II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 16 -´÷-Ja 2006

Brahmam: (Do) you know when the train
arrives here?
(Train Ééπ\-úÕ-Èé-°æ¤púø’ ´Ææ’hçüÓ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)
Vishnu: I do not know exactly when, but I
am sure that it arrives between 8.30
and 9.00 in the morning.
(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ á°æ¤púÓ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’, é¬E §Òü¿’l†
8.30, 9.00 ´’üµ¿u ´Ææ’hç-ü¿-ØËC ´÷vûªç
éπ*aûªç)
Brahmam: That suits us fine then. Find out
where Eswar is. Ask him whether
he is coming with us or not. Tell him
we have to reserve tickets.
(ÅC ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ≤˘éπ®Ωuç. Ѩ¡y®˝ áéπ\-
úø’-Ø√oúÓ îª÷úø’. ¢√úø’ ´’†ûÓ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúÓ
™‰üÓ éπ†’éÓ\. ´’†ç tickets reserve
îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-©E îÁ°æ¤p.)
Vishnu: (I have) no idea how I can meet
him. I called his home twice but
there was no response. He has-
n't/he doesn't have a cell phone.
8. (that) He doesn't have a cell
(¢√úÕéÀ cell ™‰ü¿E).
9. Whose number it is (ÅC á´J †ç•®Ó).
10. (that) he has no cell (¢√úÕéÀ cell ™‰ü¿E).
OöÀ™x subordinate clauses no. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7
and 9 îª÷úøçúÕ. É´Fo 'Wh' words (When,
Where, How, How many, Why and Whose)ûÓ
begin Å´¤-ûª ’-Ø√o®· éπü∆? É´Fo When,
Where, How ™«çöÀ 'Wh' wordsûÓ begin Å®·-
†-°æp-öÀéÃ, questions 鬴¤. ´’† ¢Á·ü¿öÀ lessons a) lesson beginning conversation
¢√úÁ-éπ\úø îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’Ø√oúÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ = Ééπ ™E ™
™ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊-†oC í∫’®Ω’hç-C-éπü∆. Question Å®·ûË I do not know where he studies. clauses 5, 8 and 10 that clauses.
¢√öÀ í∫’Jç*
'Wh' word ûª®√yûª verb ´·çü¿÷, ûª®√yûª subject
b) ¢√úÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ time waste îË≤ƒhúÓ Ø√éπ-®Ωnç-é¬-´-ôç-™‰ü¿’ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oç-í∫ü∆.
´≤ƒh®·. Clauses No. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9™
I do not understand why he wastes time EXERCISE:
'Wh' word ûª®√yûª subject ´·çü¿÷, verb
ûª®√yû√ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. Åçü¿’-éπE É´Fo (sub + c) ¢√úÕéπçûª úø•’s ᙫ ´≤ÚhçüÓ á´-Jéà ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ – NOW PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN
verb) form ™ ÖçúË subordinate clauses. No body knows how he gets/ is getting all ENGLISH.
¢√öÀ Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ: questions ™«í¬ that money.
Vani:
Hi Durga, Lakshmi áéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁR}çüÓ
®√´ôç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆. d) ¢√úÁ-°æ¤p-úÌ-≤ƒhúÓ ´÷èπ◊ îÁ°æpçúÕ.
ûÁ©’≤ƒ?
Please tell us when he will come/ comes/ is
Durga: ûª†ûÓ Fèπ◊ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Ë’çö îÁ°æ¤p, ´·çü¿’.
coming.
Vani: ûª† †’ç* Ø√èπ◊ úø•’s Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’E îÁ§ƒp†’
e) function á´®Ω’ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ-≤ƒh®Ó ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ =

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 127
(Åûª-ØÁo™« éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√™ ûÁL-ߪ’ôç ™‰ü¿’. éπü∆?
They do not know who will inaugurate the
È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x ¢√∞¡x ÉçöÀéÀ phone î˨», é¬E Durga: Ç¢Á’ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’sçüÓ ™‰üÓ ûÁ©’≤ƒ Fèπ◊?
á´®Ω÷ áûªh-ôç-™‰ü¿’. ¢√úÕéÀ cell phone function.
™‰ü¿’.)

