Load Flow Analysis

You will try it with the PowerWorld simulator!

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 1

Samuelsson
 Outline
• Real and reactive power
• Line transfer
• The load flow problem
• Gauss-Seidel
• Newton-Raphson
• (Fast) Decoupled Power
Flow

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 2

Samuelsson
Real and reactive power P & Q

Z xI V xI S
X Q
  
R P
Z=R+jX V=(R+jX)I S=P+jQ
R=Zcos P=Scos; heat, work
X=Zsin Q=Ssin; E&M fields
cos= power factor
>0 ind/lagging
<0 cap/leading
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 3
Samuelsson
Power through inductance

Xline
• Line transfer
Xeq
• Power through transformer
Xd
• Power from generator

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 4

Samuelsson
 Line transfer 1
 I
I1 Z=Z 2

V1=V11 S12 S21  2

V2=V2

S12=P12+jQ12=V1I1*=V1((V1-V2)/Z)*

P12=V12 /Zcos-V1V2/Zcos(1-2+)
Q12=V12 /Zsin-V1V2/Zsin(1-2+)

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 5

Samuelsson
 Line transfer 2
P12
Z≈jX, ≈90°:
P12=V1V2/Xsin(1-2) Pmax V1,V2
Q12=V12 /X-V1V2/Xcos(1-2) constant

P21=V1V2/Xsin(2-1)
Q21=V22 /X-V1V2/Xcos(2-1)

P12=-P21
Q12≠-Q21 if V1≠V2 1-2
Pmax=V1V2/X

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 6

Samuelsson
 The load flow problem
In a network with known parameters,
find V at all buses
given generation and load

•Balance equations at each bus:

Pin(gen – load) – Pout(to other buses)=0
Qin(gen – load) – Qout(to other buses)=0
•Equations nonlinear and coupled
•Postprocessing => line flows and losses
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 7
Samuelsson
DALAM ANALISIS ALIRAN DAYA DIHITUNG :
1. TEGANGAN TIAP-TIAP BUS
2. ALIRAN DAYA PADA TIAP-TIAP SALURAN

ALIRAN DAYA PADA SALURAN i-j DITENTUKAN

SEBAGAI BERIKUT :

S ij  Vi I ij*
*
Vi  V j 
 Vi  
 zij  Zij = Impedansi Saluran i-j

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 8

Samuelsson
Power balance at each bus
PGk+jQGk Vk
 k

PLk+jQLk To rest of system

…
Load
•Balance equations at bus k:
Pin– Pout=0
Qin– Qout=0
•Pin and Qin
Generation minus load
•Pout and Qout line transfer to buses i≠k
Depend on Vi and i
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 9
Samuelsson
 Three bus types

• Swing or slack bus

– Reference with V and  known
• PV or generator bus
– Voltage controlled, V known
• PQ or load bus
– Neither V nor  known

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 10

Samuelsson
 LOAD BUS (PQ BUS) :
- Terhubung dengan beban
- P,Q dari beban diketahui dan tetap
- |V| dan  (sudut fasa) tegangan dihitung

GENERATOR BUS (PV BUS) :

- Terhubung dengan generator
- P, |V| dari generator diketahui dan tetap
-  dan Q (daya reaktif generator)
dihitung

SWING/SLACK BUS :
- Terhubung dengan generator
- |V| dan  = 0° (referensi) dari generator
diketahui dan tetap
- P dan Q dihitung
- Mencatu rugi2 daya dan beban yang tidak
dapat di supply oleh generator lain
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 11
Samuelsson
ANALISIS ALIRAN DAYA
(Load Flow Analysis)

METODE GAUSS-SEIDEL

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 12

Samuelsson
DATA SALURAN

Saluran R (pu) X(pu)

1-2 0,10 0,40
1-4 0,15 0,60
1-5 0,05 0,20
2-3 0,05 0,20
2-4 0,10 0,40
3-5 0,05 0,20

