Fluid mechanics

500.101
Fluid mechanics
500.101
SOLIDS: Strain is related to stress. For Hookean or linear
elastic solids

σ=Eε, where

ε is strain
E is Young’s modulus
σ is stress (force/area)

FLUIDS: Strain rate is related to shear stress. For

Newtonian fluids

τ = μ du/dy, where

τ is shear stress,
μ is viscosity
du/dy is velocity gradient
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Viscosity behavior
of fluids

Newtonian.
Shear thickening.
Shear thinning.
Thixotropic.
Bingham plastic
Magnetorheological fluid
Fluid mechanics
500.101
Fluid mechanics
500.101

EQUATIONS

Momentum

DV 1   u u j 
  p      i  
Dt Re   x j xi 

Continuity

 
   V  0
t
Fluid mechanics
500.101

BERNOULLI EQUATION

 1 2
  p  v  gz  const
t 2
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Dimensionless quantities

Reynolds Re LV/ν Inertial force/viscous force

Rossby Ro V/(2LΩ sin θ) Inertial force/Coriolis force

[Drag coefficient] Cd (ρ’-ρ)Lg/(ρ’V2) Drag force/inertial force

Fluid mechanics
500.101
Oceanography

Meteorology

Aeronautics

Biomedical fluid mechanics

Convective heat transfer

Turbulence

Acoustics

Powerless pump

Other. . .
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Oceanography
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Meteorolog
y
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Biomedical fluids
Fluid mechanics
500.101
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Aeronautics
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Turbulence
Fluid mechanics
500.101
Fluid mechanics
500.101
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Water delivery
Fluid mechanics
500.101 Acoustics
Fluid mechanics
500.101

RECORD FUEL PRICES PLACE STRESS ON OCEAN

SHIPPING
May 2, 2008
Shipping lines worldwide are struggling as crude oil prices topped
an unprecedented US$119 per barrel this week, in turn pushing
marine bunker fuel prices up past $552 per ton – a $26 per ton
increase since the end of March alone. Bunker prices have risen
87% since the beginning of 2007.

Fuel costs represent as much as 50-60% of total ship operating

costs, depending on the type of ship and service.
.
.
.
With the cost of bunker fuel at $552 per ton, with fuel consumption
at 217 tons per day, and a 14 day voyage, a single round trip
voyage for this one vessel would produce a fuel bill of $3,353,952.
Fluid mechanics
500.101

SkySails flies 100-500m above

sea surface

Generates about 1.5 hp/m2

Largest offering 5000 m2

Estimated fuel saving Rotterdam/NY 27%

Fluid mechanics
500.101

Convective cooling
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Engines
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Water jet cutter with

injected abrasive
(40K psi)
Fluid mechanics
500.101

Power generation from

ocean waves