Lab (4)

THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM

Prepared by:
Mr. RZGAR F. RASHID
skeletal system
Division of the skeletal system

The Adult human skeletons have 206 bones that

are grouped in to two principal parts.
These are:
• The axial skeleton
•The appendicular skeleton.
 Axial Skeleton (80)
• Skull
• Ossicles of the middle ear
• Hyoid bone
• Thorax or chest
• Vertebral column

Provides A framework that:

(1)adjust positions of neck, head, and

trunk

(2)perform respiratory movements

(3) anchor and stabilize the appendicular

bones
 Appendicular
Skeleton (126)
Upper Extremity (64)
• Shoulder Girdle
• Arms
• Hands
Lower Extremity (62)
• Pelvic Girdle
• Legs
• Feet
 **Hyoid Bone

 The only bone that

does not articulate
with another bone

 Serves as a
moveable base for
the tongue
 Skull
• Skull (cranium)
• Consists of 22 bones
• Bones of the skull are grouped into two categories:
1- Cranial bones
2- Facial bones

Cranial bones (8) cranial bones form the cranial cavity

• (1)Frontal bone
• (2) parietal bones
• (2) temporal bones,
• (1) occipital bone
• (1) sphenoid bone
• (1) ethmoid bone
Facial bones

(14) facial bones form the face

(2) nasal bones

(2) Maxillae
(2) zygomatic bones
(1) mandible,
(2) lacrimal bones
(2) palatine bones
(2) inferior nasal conchae
(1) vomer
The Vertebral Column(Spine)
•The Vertebral Column(Spine)
consists of: -
1-Cervical Vertebrae (7)
2-Thoracic Vertebrae
(12)
3- Lumbar Vertberae (5)
4-Sacrum (5 fused)
5- Coccyx (4 fused)
The Thoracic Cage
- Consists of
1- The ribs
2- The sternum

 Type of ribs
The thoracic cage have 12 pairs of ribs which
are divided into three categories:
1- True ribs (7 pairs)
2- False ribs (3 pairs)
3- Floating ribs (2pairs)
The Thoracic Cage

(7)
(3)

(2)
The sternum

 Parts of the sternum

•The sternum hase three parts are:

1- Manubrium
2- Body
3- Xiphoid process
skeletal system
Division of the skeletal system
The Appendicular skeleton

The Appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones it is

include :-
• The pectoral(shoulder) girdle and upper limb
• The pelvic (hip) girdle and lower limb
th
 Pectoral Girdle Acromion
process
Acromial end
Sternal end Clavicle

Head of
humerus
manubrium

• Also known as the Coracoid

shoulder girdle include process

• Clavicles Sternum

• Scapulae
Rib Costal
cartilage
Humerus
Scapula

Ulna
Radius
17
 The Clavicles
• Also called collarbones
• Direct connection between pectoral girdle/axial skeleton
• Long bone, S-shaped bones
• Have
1. Sternal end (originate at the manubrium)
2. Acromial end (articulate with the scapulae)
 Upper limb
Each upper limb (upper extremity) has 30 bones in three
locations:

1- the humerus in the arm

2- the ulna and radius in the forearm

3- the 8 carpals in the carpus (wrist),

the 5 metacarpals in the metacarpus (palm),
and the 14 phalanges (bones of the digits)
in the hand

Upper limb
Ulna: Slightly longer than radius & medial
 The Hand (manus)

There are 27 bones in each hand

Hand consist of the three parts :

1. carpal (or wrist): 8 Bones
2. Metacarpals – palm 5 small long
bones
3. Phalanges(Fingers): 14 bones
 Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
 Composed of two coxal bones (hip bones)
 Composed of three pair of fused bones
 Ilium
 Ischium
 Pubis
 The total weight of the upper body rests on the
pelvis
 Pelvic Protects several organs
1.Reproductive organs
2.Urinary bladder
3.Part of the large intestine
 Bones of the Lower Limb

• Components: the lower limb consist of

four regions:-

– Thigh Femur

– Knee Patella

– Leg Tibia (medial) & Fibula (lateral)

– Foot

• Tarsals (7)
• Metatarsals (5)
• Phalanges (14)
The femur (thighbone)
 The longest, largest, heaviest
and strongest bone.

 The Patella

Also called the kneecap

• Protects knee joint

Patella
 **The Tibia
• Also called the shinbone
• connected to the femur from the knee joint
• Larger than fibula
• Medial to fibula

The Fibula
• Smaller than tibia
• Lateral to tibia
 Foot
The foot contains 26 bones in 3 portion

1-Tarsal (7)– ankle

2- Metatarsals (5)–
sole/instep
3- Phalanges (14) – toes