II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 15 -¢Ë’ 2006

Tarun: No bus is coming. No auto (is) in sight.

eg. a) To walk
So what are we going to do?
(Bus àD ®√´ôç ™‰ü¿’. Auto Å®·Ø√ éπE-°œç-
îªôç ™‰ü¿’. àç îËü∆l-´’ç-ö«´¤?)
Kiran: Let's start walking. If we chance upon an
auto on the way we'll take it, or else I
don't mind walking the whole distance.
(Å®·ûË †úø’ü∆lç. ´’üµ¿u™ Auto üÌJ-éÀûË
ü∆E™ ¢Á∞«lç. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ¢Á·ûªhç ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´-ö«-
Eéà Ø√éπ-¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.)
On the way = ü∆J™
Chance upon = ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ éπE-°œç-îªúøç
Tarun:You talking of walking! That's surprising
since when did you start liking walking,
buddy?
(†’´¤y †úø’-ü∆l-´’ç-ô’-Ø√o¢√! Ǩ¡a-®Ωu¢Ë’! á°æp-öÀ-
†’ç* †úøéπ O’ü¿ É≠ædç éπL-TçC Fèπ◊?)
buddy = v°œßª’ N’vûª’-úÕE Ææç¶-CµçîË Nüµ∆†ç
(American)
Kiran: Stop it. I've always liked walking. I avoid
walking only in hot sun or when I don't
have the time.
(†úø-´ôç) is good for health
(Ç®Ó-í∫u-éπ®Ωç) = walking (†úø-´ôç) is good
for health
b) To get up so early is not easy = getting
up so early is not easy =
Åçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ Evü¿-™‰-´ôç Ææ’©¶µºç é¬ü¿’.
c) I hate to get up late =
Ç©-Ææuçí¬ Evü¿-™‰-´ôç ØËE-≠d-°æ æ-úø†’ =
I hate getting up late.
d) He likes to swim in cold water = 6) I shall appreciate your walking =
2) I don't mind walking - verb mind ü∆E ûª®√yûª
îªFo-∞¡x™ Ñü¿ôç Åûª-E-éÀ≠dçæ =
walking, '-ing' form. Mind Åçõ‰ Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç †’´¤y †úø-´ôç ؈’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒh†’/ ¢Á’a-èπ◊ç-ö«†’.
He likes swimming in cold water. appreciate + your walking ('-ing' form)
îÁ°æpôç.
í∫´’-Eçî√ç éπü∆ – Infinitive ¢√úË îÓôx '-ing'. I don't mind walking = She will appreciate your help =
°j sentences ™ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç ´·êuçí¬ †úø-´ôç Ø√éπ-¶µºuç-ûª-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. F Ææ£æ…-ߪ÷Eo Ç¢Á’ £æ«J{-Ææ’hçC.
í∫´’-E≤ƒhç. sentences a), b) ™x Infinitive †÷, appreciate + help (noun)
Mind ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ '-ing' form ´Ææ’hçC.
'-ing' form †÷ independent í¬ Åçõ‰ sen-
™‰éπ-§ÚûË noun ´Ææ’hçC. Appreciate ûª®√yûª 'If' clause èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.
tence èπ◊ subject í¬ ¢√ú≈ç.
eg: I don't mind the expenditure = a) I shall appreciate if you walk
ÅüË, c), d) ™x Infinitive †÷, '-ing' form †÷ b) I shall appreciate if you help me.
hate, like ™«çöÀ verbs ûª®√yûª ¢√ú≈ç éπü∆. Ç ê®Ω’a Ø√éπ-¶µºuç-ûª-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ / ê®Ω’a N≠æߪ’ç
؈’ °æöÀdç--éÓ†’. Expenditure, noun éπü∆. a), b) ™x appreciate + 'if' clause.
a), b) ™x ™«í¬ independent í¬ ¢√úË-ô-°æ¤púø’
infinitive †’ '-ing' form †÷ äéπ-ü∆E •ü¿’©’ '-ing' form ûÓ: I don't mind spending the 7) I hate backing out -
ÉçéÌ-éπöÀ á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ ¢√úÌa. money = ¢Á†-éπ-úø’í∫’ ¢Ëߪ’ôç Ø√éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’ =
a) To waste time/ wasting time is never Ç úø•’s ê®Ω’a-°-ôdôç Ø√Íéç ¶«üµ¿-é¬ü¿’. I hate to back out (hate + infinitive). hate
good Mind °æéπ\† 'if' clause ´Ææ’hçC. ûª®√yûª È®çúø÷, Åçõ‰ Infinitive, '-ing' form

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 156
b) To walk alone/ walking alone at midnight He doesn't mind if I use his bike = ¢√úø-´îª’a—
is not always safe = ÅûªúÕ bike ؈’ ¢√úø’-èπ◊çõ‰ ÅûªØËç ņ’-éÓúø’. 8) You waste time talking - Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ waste
ûª®√yûª àC waste îË≤ƒh¢Á÷ ü∆Eo îÁ°œp, Ç ûª®√yûª
'ing' form´Ææ’hçC.
a) He wastes time talking about others =

She likes dancing Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª÷

îË≤ƒhúø’.
b) He wastes money indulging in luxuries =
time waste

N™«-≤ƒ™x §ƒ™Ô_çô÷ üµ¿†ç ´%ü∑∆ îË≤ƒhúø’.

Ééπ\úø infinitive ®√ü¿’.
(Ééπ Ç°æ¤. Ø√èπ◊ †úø-éπçõ‰ á°æ¤púø÷ É≠æd¢Ë’. Å®Ωl¥-®√-vA-°æ‹ô äçô-Jí¬ é¬•öÀd 'mind'
°æéπ\† '-ing' form / noun/ 'if'
clause ´≤ƒh®·. infinitive ´÷vûªç ®√ü¿’. Practise the following aloud in English
¶«í¬ áçúøí¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, Ø√èπ◊ time ™‰†-°æ¤úø’ †úø-´ôç Íé~´’ç é¬ü¿’.
´÷vûª¢Ë’ †úøéπ ´÷†-û√†’.) Å®·ûË (c), (d) © Sentence No 3 ™ 'avoid' ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ 'ing' form Laxman: Hi Arjun,
àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©÷?
Avoid = ´÷†ôç!/ îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç ™«çöÀ sentences ™ é¬F, noun é¬F ´Ææ’hçC. infinitive ®√ü¿’. [avoid Arjun:
àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC. F îËA™ Ç
Tarun:Ok. Let's stop arguing. Come, let's enjoy éÌEo verbs °æéπ\ØË = (àüÁjØ√ °æE) îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç] °æ¤Ææhéπç àçöÀ?
walking. As you said I shall appreciate infinitive, '-ing' form a) I avoid walking ('-'ing' form) = Laxman: àüÓ detective novel. Åô’-´ç-öÀN îªü¿-
your walking the whole distance. ´÷Ja ¢√úø-í∫©ç. éÌEo ؈’ †úø-´ôç ´÷†’-èπ◊çö«. ´ôç FéÀ-≠dçæ -™‰-ü¿’-éπü∆?
(ÆæÍ®x. ´’†ç ¢√Cç-îªúøç Ç°œ †úøéπ†’ enjoy Éûª®Ω verbs, expres- M. SURESAN b) He avoids Govind because he owes him Arjun: Correct. †’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ Å™«ç-öÀN îªü¿’-´¤ûª÷
îËü∆lç. †’´y-†oô’d Åçûª ü¿÷®Ω´‚ †úÕÊÆh sions °æéπ\† Infinitive money. time waste îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«´¤? ¢√öÀ-éπçõ‰
Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ¢Ë’/ E†’o ¢Á’a-èπ◊çö«.) †’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬F, '-ing' form †’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬E (Åûªúø’ Govind èπ◊ Å°æ¤p-Ø√oúø’ 鬕öÀd îª÷úø-èπ◊çú≈ ´’ç* novels î√™« ÖØ√o®· éπü∆?
Appreciate = ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îªôç/ ¢Á’a-éÓ-´ôç ¢√úø-í∫©ç. éÀçC verbs °æéπ\† È®çúø÷ ¢√úø-í∫©ç. ûª°œpç-èπ◊ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’) Laxman: Eï¢Ë’. é¬F OöÀE îªü¿-´-ö«-EÍé ؈’ áèπ◊\´
Kiran: Come on. Let's start. I hate backing out. 1) Start 2) begin 3) like 4) dislike 5) love Ééπ\úø avoid = äéπ-JE îª÷úø-èπ◊çú≈ / éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ- É≠æd-°æ-úø-û√†’. Serious novels îªü¿-´ôç
6) hate 7) remember 8) forget 9) propose, etc. èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç. ؈’ avoid îË≤ƒh†’. Åçûª concentrate
(°æü¿, •ßª’-™‰l-®Ωü∆ç. ¢Á†éÀ\ ûªí∫_ôç Åçõ‰ Ø√èπ◊
É≠ædç Öçúøü¿’.) 1) He started to sing/ started singing Why are you avoiding me? = îËߪ’-™‰†’ ؈’.
Tarun:You waste time talking. Show it in action. §ƒúøôç ¢Á·ü¿-©’-°-ö«dúø’ áçü¿’èπ◊ ††’o îª÷úø-èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o´¤? Arjun: Åçû√ Å©-¢√-ô’†’ •öÀd Öçô’çC. îªü¿-
Start walking 2) She began to run = she began running = Ééπ\úø avoid ûª®√yûª Govind ÅØËC noun éπü∆. ´ôç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç. ¢√öÀE É≠æd-°æ-úøôç ¢Á·ü¿-
(´÷ô-©ûÓ time ´%ü∑∆ îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤. Ωu™ °æ®Ω’í∫’ ¢Á·ü¿™„-öÀdçC Avoid ûª®√yûª '-ing form'/ noun ´≤ƒh®·. infini-
©-´¤-ûª’çC.
3) She likes to dance = She likes dancing = Laxman:
tive ¢√úøç.
îª÷°œç. †úøéπ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç) ÅD v°æߪ’-Aoç-î√†’. é¬E É≠æd-°æ-úø-™‰-éπ-§Ú-
Kiran: Ok. I am off. Whoever first stops walking Ø√ôuç îËߪ’ôç Ç¢Á’-éÀ≠dçæ c) she always avoids classes (noun) in the
ߪ ÷ †’.
shall stand the other a drink, ok? 4) She loves to cook = She loves cooking = Arjun:
after noon =
´’S} v°æߪ’-Aoç.