Tetap Dimisalkan/
DATA BUS Harga awal

Bus P (pu) Q(pu) V (pu) Keterangan

1 ……. …….. 1,02 0° Swing/Slack Bus
2 - 0,6 - 0,3 1,00 0° Load Bus
3 1,0 ……. 1,04 0° Generator Bus
4 - 0,4 - 0,1 1,00 0° Load Bus
5 - 0,6 - 0,2 Electric 0° Systems L5
1,00Power Load Bus
- Olof 13
Samuelsson
ADMITANSI
SALURAN

Saluran G (pu) B(pu)

1-2 0,588235 - 2,352941
1-4 0,392157 - 1,568627
1-5 1,176471 - 4,705882
2-3 1,176471 - 4,705882
2-4 0,588235 - 2,352941
3-5 1,176471 - 4,705882

Y11 Y12 0,0 Y14 Y15 

 
Y21 Y22 Y23 Y24 0,0
YBUS = 0,0 Y32 Y33 0,0 Y35 
 
Y41 Y42 0,0 Y44 0,0 
Y 0,0 Y53 0,0 Y55 
 51
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 14
Samuelsson
LOAD BUS (Bus 2)

n
Pi - jQi  Vi* V Y
j 1
j ij

5
P2 - jQ2  V2* V Y
j 1
j 2j

 V2* Y21V1  Y22V2  Y23V3  Y24V4 

1  P2 - jQ2 
V2   *
 Y21V1  Y23V3  Y24V4 
Y22  V2 
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 15
Samuelsson
Elemen Matrix Ybus :
Y21 = -0,588235 + j2,352941 pu
Y22 = 2,352941 - j9,411764 pu
Y23 = -1,176471 + j4,705882 pu
Y24 = -0,588235 + j2,352941 pu
Y25 = 0,0 +j0,0
Tegangan bus 2 pada iterasi 1
1   0,6  j 0,3
V2(1)   (0,588235  j 2,352941)(1,02) 
Y22  1,0  j 0,0

(1,176471 j 4,705882)(1,04)  (0,588235  j 2,352941)(1,0)

1 1,811764  j 9,347058
 (0,6  j 0,3  2,411764  j 9,647058) 
Y22 2,352941 j 9,411764

 0,980000  j 0Electric
,052500 puSystems L5 - Olof
Power 16
Samuelsson
Koreksi (OPTIONAL) :

(1) 1   0,6  j 0,3 

V 2   0,980000  j 0,052500  2,411764  j 9,647058
Y22  

 0,976351 j 0,050965 pu

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 17

Samuelsson
GENERATOR BUS (Bus 3)

5
P3 - jQ3  V3* V Y
j 1
j 3j

 V3* Y32V2  Y33V3  Y35V5 


Q3   Im V3* Y32V2  Y33V3  Y35V5  
1  P3 - jQ3 
V3   *
 Y32V2  Y35V5 
Y33  V3 
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 18
Samuelsson
 Elemen Matrix Ybus :
Y31 = 0,0 + j0,0 pu
Y32 = - 1,176471 + j4.705882 pu
Y33 = 2,352941 - j9,411764 pu
Y34 = - 0,0 + j0,0 pu
Y35 = -1,176471 + j4,705882 pu

Tegangan bus 3 pada iterasi 1

Q3(1)   Im1.04(1,176471  j 4,705882)(0,976351  j 0,050965) 

(2,352941  j 9,411764 )(1,04)  (1,176471  j 4,705882)(1,0) pu

 0,444913 pu

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 19

Samuelsson
 1 1,0  j 0,444913
V3(1)   (1,176471  j 4,705882)(0,976351  j 0,050965) 
Y33  1,04  j 0,0

(1,176471  j 4,705882)(1,0)

1
 (0,961538  j 0,4277801  2,085285  j 9,360334)
Y33
3,046823  j 9,788135
  1,054984  j 0,059979 pu
2,352941  j 9,411764

Koreksi :

V3(1)  1,056688
1,04
V3(1)  1,054984  j 0,059979  1,038322  j 0,059032 pu
1,056688
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 20
Samuelsson
 Iter 0 Iter 1 ‌∆V ‌ Koreksi Iter 2
(α=1,6)
V1(0) : 1,02+j0,0 V1(1) : 1,02+j0,0 ‌∆V1 ‌: ‌V1(1) – V1(0) ‌ V1(1) : 1,02+j0,0 V1(2) : 1,02+j0,0

V2(0) : 1,00+j0,0 V2(1) : 0,97635 - ‌∆V2 ‌: ‌V2(1) – V2(0) ‌ V2(1) : V2(0)+α∆V2 V2(2) : ---
j0,050965
V3(0) : 1,04+j0,0 V3(1) : 1,03832 + ‌∆V3 ‌: ‌V3(1) – V3(0) ‌ V3(1) : optional V3(2) : ---
j0,059032
V4(0) : 1,00+j0,0 V4(1) : ---- +j ---- ‌∆V4 ‌: ‌V4(1) – V4(0) ‌ V4(1) : V4(0)+α∆V4 V4(2) : ---

V5(0) : 1,00+j0,0 V5(1) : ---- +j ---- ‌∆V5 ‌: ‌V5(1) – V5(0) ‌ V5(1) : V5(0)+α∆V5 V5(2) : ---

?
SEMUA ‌∆V ‌ < TOLERANSI
(0,0001)
YA  STOP ITERASI
TIDAK Power
Electric ITERASI DILANJUTKAN
Systems L5 - Olof 21
Samuelsson
 ANALISIS ALIRAN DAYA
(Load Flow Analysis)

METODE NEWTON-RAPHSON

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 22

Samuelsson
 Fungsi Nonlinear dengan 1 (satu) Variabel

Menentukan harga x, untuk F(x)=0 dengan

Metode Newton-Raphson
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 23
Samuelsson
Fungsi dengan 1 (satu) variabel

f ( x)  0
Dengan menggunakan Deret “TAYLOR” :

1 df ( x0 ) 1 d 2 f ( x0 )
f ( x )  f ( x0 )  ( x  x0 )  2
 ......
1! dx 2! dx
1 d n f ( x0 )
...... 
n! dx n
Dengan pendekatan LINEAR :

df ( x0 )
f ( x )  f ( x0 )  ( x  x0 )  0
dx
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 24
Samuelsson
 df ( x0 )
( x  x0 )  f ( x )  f ( x0 )
dx

Secara umum dapat dinyatakan :

df ( x)
x  f
dx
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 25
Samuelsson
Fungsi dengan 2 (dua) variabel

f1 ( x1 , x2 )  0
f 2 ( x1 , x2 )  0

Persamaan yg digunakan pada setiap iterasi :

 f1 f1 
 x   x1   f1
x2   
 1 
 f 2 f 2     
 x  x2  f 2 
 1 x2 
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 26
Samuelsson
 Contoh :

Generator Slack
y 23  4  j10 y13  4  j 5

3
P2  1,70 2 Load 1
V2  1,1249
P3  2,0 V1  1,00 0
Q3  1,0

 4  j5 0  j 0  4  j5 
Ybus 
  0  j 0 4  j10  4  j10 
 4  j 5  4  j10 8  j15 

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 27

Samuelsson
Persamaan Nonlinear :

P1  V1 V1 G11  V1 V3 G13Cos(1   3 )  V1 V3 B13Sin(1   3 )

Q1  V1 V3 G13 Sin(1   3 )  V1 V1 B11  V1 V3 B13Cos(1   3 )

P2  V2 V2 G22  V2 V3 G23Cos( 2   3 )  V2 V3 B23 Sin( 2   3 )

Q 2  V2 V3 G23 Sin( 2   3 )  V2 V2 B22  V2 V3 B23Cos( 2   3 )

P3  V3 V1 G31Cos( 3  1 )  V3 V2 G32Cos ( 3   2 )  V3 V3 G33  V3 V1 B31

Sin( 3  1 )  V3 V2 B32 Sin( 3  1 )

Q 3  V3 V1 G31Sin( 3  1 )  V3 V2 G32 Sin( 3   2 )  V3 V1 B31

Cos( 3  1 )  V3 V2 B32 cos( 3   2 )  V3 V3 B33
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 28
Samuelsson
PERSAMAAN-PERSAMAAN DIATAS
MERUPAKAN FUNGSI DARI V DAN PADA
TIAP-TIAP BUS

PERSAMAAN-PERSAMAAN DIATAS
DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENGHITUNG V DAN
 DARI TIAP-TIAP BUS.

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 29

Samuelsson
Persamaan yang digunakan pada setiap iterasi :

 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 

   V1 2  V2  V3 
 1 3 
 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 
   V1 2  V2 3  V3   1 
 1   P1 
 V 
 P2 P2 P2 P2 P2 P2   1
 Q 
 1  V1 2  V2  V3   1
3  2 
 Q    P2 
Q 2 Q 2 Q 2 Q 2 Q 2  V2  Q 2 
 2    
 1  V1 2  V2 3  V3   P3 
 3  Q 
 P P3 P3 P3 P3 P3    V3   3
 3 
 1  V1 2  V2 3  V3 
 Q3 Q3 Q3 Q3 Q3 Q3 
   V1 2  V2 3  V3 
 1 

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 30

Samuelsson
 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 
   V1 2  V2  V3 
 1 3 
 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 
   V1 2  V2 3  V3   1   P1 
 1   V  
 P2 P2 P2 P2 P2 P2   1 Q
  1

 1  V1 2  V2 3  V3   2    P2 
 Q Q 2 Q 2 Q 2 Q 2 Q 2   V2  Q 2 
 2      P 
 1  V1 2  V2 3  V3   3   3
 P P3 P3 P3 P3 P3    V3   Q3 
 3 
 1  V1 2  V2 3  V3 
 Q3 Q3 Q3 Q3 Q3 Q3 
   V1 2  V2 3  V3 
 1 

Bus 1 : Slack Bus 2 : Gen. bus

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 31
Samuelsson
  P2 P2 P2 
 
 2 3  V3   2   P2 
 P3 P3 P3     
     
 3   3  P
 2 3  V3   V3  3 
 Q3 Q3 Q3 
  3  V3 
 2 

 P2 P2 P2 

 V3   
  2  3  V3      P 
 P3 P3 P3   2   2
JACOBIAN   V3   3    P3 
 3  V3    V3  Q 
Matrix  2 
 Q3 Q3 Q3     3
V3  V3 
  2  3  V3 


Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 32

Samuelsson
 Pi Pi
H ij  N ij  Vj
 j Vj

Qi Qi
J ij  Lij  Vj
 j Vj

 
 H 22 H 23 N 23    2   P   2( k 1)   2( k )   2
H      2
H N    P3   3( k 1)   3( k )   3
 32 33 33  3
 J 32 J 33 L33    V3  
 Q3  V3
( k 1)
 V3
(k )
  V3
JACOBIAN  V3 

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 33

Samuelsson
SECARA UMUM DAPAT DITULIS :

 
H N    P 
J L    V 
 Q 
  V   
JACOBIAN 

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 34

Samuelsson
Iterasi 1 :
P2  P2  {V2 V2 G22  V2 V3 G23Cos ( 2   3 )  V2 V3 B23 Sin( 2   3 )}
P 2  1.70  {(1.1249)(1.1249)(4)  (1.1249)(1.0)(4)Cos (0  0)  (1.1249)(10) Sin(0  0)
P2  1.70  {5.0615  (4.4996)}  1.70  0.562  1.138

P3  P3  {V3 V1 G31Cos( 3  1 )  V3 V2 G32Cos( 3   2 )  V3 V3 G33  V3 V1 B31

Sin( 3  1 )  V3 V2 B32 Sin( 3   2 )}
P3  2  {(1.0)(1.0)( 4)Cos(0  0)  (1.0)(1.1249)( 4)Cos(0  0)  (1.0)(1.0)(8) 
(1.0)(1.)(5) Sin(0  0)  (1.0)(1.11249)(10) Sin(0  0)}
P3  2  0.4996  1.5004.

Q3  Q3  {V3 V1 G31Sin( 3  1 )  V3 V2 G32 Sin( 3   2 )  V3 V1 B31

Cos ( 3  1 )  V3 V2 B32Cos ( 3   2 )  V3 V3 B33 }
Q3  1  {0  0  5  11.249  15}  0.24
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 35
Samuelsson
 P2 
H 22   {V2 V2 G22  V2 V3 G23Cos ( 2   3 )  V2 V3 B23 Sin( 2   3 )}
 2  2
H 22  0  (1.1249)(1.0)(4) Sin(0  0)  (1.1249)(1.0)(10)Cos (0  0)
H 22  0  0  11.249  11 .249

P2 
H 23   {V2 V2 G22  V2 V3 G23Cos ( 2   3 )  V2 V3 B23 Sin( 2   3 )}
 3  3
H 23  0  (1.1249)(1.0)(4){ Sin(0  0)}(1)  (1.1249)(1.0)(10){Cos (0  0)}(1)
H 23  11.249

P2
N 23  V3  0  (1.1249)(4)Cos (0  0)  (1.1249)(10) Sin(0  0)
 V3
N 23  0  4.4996  0  4.4996

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 P3 
H 32   {V3 V1 G31Cos( 3   1 )  V3 V2 G32Cos( 3   2 )  V3 V3 G33 
 2  2
V3 V1 B31Sin( 3   1 )  V3 V2 B32 Sin( 3   2 )}
 0  (1.0)(1.1249)(4){ Sin(0  0)  0  (1.0)(1.0)(5){Cos(0  0)}  (1.0)(1.1249)(10)(1)
 11 .249

P3 
H 33   {V3 V1 G31Cos( 3   1 )  V3 V2 G32 Cos( 3   2 )  V3 V3 G33 
 3  3
V3 V1 B31 Sin( 3   1 )  V3 V2 B32 Sin( 3  2 )}
 0  0  0(1.0)(1.0)(5){Cos(0  0)}(1)  (1.0)(1.1249)(10){Cos(0  0)}(1)  16.249

P3 
N 33  V3  V3 {V3 V1 G31Cos( 3  1 )  V3 V2 G32Cos( 3   2 )  V3 V3 G33 
 V3  V3
V3 V1 B31Sin( 3  1 )  V3 V2 B32 Sin( 3   2 )}
 (1.0)(4)Cos(0  0)  (1.1249)(4)Cos(0  0)  (2)(1)(8)  0  0  7.5004

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 Q3 
J 32   {V3 V1 G31 Sin( 3   1 )  V3 V2 G32 Sin( 3   2 )  V3 V1 B31Cos( 3   1 )
 2  2
 V3 V2 B32 Cos ( 3   2 )  V3 V3 B33 }
 0  (1.0)(1.1249)(4){Cos(0  0)}(1)  0  (1)(1.1249)(10){ Sin(0  0)}(1)  4.4996

Q3 
J 33   {V3 V1 G31Sin( 3   1 )  V3 V2 G32 Sin( 3   2 )  V3 V1 B31Cos ( 3   1 ) 
 3  3
V3 V2 B32Cos ( 3   2 )  V3 V3 B33 }
 (1.0)(1.0)( 4){Cos (0  0)}(1)  (1.0)(1.1249)( 4){Cos (0  0)}(1)  0  0  0  8.4996

Q3 
L33  V3  V3 {V3 V1 G31Sin( 3  1 )  V3 V2 G32 Sin( 3   2 )  V3 V1 B31Cos ( 3  1 ) 
 V3  V3
V3 V2 B32Cos ( 3   2 )  V3 V3 B33 }
 0  0  (1.0)(5){Cos (0  0)}  (1.1249)(10){Cos (0  0)}  (1.0)(1.0)(15)  13.751

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 2 -1
11 .249 11 .249 4.4996 1.138
 3
=  11 .249 16.249 7.5004  1.5004
 V3
4.4996  8.4996 13.7510 0.249
V3

 2 1.138
0.2844 0.1911 0.0112
 3  1.5004
 V3 = 0.1866 0.1733  0.0334
0.0223 0.0446 0.0557 0.249
V3

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 0.0341
 2  0.0341   2  x180  1.955
3.14
 0.056
 3  0.056   3  x180  3.21
3.14
 V3
 0.0277   V3  0.0277 x1.0  0.0277
V3
 2'   20   2  0  1.955  1.955
 3'   30   3  0  (3.21)  3.21
V3'  V30  V3  1  (0.0277)  0.9723 pu

TUGAS 6 ………….. (2 iterasi)

Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 40
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Generator Slack

3
2 Load 1

H 22 H 23 N 23  2 P2
 3
H 32 H 33 N 33 = P3
 V3
J 32 J 33 L33 Q3
V3
JACOBIAN

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Generator Load

1
2 Slack 3

H 22 H 23 N 23  2 P2
 3
H 32 H 33 N 33 = P3
 V3
J 32 J 33 L33 Q3
V3
JACOBIAN

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 Generator Load

1
2 Slack 3

P2 
H 23   {V2 V1 G21Cos ( 2  1 )  V2 V2 G22  V2 V1 B21Sin ( 2  1 )}
 3  3
 0

 2
H 22 0 0 P2
 3
0 H 33 N 33 = P3
 V3
0 J 33 L33 V3 Q3
JACOBIAN
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 43
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 ANALISIS ALIRAN DAYA
(Load Flow Analysis)

METODE FAST-DECOUPLED

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Jaringan transmisi umumnya memiliki
perbandingn X/R yang tinggi.

Perubahan daya aktif sistem [P] hampir tidak

berpengaruh terhadap perubahan magnitude
tegangan [V], namun sangat berpengaruh
terhadap perubahan sudut phase [].

Perubahan daya reaktif sistem [Q] sangat

berpengaruh terhadap perubahan magnitude
tegangan [V], namun hampir tidak berpengaruh
terhadap perubahan sudut phase [].

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Sehingga elemen matrix Jacobian N dan J bisa
diabaikan (bernilai nol) :

  
 P   H 0  V 
Q    0 
L  V 
  
 
Diperoleh persamaan berikut (decoupled) :

P   H  
V 
Q  L 
 V 
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 46
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Dimana elemen matrix Jacobian H dan L dapat
dinyatakan sbb. :

H ij  ViV j (Gij sin  ij  Bij cos  ij ) i j

H ii   BiiVi 2  Qi i j
Lij  ViV j (Gij sin  ij  Bij cos  ij )  H ij i j
Lii   BiiVi 2  Qi i j

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Asumsi dasar yang digunakan:
1. Sistem memiliki rasio X/R yang tinggi. Dengan
demikian:
Gij sin  ij  Bij
2. Perbedaan antara sudut tegangan bus sangat kecil,
sehingga:
sin  ij  sin( i   j )  0
cos  ij  cos( i   j )  1.0
3. Juga:
Qi  BiiVi 2

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Samuelsson
Maka, persamaan ‘decoupled’ diatas dapat dituliskan
sbb. :

P   V t  B'V  

V 

Q  V  B"V 
t
 
 V 

B’ dan B’’ adalah negatif dari bagian imajiner

elemen matrix Ybus. Matrix B’ mempunyai orde (n-1)
dan matrix B’’ mempunyai orde (n-1-m), dimana m
adalah jumlah dari Generator (PV) Bus.

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Samuelsson
Selanjutnya, dilakukan modifikasi tambahan dengan
asumsi-asumsi sbb. :
 elemen yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap aliran
daya reaktif, seperti reaktansi shunt dan off-nominal
tap trafo dihilangkan dari B’.
 pengaruh pergeseran sudut dari phase shifter
dihilangkan dari B”.
 membagi setiap persamaan diatas dengan Vt,
kemudian V di set 1.0

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Persamaan yang digunakan pada setiap
iterasi dengan metode Fast Decoupled
adalah sbb. :

 P 
   B' 
 V 
 Q 
   B"V 
 V 
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 51
Samuelsson
Contoh Sistem Tenaga Listrik dng 5 Bus :

~
1 2

~
~
5

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Data Saluran :
Bus Impedansi Line Charging Admitansi

P–Q Zpq Ycpq/2 Ypq

1-2 0.080+j0.240 0.0+j0.0102 1.250-j3.750

1-3 0.020+j0.060 0.0+j0.0077 5.000-j15.00

1-4 0.080+j0.240 0.0+j0.0102 1.250-j3.750

2-3 0.060+j0.180 0.0+j0.0077 1.666-j5.000

2-5 0.020+j0.060 0.0+j0.0077 5.000-j15.000

3-4 0.080+j0.240 0.0+j0.0102 1.250-j3.750

3-5 0.060+j0.180 0.0+j0.0077 1.666-j5.000

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Data Bus :

BUS V-bus P(pu) Q(pu)

1 ( Slack ) 1.00<0 - -

2 ( Gen1 ) 1.03<0 0.2 -

3 ( Load1 ) 1.00<0 -0.6 -0.2

4 ( Load2 ) 1.00<0 -0.5 -0.1

5 ( Gen2 ) 1.03<0 0.5 -

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 Matrix Ybus :

 7.50  j 22.5  1.25  j3.75  5.0  j15.0  1.25  j 3.75 0 

 1.25  j 3.75 7.92  j 23.75  1.67  j5.0 0  5.0  j15.0

  5.0  j15.0  1.67  j5.0 9.58  j 28.75  1.25  j 3.75  1.67  j5.0
 
 1.25  j 3.75 0  1.25  j3.75 2.5  j 7.5 0 
 0  5.0  j15.0  1.67  j5.0 0 6.67  j 20.0 

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 Matrix B’ :
 7.50  j 22.5  1.25  j3.75  5.0  j15.0  1.25  j3.75 0 
 1.25  j3.75 7.92  j 23.75  1.67  j5.0 0  5.0  j15.0

  5.0  j15.0  1.67  j5.0 9.58  j 28.75  1.25  j3.75  1.67  j5.0
 
 1.25  j3.75 0  1.25  j 3.75 2.5  j 7.5 0 
 0  5.0  j15.0  1.67  j5.0 0 6.67  j 20.0 

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Matrix B’ :

 23.75  5.0 0  15.0 

  5 .0  28.75  3.75  5.0 

 0  3.75  7.5 0 
 
 15.0  5.0 0  20.0

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 Matrix B’’ :

 7.50  j 22.5  1.25  j3.75  5.0  j15.0  1.25  j3.75 0 

 1.23  j 3.75 7.92  j 23.75  1.67  j 5.0 0  5.0  j15. 0 
 
  5.0  j15.0  1.67  j5.0 9.58  j 28.75  1.25  j3.75  1.67  j5.0
 
  1.25  j 3.75 0  1. 25  j 3. 75 2.5  j 7. 5 0 
 0  5.0  j15.0  1.67  j 5.0 0 6.67  j 20.0 

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Matrix B’’ :

 28.75  3.75
 3.75 
 7.5 


Persamaan yang digunakan pada setiap

iterasi dengan metode Fast Decoupled
adalah sbb. :
Electric Power Systems L5 - Olof 59
Samuelsson
 P2 
V 
 2   15.0   2 
 P3   23.75  5.0 0
 5.0  

V
  28.75  3.75  5.0  3 
 3 
 P4 

 
 0  3.75  7.5 0   4 
 V4    
 15.0  5.0 0  20.0  5 
 P 
 5
 V5 

 Q3 
 V 
 3   28.75  3.75 V3 
 Q4     

V
  3.75  7.5  V4 
 4 

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