
xng, to hc, d gy
2.Ri lon
Nhc nng: canxi huyt co git cht
3.iu ha: [Ca
++
] huyt, khi [Ca
++
] gim tit PTH v
ngc li
4.TUYN TY (Panereas)
-Ngoi ra, TB F (PP) tit 1 polypeptid (36 a.a) t/d ln ng rut
Hocmon (3TB tiu o
Langerhans)
Dch ty
(tiu ha)
Ni tit
Ngoi tit
TB (D)
(Somatostatin)
ng huyt
ng huyt
TB (B)
(Insulin)
TB (A)
(Glucagon)
Ngun gc v s iu tit ln nhau gia cc hormone tuyn ty
Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Polypeptide Pancreatic
(PP)
A
F
(PP)
D
B
(-)
(+)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(+)
1.Cc hormon tuyn ty
1.1.Insulin
Polypeptid
Tc dng: ng huyt (2 hng)
to ng phn gii &
s dng glucose
=Hot ha photpho-diesteraza
chuyn AMP ATP
Glucose Glycogen Hexokinaza
*

Hexokinaza Hexokinaza
*

Insulin
V/c
Glucose vo
c, m
o.x.h
Glucose m
bo
Ch.ha
Glucose
m + a.bo
T/h glycogen
gan

To glucose
mi
qu trnh
glycogen
glucose
1.Cc hormon tuyn ty
1.1.Insulin
Polypeptid
1.2.Glucagon
-Polypeptit (29a.a) do TB , lu thng dng t do
-T/d: [glucose] huyt (cng chiu Adrenalin)
1.3.Somatostatin
-Peptit (14 a.a), do TB dch ty (ngoi ra cn do hypothalamus)
-c ch gii phng cc H: insulin, glucagon v GH (STH)
glycogen
glucose
KT ty
th/thn tit
adrenalin
Chuyn
a.a glucose

Thoi ha
protein
c ch t/h
lipit gan
3.Ri lon
-u nng: (u) tha insulin ng huyt c tnhm hi,Pa
-Nhc nng: ng huyt i ng i, kht, st cn
mt Gluxit cn d tr hydratcarbon oxh lipit to E xton niu
2.iu ha bi tit
[glucose] huyt cao KT dy X ty tit insulin
STH tuyn yn, [a.a] mu tit c hai
Lipit a.axticAxetyl CoA axto axitaxtonth axton
-Xton k/hp kim d tr [kim] mt cn bng axit-baz trng
c, hn m, cht
gii phng Ca xng, bi xut Ca
++
thn
-C th mt nc ph hoi tun hon no, hn m, cht
Oxy ha
5.TUYN THNG THN (Adrenal gland)
Min no quan trng hn? -No b min ty con vt sng
Ct b 2 tuyn con vt cht
Nhm glucocoticoid
(oxycocticoid)
Chuyn ha gluxit, protein
v sinh ng mi
(Cocticosteron, Coctisol

I.V THNG THN
(u l steroid (3 nhm)
Nhm minera cocticoid
(Deoxycocticoid)
Cn bng ion, ch/ha khong
Deoxycocticosteron (DOC)
Aldosteron
Nhm H.sinh dc
Androgen, Oestrogen,
Progesteron.
Chc nng cc nhm (xem s )
Tc dng sinh l hormone
v thng thn
Bnh thng khng biu hin, khi
c u nam ha con gi
(androgen) dy th sm con trai
CC TC DNG KHC
SINH DC
Nhm H. sinh dc
Androgen, oestrogen, progesteron
TRAO I CHT
Chuyn ha gluxit, Lipit, protein
v trao i mui khong
*Corrticoid:
-Gy suy gim MD duy tr mnh
ghp(dob/c eosin &b/c lympho)
-Chng vim: /c h/ colagen
chng vim mt s bnh thp khp
*Chng stress:
C ch: stress v no CRF
(vng di i) ACTH (tin yn)
coctisol, aldosteron (v th.thn)
tng khng
*Chng vim, chng d ng: Cortisol
KT TB ch to Macrococtin (chng
vim rt mnh).
- tnh thm mao qun b/c
xuyn mch v di chuyn v pha tn
thng (MD khng c hiu)
TRAO I Na
+
, K
+
-Ti hp thu Na
+
ng thn &
thi K
+
ra nc tiu
+Do gi Na
+
gi nc,
nu ct cht (mt nc)
PROTEIN
KT phn hy protein to a.a da,
c, h lympho nit nc tiu
/c vn chuyn a.a qua mng
gan c t/d ng ha, tng thu
nhn a.a, to nhiu men cho sinh
ng mi & chuyn ha a.a
GLUXIT
ng ha (glycogen gan)
s dng glucose ngoi vi
KT to ng t a.a iu tr
coctisol lu i ng
hp thu glucose rut
ng huyt
LIPIT
-/c tng hp lipit
-phn gii lipit [a.bo]
t do & [cholesterol] mu
O

CH
2
OH
CH
3

C
OH
CH
3

Pregnenolone
Dehydroepiandrosterone
O
OH
Tng hp
Androgen
&Glucocorticoi
d min v
O

CH
2
OH
O
C
OH
Corticosterone
OH
O
O

CH
2
OH
C
OH
Cortisol
Glucocorticoids (lp b)
CH
3
C

CH
3

C
OH
CH
3

CH
3

Enzyme P-450scc
Hot ha bi ACTH
Cholesteron
d

c

b

a

C

C

CH
3
Androgen (lp li)
Androstenodione
O
O
Testosteron
OH
O
CH
3

CH
3

II.TY THNG THN
-Bn cht: Catacholamin tng hp t a.a tyrosine
-Cn c tn cng dy thn kinh giao cm
-Cu to, c ch t/d bit r m hnh n/c cc H. khc
M ch : gan, c trn, tim mch
NH
2

Noradrenalin(Nor-No radical)
OH
OH CH CH
2
OH
CH
3
Adrenalin
OH
OH CH CH
2
OH
NH

T/d nh TK g/cm & c t/d chuyn ha (noradrenalin khng r)
Mng TB ch c 2 receptor , (khi k/h t/d ngc nhau)
-Adrenalin + TB da co mch (s hi lm mt ti nht)
-Adrenalin + nhp tim, huyt p, gan glycogen glucose
mau, xng to lactat, m m phn hy triglycerid

Tim, mch: h/ tim, co mch (tr mch vnh)
can thip try tim mch
C trn: gin c trn d dy, rut, ti mt, bng quang, ph qun, co
c vng p/x gin ng t
Thn: to renin (cu thn) Pa ph n (vim thn tun
hon cu thn tr ngi, TB M cu thn tit renin)

iu ha:
ng huyt, huyt p, stress l nhn t KT tit H. min ty.
*trao i ng: KT p/gii glycogen gan, c ch s/d glucose
-M m, c vn: khng c G-6 phosphatase phn hy glucogen
khng dng li glucose m l lactat
*TKTW: tng cng hng phn
*V thng thn: tit ACTH (Adre & Nor chng stress thng qua
s tit cc H.min v khng)
*Tuyn m hi: tng tit
A.TUYN SINH DC (tinh hon)
Do TB k nm gia cc ng sinh tinh (leydig)
1. H.sinh dc c (Androgen tnh c)
6.TUYN TY (Panereas)
C/yu Testosteron ngoi
Androsteron, dehydroepiandrosteron
Steroid 19C, c nhm OH C
17

V thng thn: 5%
TB k tit 95%
Testosteron
OH
O
CH
3

CH
3

2.Tc dng sinh l
c tnh s/dc s cp: duy tr, KT c quan s/dc & tuyn s/dc ph
c tnh s/dc th cp: ging ni, ru, c bp (mo, ca,..)
KT TC, ng ha, to mu (h/c, Hb >), t/h protit c, phn
gii lipit c
Melanin d tr da dy en hn
KT chc nng ngoi tit c quan s/dc
KT TK gy phn x s/dc
KT tuyn nhn, tuyn b tit VK d xm nhp mn
KT sinh cc feromon mi hp dn

3.iu ha bi tit
-Thnh thc v tnh, cc KT ngoi cnh (mi, con ci, T
0
, nh
sng,thc n) h TK v i no hypothalamus RS
tuyn yn FSH, LH. LH kch tinh hon tit testosteron.
Khi thin (mt k/nng tng hp testosteron):
+C quan s/d v tuyn s/d ph teo
+Mt p/x s/dc
+Gim h/ TK (hng phn, c ch u yu) g/sc thin hin
+Tng tng lipit bo (v bo)

C ch iu ha tit H. sinh dc c
B.TUYN SINH DC CI
Bung trng
Oestrogen
1.Hormone bung trng
A.Oestrogen: TB ht biu m bung trng
Th vng
Progesteron
Nhau thai
Progesteron, oestrogen,
Prolan (A,B), Relaxxin
Oestrogen
O
OH
CH
3

Oestradiol
OH
OH
Oestriol
OH
OH
Tc dng
+c tnh s/dc s cp: KT c quan s/dc :ng dn trng, t
cung, kch thc tuyn v
+c tnh s/dc th cp (mo, lng, ting ku)
+KT xng , c bit xng chu
+ t/hp protein (< H. s/dc )
+ mch mu di da m hn
+Tch nc, mui khong da cng, y n
+ mn cm c trn t cung vi oxytoxin khi
b.Progesteron: (streroid 21 C)
Trng rng th vng progesteron
-Cha tn ti gn ht thi gian cha
-Nu khng 1 thi gian teo (b: 16-18 ngy) cha gi ?
C quan s/dc .b mt trong ng dn (to sng) chun b
n thai (ni mc tng sinh, tit dinh dng)
c tnh s/dc th cp: bn nng lm m, i ng cn thn
KT tuyn v (bao tuyn)
c ch co bp t cung, ng s/dc an thai (c ch oxytoxin)
c ch tit GSH ngng ng dc trnh thai
2.Hormon nhau thai
Prolan A, Prolan B: tng t FSH, LH
Oestrogen
Progesteron


Relaxin: cui k cha gin dy chng xg chu, m c t cung,
gy . Ngoi ra, lm tng sinh trng tuyn sa
Thnh thc v tnh: H.B.trng + th vng pht trin s/dc ci.
Cha: Trng ngng, th vng vn tit an thai
S pht trin ng s/dc ci vn cn nhau thai tit thay th.
Cui k cha, th vng teo ht progesteron phn x .
tit cui k cha (t/d nh H.bung trng)
ct th vng k cha u sy thai
Oestrogen k cui nhiu mn cm T/c vi oxytoxin
Kch dc t (cc H.tit trong k cha)
HTNC (PMS-Pregnant Mare Serum): Prolan A, prolan B.
Ngy 40-45 (HT) nh 70-75 gim & mt hn ngy 150
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) Prolan A, prolan
B. Ngy th 8 (nc tiu) nh (50-60) gim n ngy 80
v duy tr n khi
T/d: KT ng dc, rng trng, siu bi non (nui cy phi)
Khi cha trng, ung th nhau [HCG] rt cao
C ch iu ha tit H. sinh dc ci
3.ng dng
V bo: dng slilboestrol tng hp: cho n, tim hoc ghp di da
(dng trc git tht) ???
HTNC+HCG ng dc nhn to, khc phc chm sinh, v sinh,
siu bi non.
Sinh k hoch: progesteron (c ch rng trng) phi ng lot
S dng FSH, LH, GnRH kch thch rng trng
Prostaglandin ph th vng
C thai SVH ch c (tim di da i, dch l huyt soi)
MD nh tnh
nh lng progesteron
1.Melatonin (tuyn tng): T a.a trytophan serotonin
Melatonin. Tc dng iu ha gic ng v nhp sinh hc
2.Leptin (m m), peptit, c tng quan dng vi d tr m ca
c th, kch thch tnh thm n
3.H.ng tiu ha: (d dy, rut): gastrin, secretin,
4.Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP): Peptit, tit t thnh tm nh,
lin quan n bi tit Na
+
, thn.

MT S HORMONE KHC