COFFEE

What is coffee and why

is coffee important to
the Philippine
economy?
 Ayon sa isang African tale
noong 800 A.D. sa Yemen ay
napatalang ang mga kambing
ang siyang unang
nakadiskubre ng kape.
Sa pagkain sa di
nakikilalang mapulang bunga
nito ay magdamag na
nagsisayawan ang mga
kambing.
Ang salitang “coffee” ay
nagmula sa wikang Arabic
na “kaweh” ang ibig sabihin
ay lakas. Maari ring nagmula
ito sa “kaffa”, isang lugar sa
Ethiopia, na kung saan
pinaniniwalaang pinagmulan
ng kape.
Ang mga coffee shops ay malaking
bahagi sa paghubog ng “destiny” ng
mga bansa. Ang Merchant Coffee
House sa New York na naitatag noong
1737 ay siyang naging meeting place
at kasangkapan sa pagkakatatag ng
American Union. Noong kabataan ni
Hitler bilang di kilalalang
magtitinda ng diyaryo, napatalang
nabuo niya ang kanyang mga
political ideas sa isang coffee
shop sa Vienna, na pag-aari
ng isang Hudyo.
Ang kapeng barako ay
hinango sa pangalan ng
baboy damo. Ito ay may
kakaiba at matapang na
lasa. At ang Pilipinas ay isa
sa dalawang
pinanggagalingan ng kapeng
ito sa buong mundo, ang isa
ay ang Ethiopia sa Africa
Ang unang pagtatanim ng
kape sa Pilipinas ay
naitala noong 1740, at
noong taong 1880 ang
Pilipinas ay ika-4 sa
pinakamalaking exporter
sa buong mundo
Ang siyentipikong si William
Harvey, na nakadiskubre ng
“blood circulation” ay
tinawag ang kape bilang
natatanging “source” ng
kasiyahan at katalinuhan.
 STORY
STORY OF
OF COFFEE
COFFEE
Started in the Horn of Africa
(Province of Kaffa, Ethiopia)
Slaves were eating the succulent
outer cherry flesh as they were
taken from Sudan into Yemen and
Arabia, thru the port of Mocha.
From Arabia coffee was brought
to the East by the Dutch traders
who were looking for spices.
 STORY
STORY OF
OF COFFEE
COFFEE
Coffee was introduced to the
Philippines in the 18th century and
was 1st planted in Lipa, Batangas.
The Philippines used to be the
top coffee exporter in Asia in the
60s to the 80s and were still
exporting coffee beans until 1995.
In 1997, the Philippines became
a net importer of coffee.
 BOTANY
BOTANY OF
OF COFFEE
COFFEE
 Family : RUBIACEAE (w/ 500 genera and
> 6,000 species
 Genera : COFFEA
 Coffea has > 70 varieties
 Four (4) most important varieties :
(1) Arabica (world: 65-70%; Phils: 5%)
(2) Canephora/Robusta (World 30-
35%;Phils: 85%)
(3) Liberica (“kapeng barako”)
(4) Excelsa
* Other varieties (world: 1%; Phils.: 10%)
• Ang pinakamababang taas ng kailangang
pagtaniman ay 900 metro above sea
level.
• Nagbubuntis sa sariling bunga (self-
pollinated)
 ROBUSTA

• Sa mababang lugar ang taniman. Hanggang

900 meter above sea level lamang ang
pinakamataas.
• Cross pollinated
• Kalimitang ginagamit bilang “instant
coffee”
 Excelsa coffee

Liberica coffee
 ECOLOGY
ECOLOGY OF
OF COFFEE
COFFEE
Coffee is a tropical plant w/c grows
between the latitudes of 25o N and
25o S (coffee belt)
Coffee needs 1500 to 3000 mm
annual rainfall
Arabica can be grown 1000-2000m
above sea level
Robusta can be grown 0-1000m
above sea level
IMPORTANCE
IMPORTANCE OF
OF COFFEE
COFFEE
2nd most consumed breverage in the world
after water
2nd only to oil in terms of value as world
traded commodity
In the Phils. >100,000 people depend on
coffee for their livelihood
Phil. Demand for coffee beans now amount
to 64,000 MT valued at Ps 2.5 Billion
annually
Phil. Imports of coffee beans now amount
to 30,000 MT valued at Ps. 1.2 Billion
ADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE OF
OF GROWING
GROWING COFFEE
COFFEE
Very high world and local demand
Available Market
Available “free” technology
Available high-yielding planting materials
Suitable to Philippines climatic and soil
condition
Non-perishable crop
Short waiting time from planting to 1st
harvest
Permanent crop; long economic life span
Very high pests tolerability especially
Robusta
 COFFEE
COFFEE TRADING
TRADING
Coffee can be traded as :

Coffee cherries
Dried berries
Green coffee beans
Roasted / grounded beans
Instant soluble coffee
 COFFEE
COFFEE TRADING
TRADING

Nestle is number 1 buyer of

coffee beans in the world (10-
15% of world production.
In the Philippines, Nescafe has
>90% market share
Nestle is buying >90 of
Philippine coffee beans
 PHILIPPINE
PHILIPPINE COFFEE
COFFEE MAP
MAP (CY
(CY 2006/07)
2006/07)
Total Coffee Hectarage : 75,279 Has.
Estimated no. of farmers: 36,770
NORTH LUZON
Estimated Crop Production : 30,000 MT Hectarage: 5,000 has.
Average yield per Hectare: 0.3985 MT Estd. No. of farmers: 5,882
Estd. Crp Prodn: 1,850 MT
Ave. Yield/Hectare: 0.370 MT

SOUTH LUZON
Hectarage: 9,504 has.
Estd. No. of farmers: 3,332
Estd. Crop Prodn: 8,300 MT
Ave. Yield/Hectare: 0.8733 MT
VISAYAS
Hectarage: 6,725 has.
Estd. No. of farmers: 4,416
Estd. Crop Prodn: 2,200 MT
Ave, Yield/Hectare: 0.327 MT

SOUTH-WEST MINDANAO
Hectarage: 36,050 has.
Estd. No. of farmers: 14,900
Estd. Crop Prodn: 11,350 MT
Average Yield/Hectare: 0.3148 MT
NORTH-EAST MINDANAO
Hectarage: 18,000 has.
Estd. No. of farmers: 8,240
Estd. Crop Prodn: 6,300 MT
Ave. Yield/Hectare: 0.350 MT
COFFEE
COFFEE IN
IN THE
THE PHILS.
PHILS.
Coffee in the Philippines is a
very much a “backyard” crop

Most coffee trees with less or

even zero maintenance

Over the years, demand

progressively outsripping supply
Tumaas ang konsumo ng kape ng 4.5%
noong 2003 kumpara noong 2002.
Philippine Supply and
Demand Situation
GREEN
GREEN COFFEE
COFFEE PURCHASES
PURCHASES
LOCAL vs IMPORTED
 COFFEE
COFFEE IN
IN THE
THE PHILS.
PHILS.
Factors contributing to declining
coffee production:
Low esteem for farming
Exodus of farmers to the city
Traditional way of coffee growing:
“techno-LOLO”“wildlings”
Insufficient plantation
management
Gradual aging of coffee tree
Lack of affordable rural credit
Access to good coffee price
“marketing”.
COFFEE
COFFEE IN
IN THE
THE PHILS.
PHILS.
WHAT IS NEEDED TO MAKE
COFFEE FARMING A SUSTAINABLE
AND LUCRATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE
PHILIPPINES, ARE GOOD SUPPORT
SYSTEMS AND PROPER TECHNICAL
ADVICE.

ULTIMATELY, FARMERS SHOULD

BECOME SELF-RELIANT AND NO
LONGER BE SEEN AS A POOR AND
DISTRESSED LOT.
 Now, lets have a

Coffee Break

Thank You

Good Food, Good Life