MME 112: STRENGTH of MATERIALS

WEEK 2: STRESS STRAIN RELATION*

(Behaviour under Tension)

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* Strength of Materials by S.S.Bhavikatti; 4 th edition 1

 STRESS-STRAIN RELATION
⦁ Stress Strain relation of any material obtained by conducting tensile test of a standard
specimen.
• Different materials behave differently.

Fig.1. Standard Tensile Test Specimen 2

 STRESS-STRAIN RELATION
STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
1. Stress Strain Diagram for Mild Steel / Low Carbon Steel (p.11)

σ
D
B
•E
A
• C A. Limit of
Proportionality
B. Upper Yield Point
C. Lower Yield Point
D. Ultimate Point
Modulus of Elasticity (E): E. Breaking Point
• Slope in straight line (elastic area - dy/dx)
σ1 • Much below A point 0 – B: Elastic Area
B – E: Plastic Area
D – E: Necking

0 ε
ε1
3
Fig.2. Stress-Strain Diagram for Mild Steel (Very Ductile Materials)
 STRESS-STRAIN RELATION
STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
1. Stress Strain Diagram for Mild Steel / Low Carbon Steel
• Percentage of Elongation: (p.13)

• Percentage Reduction in Area: (p.13)

• Hooke’s Law: (p.16)

“Stress is proportional to strain in the elastic area” so:
E = Modulus of Elasticity

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 STRESS-STRAIN RELATION
STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
1. Stress Strain Diagram for Mild Steel / Low Carbon Steel
• Factor of Safety (FoS): (p.15)

• Poisson’ Ratio: (p.59)

• Toughness:
 Ability of materials to absorb energy without fracturing.
 Ability of materials to deform plastically without fracturing.
 Determine by the area underneath the Stress-Strain Diagram.

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 STRESS-STRAIN RELATION
STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
2. Stress Strain Diagram for Medium Carbon Steel / Aluminium (p.12)

D
H

B •E
A A. Limit of Proportionality
B. Yield Point
D. Ultimate Point
E. Breaking Point
0 – B: Elastic Area
B – E: Plastic Area
0 H’  D – E: Necking

Fig.3. Stress-Strain Diagram for Medium Carbon Steel (Ductile Materials)

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 STRESS-STRAIN RELATION
STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM

2. Stress Strain Diagram for Medium Carbon Steel

• How to find yield point (offset method):

 Identify the 0.2% strain or 0.002 strain point.
 Draw the line through the 0.2% strain, parallel to the graph.
 The intersection between the line and graph = yield point.

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 STRESS-STRAIN RELATION
STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM

3. Stress Strain Diagram for High Carbon Steel / Brass (p.12)

• D=E A. Limit of Proportionality

B B. Yield Point
D. Ultimate Point = E = Breaking Point
A
0 – B: Elastic Area
B – D/E: Plastic Area
NO Necking

Fig.4. Stress-Strain Diagram for High Carbon Steel (Brittle Materials) 8

 END OF
PRESENTATION