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Falconeri L. Ecalne II

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 BASIC THEORIES OF

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Behaviorism

Cognitivism
Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism
Constructivism

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 LEARNING IS…

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Search “a persisting change in human performance or performance

potential . . . (brought) about as a result of the learner’s interaction
Study list with the environment”. (Driscoll, 1994, pp. 8-9)

Topic

Behaviorism “the relatively permanent change in a person’s knowledge or

behavior due to experience”. (Mayer, 1982, p. 1040)
Cognitivism

Constructivism
“an enduring change in behavior, or in the capacity to behave in a
Related Study given fashion, which results from practice or other forms of
experience”. (Shuell, 1986, p. 412)
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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS VIDEO IMPLICATIONS

Cognitivism
Major Theorists
Constructivism • Watson
• Pavlov
Related Study • Skinner
• Canter
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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS VIDEO IMPLICATIONS

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Learning happens through repetition and positive reinforcement
Constructivism
(operant conditioning); outside stimulus and response = learning.
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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS VIDEO IMPLICATIONS

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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS VIDEO IMPLICATIONS

Cognitivism
For teaching – teacher models correct behaviors and provides
Constructivism
extrinsic motivation for engagement.
Related Study For management – set clear boundaries, offer incentives, token
economies, clear consistent consequences.
For Language – language learning occurs through rehearsal,
correction, and reinforcement.
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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS IMPLICATIONS

Cognitivism
Major Theorists
Constructivism • Gestalt
• Piaget
Related Study • Vgotsky
• Bloom
• Gagne
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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS IMPLICATIONS

Cognitivism
Learners process information received and organized it in their
Constructivism mind to form new meanings.

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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS IMPLICATIONS

Cognitivism
For Teaching – teachers promote discovery and rely on students’
Constructivism intrinsic motivation, inquiry-based teaching, cultural contexts and
ZPD must be considered.
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For Management – learning environment should be goal-oriented
and learner-centered based on knowledge of child development.
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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS IMPLICATIONS

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For Language – scaffolding and learner-focused instruction,
Constructivism practice language in natural contexts.

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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS IMPLICATIONS

Cognitivism
Major Theorists
Constructivism • Bandura • Rogers
• Bruner • Maslow
Related Study • Gardner • Dreikur
• Ericson • Dewey
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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS IMPLICATIONS

Cognitivism
All learning is based on connections to prior knowledge, learning
Constructivism is a social process.

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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS IMPLICATIONS

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For Teaching – teachers are facilitators who monitor the learning
Constructivism process closely and make adjustments as needed, multiple
intelligences are considered.
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Behaviorism THEORISTS VIEWS IMPLICATIONS

Cognitivism
For Management – teachers consider stages of development and
Constructivism motivation for behaviors, humans have a hierarchy of needs that
must be met, trusting relationships is the key to positive
Related Study environment for learning.
For Language – language must be developed organically and first
languages are important because all learning is social and cultural.
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Behaviorism

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Constructivism

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