(ÉCíÓ •ßª’-™‰l-®√†’. †úøéπ á´®Ω’ Ç°æ¤-û√®Ó ´çô îËߪ’ôç Ç¢Á’èπ◊ î√™« É≠ædç Ç¢Á’ ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç ûª®Ω-í∫-ûª’-©èπ◊ á°æ¤púø÷ ®√ü¿’. ANSWER
¢√∞¡Ÿx Å´-ûª-L-¢√-JéÀ drink É°œpç-î√L, ÆæÍ®Ø√?) Å™«Íí N’í∫-û√-¢√-öÀûÓ èπÿú≈ Åçõ‰ 4) dislike Sentence 4) Stop arguing - stop ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ Laxman: Hi Arjun, what news? / what's new?
stand a drink/ a dinner/ party, etc. = drink, 6) hate 7) remember 8) forget and 9) pro- noun/ ing form ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´≤ƒh®·. infinitive ®√ü¿’.
Arjun: Just getting on. What's that book in
dinner, party, etc É°œpç-îªúøç) pose (v°æA-§ƒ-Cç-îªôç). Ç verbs °æéπ\† infini- a) He stopped singing - §ƒúøôç ÇÊ°-¨»úø’ your hand?
Tarun:I am game for it. tive, '-ing' form È®çúø÷ ´≤ƒhßË’¢Á÷ îª÷úøçúÕ. stopped + singing ('-ing' form) Laxman: Some detective novel. (Some= àüÓ).
(؈ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’.) Now look at the following sentences from b) He stopped the song in the middle = You don't like reading such books, do
J J J the conversation between Tarun and Kiran §ƒô ´’üµ¿u™ ÇÊ°-¨»úø’ you? / You don't like to read such
English verbs
™ ÅEo ¢√úøéπç äÍ陫 Öçúøü¿’. at the beginning of the lesson. stopped + the song (noun) books, do you?
éÀçü¿öÀlesson ™ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆– Infinitive ¢√úÕ 1) Let's start walking. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ 'stop' ûª®√yûª infinitive ®√ü¿’. Arjun: Correct. Why do you waste time
clauses †’ ´C-Lç--èπ◊çõ‰ ´’† conversation 2) I don't mind walking... Sentence No. 5 reading them? Aren't there better
î√™« simple natural
í¬, í¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E. Å™«Íí 3) I avoid walking 'Enjoy' too is followed either by the '-ing' form books than they?
éÌEo éÌEo verbs ûª®√yûª '-ing' form ¢√úÕûË 4) Let's stop arguing or a noun, but not by the infinitive. Laxman: True. But I love reading / I love to
conversation, bookish (ví¬çC∑-éπç)í¬ é¬èπ◊çú≈ 5) Let's enjoy walking Let's enjoy walking - enjoy + walking ('-ing' read these. I avoid reading serious
¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬ N†-≤Òç-°æ¤í¬ Öçô’çC. form) novels. I cannot concentrate so
6) ... I shall appreciate your walking
éÌEo éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x infinitive •ü¿’©’ '-ing 7) I hate backing out a) I enjoy music = ؈’ ÆæçU-û√Eo enjoy îË≤ƒh†’ much.
form (going, coming, walking ™«çöÀN) Arjun: It's all a matter of habit. Begin reading
enjoy + music (noun)
¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ÉN èπÿú≈ sentence §ÒöÀd îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ 8) You waste time talking b) She enjoys reading books =
them/ Begin to read them. You begin
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·. Infinitive (to + 1st RDW) èπ◊ Look at sentence No 1. The verb 'start' has 'ing' liking them./ You begin to like them.
Ö†o Å®√n™x äéπöÀ ®√ߪ’ôç, A†ôç, ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´ôç after it. °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ îªü¿-´ôç Ç¢Á’-éÀ≠dçæ Laxman: I tried but I could not like them.
(to write, to eat, to learn) éπü∆. ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ 'start' ûª®√yûª infinitive Å®·Ø√, '-ing' form Å®·Ø√ enjoy + reading ('-ing' form). enjoy ûª®√yûª Arjun: Try once again.
'-ing' form ¢√úÌa. ¢√úÌa ÅE îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. infinitive ®√ü¿’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm