‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫مدارس المصطفى(ص)‬
DNA,genetic information and cell
cycle
Chapter 2
Activity 1-the karyotype
Pages: 34-35
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
‫فطرت هللا التي فطر الناس عليها ال تبديل لخلق هللا‬
‫ولكن اكثر الناس ال يعلمون‬
‫• صدق هللا العظيم‬
 Objectives
1- To learn the procedure of karyotyping
2- to specify the information derived from the
karyotype
 Refreshment
1-The genetic information is included in the
nucleus which contains the DNA
2-The DNA is packed in the chromosomes in the
nucleus
3- Draw and label a cell( focusing on the random
chromosomes in the nucleus)
 Objective 1

• To learn the procedure

of karyotyping
Animal cell organelles and functions
• DNA= deoxyribo nucleic acid
• RNA=ribo nucleic acid
 Functions:
1- Nucleus: contains the DNA (genetic material) which controls
biological identity
2- Cell membrane: surrounds the cell and controls materials exchange
3- Cytoplasm: the jelly-like substance filling the space around the
nucleus
4- Centrosome: plays a role in the cell division(mitosis)
5- Ribosomes: play a role in protein synthesis
6- Endoplasmic reticulum: a transportation network within the cell
7-Golgi bodies: where protein maturation (become functional) takes
place
8- Secretory vesicles: packages used for secreting cell products
outside the cell
Observe this cell and focus on the random
chromosomes
A karyotype
 Question!!!

Give a definition for a

karyotype
karyotyping
 karyotype

The karyotype is the arranged

set of homologous
chromosomes according to
some criteria
Homologous chromosomes
Procedure of karyotyping

pp
 Question !!!

• Summarize the steps of

karyotyping procedure
 Steps of karyotype

2 minutes for
answering
 Answer
1- collect the blood sample from the human
2- culture the cells to allow mitosis(WBC)
3- Separate the WBC(used in karyotyping) from RBC which
are disposed(because they are enucleated)
4- add colchicine to the culture to stop mitosis at
metaphase(the phase at which the chromosomes are visible)
5- spread the cells on the slide and observe under the
microscope
6- take a photo and print it out
7- Cut and arrange the chromosomes(karyotype)
 What are the Criteria of karyotyping?

Three criteria are:

1- size of the chromosomes( the longer is put
first)
2- position of the centromere (the upper is put
first)
3- Dark and light band
 Evaluation of objective 1
1- define a karyotype
2- list the steps of karyotyping procedure
3- list the three criteria of karyotyping
 Objective 2

to specify the information derived

from the karyotype
What information can be concluded from a
karyotype:
Continue…
Continue…
Continue…
 Continu…
Trisomy 21 Trisomy 18
Continu…
 Evaluation of objective 2
List the information that can be
concluded from a karyotype
 summary
1- karyotyping is the arrangement of the set of
homologous chromosome of the cell
2- the karyotype is the arranged set of the pairs
of homologous chromosomes of a cell
3- there are three criteria of karyotyping
4- By karyotyping we can derive the followings:
 Continu…
1- specifying the species( human, horse,
potatoes…)
2- determining the sex ( male or female)
3- specifying the type of the cell( haploid or
diploid-gamete or somatic cell)
4- detection of any chromosomal
abnormality( trisomy, monosomy ..)
 Agenda
To be sent vis eschool agenda
 The end
Thank you for listening
Teacher Hani Allush