01 FO - BT1101 - E01 - 1 FDD-LTE Radio Network Principle - 65P

FDD-LTE Radio Network
Principle
Contents
 Mobile Network Evolution

 LTE Architecture and Benefits
 LTE Key Technology
 ZTE LTE Solution
Drivers of Mobile Network Evolution
Wireless Internet - A New Paradigm for Mobile Communication
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Evolution Trend of Mobile Technology
GSM GPRS EDGE eEDGE
TD- MC-HSPA TDD

HSPA
SCDMA MBMS
LTE
WCDMA HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+
R99 R5 R6 R7
MBMS 4G
FDD
cdma 2000 EV-DO

cdma 1x cdma 2000
EV-DO Rev. A
EV-DO
UMB
Rev. B
802.16 d 802.16 e 802.16 m
2G 2.5G 2.75G 3G 3.5G 3.75G 3.9G 4G
 Multi-Standards Coexist : OFDM, OFDMA and MIMO, basic technologies in different

standards, are employed in multi wireless access technology.
 Multi-frequency Coexistence: More frequency bands are available and standardized.
 Mobile Broadband: Increase spectrum utilization; reduce the cost of wireless data services;
ready for multimedia-based services.
LTE Background
 LTE: Long Term Evolution

 Oct. 2011, 3GPP TSG RAN workshop

Evolution of Speed

Technologies’ Comparison
802.16e (WiMAX) HSPA+ LTE

FEATURE
TDD OFDMA FDD WCDMA FDD OFDMA

MIMO 64QAM MIMO 64QAM DL TDD SC-FDMA
BW: 1.25 ~ 20MHz 16QAM UL MIMO 64QAM
BW: 5MHz 1.4 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 20MHz

DATA RATE
63.36Mbps DL 42Mbps DL 150Mbps DL

2*2 10MHz 2*2 5MHz 2*2 20MHz
28.22Mbps UL 11.5Mbps UL 75Mbps UL

2*2 10MHz 5MHz 2*2 20MHz
STANDARD
2005.12 2008. Q3 2009. Q3

3G spectrum
New spectrum 3G spectrum
New spectrum

Organizations Leading in LTE Ecosystem
Requirement Stand Test
PCG
TSG GERAN
TSG RAN
TSG SA
TSG CT

3GPP Organization Structure
Project Co-ordination Group (PCG)
TSG GERAN TSG RAN TSG SA TSG CN
GSM EDGE Radio Access Network Service & Systems Core Network & Terminals
Radio Access Network
RAN WG1 Aspects
CT WG1
GERAN WG1 Radio Layer 1 spec SA WG1 MM/CC/SM (lu)
Radio Aspects RAN WG2

Services
CT WG3
Radio Layer 2 spec SA WG2 Interworking with external
GERAN WG2 Radio Layer 3 RR spec Architecture networks
Protocol Aspects RAN WG3 SA WG3 CT WG4

Security MAP/GTP/BCH/SS
GERAN WG3 lub spec, lur spec, lu spec
Terminal Testing UTRAN O&M requirements SA WG4 CT WG6
Card Application Aspects
RAN WG4 Codec
Radio Performance SA WG5
Protocol aspects Telecom Management
RAN WG5
Mobile Terminal
Conformance Testing

Key Requirements

LTE Frequency and Bandwidth
E- UL: eNode B receive, UE transmit DL: eNode B transmit, UE receive Duplex
UTRAN Mode
Band FUL_low – FUL_high FDL_low – FDL_high
1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD

5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894MHz FDD
9 1749.9 MHz – 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 MHz – 1879.9 MHz FDD
11 1427.9 MHz – 1452.9 MHz 1475.9 MHz – 1500.9 MHz FDD
12 [TBD] – [TBD] [TBD] – [TBD] FDD
...
33 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz TDD
39 1880 MHz - 1920 MHz 1880 MHz - 1920 MHz TDD
40 2300 MHz - 2400 MHz 2300 MHz - 2400 MHz TDD
LTE Release Comparison

Contents

E-UTRAN Structure
MME / S- MME / S-
GW GW
 Mobility
EPC Management
 Serving Gateway
S1  Interface between
EPS MME/SGW & eNodeB
eNodeB
RNC
E- Node eNodeB
X2 X2
UTRAN B
eNodeB
X2
eNodeB
+ =
 Interface between
eNodeBs
 Only one Node in E-UTRAN – eNodeB  Flexible band width

 Evolved Packet Core – EPC  Higher spectrum efficiency
 Evolved Packet System – EPS  High peak rate, Lower latency

LTE/SAE System Architecture Evolution
PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
GERAN MME: Mobile Management Entity
SGSN
HSS
UTRAN
S3 S6a
S1-
MME
MME
PCRF
S4 S7 Rx+
S11
S10
LTE-Uu
S5 SGi
Serving PDN Operator's IP Services
UE E-UTRAN
Gateway Gateway
S1-U (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)

EUTRAN/EPC Function Module
eNB
Inter Cell RRM
RB Control
Connection Mobility Cont.
Radio Admission Control MME
eNB Measurement
NAS Security
Configuration & Provision
Dynamic Resource Idle State Mobility

Allocation (Scheduler) Handling
RRC PDCP SAE Bearer Control
RLC
SAE Gateway
MAC
S1
PHY Mobility Anchoring
internet
E-UTRAN EPC

eNodeB Function
 Radio Resource Management
 IP header compression and encryption of user
data stream
 Selection of an MME at UE attachment when no
routing to an MME can be determined from the
information provided by the UE
 Routing of User Plane data towards Serving
Gateway
eNodeB  Scheduling and transmission of paging
messages
 Scheduling and transmission of broadcast
information
 Measurement and measurement reporting
configuration for mobility and scheduling
 Scheduling and transmission of ETWS messages
 CSG handling

MME Function
 NAS signalling
 NAS signalling security
 AS Security control
 Inter CN node signalling for mobility between 3GPP access
networks
 Idle mode UE Reachability (including control and execution of
paging retransmission)
 Tracking Area list management (for UE in idle and active
mode)
 PDN GW and Serving GW selection
MME  MME selection for handovers with MME change
 SGSN selection for handovers to 2G or 3G 3GPP access
networks
 Roaming
 Authentication
 Bearer management functions including dedicated bearer
establishment
 Support for ETWS message transmission
SGW Function
 The local Mobility Anchor point for inter-eNB

handover
 Mobility anchoring for inter-3GPP mobility
 E-UTRAN idle mode downlink packet buffering
and initiation of network triggered service request
procedure
 Lawful Interception
SGW  Packet routeing and forwarding
 Transport level packet marking in the uplink and
the downlink
 Accounting on user and QCI granularity for inter-
operator charging
 UL and DL charging per UE, PDN, and QCI
PGW Function
 Per-user based packet filtering

 Lawful Interception
 UE IP address allocation
 Transport level packet marking in
the downlink
 UL and DL service level charging,
gating and rate enforcement;
PDN GW
 DL rate enforcement based on
AMBR

LTE/SAE Protocol Structure
MME
UE eNB NAS
S1AP
NAS
APP SCTP
RRC RRC S1AP X2AP
IP
PDCP PDCP SCTP
RLC RLC IP
SGW
MAC MAC GTPU
GTPU
PHY PHY UDP
UDP
IP
Signaling Flow
Data Flow

LTE Physical Layer Introduction
Layer 3 Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Control / Measurements
Logical channels
Layer 2
Medium Access Control
(MAC)
Transport channels
Layer 1 Physical layer

LTE Radio Interface — Control Plane
UE eNB MME
NAS NAS
RRC RRC
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
PHY PHY

LTE Radio Interface — User Plane
UE eNB S-GW
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
PHY PHY
same as UMTS PS domain

Flat and IP-based Network Architecture for LTE
WCDMA/HSPA LTE Flat Structure Without RNC
MSCS GGSN •Less investment

MME x-GW
HLR HSS PCRF
•Easy maintenance
EPC
MGW SGSN •Reduce transmission
RNC RNC delay
IP Backbone IP Backbone •Better reliability
Node B Node B eNode B eNode B

MME/x-GW
Integrates CN &
partial RNC functions
eNode B
Flat network structure and IP-based network can Full function of Node
reduce the TCO of LTE network. B and major function
of RNC

LTE Enriches the Mobile Services
Mobile Broadband Changes the Future Life
 Video Sharing
 Mobile Email
 Video Blog
 Netmeeting
 Video Chat
 HD Video
Conference  Information
 Video on  Mobile
Demand Shopping
 Online Game  Mobile Bank
 HD video  Mobile Stock
streanming
LTE improves user experience by high capacity,

quick response, high data-rate and better QoS.

Contents

Frame Structure ——Type 1
1 frame Tf = 307200 TS = 10 ms
1Slot (Tslot) =15360×TS=0.5ms
#0 #1 #2 …… …… #17 #18 #19
1 Subframe
 1 frame=10 sub-frames=10ms
 1 sub-frame=2 slots=1ms
 Ts=1/(15000*2048)s, basic time unit

Frame Structure ——Type 2
1 frame Tf = 307200 Ts = 10 ms
1 half-frame=153600 TS = 5 ms
1 slot
Tslot=15360TS
30720TS
SF #0 … SF #4 SF #5 … SF #9
1 SF 1 SF
DwPTS UpPTS DwPTS UpPTS
GP GP
 1 frame=10 sub-frames=10ms
 1 sub-frame=2 slots=1ms
 Ts=1/(15000*2048)s, basic time unit
 Special Frame contains DwPTS, UpPTS and GP.
Ratio of TD-LTE DL and UL
Uplink- Downlink-to-Uplink Subframe number
downlink
 D—DwPTS, configuration
Switch-point
periodicity
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
U—UpPTS
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
Guard Protection—GP 1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
 Special Frame= 5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
DwPTS+UpPTS 6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D
+GP
Normal cyclic prefix Extended cyclic prefix
Configuration
DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS
0 3 10 3 8
1 9 4 8 3 1 OFDM
1 OFDM symbols
2 10 3 9 2
symbols
3 11 2 10 1
4 12 1 3 7
2 OFDM
5 3 9 8 2
symbols
6 9 3 2 OFDM 9 1
7 10 2 symbols - - -
8 11 1 - - -

Resource Type
1 slot = 1ms = 14 OFDM Symbols
（Normal CP）
1 slot = 0.5ms = 7 OFDM symbols
（Normal CP） RE (Resource Element)
the smallest resource unit
1 symbol, 1 subcarrier
(k, l)
RB ( Resource Block)
1 TS, 12 subcarriers
f/subcarrier（k）
l=0
k=0 Time/OFDM symbol （k）

Resource Unit
RE (Resource Element)
Time: 1 symbol ， Frequency: 1
subcarrier
RB ( Resource Block)
Time: 1 time slot ， Frequency: 12 subcarriers,
traffic channel
Resource Unit REG ( Resource Element Group)
4 RE, control channel
CCE ( Channel Control Element)

9 REG.
RBG ( Resource Block Group)

LTE Physical Resource: REG/CCE/RBG
REG
Size of RBG related with system
bandwidth.
RS REG n+1 REG n+2 RS REG n+1 REG n+2 System Bandwidth RBG Size
（ RB ） (P)
≤10 1
RS REG n+1 RS REG n+1 11 – 26 2
27 – 63 3
64 – 110 4
RS RS
REG n REG n REG n REG n
RS RS
1st OFDM symbol 2nd OFDM symbol

2nd
OFDM symbol
3rd OFDM symbol CCE （ Channel Control Element
(1/2 antenna port )
(4 antenna port)
）
9 REG

33
System Bandwidth
 Valid Bandwidth = subcarrier * subcarrier per RB * RB

 Subcarrier bandwidth = 15KHz
 Subcarrier per RB = 12
Bandwidth
1.4 3 5 10 15 20
(MHz)
RB Number 6 15 25 50 75 100
Valid Bandwidth
1.08 2.7 4.5 9 13.5 18
(MHz)

LTE Channel
Downlink Channel
BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH
Logical
Channel
Transport
BCH PCH DL-SCH MCH Channel
Physical
PBCH PDSCH PMCH Channel
Uplink Channel
CCCH DCCH DTCH Logical
Channel
Transport
Channel
RACH UL-SCH
Physical
Channel
PRACH PUCCH PUSCH

Physical Channel and Signal
 Uplink Physical Channel  Downlink Physical Channel

 PUSCH  PDSCH
 PUCCH  PBCH
 PRACH  PMCH
 Uplink Physical Signal

 PCFICH
 PDCCH
 RS: Reference Signal

DMRS
 PHICH

SRS  Downlink Physical Signal
 Synchronization Signal
 RS: Reference Signal

UL-SCH Physical Layer Model
Node B Error UE
indications
Channel- state
information, etc.
ACK/NACK
HARQ
HARQ HARQ info HARQ info HARQ
HARQ
CRC
CRC
CRC CRC
CRC
CRC
Uplink transmission control

Coding + RM
Decoding Coding +
+ RM
Decoding++RM
MAC scheduler
RM Coding
Coding +RM
RM
Redundancy
Redundancy
version
version
Interl.
Deinterleaving
Deinterleaving Interl.
Interleaving
Modulation Modulation
scheme Data modulation Data modulation scheme
Data demodulation
Data demodulation Data
Datamodulation
modulation
Resource Resource/power
assignment RB mapping assignment
Resource
Resourcedemapping
demapping RB mapping
Resource
Resourcemapping
mapping
Antenna Antenna
mapping mapping
Antenna
Antennademapping
demapping Antenna
Antennamapping
mapping

BCH Physical Layer Model
Node B UE
Error
Single Transport blocks indication
( fixed size S)
CRC
CRC CRC
CRC
Coding
Coding++
RMRM Decoding
Decoding++RM
RM
Data
Datamodulation
modulation QPSK only Data
Data demodulation
demodulation
Resource mapping Resource demapping
Antenna mapping Antenna demapping

DL-SCH Physical Layer Model
Node B UE Error
Channel- state N Transport blocks indications
information, etc. ( dynamic size S1 ..., SN )
ACK/NACK ACK/NACK
HARQ
HARQ HARQ info HARQ info HARQ
HARQ
CRC
CRC
Redundancyfor
CRC
error detection CRC
Coding + RM Redundancyfor
Coding + RM
MAC scheduler
Redundancy Coding + RM data detection Decoding + RM

version
Modulation
QPSK, 16QAM,
scheme Data modulation
Data modulation Data modulation
64QAM Data demodulation
Data demodulation
Resource/power
assignment RB mapping RB mapping
Resource mapping Resource demapping
Antenna
mapping
Multi- antenna
Antenna mapping processing Antenna demapping

Downlink RS

FDD LTE Channel Structure

OFDM Technology
 OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

OFDM Technology

DFT-Spread OFDM

OFDMA: Downlink Multiple Access
System Bandwidth
Sub-carriers
Sub-frame
Frequency
Time frequency
resource for User 1
Time frequency
resource for User 2
Time
Time frequency
resource for User 3
 Up to 16 QAM can be used
 Resistance to multi-path interference by Cyclic Prefix
 Friendly to MIMO

SC-FDMA: Uplink Multiple Access
System Bandwidth
Single Carrier
Sub-frame
Frequency
Time frequency
resource for User 1
Time frequency
resource for User 2
Time
Time frequency
resource for User 3
 Up to 16 QAM can be used

 Single carrier modulation achieves lower Peak to Average
0 Ratio (PAPR)
 FDMA is efficiently achieved through FFT operation

MIMO Technology

MIMO Technology
 MIMO Categories:
 MIMO ： Multiple Input Multiple Output
 SISO ： Single Input Single Output
 SIMO ： Single Input Multiple Output
 LTE basic configuration: DL 2*2 , UL 1*2 , maximal 4*4

Scenarios of Different MIMO Modes in LTE
1 Mode 1 Single Antenna Port Correspond to Single Antenna Port
2 Mode 2 Transmit Diversity Provide Diversity Against Fading
3 Mode 3 Open Loop Spatial multiplexing High Mobility Environment
4 Mode 4 Closed-Loop Spatial multiplexing Improve Peak data rates
5 Mode 5 MU-MIMO Improve system Capacity
Mode 6 Codebook Beam Forming

6
Improve cell Coverage and
Suppress Interference
7 Mode 7 Non Codebook Beam Forming

Modulation
LTE BPSK Constellation Map LTE QPSK Constellation Map
2 2
1.5 1.5
1 1
0 10 00
0.5 0.5 LTE Supports BPSK,
0 0
QPSK, 16QAM and
-0.5 -0.5
1 11 01 64QAM.
-1 -1
-1.5 -1.5
-2 -2
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
LTE 16QAM Constellation Map LTE 64QAM Constellation Map

1.5 1.5
1 1 101111 101101 100101 100111 000111 000101 001101 001111

1011 1001 0001 0011
101110 101100 100100 100110 000110 000100 001100 001110
0.5 0.5 101010 101000 100000 100010 000010 000000 001000 001010
1010 1000 0000 0010
101011 101001 100001 100011 000011 000001 001001 001011
0 0
111011 111001 110001 110011 010011 010001 011001 011011
1110 1100 0100 0110
-0.5 -0.5 111010 111000 110000 110010 010010 010000 011000 011010
111110 111100 110100 110110 010110 010100 011100 011110
-1 1111 1101 0101 0111 -1 111111 111101 110101 110111 010111 010101 011101 011111
-1.5 -1.5
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

FEC & ARQ
 FEC ： Forward Error Correction
Data FEC FEC Data

Channel
Sending Coding Decoding Receiving
 ARQ ： Automatic Repeat Request
Data Data
Channel
Sending Receiving
ACK/NACK

HARQ = FEC +ARQ
FEC Error Correction &

FEC Coding Detection
Forward
Channel
If receive ACK, then send

Receive code group
the next code group;
without error, and
If receive NACK,
feedback ACK, otherwise
so re-send the original Feedback
Channel feedback NACK.
code group.
HARQ: ARQ high reliability, FEC high efficiency

SON Architectures
SON SON
OAM
OAM OAM
SON SON SON SON

eNodeB eNodeB
eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB
Cell A Cell B Cell A Cell B Cell A Cell B
Centralized SON Distributed SON Hybrid SON

SON Use Cases Based on Function
54
SON Use Cases Based on Project
Planning Deployment
Operation Optimisation

Contents

 Product Solution
 Transport Solution
Full Series LTE Product Line
WITH VOICE
LTE TERMINAL SOLUTION
SINGLE RAN
LTE ACCESS & PLUS
MICROWAVE
LTE TRANSPORT
uMAC
LTE CORE
xGW

ZTE Unified Radio Sub-System Platform
One Network Target
GSM/EDGE UMTS/HSPA TD-SCDMA CDMA2000 WiMAX LTE

GSM/EDGE
ZTE Universal SDR Platform UMTS/HSPA
LTE
Distributed Integrated
Universal
RRU
RRU
RSU Features
 MicroTCA architecture
 Multi-Standard support
BBU  Baseband sharing and

software configurable
 RRU sharing and software
BBU configurable
Future-Proof
Future-Proof Platform
Platform with
with Smooth
Smooth Evolution
Evolution Support
Support
GSM/LTE Dual-mode System to Co-existence
with UMTS
ZTE SDR Platform
 09’ Q3 launch GSM LTE
 LTE hardware ready
 Cost effective solution
GSM/LTE Dual-mode Platform
+10 years GSM system G/L dual-mode LTE system
1. Replace by GSM/LTE 2. Software upgrade

dual-mode system

UMTS/LTE Dual-mode System to Prove Future
Evolution
UMTS/LTE System UMTS/LTE System
Existed GSM system
GSM System
2. GSM replace by
U/L system
1. Build a new UMTS/LTE
dual-mode system
3. Software upgrade
LTE system
UMTS LTE
UMTS/LTE dual-mode Platform

ZTE SDR Based Uni-RAN Solution
GSM & WCDMA CN

IP based LTE
& SAE BSC/RNC backhaul
RRU@2.6GHz
UMTS
LTE &
S1 Iub/Abis
LTE, GSM, UMTS

Baseband Unit
RRU @2.1GHz
LTE & GSM

 Distributed system architecture
RRU @900/1800MHz
 Multimode operation

ZTE Unified O&M Solution
NMS/ 3rd Party

OSS/BSS
NMS/OSS/BSS
EMS CORBA SNMP FILE ASCII DB
FM/PM/CM/IM FM FM/PM/CM/IM FM FM/PM/CM/IM
Fault Performance Configuration

NetNumen TM
M31 Management Management Management
Accounting SON Security

Management Functions Management
Inventory System Topology

Management Management Management
NE
BSS UTRAN EPS TD-SCDMA WiMAX

Contents

 Product Solution
 Transport Solution
ZTE All-around LTE Solution
UE E-UTRAN EPC
HSS PCRF
Handset Rural
Transmission
IMS
Network
Dense Hot-
Urban
Urban spot
Express
card Suburban Home Internet
eNodeB
MME/SGW PGW
USB
dongle
B8200+ B8300+
CPE BS8800 BS8900 Micro/Pico RRU Femto ENB
R8860

01 FO - BT1101 - E01 - 1 FDD-LTE Radio Network Principle - 65P

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

01 FO - BT1101 - E01 - 1 FDD-LTE Radio Network Principle - 65P

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FDD-LTE Radio Network

 Mobile Network Evolution

Wireless Internet - A New Paradigm for Mobile Communication

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

TD- MC-HSPA TDD

cdma 2000 EV-DO

2G 2.5G 2.75G 3G 3.5G 3.75G 3.9G 4G

 Multi-Standards Coexist : OFDM, OFDMA and MIMO, basic technologies in different

 LTE: Long Term Evolution

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

802.16e (WiMAX) HSPA+ LTE

TDD OFDMA FDD WCDMA FDD OFDMA

BW: 5MHz 1.4 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 20MHz

63.36Mbps DL 42Mbps DL 150Mbps DL

28.22Mbps UL 11.5Mbps UL 75Mbps UL

2005.12 2008. Q3 2009. Q3

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Requirement Stand Test

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Project Co-ordination Group (PCG)

TSG GERAN TSG RAN TSG SA TSG CN

Radio Aspects RAN WG2

Protocol Aspects RAN WG3 SA WG3 CT WG4

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Mobile Network Evolution

 Only one Node in E-UTRAN – eNodeB  Flexible band width

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

GERAN MME: Mobile Management Entity

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Inter Cell RRM

Connection Mobility Cont.

Radio Admission Control MME

Dynamic Resource Idle State Mobility

RRC PDCP SAE Bearer Control

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 The local Mobility Anchor point for inter-eNB

 Per-user based packet filtering

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Layer 3 Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Layer 1 Physical layer

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

same as UMTS PS domain

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

WCDMA/HSPA LTE Flat Structure Without RNC

MSCS GGSN •Less investment

IP Backbone IP Backbone •Better reliability

Node B Node B eNode B eNode B

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Mobile Broadband Changes the Future Life

LTE improves user experience by high capacity,

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Mobile Network Evolution

1Slot (Tslot) =15360×TS=0.5ms

#0 #1 #2 …… …… #17 #18 #19

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved