RakhineYinKyaeHmuMyarr 2

&cd k i f , Of a us;rI r sm; (2) 1
toQifpudE(&cdkifjynfe,f)
&cdkif,Ofaus;rSKrsm;
trSwf(2)
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
&cdkif,Ofaus;rSKrsm; trSwf(2)
2 toQifpudE (&cdkifjynfe,f)
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
toQifpudE(&cdkifjynfe,f)
&cdkif,Ofaus;rSKrsm;
trSwf(2)
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf
rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf
215^93(6)
254^93(7)
yHEk ydS jf cif;

tkyfa&
xkwfa0ESpf
a&mif;aps;
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500
1993? Edk0ifbm
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a*g,majrapm0if;
yHEk ydS o
f l
OD;0if;NrdKif
od'dNrdKifyHkESdyfwdkuf(02486)
113? 34vrf;? &efukefNrdKU/
xkwfa0ol
OD;vSausmfpdef
vSausmfpdefpmay (0909)
998(u)? pnfyifvrf;? 25&yfuGuf
'*Hkawmifydkif;? &efukefNrdKU/
jzefYcsda&;
oD[&mZmpmay
73(yxrxyf)? 26vrf;? &efukefNrdKU/
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
'dkYwm0efta&;oHk;yg;
jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;
wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;
tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;
'dkYta&;
'dkYta&;
'dkYta&;
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' ay:aygufa&;onf
jynfaxmifpkom;tm;vHk;\ y"meusaomwm0efjzpfonf/
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
t&SifpudE (&cdkifjynfe,f)
]toQifpudE(&cdkifjynfe,f)}onf &cdkifvlrsdK;&[ef;awmfwpfyg; jzpf

onf/ 1298wGif crnf;awmf OD;atmifxGef;&SD? r,fawmf a':csif;arwdkYrS
arG;zGm;oefYpifcJhonf/ i,frnfrSm ndKZHarmifjzpfNyD; omoemhabmifodkY i,fpOf
uwnf;u 0ifa&mufum tpdk;&"rmp&d,wef; atmifjrifcJhonf/
omoemjyK&if; 1955ckESpfrSp trsdK;bmom? omoemtwGuf
tusdK;jyKpmay,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk &SmazGavhvmokawoejyKvkyfvmcJhonfrSm
,aeYxdatmifjzpfonf/ pmayoufwrf;tm;jzifh 38ESpf? oufawmftm;jzifh
56ESpf &SdNyDjzpfonf/
q&mawmf xif&Sm;aomuavmiftrnfcGJrsm;rSm ewfjrpfndKZHarmifausmf
&SD? ewfjrpfpef;atmif? ewfjrpfrmCponfwdkY jzpfonf/ wjcm;uavmiftrnf
cGJrsm;vnf; rsm;pGm&Sdao;onf/
,cktcg armifawmNrdKU NrdKUOD;ausmif; oDwif;oHk;ausmif;xdkif&if;
&cdik ,
f Ofaus;rIpmayrsm;udk qufvuf&f mS azGavhvm okawoejyKvsu&f o
dS nf/
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
rsufESmzHk;t"dym,f zGifhqdkcsuf
rnfonfhEdkifiH? rnfonfha'owGifrqdk awmawmifa&ajr tESHYwGif
&SdMuonfh a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpfrsm;jzpfaom kyfvHk;? kyfwk? kyf<uif;?
ausmufpm? aypm? NrdKUdk;? wHwdkif;? taqmufttHk? vlYtoHk;taqmif
ponfh a&S;a[mif; tarGtESpfypnf;rsm;onf xdkEdkifiH? xdkvlrsdK;wdkY\
ppfrSefaom ,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpfrsm;udkom xm0pOfxdef;odrf;vsuf
&Sdonfqdkonfudk rnfolrQ rjiif; uG,fEdkifay/ xdkoabmudk&nf
yef;csDum;udk aygif;pyfzefwD; a&;qGJtyfayonf/
a*g,majrapm0if;
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
rmwdum
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pmrsufEmS
xkwaf 0oltrSm
10
&cdkifaw;pHknD zl;yGifh0D0D
14
&cdkifwdkY\ wl&d,mpnfwD;cwfjcif;
22
&cdkiftrsdK;om;wdkY\ wa,mwl&d,m
28
&cdkifjynfe,frS aw;*Dwavhvma&;vdkNyD
33
&cdkifowfyHk ta&;tom;
40
&cdkifomjcif; pyf[efrsm;
46
&cdkifESifh wdkufomjcif;
59
&cdkifa0g[m& trItjcif;rsm;
64
orufwufyGJESifh vufxyfr*Fvm"avhwHxGm
72
&cdkifqDrD;axmifMumoGwftdk;yGJ
86
&cdkifrif;rsm;vufxuf w&m;pD&ifa&;
95
tHhzG,frsm;pGm 'Gg&m0wDoHwGJNrdKU
103
&cdkifZmwd0Ho armfuGef;pm
109
usdef;uRef;wdkif;\ rif;jym;NrdKU
128
armifawmNrdKU udef;0yfawmfrlaom
wyifwdkifeef;OD;bk&m;BuD;
149
ausmufjzLNrdKU uHhaumfawmbk&m;
159
awmifukwfNrdKUe,f vrl;acsmif;ESifh
wnfaMumif;"gwfawmf
165
Ak'0 ifawmxGut
f efjcif;
170
&cdik rf [mjrwfrek &d iS yf if
178
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
xkwaf 0ol\trSmpm
toQifpudE(&ckdifjynfe,f)onf &ckdifvlrsKd;jzpfonf/ &ckdifjynf
e,f ewfjrpfurf;ajrmif 1936 ckESpfu arG;zGm;cJhonf/ ewfjrpf
pef;atmif? ewfjrpfkdZHarmifausmf&SD? ewfjrpfrmCtrnfcH 1955ckESpfrS
tpjyKvsuf pmayavhvmvkdufpm;cJhonf/ ,cktouf 56 ESpf?
pmayoufwrf; 38ESpftwGif; trsKd;om;tzGJUtpnf;? tpkd;&Xmersm;?
yk*vdursm;ukd pmayxkwfa0rIrsm; ulnDvmcJhonf/
&ckdifykH0wKrsm;? &ckdifaw;oHrsm;ukd xkwfa0cJhNyD;jzpf\/ trsKd;om;
pmayqkvnf; cHpm;oGm;cJhNyD;jzpf\/ pmay0efxrf;rsm;? wuokdvfq&m
rsm;vnf; jzpfcJhayNyD;jzpf&m ulnD&usKd;&Sdzl;avNyD/ jynfe,forkdif;
rSwfwrf;? &ckdifa0g[m& tbd"meftxd wufvSrf;cJhNyD; jzpf\/ tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;vnf; em,utjzpf yg0ifvkyfukdifay;cJhzl;ayNyD/
xkdt&Sif\ pmayrsm;ukd jrnf;prf;cJhMuzl;NyD;&mum; txl;ajymp&m
vkdrnfrxifay/ &ckdiftvif;owif;pmwGif 1957 ckESpfuyif &ckdif,Of
aus;rI ipnf(iapG) tuobifaqmif;yg;ukd pwifazmfjycJhzl;\/ xkd
tcgup 1959-60 ESpfvnf &ckdifwef;aqmifr*Zif;? jynfolY*sm
e,f(1958)? &ckdifZmenf*sme,f(1961)? &ckdifjynfe,fpmapmif? &cdkdif
r*Zif;wkdY pOfqufrjywfa&;vmcJh\/
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
a&;om;cJhzl;aom r*Zif;? *sme,f? pmapmifrsm; qdkvQif1/

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&cdkifnGefYzl; aqmif;yg;aygif;csKyf (1968)

&cdkifr*Zif; (1973 ckESpfrSp)
&cdkifjynfe,fpmapmif (1977 ckESpfrS p)
&uyl& Ak'omoemha&mifjcnf (1977)
&uyl& Ak'omoemha&mifjcnf (1978)
'Gg&m0wDr*Zif; (1979)
arC0wDr*Zif; (1979)
ppfawGa'oaumvdyfr*Zif; (1980-81)
ppfawGa'oaumvdyfr*Zif; (1981-82)
ppfawG'D*&Daumvdyfr*Zif; (1985-86)
OD;&mZfajrr*Zif; (1984)
ppfawGa&SUaer*Zif; (1985)
&cdkifo[m,pmapmif (1986)
&rm0wDr*Zif; (1987)
jr0wDr*Zif; (1968ck? atmufwdkbmv)
aiGwm&Dr*Zif; (1968ck? atmufwdkbmv)
oDjcm; vHk;csif;pmtkyfrsm;rSm qdkvQif1/

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&cdkifobm0 aw;uAsmrsm; (1961)

&cdkifvufa&G;pifyHkjyifrsm; (1966)
&cdkifyHkjyifqef;rsm; (1967)
&cdkif,Ofaus;rIrsm; (1) (1969)
ipifdkif;acsmif;uRef;ordkif;ESifh ax&marmfuGef; (1975)
&cdkifjynfcGifyHkjyifrsm; (1990)
jynfwGifrudk#f "mwfOD;&mZfordkif; (1993)
xkdt&Sif\aqmif;yg;rsm;ukd pkpnf; ]]&ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm;}}
(aqmif;yg;aygif;csKyf) trnfjzifh 1969 ckESpfu wkdif;vif;pmaywkdufrS
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
pwifxkwfa0cJhay\/ qufvufxkwfa0&ef tpDtpOfjyKxm;cJh

aomfvnf; taMumif;aMumif;aMumihf MuefYMumcJh&acs\/ ,ck trSwf(2)
tjzpf xkwfa0vm&jcif;jzpf\/
yxrtkyfwGif yef;zGuf/ omjcif;? Zrf;? yef;wsm;pnf? uxdefyGJ?
"avhxkH;pH? pmqkdarmifeSH? NrdKUajrmufOD;? &ckdifrsKd;quf? &ckdif&mZ0if
tusOf;? 0g;ausmif;&mZ0ifvuFm&wkdYukd azmfjycJhay\/
,ckpmtkyfwGif wpfrsKd;wpfzkHxl;jcm;pGm yg0ifay\/ &ckdifa'o
tESHUrS omoemha&;&mrsm;? pmay? *Dw? a0g[m&? ykH0wK? &ckdifa'o
Xmersm;? "avhpOfvmrsm;? armfueG ;f pmrsm;wkYd udk tm;yg;w&wifjyxm;&m
w0wNiD; zwf&rnf? rSwf&rnf? qufvuf avhvm&rnf? pmaytarG
ay;Mu&rnfjzpf wefzkd;te*xkdufvSayrnf/
trSwf(3)wGifqkdvQif &ckdifpmaya&pD;aMumif;? &ckdiftu&m qif;
ouf&m tu&mZ,m;? &ckdifausmufpmrsm;? &ckkdifpmay tGefYtzl;rsm;ukd
wpfpkwpfaygif;wnf; pmyvifwGif wifjyrnfjzpf&m arQmfvifhapmihfpm;
Muapvkd\/
q&mawmfonf 1963 ckESpfuyif &ckdifjynfe,fokdYa&muf avhvm
rIjyK &Sdaeay\/ ,ckqkdvQif armifawmNrdKU ausmif;xkdif ae&Sd\/
1980ckESpfrSp 0g;ausmif;,m,Daqmufvkyf aevmcJh&m tajcus
jzpfaeNyD/ NrdKUOD;ausmif;[l trnfay;&Sd\/ trSwf(3) &yfuGuf (0drv
&yfuGuf)wGif yg0ifay\/ q&mawmf\ tESpfESpftvv pkpnf;&SmazG
avhvmNyD;orQwkdkYqkdvQif ,Ofaus;rI jrwfEkd;ol wkdif;tzkdY tqifoifh
ESpfcsifzG,f cHpm;MukHomwnf;/
pmtkyfukd pDpOfay;aom OD;ynmpm& (&rm0wD)tm; vnf;
aumif;? yef;csD'DZkdifa&;qGJay;ol a*g,majr apm0if;tm; vnf;aumif;
aus;Zl;wifaMumif; rSwfwrf;jyKtyfygownf;/
c&pf 1993ckESpf
xkwfa0olwynfh
&ckdifvSjrifhESifhnDrsm;
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
aqmif;yg;rl&if; tTef;
1/ &cdkifaw;pHknD zl;yGifh0D0D (ewfjrpfpef;atmif? &cdkifZmenf
*sme,f? 1961-{NyD)? 2/ &cdkifwdkY\ wl&d,mpnfwD;cwfjcif; ewfjrpf
pef;atmif? &cdkifZmenf*sme,f? (1961-rwf)? 3/ &cdkiftrsdK;om;wdkY\
wa&mwl&d,m (ewfjrpfpef;atmif? &cdkifwefaqmifr*Zif;? 196061)? 4/ &cdkifjynfrS *Dwavhvma&;vdkNyD ewfjrpfpef;atmif (&cdkif
wefaqmif r*Zif;? 1959-60)? 5/ &cdkifowfyHk ta&;tom;
(toQifpudE &cdkifjynfe,f &cdkifo[m, pmapmif? 1986)? 7/
&cdkifESifh wdkufomjcif; (ewfjrpfpef;atmif? &cdkifjynfe,fpmapmif?
1980)? 8/ &cdki fa 0g[m& trI tjcif ;rsm; (ewf jrpf pef ;atmif ?
&cdkifjynfe,fpmapmif? 1978)? 9/ orufwufyGJESifh
vufxyfr*Fvm"avhwHxGm (ewfjrpf ndZHarmifausmf &SD? &cdkifr*Zif;
1986)? 10/ &cdkifqDrD;axmifMumoGwftdk;yGJ ewfjrpfpef; atmif
(&cdkifr*Zif;? 1976)? 11/ &cdkifrif;rsm;vufxuf w&m;pD&ifa&;
(toQifpudE &cdkifjynfe,f) ppfawGa&SUaer*Zif;? 1984)? 12/
tHzh ,
G f rsm;pGm 'Gg&m0wDow
H NJG rD (rSwpf rk )S ? 13/ &cdik Zf mwd0o
H marmfueG ;f pm
(toQifpudE & cdik jf ynfe,f)? (&cdik w
f efaqmifr*zif;? &cdik
f eG Yf z;l ? 197374)? 14/ usdef;uRef;wdkif;\ rif;jym;NrdKU (OD;pudE? &cdkifr*Zif;?
1335ck [&cdkif] ) 15/ armifawmNrdKU udef;0yfawmfrlaom wyifwdkif
eef;OD;bk&m; (toQifpudE &cdkifjynfe,f)? (&cdkifr*Zif;? 1984)?
16/ ausmufjzLNrdKU uHhaumfawmbk&m;rSwfpkrS)? 17/ awmifukwfNrdKUe,f
vrl;acsmif;ESifhwnfaMumif;"mwfawmf (rSwfpkrS)? 18/ Ak'0ifawmxGuf
tefjcif;rsm;? (toQifpudE ( &cdik jf ynfe,f)(&cdik jf ynfe,fpmapmif-1978)
19/&cdkifr[mrked&Sifyif (ewfjrpfpef;atmif? &cdkifr*Zif;? 1335ck)/
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
&cdkifaw;pHknD - zl;yGifh0D 0 D
rEkaA'ynm&Sifrsm;wdkY\ odyHynmt& okawoe rSwfwrf;
rsm;wGif taygif;tazmfwdkYESifh pnf;vHk;pGm aexdkifusifhMuH vmcJhrIaMumifh
vlrIyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;onf tajccdkifvmonf[k qdkavonf/ xdkrS
wpfqifh vlwpfpk? vlwpfpkrS vlrsdK;wpfpk? vlrsdK;wpfpkrS trsdK;om;wpf
&yf [l jzpfay:vmonf/ onf odyH&SifwdkY\ vlrsdK;pkwpfpkrS trsdK;
om;wpf&yf jzpfay:vmonfh ,lqcsufudk urmhvlrsdK;wdkif; toD;oD;u
axmufcHvsuf&SdayNyD; jzpfonf/
&cdkifjynfe,fonfvnf; &cdkifvlrsdK;rsm; vlrIpkaygif; aqmif&Guf
a&;rS tajccdkifvmNyD; &cdkifvlrsdK;tkyfpkonf ukd,hfrif;udk,fhcsif;tjzpf
udk,fhxD;udk,fheef;jzifh bk&iftqufquf tkyfcsKyfvmcJhavonf/ odkY
wdkif;jynfwpfjynf\ vlrsdK;pkwpf&yfonf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuyif aexdkif
vmcJhMuojzifhvnf; ]&cdkifjynf (e,f) &cdkifvlrsdK;tkyfpk} onf todkuf
t0ef;BuD;pGmjzifh rNydKrysuf? vlrsdK;rwdrfaumbJ wnf&SdaeEdkifcJhjcif;
jzpfayonf/
a&S;&cdkifjynf(e,f)wGif "n0wD? a0omvD? pruf(ac:) ym?
yk&def? Ncdwf? avmif;Muuf? ajrmufOD;tp&Sdonfh acwfrsm; xGef;um;
cJhpOfu &cdkif,Ofaus;rIrsm;uvnf; xGef;um;cJhMuayonf/ xdkokdY
xGe;f um;cJo
h nfh ,Ofaus;rIrsm;wGif obif? aw;*Dw? tu wdYk onfvnf;
yg0ifcJhMuayonf/
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
&cdkifjynfe,fwGif &cdkifvlrsdK;wdkY\ ,Ofaus;rI *Dwrsm;udk ynm

&Sdrsm;\ avhvm&&SdoavmufqdkvQif dk;&moDcsif; trsdK;tpm; (Classical Song) ESifh aus;vuf t&yfom;"avh obm0aw;oDcsif; (folk
song) [l trsdK;tpm;tm;jzifh tMurf;zsif; ESpfu@ cGJjcm;vsuf&Sdonf/
a&S;dk;&moDcsif; trsdK;tpm;rsm;rSmqdkvQif {csif;? omcsif;? ompGav?
bGJU? &Tef;vdkuf (oQdK;vdkuf) &wktrsdK;rsdK;? vuFmtrsdK;rsdK;? [efpGav?
avSawmfoH ponfwdkY jzpfMuonf/ t&yfom; aus;vufobm0 oDcsif;
rsm;rSmqdkvQif oHcsyfBuD;? 'Hk;csif;? oDcsif;wdkuav;rsm; ponftm;jzifh
cGJjcm;&Sdonf/ odkYaomf tjcm;tjcm;aom dk;&moDcsif;rsm;ESifh omcsif;
qef;uav;rsm;vnf; tajrmuftjrm;yif &Sdavonf/
odYk vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;\ bmombm0? ,Ofaus;rItvdu
k f wd;k wuf
opfxeG ;f vmcJ&h onfrsm;rSm ,Ofaus;rItEkynm&yfrsm;\ us,fjyefYaom
taMumif;tcsufrsm;onf tusHK;0ifae\/ ,Ofaus;rIe,fajr us,fjyefY
vmonfESifhtrQ wdkif;jynfESifhvlrsdK;wdkY\ bmomtEkynm&yfrsm;onf
vnf; wdk;wufvmcJh&jrJyif jzpfonf/ ]a&jrifh Mumwifh} qdkouJhodkY vlrsdK;
wdkY\ ,Ofaus;rI wdk;wufvmyHkrSm wDxGifqef;opfrI? obm0 qufoG,f
ul;vl;zvS,f qifhyGm;rI? twk,l qufcHrIwdkYonf taMumif;ruif;cJhacs/
taMumif;tcsuf tusdK;Oyum&onf jzpfvm&ay\/
odkY wDxGifqef;opf twk,l jznfhpGufyGm;rIwdkYaMumifh acwf
tqufquf *Dwe,fy,fESifh/ xdkESifhwpfqufwnf; obifynm dk;&m
tu topftqef;axGvm? qwufxrf;ydk; wdk;wufvmcJh&onfrSm &cdkif
vlrsdK;wdkY\ &mZ0ifaemufaMumif;cH ]MuHUcdkifrI} aMumifhvnf; jzpfcJh&\/
aw;*Dwrsm;wGif ,cka&;om;wifjyvdak om t&yfom; obm
0aw;oDcsif; odkYr[kwf aus;vufoDcsif;rsm;onf ,ckwdkif a,musfm;rdef;ruav;oli,fr<uif; oDqdkaeuswdkif; &Sdao;onf/ &cdkifwdkY\
rdk;Edkifaom aw;uAsmrsm; jzpfcJhMu\/
obm0aw;uAsm;rsm;onf aus;vufawm&Gmrsm;rSp tajccH
um ay:aygufvmcJh&jcif; jzpfayonf/ rSef\/ xdkaus;vuf awm&Gmae
&cdkiftrsdK;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\a'o tajctae? obm0xHk;pHwHxGm?
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
pm;0wfaerI? vkyfudkifqufoG,f aygif;oif;rI? ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIwdkYudk

tajcjyK oDqdkcJhMujcif;taMumif; xl;jcm;pGm yGifhvef;cJh&jcif; jzpfonf
rSm xif&Sm;avonf/
xdkESifh wpfqufwnf;yif obm0aw;uAsmrsm;rS tajccH
yifrdk;&m*Dw\ taqmufttHkudk OD;aqmifay;Edkifonfqdku rSm;rnf
r[kwaf y/ acwftqufquf &cdik t
f rsdK;om; tEkynm&Sirf sm; jzpfMuukef
aom ynm&Sdrsm;? pmqdkrsm;wdkYonf &cdkifvlrsdK;wdkY\ a'o"avh? t&yf
om;"avh? e,fy,f"avh? vlaerI"avh? 0wfpm;qif,ifrI ponfh "avh
rsm;\ tkwfjrpftay: ]rl} tajccHNyD; obm0a&mifpHk jc,fuGefYvsuf
xHkrTrf;ay;um trsdK;om;[efjzifh okyfaqmifxm;onfrS aw;*Dw tEk
txGwf? tGefYtvl yGifhzl;BudKifoif; ay:aygufcJh&jcif;vnf; xif&Sm;NyD
jzpfonf/
aqmif;yg; &cdik af w;*DwZmpfjrpf&if;udk qef;ppfavhvm wifjy
ae&ef rjzpfEdkifay/
jrefrmpmaye,fxJ 0ifqHhvsuf xifay:cJhMuonfh O*gysH? eef;
wGi;f rdnKd ponfh &cdik pf mqdak wmfrsm;rSm ,Ofaus;rIe,fukd csJUxGiaf y;jcif;?
us,fjyefYapjcif;? ,Ofaus;rIqufoG,fjcif;? ul;vl;apjcif;? cspfMunfa&;
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azmfjyygpyfenf;rsm;udk aygif;vQif (8)enf; (9)enf;xd &Edkifaom
aMumifh xdk&edkifaom enf;vrf;twdkif; twk,l pyfqdkEdkifaMumif;
,HkrSm;r&Sd rSwfom;tyfygayonf/
odvG,fEdkifaom yxr yg'av;vHk;ESifh 'kwd,yg' av;vHk;pyfEdkif
yHkjy (u) yHkpHI &cdkifomjcif;pyfenf; xl;jcm;csuf
&cdkifomjcif;pyfenf;onfvnf; azmfjygyf av;vHk;wpfyg'pD um&ef
,lpyfenf;ESifh ESD;EG,fvsuf&Sdonfum; rSef\/ xdkYaMumifh azmfjycJhNyD;aom
pyfenf; 8-9 rsdK;pHv
k ;kH udyk if pyfqMkd uonfukd awGU&SEd ikd \
f / xdw
k iG f oH;k yg'
um&efwpfpHkpD,lenf; ESpfrsdK;udkvnf; vufrvTwfwrf; pyfqdkcJhMu&m
awGU&onfudk Oyrmtjzpf wifjyaytHh/
oHk;yg' um&efwpfpHkpD,l pyf[efrsm; (c) yHkpHkI(4-3-2) pyfenf; ?
(1) *PSmZm ]vD}? nr ]'D} ESifh? om ]uD} r[m (a0E&momjcif;)
(2) ynmxGef; ]ajymif}? armifom ]atmif} av? MuH ]aqmif} Hk;pk
("rdu omjcif;)
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
txl ; r ]jrif } ? w&yf ]cG i f } u? w ]yif } o&uf

(vGrf;rajyomjcif;)?
(4-3-1)pyfenf;
bufray: ]Edkif} ? pMum ]ydkif} ? ]NydKif} olHI;vdkY
(O'dEomjcif;)
a0oefr ]'D}? aqGom ]uD}wdkU? ]csD} um vSrf;au
(a0E&momjcif;)
'Gg&0 ]wD}? wdkif;Xm ]eD} odkY? ]csD} vmMu
(uea'0Domjcif;)
xl;jcm;aom Mum;nyfum&ef,lenf;
,if;odkYpyfenf;rsm;tjyif toHcs&yf &Edkifovdk pyfqdkxm;jcif;rsdK;
wdkYvnf; &Sdayao;\/ xdkodkYpyfqdk&m um&ef,lyHkxl;jcm;csuf &Sdav
onf/ (1) oHk;yg'wpfpHk? (2) av;yg'wpfpHk? (3) ig;yg'wpfpHk xdvnf;
pyfqdkcJhMuonf/ xdkodkY pyfqdkcsufrSm &GwfqdkrI\ toHwefY&yfjzwfem;&m
udkvdkuf pyfqdkjcif;yif jzpf\/ ,if;pyfenf;oHk;rsdK;\ pyf[ef? um&ef
oG,faeyHkenf;udk wpfckpDazmfjy&rnfomwnf;/ ,ck jyvwHaom oHk;
enf;pHkvHk;onf tcHum&efaemuf tv,f Mum;nyfyg'ydkrsm; yg&Sd\/
tcHESifhttkyfMum;wGif csdefcGifvQmuJhodkY jzpfae\/ csdefcGifvQm wpfck?
ESpfck? oHk;ckxd ygaeonf[k qdkEdkif\/ if;jyif cGmwpfaxmuf? ESpfaxmuf?
oHk;axmufxd vnf;aumif; &Sdae\/ jyefum[yfvsuf vnf;aumif;?
Z&ufckef[ef vnf;aumif;? jcaoFhvnfjyef vnf;aumif; pyfqdkjcif;
vnf; jzpfay\/
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
BudKufovdk trnfay;Mu&ef
xdkYaMumifh rnfodkYtrnfay;Mu&tHhenf;/ wpfcGifvQm? ESpfcGifvQm?
oHk;cGifvQm [l ay;Murnfavm/ (odkYr[kwf) arsmhwpfudkuf ponfjzifh
vnf;aumif; ay;MutHhavmh/ (odkYr[kwf) cGmwpfaxmuf ponfjzifh
vnf;aumif;? wpfjyefauGUum[yf ponfjzifh vnf;aumif;? orifvnf
wpfqpfauGU ponfjzifhvnf;aumif; ay;&tHhaom? BudKufovdkay;Edkif
Muayonf/ rdrdtaejzifh avhvmawGUjrifrdaom pyfenf;rsm;t&qdkvQif
&cdkiftzGJUtEGJUwdkYwGif vQdK;vdkuf (oQdK;vdkuf) &wk zGJUyHkzGJUenf;jzpfaMumif;
]odef;uefrdefwGif} csD&wkudk oufaojyKvdkuf&ay\/
xl;jcm;aom &cdkifomjcif;pyfenf;oHk;rsdK;
pyfenf; (1)
tv,fwpfydk'fnyfaom oHk;yg'wpfpHkvnfjyefpyfenf;/
(1)
&Gufa[mif;nm<uD (&Gufopf ]Ek} vkdY) GefY ]zl;} 0Dau
("r0dZ,omjcif;)
(2)
oDwmwdk; (uRwfuRwf ]ql} au) ,uf ]jzL} rdk;vdkY
(owxmeomjcif;)
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
(3)
(4)
(5)
vTJiifBudwfBudwf (nOf h A ][d k } rS m ) om; ]ud k } odyfvdkY

(*kwdvomjcif;)
qeftdwfudkxk
xw
k f (bd k ; ol ]awmf } av) ck ]cg} vkyfvdkY
(vTrf;rajyomjcif;)
armifawmfbk&m; (ES r ]ysd K } ud k ) ]vd k } ygavmwnf;
(vGrf;rajyomjcif;)
pyfenf; yxr tcHydk'fum&efudk wwd, ttkyfydk'fu

zrf;tkyf pyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf tv,f&Sdaom Mum;nyfydk'f
udkvnf; ttkyfydk'fum&efESifh pyfxm;ao;ayonf/
pyfenf;rSm tcHum&ef aemuftv,f tydkyg' (wpfydk'f) wpfck
oGif;nyfpyfxm;ojzifh csdefcGifvQm? cGmaxmufum&efrsdK;uJhodkY ,lxm;
jcif;[k qdkEdkifonf/ rlv um&efudk toHwpfyk'f (wpfyg') ausmfvGefNyD;
rS jyefxyfaom jyefum[yfenf;? jcaoFhvnfjyef um&efpyfenf;[k
qdkuvnf; qdkEdkifonf/ oQdK;vdkuf&wk pyfenf; um&ef,lyHkvnf;
jzpfonf/
pyfenf;udk tcHttkyfnD? tv,fwpfydk'fvGwf? oHk;yg'pyfenf;
[k rSwfom;Edkifyg\/
pyfenf; (2)
tv,fESpfydk'fnyfaom av;yg'wpfpHkvnfjyef pyfenf;
(1) vTJiifBudwfBudwf (ridkap ]vdk}? omjcif; ]qdk} au) om;
]udk} odyfvdkY (y|mpm&D)
(2) aevwEHI; (bufray: ]Edkif}? pMum ]ydkif} ) ]NydKif} ol
HI;vdkU (O'dE)
(3) trSefigqdkuf (wMuifMuifav? EIwfwif ]quf} au) c]ruf}
jzpfvdkY (vGrf;rajy)
(4) pdaEkyfyGm; ("mwfo&Dudk? apwD ]owf} au) ]jrwf} udk,fpm;
(vGrf;rajy)
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
(5) 'dawZm (a&mifajcmufoG,fav? pG,fum ]NzdK;} au)vnf;

]dk;} awmf\ (vGrf;rajy)
pyfenf; tcHyxrydk'f um&efudk pwkwajrmuf ttkyftydk'f
um&efjzifh zrf;tkyfxm;onf/ Mum;wGif ESpfydk'fnyfvGwfae&m if;wdkY
tcsif;csif; um&efpavonf/ xdYk jyif 'kw,
d Mum;nyyf 'kd u
f ttkyu
f m&ef
odkYwdkifatmif um&efpyfjyefavao;onf/ xdkYaMumifh tv,fESpfydk'fnyf
um&efpyf? tcHttkyfnD? av;yg'wpfpHkpDpyfenf;[k trSwfjyKvG,fEdkif
avonf/
pyfenf; (3)
tv,foHk;ydk'fnyfaom ig;yg'wpfpHkvnfjyefpyfenf;
yif&if;yifatmuf
atmuf (a0efr'd? aqGomuDwdkY? csDum ]vSrf;}
au) ]vrf ; } wavQmufwGif (a0E&momjcif;)
uyf (okwbd"rm? 0de,m[k? oHk;jzm ][d} onf)
(2) rSDum0guy
yDwuwfESifh (r,m;vkomjcif;)
(3) wdwfygighom;
om; (cJ0gjrnfoH? wnHnHudk? oufESH ]em;} rSm)
r ]Mum;} vm;av (*kwdvomjcif;)
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]&} onf ) avm ]u} ewfav (r,m;vkomjcif;)
(5) awmifnmpHoD; (y'krPD? pHktnDav? *kPfodrfjzifhau)
rif;orD;udk (r,m;vkomjcif;)
pyfenf;rSm ig;yg'wpfpHkpD,l pyfavonf/ tcHttkyf tv,f
wGif Mum;nyf oHk;ydk'fyg0ifonf/ tcHum&efudk um&efttkyfum&efu
zrf;xm;NyD; Mum;nyfwwd,ydk'fum&efESifh ttkyfyrydk'fum&efwdkYvnf;
um&efxyfvsufaeonf/
,if;ESifh tcHttkyfnD? Mum;nyfum&efxyf rvGwfaom tpyf
vnf; jzpfavonf/ tv,foHk;ydk'fum&efpyf tcHttkyfnDaomig;yg'
wpfpHkpDpyfenf;[k todtrSwfjyKvGwfEdkifay\/
(1)
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
wpfpHkpDpyf qufrjywfu
odkY wpfpHkpDpyf xdktpHkwdkY\ ttkyfum&efjzifh aemuftydk'f
twdkif; if;enf;tpHkpHk (ESpfyg'pHk? oHk;yg'pHk? av;yg'pHk? ig;yg'pHk)
wGJum oDum qufvuf pyfqdkoGm;ygu omjcif; wpfyk'f (odkYr[kwf)
vdkaom taMumif;t&mwpfck tjynfhtpHk (odkYr[kwf) omjcif;wpftkyfxd
jzpfvm EdkifavNyD/ oDwHwGif yef;yGifhwpfyGifhpDwpfyGifhpD oDwef;avojzifh
yef; wpfow
D pfu;kH jzpfvmouJo
h Ykd wnf;/ pmvH;k wpfv;kH rS wpfy'kd jf zpfvm
NyD;aemuf wpfydk'frSwpfyk'f jzpfvm&m\/ tyk'faygif;rsm;acsu wpftkyf
wpfqHk; a&mufrnfomwnf;/
um&efvGwfpyfonfrsm;udk awGU&
azmfjyyg xl;jcm;aom (1)(2)(3) pyfenf;rSm &cdkifomjcif;pyf
yifudk rl[efvnf; jzpfonf/ &cdkifrlydkifwDxGifqef;opfcsufqdkuvnf;
rrSm;acs/
Mum;nyf wpfydk'f? ESpfydk'f? oHk;ydk'fxnfhoHk; pyfqdkjcif;? xdkMum;nyf
ydk'fwdkif;vnf; um&efqufpyfjcif;? oHk;yg'wpfpHk? av;yg'wpfpHk? ig;yg'
wpfpHkpyfenf;jzifh pyfenf;xl;vm;jcif;? yxrtcHydk'f um&efonf
Mum;nyfydk'fESifh um&efvGwfaomfvnf; ttkyfydk'fESifh pyfrdjcif;jzifh
tyd k ' f wd k i f ; um&ef r vG w f E d k i f a om pyf e nf ; &S d j cif ; wd k Y ud k
avhvmod&SdEdkifonf/
xdkokdYpyfqdkcsufrsm;wGif rvTJra&Smifaomf wNyD;qdku Mum;nyfydk'f
rS um&efwpfvHk;vHk;onf ttkyfydk'frS yxr? 'kwd, um&ef wpfvHk;vHk;
ESifh rqufpyfbJ vGwfwwfavonf/ odkY vGwfjcif;rSm &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;
vGwjf cif;rsdK;om jzpfonf/ rvTrJ a&Smifomaom vGwjf cif;rsdK;om jzpf&acs
onf/
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
Oyrm - omjcif;yd'k rf sm;uJo

h Ykd aom um&efvw
G rf sdK; jzpf onf1/
awmfoHvnf;usL; (0ga,mrnfav) awmifvDjzL;vdkY
("r0dZ,)
2/
Muifola, ra&muf (ESrjzLav) Id;ydefajcmuf
ajcmufa u? wpf
a,mufwnf;av (&moDzGJUomjcif;)
3/
tylrrQ (ighonf;tlrSm) MuHKjyef&vdkY (aumfumEk)
4/
bkef;uHBuD;jim; (armifvkvifau) &Sifrif;om;vnf; (ue
a'0D)
5/
aysmfp&mwpfaMumif; (ardkUrSmav) azmftaygif;ESifh (ompG
avomjcif;)
twk,l pyfqdkEdkifMurnf
,ckazmfjyNyD;aom &cdkifomjcif;pyfenf;rsdK;1/ av;vHk;ESpfyg'wpfpHkpyfenf; 6 rsdK;
2/ oHk;csufnDpyfenf; 2 rsdK;
3/ tv,fwpfydk'fnyfpyfenf;
4/ tv,fESpfydk'fnyfpyfenf;
5/ tv,foHk;ydk'fnyfpyfenf; ... tm;jzifh vnfjyefpyfenf;
3rsdK; aygif;aomf pyfenf; (11)enf; &Edkifonf/
rvTJra&Smifom um&efvGwfpyfenf;qdkygvQif xdkYxufydkvGefaom
pyfenf;rsm; &EdkifaMumif;? xdkpyfenf;rsdK; &SdaMumif;? xdkodkYpyfenf;wdkYjzifh
pyfqdkaMumif; avhvmEdkif&monf/ xdkpyfenf;rsdK;twdkif; twk,lpyfqdk
EdkifMu&monf/
&cdkifaESmif;acwf &cdkifomjcif;pmqdkrsm;
&cdkifaESmif;acwf &cdkifomjcif;pmqdkrsm;onf wjznf;jznf; qkwf
,kwfvmcJh&avNyD/ avmurm&fatmif q&mawmf? ajrmufOD;'dk;a0?
q&marmifomatmif? armifa,mufu,f? atmifxGef;vS? wef;cdk;
q&mxGef;? qm;jyif;ausmfaZmOD;? omcsrf;OD;tbdk; (icRef;a,)? OD;
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
atmifxGef;? ausmufuav itkyfq&mawmf OD;auo& (ausmfjzL

NrdKUe,f)? ausmuf qdyfq&mawmf OD;y@dw (aygufawmNrdKUe,f)?
&Gmacsmif;BuD;&Gm aq;q&mBuD; xGef;atmifausmf? q&mOD;ykn (&Drsuf
acsmif;)? q&momEdkYcdkif/ q&myef;vS rQavmufom pm&if;aumuf,l
avhvmawGU&Sd&awmh\/
q&myef;vSrSm udk,fwdkifomjcif;a&;pyf udk,fwdkifvnf; oDqdk
toufarG;cJhol jzpfonfqdk\/ q&mESifhwGJ trsdK;orD;omjcif; wwf
(tqdkawmfrsm;) rsm;vnf; oDqdkcJhMuao;\/ q&myef;vS\ oifMum;
ay;rI? ajrawmifajrmufrIaMumifh &rm0wDrSomjcif;wwfrac: &cdkifpm
qdrk rsm; xGuaf y:cJ&h m &cdik jf ynfajrmufyikd ;f xd vSnv
hf nfoq
D ckd MhJ uay\/
omjcif;oDqdkrI tpOftvmudk qufcHEdkif&ef ,ckvdktyfaeao;\/
omjcif;nHnH *kPf&nfvQH
]touf a rG ; &ef ? Pf j zif h M uH a u? toH E S i f h & if ; ?
trsm;wum? em;aomwmrSm? emaysmnif;atmif? omjcif;
udkoif? q&moQifrSm? pHkvifjynfh0? oifjyavjyef? prusefudk?
twef & u? "eaMu;aiG ? &csif a y? jynf u d k v S n f h y wf ?
SdK;rokefau? *kPfowif;ESifh? omjcif; wwf[k? &yftjzmjzm?
t&Gm&GmrSm? aysmfygwHkvsuf}
]toufarG;&ef? PfEiS &hf if;vdYk ? omjcif;udo
k if? jynfciG f
vSnfhywf? oljrwfwdkYxH? toHk;cHau? tuRefar rSm? twefMum
vdkY}
(wefcdk; q&mxGef;)
a&S;u omjcif;udkoif,l vSnfhvnfum omjcif;oDqdkjcif;jzifh
toufarG;rIjyKcJhMuaMumif;udk omjcif;pmqdku rSwfwrf;wifcJhMuonf/
a,musfm;rde;f r omjcif;twwfonfrsm;? omjcif;qd
k toufarG;cJo
h nf
rsm;udk axmufq oufarG;rIynmwpf&yfjzpf&um; oif,lwwfuRrf;
oifhvSayonf/ &cdkif"avh ,Ofaus;rIomjcif;zGJUrsdK;jzifh &cdkiftaMumif;
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
t&mrsm;udk omjcif;uAsmzGJUpyfqdkEdkifvsuf omjcif;pmqdkrsm; jzpfEdkifMu

ayonf/ &cdkifaESmif;acwf omjcif;pmqdkawmfrsm;\ ajc&maemufudk
ta&GU? 0wKZmwfvrf;rsm;xd zGJUqdkEdkifaom &cdkifomjcif;pmqdkrsm;
ay:xGef;Edkifygap[k a&SUIqEjyKvdkuf&ayownf;/
(1-3-85)
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
&cdki fE Sifh wdkufomjcif;

wdkufomjcif;rSm uGJcef;? vGrf;cef; Zmwfvrf;ZmwfuGufwdkYudk
a&;zGJU jcif;rsdK; r[kwf/ xdkuJhodkYvnf; ryg/ usrf;vmom"u? xHk;yHkw0?
Z0e Pfcsif;NydKifMu&onfom jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh wefcdk;q&mxGef;u
]wdkuf omjcif; aMumfjimacgif;pD;wGif} ,cktcg? jyKuAsmu? tuGmtuJ?
taqG; tuRrf;? aw;tqef;ESifh? tvGrf;ryg? usrf;tvmjzifh?
tjzmjzmed &nf tcJ t cuf ? teuf t enf ; ? tar;tajz?
taxG a xG w d k Y ud k cG J a 0aocsm? xG e f ; q&mvQif ? qef ; Mu,f p G m
wefqmqifvsuf pD&ifum jyvdkufaom ]wdkufomjcif;} [k qdkonf/
omjcif ; ES i f h w d k u f q d k i f c J h M uouJ h o d k Y pum;ppf xd k ; H I ; Ed k i f y H k u d k
0pe,k ' v uF m [l vuF m jzif h v nf ; a&;pyf c suf a wG U & onf /
wdkufomjcif;onf omjcif;tzGJUESifh qufoG,faeaom pmay
rdwfqufwpfckyif jzpfonf/ q&mxGef;u wdkufomjcif;taMumif;
oabmw&m;udk odkYvQif azmfxkwfjycJhonf/
]wdkufomjcif;} qdkonf wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf twdkuftcdkuf?
t&pftapmif;? taumif;tqdk; aygif;ESpfrsdK;wdkYwGif tusdK;tjypf xdkuf
onfhtm;avsmfpGm jrifajrmfcsifhaxmuf? wpfa,mufar;? wpfa,mufajz?
taotcsm usrf;*efvmpum;jzifh rrSm;r,Gif;&atmif ajymqdkMuaom
omjcif;uAsmtwwf jzpfonf/
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
xdktwwfonf ,ck wdrfaumaysmufuG,f aemufomaemufvm;

vlwumwdkY uAsmtwwfudk tzwft&Gwf? tqdktajym xdkpum;wdkYudk
em;rSrvnf? wdrfaumvG,frnfudk &nf&G,fjcif;jzpf uREkfyfq&mxGef;u
cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmPfynmtavsmuf wpfa,mufar;? wpfa,mufajz
taotcsm a&S;a&S;q&mwdkY\ enf;emrsm;ESifh a&m>yef;vsuf pD&ifa&;
om;aom ]wdkufomjcif;} udk ]atmifAv (ac:) wdkufomjcif;} [k
trnf ay; pmtkyftjzpf xkwfa0wifjycJhonf/
xdkpmtkyfxkwfa0&ef ppfawGNrdKU? yoQDu&mcsdyf&yf? jynfBuD;r@dKif
pmyHkESdyfwdkufydkif&Sif q&mOD;armifabmfu EId;aqmfwdkufwGef;jcif;udk t&if;
rlvjyK (,cif tm&uef yHkESdyfwdkuf) jynfBuD;r@dKif owif;pm
xkwfa0 cJhaom yHkESdyfwdkufvnf; jzpfonf/ ppfawGNrdKU? yoQDu&mcsdyfrS
dkufESdyf xkwfa0cJhonf/
&cdkifpmqdkawmf &Gmacsmif;BuD; q&mOD;atmifxGef;uvnf; &cdkifom
jcif;qdk"avhudk wdkufomjcif; wdkufqdkifqdkavh&Sdonfhtjzpf? omjcif;qHk;
vQif Mum;jzwf taxmufwwfu &,fp&mtjzpf taxmufpmqdk
axmufavh&Sdonfqdk\/
omjcif;qdk"avh
]]onfuAsm? omjcif;pmwkdY? a&SUcgydkifydkif? ysHUESHYvIdif? &cdkif
aypm? rsdKtmomjzifh? pOfvm rjywf? jrifjrifolwdkY? t,lvIdif;Asm?
vlwikd ;f wwfvYkd? trSwpf v
JG su?f EIwu
f suv
f nf;&? omjcif;qdak u?
apmif;udkwD; Asm? yGJBuD;vsvsuf? tustwif? obifaysmfrI?
a&SUcgwGif0,f? &Gmjrifwdkif;rSm? vlwdkif;pkvdkY? qdkrIrjywf? omjcif;
oHwdkY? qHk;jyefajrmufau? taxmufwwfu? Mum;jzwf NyD;cg?
&,fp&mjzifh? xumaxmufjim;? em;axmifolav? vltrsm;rSm?
[m;[m; vnf;&,f? aysmfaumif;bG,fvQif? jynfe,ftvdkuf?
tcgtcgav? &Gmv,fwGif;rSm? omjcif;wdkufvdkY? a&SUtcg?
wdkYbmomjzifh? &Sdygvsufom;? ,ckrlav? t,ljyif;vdkY? a&SUrsm;
pOfvm? omjcif;pmwdkY? uG,fygawmhrnf? odkYjzpf onfaMumif;?
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
(v)? xdkYxHk;pHudk? jyefumaumufvdkY? raysmufapcsif &Sdawmh

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wdkYuvnf; ukvm;wefjrpf vuf0Jvuf,m acsmif;i,fwdkYudk 0if
vky fp m; avaomaMumif h acsmif ;trnf aysmuf acsmif ;om;[k
ac:avukef\/ ukvm;wefjrpfrkd;wGif vkyfpm;avaomaMumifh
rdk;om;[k ac:ukef\/ tcsdKUaomolwdkYu ukvm;wefjrpf0 &*dkifwdkYudk
ckwfxGifvkyfpm;av aomaMumifh &*dkifom;[k ac:wGifavonf/
umvMumjrifhvwfonf &Sdaomf &*dkifom; trnfaysmuf &cdkifom;[k
trnfwGifavonf/ if; rSwpfzef umv&Snfjrifhvwfonf&Sdaomf
rdrdwdkYae&mt&yfudk tpGJjyK uRef;trnf? &Gmtrnf? vltrnf ponf
wGifavukef\/
plVpÈmrif;onf vufHk;&nfESifhjynfhpHkaomaMumifh taemufrZdr
a'o t&yfudk tpdk;&awmfrlaom plv'gef (plvwef)rif;udk ppfxdk;rnf
[k Adkvfajctrsm; jcH&Hvsuf csDxGufoGm;pOftcg trpHjzpfaom rSL;rwf
wdkYu taMumif;tusdK; avmu"rESpf&yfudk azmfjyavQmufxm;MuvQif
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
if;rif;{u&mZfvnf; ppfrxdk;aumif;[kae&if; a&TjynfawmfodkY jyefvm

cJhaomaMumifh ppfrxdk;aumif;[k jyefvmaomt&yfudk ,ckxufwdkif
ppfwaumif;NrdKU[k wGif\/
xdkrif;onf a0omvD ausmufavSum;NrdKUawmfrS waumif;oif;
awG;NrdKUodkY Adkvfajctrsm;jcH&Hvsuf a&aMumif;jzifh {&m0wDjrpfudk qef
wufvm&m 'Gg&m0wDrif;? oxHkrif;? jynfrif;? ukef;abmifrif; paom
rif;wdkYonf orD;unm vufaqmifyPmrsm;ESifh tzl;tajrmfcHawmfrlNyD;
rS a0omvDausmufavSum;NrdKUodkY jyefvm&m yifv,fwGif e*g;jrKyf
AdkvfajcESifhwuG ysufpD;aoukefaomaMumifh if;ae&mudk ,ckwdkif e*g;
&mZf[k wGifukef\/
plVpÈrif; aovGefvQif trsdK;tjcm; wpfOD;jzpfaom tjrwlonf
ckepfESpfwdkifatmif qufcHNyD;rS if;rif;pnf;pdrfudk yJjzLrif; qufcH
ajrmufOD;NrdKUudk if;rif; a&S;OD;pGm wnfpjyKav\/ xdkyJjzLrif; xD;eef;udk
qufco
H nft
h wGi;f q,fch ek pf (17)ESpw
f iG f csif;vlrsdK; vma&mufwu
kd cf u
kd f
zsufqD;aomaMumifh yJjzLrif;ESifh rdzk&m;yg ajrmufOD;NrdKUrS oydwfawmif
t&yfodkY wdrf;a&Smif xGufajy;NyD;vQif NrdKUwnfaxmif aeMuukef\/
yJjzLrif;aemuf plVpNEmrif;\om; irif;? iwkef wdkYonf ajrmufOD;
NrdKUudk a&Teef; a&TtdrfESifhwuG odrf;,lNyD;vQif pdk;pHawmfrlukef\xdkrif;
ewf&GmpHvQif if;om;wdkY qufcH pdk;pHavukef\/ xdkrif;om;wdkYonf
a&S;a&S;aom rif;wdkY\ usifhxHk;usifh0wf w&m;rsm;ESifh avsmfatmif
jyKusifh awmfrl jynfBuD;\pnf;pdrfudk cHxdkufawmfrlaomaMumifh
rif;tjzpfudk pHawmfrlavonf/ if;om; rif;&JjzL? if;om; em*ol&d,?
if;om; ol&d,&mZm? if;om; ykPu? if;om; rif;jzLBuD;onf
xD;eef;udk pdk;pOf tcg pnfobifBuD;jzpfol ykefpm;awmfvSef xD;eef;udk
odrf;,l&m if; pnfobifBuD;udk trwfr[mem* xD;eef;pnf;pdrfrS
csNyD;vQif rif;jzL BuD;om; rif;eHoludk a&Teef;a&Ttdrf jynfpnf;pdrfESifhwuG
ay;tyfavukef \/
xdkrif;onfvnf; a&S;a&S;aom rif;wdkYuJhodkY wdkif;om;jynfolwdkY
at;csrf;avatmif w&m;awmfwdkYESifh avsmfpGm wdkif;jynfcefYcGJpD&ifawmf
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
rl jynfBuD;\pnf;pdrfudk cHpm; pHpm;awmfrlukef\/ rif;eHol vGefvQif

if;om; rif;vmawmf? if;om; rif;ukvm;? if;om; rif;bDvl;?
rif;bD vl;udk trwfykef;pm;u a&Teef;a&Ttdrfrsm;udk odrf;,l&m if;rif;
vufxufwGif pr0ufNrdKU wpfq,fhESpf (12)ESpfquf tqHk;wnf;/
trwftmcH, vGefvQif if;om; rif;oH? rif;om; rif;ywd?
rif;ywd rif;vufxuf rif;bD;vl;ajr vusfmrif;eef; eef;qufcH pdk;pH
NyD;vQif avmif;MuufNrdKUudk wnfaxmifjyef\/ wnfaxmif rsm;rMumrD
ewf&Gm pHav\/ xdkrif; ewf&GmpHNyD;vQif if;om; oD[wd? if;om;
&mZmBuD;? if;om; ousfm0ifBuD;? if;om; ousfm0ifi,f? if;om;
aumvd,? if;om; 'o&mZm? if;om; teHoD&d? if;om; rif;bkef;Zm?
if;om; yumvpuf? if;om; uwkayg ("ekayg)? uwkaygonf
xD; eef;pnf;pdrfudk odrf;ydkufNyD; rif;jyK pdk;pHaepOf trwfjzpfaom
pvif;Adkvf ykefpm;NyD;aemuf eef;arGcHjzpfaom rLoif qufcHpdk;pH
jyef\/ xdkrif;onf awmifilNrdKUudk wnfaxmifNyD;rS ewf&GmpHav\/
if;om; rif;&efref? if;om; iyk*ef? if;om; i&udKuf? if;om;
iBuHK? if;om; iql? if;om; a&Toif? if;nD rif;acgifBuD;? if;nD
rif;acgifi,f? if;om; urmavmifBuD;? if;om; urmavmifi,f?
urmavmifi,fukd trwf aZ,sb'& ykepf m;NyD;vQif if;om; vuf&i,f?
if;om; oeyifjzL? if;om; ed,dodrf;? if;om; ievHk(eESvHk)?
if;om; tavmrjzL? if;rif;vufxuf ajcmuf&mwpfq,fhESpf (612)
ckESpfwGif NrdKUa[mif;NrdKUrS avmif;MuufNrdKUodkY a&TUajymif;NyD;vQif
eef;pHawmfrl\/
xdkrif;BuD;pdk;pOf tcg0,f jrefrmjynfu p tHkaygif;? rdk;aumif;?
rdk;enf;? rdk;0rf;? csif;? rGefrif; wdkYonf orD;&wem paom tcGeftwkwf
qufoGif;odrf;,lNyD;vQif if;om; &mZmolBuD;? if;om; rif;apmvHk?
if;om; OZeBuD;? if;om; apmrGefBuD;? if;om; eef;usBuD;? if;om;
rif;bduK (rif;bDvl;) ? if;rif;udk trwfpnfobifBuD; ykefpm;NyD;vQif
xD;eef;pnf;pdrfrsm;udk odrf;,l eef;wufav\/ xdktrwfBuD;udk
jynfol jynfom;rsm;wdkYonf eef;rScsNyD;vQif rif;bDvl;om; rif;zD;dk;udk
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
jynfBuD; pnf;pdrfudk ay;tyfNyD;vQif xD;eef;udk qufcH&av\/ xdkrif;

qufcH wdkif;jynfat;csrf;vsuf rsm;rMumrDyif ewf&GmpHav\/
xdkrif;om; OZei,f? if;om; oD0&mZf? if;om; odrf;pnf;? if;om;
&mZoludk trwfpnfobif vkyfMuHNyD;rS if;trwfxD;eef; pnf;pdrfudk
odrf,lNyD;vQif rif;jyK\/ if;aemuf trwfjrif;pnf ykefpm; awmfvSef
NyD;vQif &if;jyKNyD; aemuf ig;vMumvQifr[mrsdK;jzpfaom &mZoludk
xD;eef;pnf;pdrfESifhwuG eef;wif awmfrlukef\/ xdk&mZolrif; vGefvQif
nDodrfZol (od*Fol)udk rif;ajrmuf xD;eef;pnf;pdrfudk tyfav\/
xdkrif;vGefvQif wlawmfjzpfaom apmrGefudk eef;wifav\/ xdkrif;
vufxuf ckepf&majcmufq,hf&Spf (768) vGefavNyD;aom a&S;a&S;
aomrif;taygif;wdkY vufxuf awmfvnf; omoemwnf vlrsdK;
jzpfaomaMumifh &cdkifom;? acsmif;om;[l uGJjym;jcif; r&Sdukef?
umv&SnfjrifhaomaMumifh ae&mt&yfudk tpGJjyK toD;oD; ac:a0:
Muavukef\/ &cdkifom;rif;? acsmif;om;rif;? ukvm;rif;[l r&Sd/
omuDEG,f jzpfavaomaMumifh trsdK;jrwf& avonf/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUawmf rif;quftaygif;udk rif;pOftwdkif; odomatmif
qdkaytHh/
apmrGef r&Sd avmif;MuufNrdKU ysufpD;NyD;onfhaemuf 21 ESpf ig;v
wdkif jrefrmESifh rGefwdkYonf wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tBudrfBudrf vma&mufwdkuf
cdkufzsufqD;NyD;rS taemufrZdra'o t&yfwGif cdk0ifaeaom apmrGefrif;
udk plvwefrif;onf &Jruf Adv
k af jc tajrmuftjrm;wdYk EiS hf apvTwNf yD;vQif
"n0wDjynfBuD; pnf;pdrfudk tyfESif;&m if;apmrGefrif;onf NrdKUokOf;jzpf
aom avmif;MuufNrdKUrS xGufvm ou&mZf ckepf&mudk;q,fhESpf
(792) ckESpfwGif ajrmufOD;a&TNrdKUawmfudk a&S;OD;pGm wnfaxmifpdk;pH
jyKavonf/ xdkrif;apmrGef vGefvQif ab;avmif;awmf tquftEG,fjzpf
aom nDrif;&mZ&D (rif;c&D)udk tmvDcif[k trnfcHawmfrl rif;jyKav
\/
xdkrif;vufxuf jrefrmjynfESifh "n0wDjynf tMum;wGif zdk;acgif
awmifdk;udk e,fy,fowfrSwf cGJjcm;av\/ ou&mZf &Spf&majcmuf
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
(806)ckwGif tif;0NrdKUbk&if e&ywdrif;udk,fwdkif rif;rdzk&m; paom

aqGawmfrsdK;awmfrsm;ESifhwuG zdk;acgifawmifdk;udk vma&mufNyD;vQif
"n0wDrif; pm&Drzd &k m;? armif;rrdH jcH&v
H sufrif;{u&mZfEpS yf g;wdYk onf
rd, zGJUMu\/
xdkpm&Drif; vGefvQif om;awmf apmjzLonf ukvm;roQm [laom
trnfudk cHawmfrl rSL;BuD;rwf&m aoemywd tp&Sdaom rif;wdkY\
vufHk; qif;? jrif;? &xm;? um? vTm;? rD;ayguf? tajrmuf aoewf
vufeufrsm;pGm &mZm vufHk;wdkif;om;jynfol MunfjzLo'g r[m&w
pdk;&ocif bk&ifrif;jrwftjzpf tkyfcsKyf pHaeawmfrl\/ xdktcg
&uy&l wdik ;f jynfrudk umvwm&Snf Mumjrifah vaomaMumifh "n0wDwiG f
wHkornf &cdkifwdkif;[l ac:a0:orkwfMuavukefonf/
1/ om;awmf bapmjzL
2/ if;om; pGmvQm (a'gvQm)
3/ baxG;awmf rif;ndK
4/ pGmvQmom; rif;&efatmif
5/ if;OD;&d; pvifol
6/ if;om; rif;&mZm
7/ if;om; *Zmywd
8/ qifjzL&Sifom; bvoQm
9/ rif;&mZmom; rif;bif (rif;yif)/
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
tdrfa&SUrif;BuD;om; rif;apm (rif;apmvS)

if;nDawmf pMu0aw;rif;
baxG;awmf rif;zavmif;
if;om; owdk;"r&mZm
if;om; Oy&mZmrif;carmif;
if;om; rif;[&D
if;om; qifjzL&Sif
if;om; e&ywd
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
9/ if;om; pE&ok"r
10/ if;om; o'dk;atmif
11/ if;om; O*Avrif;/
if;rif;udk trwfykefpm; oHCmwpfyg;udk rif;ajrmuf av\/
0&"rrif;&mZmvnf; wGifonf/ xdk0&"rrif;&mZm trwfrPdol
ykefpm; rif;jyKawmfrlav\/
if;rPdolrif;udk trwfowdk;atmif ykefpm; rif;jyKjyef\/
if;trwfudk jynfolwdkYESifh trwfiukef ykefpm; rif;jyKjyefonf/
trwf iukefudk tjcm;trwf wpfOD;ykefpm;NyD;vQif rif;&mZm trnf,l
rif;jyK\/ if;rif;udk trwfwpfOD; ykefpm;NyD;vQif e&ywdtrnfjzifh
qufcHpdk;pHjyef\/ if;rif;udk jynfoljynfom;wdkY eef;rScsNyD;vQif
trwfausmfoCFudk y&0DtrnfcH,l xD;eef;pnf;pdrfudk odrf;,lav\/
xdkYaemuf teEAv rif;jyK\/ awmift&yf ydefeJacsmif;rSm ppfuJ&Jabmf?
,d;k acsmif;wGif ud,
k &f BH uD; 0gox? uefacsmif;wGif olawmfO;D ? yg;awmfwiG f
t[kvfaMumifbdkESifh wuG toD;oD; rif;jyK\/ ou&mZf wpfaxmif
ajcmufw,fhav;ck (1064)ESpf awmifbufusdef;uRef;t&yfrSm iuef;wHk;
ndK avSum;avSvsifpD;vsuf tvHk;t&if;ESifh tuGJtjym; BuD;pdk;aom
rif;wdkYudk odrf;,l rif;jyKou&mZfum; wpfaxmifhckepfq,fhwpfck
(1071)ESpf ajrmufOD;NrdKUudk pdk;pHawmfrl\/ if;rif; xD;eef;pnf;pdrfudk
&vQif pE0dZ,&mZmbGJU trnfta&G;udk cHawmfrlav\/ xdkrif;xdk;
ou&mZfum; wpfaxmifhudk;q,fhoHk; (1093)ckESpf orufomr ykefpm;
NyD;vQif pEol&d,&mZm trnfjzifh jynfBuD;pnf;pdrfudk odrf;jref;pHy,f
awmfrlukef\/
if;rif; vGefvQif om;awmf e&"dywd rif;jyKpOf i,fuRef
iqkyefY? iyef;yGiw
hf Ykd awmfveS yf ek pf m;&mwGif OD;&D;awmf avmif;Muufpm;udk
eef;wif av\/ xdkavmif;Muufpm;rif;onf a&Teef;a&Ttdrfrsm;udk&vQif
e0y&0 rnfaom trnfudk cHukef\/ if;rif;vGefvQif if;om;
pE0pv rif;jyK\/ xdkrif;udk ukvm;i,fuvsm awmfvSefNyD;vQif
ckepf&uf rif;jyKpOf tcg jynfojl ynfom;wdYk eef;csNyD;vQif pE0pvrif;\
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
nDawmf tdrfa&SU rif;udk y0g&mZf (arw&mZf) rif;trnfjzifh xD;eef;

wif\/ xdkrif;vGefvQif baxG;onf tb,&mZm trnfjzifh xD;eef;
pnf;pdrfudk qufcH pdk;pHawmfrlukef\/ if;rif;udk tb,&mZmrif;\
&rf;jAJpm;onf ykepf m;awmfveS
f r[m&mZmtrnf cH,Nl yD;vQif xD;eef;udk
odrf;,l\/ if;rif;udk trwfjzpfaom 'g;ydkifBuD;onf wpfaxmifh
wpf&moHk;q,fhig; (1135) ckESpf ykefpm;NyD;vQif oHk;ESpf pdk;pHjyef\/
if;rif; ou&mZf wpfaxmif wpf&moHk;q,fh&Spf (1138)ckESpf trwf
ydk;a&T ykefpm;NyD;vQif wpfvausmfcefY rif;jyKNyD;vqif 0drv&mZm
trnfudkcH\/ xdkrif;udk if;ckESpf &rf;jAJNrdKU armifatmifpHk tvHk;t&if;ESifh
awmfvSefykef;pm; "r&mZf[laom trnfudk cH,lNyD;vQif jynfBuD;\
pnf;pdrfudk ajcmufESpf wdkif pdk;pHawmfrlukef\/ if;rif;vGefvQif om;awmf
vuf0Jjrefonf r[morwtrnfjzifh jynfBuD;pnf;pdrfudk oHk;ESpfpdk;pOf
wpfaxmifwpf&m av;q,fh ajcmuf (1146) ckESpfwGif tr&yl&
jynfBuD;udk tpdk;&awmfrlaom bk&ifrif;{u&mZfvufxufawmf
odrf;pdk;jcif; ou&mZf wpfaxmifwpf&m &Spfq,fhajcmuf (1186)ckESpf
wdkif pHav\/
a&S;a&S;aom rif;pOfpum;&yfrsm;udk tusOf;tm;jzifh aocsmpGm
jyaytHh/
yxrbk&m;tEG,fjzpfaom bdk;awmfterif;BuD;vufxuf
wpfaxmif&Spf&mav;q,fhckepf (1849)ckESpfudk a'0Dvq&mjzdK wdkuf&
avonf/ ajcmufq,fhckepf (67)ckESpf bk&m;tavmif; y#doaE
aeonf/ ajcmufq,fh&Spf (68)ckESpf aomMumaeYrSm bk&m;avmif;
zGm;awmfrlavonf/ &Spfq,fhoHk; (83)ckrSm ,aomf"&mESifh xdrf;jrm;awmf
rlonf/ udk;q,fhckepf (97)ckESpf 0gqdkvjynfh wevFmaeY awmxGufawmf
rlonf/ wpf&mhoHk; (103)ckESpf? uqkefvjynfh Ak'[l;aeY aexGuftcsdef
bk&m;tjzpfodkY a&mufawmfrlonf/ wpf&mav;q,fh&Spf (148)ckESpf
t*FgaeY y&dedAmefpHawmfrlonf/ y&dedAmef vGefawmfrlNyD;onfhaemuf
xd k o u & mZf wpf & mav;q,f h & S p f (148)ck u d k tZmwowf r if ;
usdef;NzdKwdkuf&av onf/ if;aemuf ayguHNrdKU aemf&xmu ou&mZf
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
ajcmuf&mav;q,fh ESpf (642)ckESpfudk NzdKonf/ if;aemuf yxr

pEol&d,rif;vufxuf ig;&majcmufq,fhav; (564)ckESpfudk yxr
pEo&l ,
d rif;NzdKonf/ pEo&l ,
d rif; ESpq
f ,fEh pS f (22)qufwiG f aemufq;kH
rif;onf r[mjrwf rkedudk oGef;vkyfonf/ pEol&d,rif; ESpfq,fhESpf
(22)qufaemuf cE& rif; udk; (9)quf? 'o&mZmrif; oHk;(3)quf?
tavmif;pG,forif; av;(4)quf? ou&mZf axmifusdef;udk NzdKonf/
if;aemuf irif; iukef; ig;(5)quf? rif;&mZmBuD; udk; (9)qufrSm
ESpfcGJwpfa,muf wpfESpf wpfa,muf? if;aemuf rif;carmif; oHk;(3)
qufrmS tqH;k rif;carmif;onf ta&SU[Hom0wDjynfukd wdu
k cf u
kd v
f suf
y*dk;jzL rif;orD;udk aqmif,lcJhonf/ y*dk;jzL rif;orD; aemuf rGefudk;odef;?
jyLudk;odef;ESifh orD;tm; xnfhvdkufonf/ vufzGJUonf[k tjcif;
&Sdavonf/
&cdkif"n0wDjynfrSm a&mufvQif ta&SUbuft&yfu xm;avaom
aMumifh tcsdKUuvnf; ta&SUbuft&yfoYkd ajy;oGm;av\/ tcsdKUuvnf;
usef&pf\/ taMumif;udk y*dk;jzLrif;orD; odavaomaMumifh odkY
ajy;u ighvlwdkYonf aoukefvwH[l tpdk;& rif;carmif;tm; ESD;aESm
wdkifyifajymqdkavaomf rif;orD; y*dk;jzLESifh nDnmNyD;vQif usef&pfaom
jyL-rGefwdkYudk csifacsmif;pm;? &yGm;pm;? yef;o&Dacsmif;pm;wdkYudk ac:
awmzsm;jrpftxJ vkyfMuHpm;aomuf aeMuavukef\/
a&S;a&S;aom rif;wdkY\ w&m;onfum; rif;wdkYrSm q,fhyg;wnf;/
q,fyg;[lonfum; ]'geH oDvH? y&dpm*H? tZpH? r'pH? wyH? taum"d
t0d[o? cEDp? t0da&m"eH? ar'o? cwd,pa&} [k rif;usifhw&m;
q,fyg;jzifhom qdkcJhonf/ o*F[w&m; av;yg;[lonfum; ]arwm?
*kPm? Oayum? rk'dwm} [k o*F[w&m; av;yg;[l jA[pdk&fw&m;
av;yg;udk oGif;&onf/ reufudkqGrf; nudkyef;? reufudk bk&m;? nudk
w&m;/ onfvnf; rif;wdkY\ o*F[w&m; rnfukef\/ rif;wdkY\
Avonfum; qif?jrif;? rSL;rwf Adkvfygtm;vnf; wpfyg;? bkrdygv
wdkif;jynfcdkiftm;vnf; wpfyg;? wdkif;oljynfom;wdkYtm; tcGefawmfESifh
wuG jynfolwdkYtm;vnf; wpfyg;? aoemwd ynm&SdtrwfwdkYtm;vnf;
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
wpfyg;? 'dkif;?"m;? umvTm;? aoewf? rD;ayguf? tajrmuf? pdefajymif;

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xm;aom rif;jym; uif;acsmif; (prv,facsmif;t0) urf;arQmfeHa,mif
cyf wpfavQmufudkom vTJz,fjycJhMuavonf [l\/ xdktcg NrdKUcs&ef
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udkyif rSnfhac:&ef owfrSwfapcJhonf [l\/ yxrwGif uRef;tkyfwdkYjzifh
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jyKcJhavonf/ rif;jym; usdef;uRef;tkyfrSm csif;ysH\jrpfawmfoludk yxr
cefYtyfcJhonf/ if;udk ol\ ckepfESpft&G,f (ppfawGNrdKUudk t*Fvdyfydkifp
c&pf 1826 ckESpf tcsdef) uyif t*Fvdyfppfwyf uGefref'gppfAdkvfwpfOD;u
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NrdKUwnfonf} [k uifyGef;urnf;rxdk;rD ]rif;jym;NrdKU} [l omrntrnf
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oavmuf jzpfonf/ tcGeftaumuf wdkufpma& ajrwdkif;? ykvdyf
ponfrsm;vnf; tcgtm;avsmfpGm ppfawGrSwpfqifhvm vkyfief;pD&if
oGm;MurI &Sdavonf/ xdkYaMumifh rif;jym;NrdKUESifhqdkif&m a&;rSwfxm;aom
rSwfwrf;pmaywdkYwGif ou&mZf 1214 ck wydkYwGJvwGif (trSD;oufqif;)
a&mufonf[k tapmqHk; awGU&onf/ trSD;oufqif qdkonfrSm
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aumufcHolrsm;udkyif qdkvdk onf/
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aMumif; rSwfom;csufawGU&onfum; ]1225 ck waygif;vwGif oHBudK;
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(1229-ck waygif;vjynfhausmf 1-&uf) rS rif;jym;NrdKUudk wnfonf[k
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&JXme ponfrsm;jzifh NrdKUe,f tkyfcsKyfrI pepfwus pwifvmcJh&rnf
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(vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;) qnfzdkYvsuf 1233-ckESpf wHwm;cif;onf/
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jcif;? 1244 ckESpf rif;jym;rS ajrmif;bG,f qufoG,foGm;vm&aom
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vmjcif;? toD;tESH &Sm;yg;jcif;? owif;rsm;yg wdkpDwdkprSwfwrf;
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t*Fvdyfacwfu trsm;qHk; tdrfajc ig;&mxdom&SdcJhonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif
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ysufpD;oGm;aom usdef;awmifta&SUbuf wufvrf; tkwfavSum;wpfck
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&Sdonf/ (trsm;u rEkoD[tkyfESifh if;txufu qifhyef;tdk;vnf;
wnfvkyfxm;&Sdonfudk jrifvdkuf&onf [l\/) if;avSum;rSm wnf
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jzpfonf/ urmwGif tenf;i,frQaom ta&twGufxJwGif yg0ifay
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onf/ ,ck xdkavSum;rSm ysufNydKvsuf tkyfjym;tkyfcsyf&SnfBuD;rsm;
upOfhuvsm; jzpf&SdaeNyD; xdkvrf;udkvnf; bk&m;zl;wufvrf;tjzpf
vHk;0toHk;rjyKMuawmhacs/ NrdKUtkyfomyef; (wkwftrsdK;om;) vufxuf
um; usdef;awmf&SifapwDudk (1270-ckESpf)tzGJU zGJUpnf; jyKjyifrGrf;rHvsuf
a&TcscJhavonf/ *syefppfajy;NyD;aemuf t*FvdyfjyefvnftkyfcsKyfpOf
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rif;jym;NrdKU bkef;BuD;ausmif;[l rif;uefta&SUbuf uyfvsuf
,ck Hk;BuD;0if;wGif wpfausmif;wnf;om &SdcJhonf/ xdkausmif;&mESifh
wpfqufwnf; apwDysufrsm;vnf; &SdcJhonf/ usef&pfaom apwDysuf
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qdyfydkif;usaom jrpf0ESifhacsmif;0wpfavQmuf BudKMum;rQom vlaerI
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bmcH? uif;qdyf? oJwef;xd vnf;aumif; awmifbufudk Murf;r&Gm
(,cif Murf;yHkar&Gm)ac: uefr&Gm? awmifarmf? Al;yif&Gm ponfxdwdkif
vnf;aumif;? taemufudk usdef;awmifajc&if;xd us,fjyefYvsuf ysHUESHY
&SdaeavNyD/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemufydkif;wGif usD;jzL&Gm (NrdKUopf&yfuGuf)
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aumfumeDpkrS qufpyfum jynfawmfom? jynfawmfat;? jynfawmfGefY
paom &yfuGufrsm;onf wdk;csJUjzpfxGef;cJh&onf/
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,ckqdkvQif rif;jym;NrdKUum; tee'Djrpfurf;rS usdef;awmifajc&if;
xd wdk;csJUvmcJhNyD; jzpfavonf/ pD;yGm;ukefoG,frI tcsuftcsmwdkYaMumifh
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rsm; trsm;qHk;aexdkifaom NrdKUtjzpf pnfyifvmcJh&jcif;vnf; jzpfay
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aumfrwDponfh vlrIa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&; qkdif&mrsm; cefYcGJvsuf pDpOf
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ppftwGif; aumZm 1303 ckESpf? wydkYwGJvqef; (8) &ufaeY? eHeuf 10
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odkY ajymif;a&TUaqmufvkyfcJhonf/ c&pf 1955 ckESpfrS pwif vQyfppf
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aq;Hka[mif; taemufbufabmvHk;uGif;wGif wnfaqmufcJhonf/ ppf
NyD;aemuf t*FvdyftkyfcsKyfa&; jyef&pOf ,ckukefoG,fa&; *dka'gifae&mwGif
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ajrmif;oG,ftxd vnf;aumif; um;toGm;tvm jyKvkyfEdkifcJhavonf/
ppfawGrS rif;jym;? ajrmif;bG,f? yef;ajrmif;xd we*FaEG? Ak'[l;?
aomMumaeYwdkif; (&ufow wpfywfvQif 3-Budrf) oabFmoGm;vmae
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t*Fvdyfvufxufu rif;jym;acsmif;rSm Muyfpifawmifarmf? AsdKif;uRef;
urf;eHab;u pwift0cH prv,fuRef;udk jzwfvsuf vnf;aumif;?
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oabFmrSm rif;jym;acsmif; (uif;acsmif;vnf;ac:\)/ (prv,facsmif;
vnf;[l\)rS prv,fuRef;udkjzwfvsuf av;NrdKUjrpftwdkif; ckwfarmif;
oGm;vmjyKcJh&onf/ ,ckum; acsmif;rsm;? uRef;rsm; wdrfaumNyD; aomif
wef;tjzpf ydkYvmojzifh jrpfaMumif;twdkif;yif oGm;vmae&avonf/
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odYk wdraf umoGm;cJ&h onf [l\/ NrdKUjyqdik &f m vrf;yef;jyKjyifru
I kd t*Fvyd f
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vkyftm;jzifh vnf;aumif; jyKjyifvkyfaqmifcJhavonf/ ,cktcg tnm
a&pm;jcif;'PfaMumifh rif;jym;jrpf urf;em;ydkif;rSm wpfpwpfpNyKvm
ojzifh &Gmopfau paom &yfuGufopfrsm;cs a&TUajymif;aevmcJh&onf/
aomufoHk;a&[l &cdkifrif;vufxufu wl;azmfxm;cJhaom rif;
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orwav? tHhpGav} ponfh tzGJUrsdK; jzpfonf/
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jzifh pyfqdkcJhMuaMumif; awGU&onf/ bk&m;avmif;awmxGufawmfrl
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rsm;vnf; &Sdavonf/ ,ckbk&m;tavmif; awmxGufawmfrljcif;udk
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avjzifh tqHk;csxm;onf/
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qErGefjyK&ay\/
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earm w b*0awm t&[awm ormorK'/
1/ eudk[lum;? e&mtxGwf? od'aysmf&m? wkodwmu? oufvSus
onf? rdvSrmwm? 0rf;xJaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
2/ rm,m0rf;xJ? tjrJy#doED? q,fveDonf? zGm;csdefwef0,f?
edrdwf onfum;? udk,fa&mif0gonf? jyifvSw0if;? w0if;
aomfvnf;? [efpGav/
3/ w0if;udk,fa&mif? vwef;aqmifonf? tacgifr,fawmf? rdb
arQmfonf? &Tifaysmft*F&m? awmomaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
4/ t*F&mawmom? zGm;cgwHkvSpf? ckepfz0g;? ajrmufodkYoGm;onf?
BuD;rm;xifum? xifumaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
5/ BuD;rm;xifvSpf? q,fhajcmufESpfwGif? xdrf;jrm;usifonf? aryif
arsmufom;? ,aomfaomfvnf; [efpGav/
6/ arsmufom,aomf? qif;jrausmfESifh? &TifaysmfwleD? cspfBudK;NzDonf?
wHk&TDjym'f? tcsmaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
7/ jymom'ftcsm? eDvDcg0,f? tcgwyg;? O,smOfoGm;? av;yg;ed
rdwf? jrifvDaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
8/ edrw
d v
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af omf
vnf;? [efpGav/
9/ od'wfrif;om;? pdwfjywfMunfndK? uRefqefac:onf? jrif;awmf
cufpD;? cufpD;aomfvnf;? [efpGav/
10/ jrif;awmfcufpD;? rDxGD;pum;? uRefqefMum;onf? &Tifyg;0rf;yef;?
0rf;omaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
11/ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om? cufvD&m0,f? jrL;pGmjrif;vS? cEDu(u@u)
aomfvnf;? [efpGav/
&cdkifom;BuD;pmay
12/ cEDu[l? jrif;vSpD;vQif? awmBuD;xGufonf? nOfheufoef;acgif?

tcgaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
13/ nOfheuftcg? ewfrsm;vm? ajcmufoef;rD;Iwf (rD;SL;)? xGef;
vSmaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
14/ rD;Iwfajcmufoef;? vrf;pGefc&D;? TefvdkufNyD;rSm? jrpfBuD;aemfrm?
urf;em;aomfvnf;? [efpGav/
15/ aemfrmurf;em;? ckefvDoGm;onf? jyifay:oJjzL? uRef;ay:aomf
vnf;? [efpGav/
16/ oJjzLuRef;wGif? udkifvQiftjrJ? oufvsufpGJ? tjrJqHawmf
jzwf umaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
17/ qHawmfvnf; jzwf? aumif;cifvTwfonf? qGJvSmyef;qdkif?
toGif aomfvnf;? [efpGav/
18/ yef;qdkiftoGif? qHudk jrifonf? jyKcsif&[ef;? tjzpfaomfvnf;?
[efpGav/
19/ &[ef;tjzpf? wnfvwfaomcg? xufjA[mu? uyfvSmouFef;?
w&Haomfvnf;? [efpGav/
20/ ouFef;uyfNyD;? 0wf&NyD;rSm? jrpfBuD;aemfrm? ae&&maomfvnf;?
[efpGav/
21/ ae&&m? jrpfomacsmif;em;? EdkYqGrf;pm;onf? zvm;a&TcGuf?
arQmumaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
22/ &TDcGufarQmNyD;? aAm"datmufwGif? &yfvDusifonf? yvif&TDxD;?
aygufumaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
23/ &TDxD;qef;Munf? yvif0,fwGif? wifysOfzGJU? zGJUvQif eDum?
eDum aomfvnf;? [efpGav/
24/ zGJUvQifeDrSm? rm&Sfppfvm? Adkvfygodef;aomif;? uk#Daomfvnf;?
[efpGav/
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25/ odef; aomif; uka#? rm&fppfNcDudk? 0okE&D? oufodxm;jim;?

qH&Dcsonf? BuD;pGmrm&fppf? atmifjrifaomfvnf;? [efpGav/
26/ rm&fppfatmifjrif? oHk;vlY&Sifonf? r*ifc&D;? Tef;umaomfvnf;?
[efpGav/
27/ c&D;Tef;ajrmuf? pdkif (pOf)wavQmufonf? uRwfxdkufvlewf?
jA[maomfvnf;? [efpGav/
28/ vl ewf jA[m? rsm;pGmuRwfNyD;? edAmefrSD;onf? bkef;BuD;oHk;vl?
q&maomfvnf;? [efpGav/
awmxGwftef wGifNyD;NyD/
Ak'0if; [efpdtzGJU (q&mxGef;)

1/ b'urm? wnfvmtp? orwrS pEG,fdk;? r[mqDau?
omuD rsdK;av? [efpdav/
2/ omuDrsdK;au? owdk; ous? wdkif;XmeDav? uydvrSm? arG;zok
a':? r,frm,mwdkY? pHaysmfumv? tavmif;y&ar? usdef;atmif;
wnfau? oaEcav? [efpdav/
3/ oaEcau? q,fv aphcg? rdrmwmrSm? 0emomarm? tifMuif;
&dyfNrdKif? yef;O,smOfrSm? udkifumzGm;av? [efpdav/
4/ udkifumzGm;au? aAm"dyGifhanmif;? Ak'Pfudk? yefqkawmif;
onf ? Ak ' r ,f a wmf ? ewf & G m aysmf a omf ? rmwm wrQ?
a*gwrDau? rdaxG;awmfvQif? om,k,av? [efpdav/
5/ om,k,au? eef;r oD[m? z oka':u? onf;csmom;vS?
od'w [k? em;rvnf; ay;? jr{,ifrSm? wifum vTJa&?
[efpd av/
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6/ wifum vTJau? ykvJ jr ausmuf? wqJh ajcmufodkY? &G,fa&muf

aomcg? r,f,aomfESifh? ESpfjzmvufxyf? armifESifh arudk?
a&T jynfBuD;ESifh? xD;eef;tyfau? [efpdav/
7/ xD;eef;tyfau? jy'fbHkjrifh? ckepfqifhESifh? jryGifhpdefa&mif?
wajymifajymifau? oHk;aqmifeef;r? wlarmifESHwdkY? pHaysmfMuav?
[efpdav/
8/ pHaysmfMuau? b'uem? r,f,aomfvqif? &wemywjrm;?
*AMwHKau? EIwfiHkxm;odkY? om; y#doef? &Sdavjyefaomf? cg&H
wyg;? tavmif;udk,fawmf? O,smOfomudk? xGufumoGm;av?
[efpdav/
9/ xGufumoGm;au? aysmfyg;aecdk? ncsrf;ndKwGif? oltdkwjzm?
olemwoG,f? olaowcef;? edrdwfjrifau? &Sif&[ef;av?
[efpdav/
10/ &Sif&[ef;au? av;cef;pHkvif? edrdwfxif? a&Tpifywjrm;?
b' uem? &m[kvmudk? jrifajrmfbGm;au? w&m;vnf;&?
xdwfvefY zG,fjzifh? oHa0*av? [efpdav/
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aAm"d ] r@d K if } ? cef ; 0g ]yd k i f } au? csuf ] d k i f } jynf h p H k

wdxd ]euwf}? MuHqHk; ]jzwf} ? ]yg'd} ADZem(4-3-1)

a&;om;cJhzl;aom rZif;? sme,f? pmapmifrsm; qdkvQif1/

,if; a0g[m&qdkonfudk tFvdyfrI? tFvdyfjcif;? ukvm;pum;udk