Whether he is coming or not

Brahmam: How can we know how many berths
we have to reserve?
Vishnu: Hi... I remember. He and his people
are away in Eluru. They will be back
tomorrow.

Look at the difference between 'wh'

(Ç... É°æ¤púø’ í∫’®Ìh-*açC. Åûª†’, ¢√∞¡x
f) Åûª-EüËÜ®Ó Åûª†’ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Vani:
©éÀ~ t ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ÉçÈé-´-J-
¢√∞¡Ÿx à©÷®Ω’ ¢Á∞«x®Ω’. Í®°æ¤ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh®Ω’.) subordinate clauses and 'wh' questions.
Brahmam: I now understand why he hasn't met
îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ = ü¿-í∫_-®Ω’ç-ô’çC? †’¢Ëyç ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Ó Fèπ◊
Subordinate Clause Question He hasn't told them
us. ûÁL-ߪ’-ôç-™‰ü¿’.
(With Wh words) (With Wh words) where he is from. Durga: Ç¢Á’ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’sç-úÌa. é¬F FéÀ-Ææ’hçüÓ ™‰üÓ
(¢√úø’ ´’†-™„oç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰üÓ É°æ¤púø’
1) ... when the train 1) When does the g) ÅC ¢Ë’¢Á’™« îËߪ÷™ FÈ陫 ûÁ©’Ææ’?
Ø√éπ®Ωnç Å´¤-ûÓçC).
arrives (train á°æ¤p-úÌ- train arrive? (Train ´÷èπ◊ teacher explain
I think I have his cell number in my Vani: ؈’ ûª†E éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ E†o ņ’-èπ◊çö«–
Ææ’hçüÓ... sub clause á°æ¤p-úÌ-Ææ’hçC?)–
M. SURESAN
pocket book. Let met see.
îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’ = É≤ƒh-†E promise îËÆœçC.
No. 1) Not a ques- question Our teacher hasn't
(ÅûªE cell no. Ø√ pocket book ™ tion.
Durga: FÈéçûª 鬢√™ îÁ§ƒp¢√ Ç¢Á’èπ◊?
explained to us how we should do have to do
Öçü¿-†’-éÌçö«. îª÷úøF.) Vani: Féà N´-®√-©Fo áçü¿’éÓ Øˆ’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´î√a?
2) ... Where Eswar is- 2) Where is Eswar? it.
Vishnu: I am telling you he doesn't have a Durga: Sorry. Ø√èπ◊ áéπ\úÕéÀ ¢ÁR}çD ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.
(Ѩ¡y®˝ áéπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ– (Ѩ¡y®˝ áéπ\-úø’- h) ÅC á´-J™x á´-Jéà ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ –
cell.
subordinate clause Ø√oúø’?)– question Whose house it is no one knows. áéπ\-úø’çüÓ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. á°æ¤p-úÕç-öÀéÀ ´Ææ’hçüÓ
(¢√úÕéÀ cell ™‰ü¿E îÁ•’-ûª’-Ø√o†’ éπü∆?) No. 2) - not a ques- í∫´’-Eéπ: Ééπ\úø where, when ûÓ begin ÅßË’u ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.
Brahmam: Then whose is this cell no. here?
tion. clauses conditional clauses 鬴¤ éπü∆– Å¢Ëç Vani: ûª†’ AJ-íÌÊÆh Ø√èπ◊ îÁ§ƒh¢√?
(Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø Ñ cell no. á´-JC?) 3) ... How I can meet 3) How can I meet condition †’ ûÁ©-°æ-ôç-™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE will/ shall Durga: OK.
Vishnu: I do not know whose number it is,
him- ( Åûª-ØÁo™« éπ©’- him? (؈-ûªEo ᙫ Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ¢√úøû√ç.
but I am sure he has no cell. ANSWER:
Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-©ØÓ) – subor- éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-©†’?)– É™«çöÀ clauses O’ conversation ™ ¶«í¬
(ÅC á´J †ç•®Ó Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’, é¬E dinate clause No. 4 question Vani: Hi Durga, (Do) you know where
practice îËߪ’ôç î√™« ´·êuç.
¢√úÕéÀ cell ™‰ü¿-ØËC ´÷vûªç éπ*aûªç) 4) ... how many berths 4) ... how many Lakshmi has gone?
In our earlier lesson we have seen the uses
É°æ¤púø’ Ñ lesson beginning ™E clauses E
we have to reserve berths have we to îª÷úøçúÕ – Whether he is coming or not = Durga: Tell me first why do you need her?
of that clauses. There are some more sub-
(´’†ç áEo berths reserve ( ´’†ç áEo Åûª†’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúÓ ™‰üÓ.. ask him - ÅûªEo Åúø’í∫’. Vani: I've told you that I need money from
ordinate clauses. ¢√öÀE ´’†çdaily conver-
reserveîËߪ÷™) – berths reserve ´’†-éÌéπ N≠æߪ’ç Å´¤ØÓ é¬üÓ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ- her.
sation ™frequent Real life
í¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. subordinate clause îËߪ÷L?)- Question §ÚûË, Å°æ¤púø’ whether é¬F, if é¬F ¢√úøû√ç. if Durga: Do you know whether/ if she has money
situations ™ OöÀ ¢√úøéπç î√™« áèπ◊\¢Ë. ¢√öÀE no.6 Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úø conditional clause if (Å®·ûË ÅØË or not?
main clauses ûÓ join îËÆœ ᙫ ¢√ú≈-©-ØËC 5) Why he hasn't met 5) Why hasn't he met
É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç: Å®Ωnç) é¬ü¿’. Vani: If Lakshmi doesn't have/ has no money,
us (´’†-™„oç-ü¿’èπ◊ us? a) Åûª†’ ¢Á∞«xúÓ ™‰üÓ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ =
Let us look at the subordinate clauses in the
(´’†-™„oç-ü¿’èπ◊ who else has? You do not understand
éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰üÓ)– éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’?)-– She does not know whether/ if he has gone what you are talking.
conversation between Brahmam and
Subordinate Question or not.
Vishnu: Durga: She may have money, but how do you
Clause No.7
1. When the train arrives (Train á°æ¤p-úÌ-Ææ’hçüÓ). 6) Whose number it is 6) Whose number is
b) Ç¢Á’ fees éπöÀdçüÓ ™‰üÓ ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ – know/ how are you sure whether she
2. Where Eswar is (Eswar áéπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ.) ( it? num-
We do not know whether/ if she has paid the
fees (or not)
will give it to you or not?
3. Whether he is coming or not
ÅC á´J †ç•®Ó) – (ÅC á´J Vani: When I met her- I think it was yester-
Subordinate clause ber? - Question c) Chief Guest ÅÆæ©’ ´î√aú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅØËC á´®Ω÷ day, she promised to give it.
(Åûª†’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúÓ ™‰üÓ). No. 9.
4. How I can meet him
îÁ°æp-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o®Ω’ = Durga: Did you tell her how much you need?
No one is able to say whether/ if the Chief
ÉD wh words begin
ûÓ subordinate
ÅßË’u Vani: May I know why you need all these
(؈-ûªEo ᙫ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-©ØÓ). guest has arrived (or not)
5. (that) We have to reserve tickets clause wh word
èπÿ, begin
ûÓ ÅßË’u
d) ÅC êK-üÁj-†ü∆, -Èéj-†ü∆ ÅØËC Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? – details?
Question èπÿ ÖçúË ûËú≈. Ñ ûËú≈ ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ Durga: Sorry. I do not know where she has
(´’†ç tickets reserve îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-©E). English
Do you know whether/ if it is expensive or
6. How many berths we have to reserve gone, where she is and when she will
´÷ö«x-úÕûË ´’†èπ◊ ÆæJí¬ ®√ü¿-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’.
cheap?
®√†õ‰x èπÿú≈. Ñwh word subordinate clause return home/ will be back home.
(´’†ç áEo berths reserve îËߪ÷™). main clause join sentence ÉC whether/ if¢√ú≈-Lq† B®Ω’. ÉC èπÿú≈ real
7. Why he hasn't met us Vani: Will you let me know when she returns?
†’ ™ îËÊÆh ´’†èπ◊
form life situations ™ ´’†èπ◊ conversation ™
Durga: OK
Å´¤-ûª’çC.
(´’†Lo áçü¿’èπ◊ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰üÓ). Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ. î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç éπü∆. Practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm