-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 27 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007
glad to see the back of some-
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
279
Pradhan: What's the time now?
Vardhan: Nine exactly by my watch.
(Ø√ ¢√î˝ v°æ鬮Ωç ûÌN’tü¿®·çC.)
by my watch = Ø√ ¢√î˝ v°æ鬮Ωç.
Pradhan: Nine already! How time flies! Thanks
for a well spent hour. I must rush to
office. I've (I have) a lot of back log
to clear. I suppose it will keep me
busy till the week end.
(Å°æ¤púË ûÌN’t-ü¿-®·çü∆. ã í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤
¶«í¬ í∫úÕ-°œ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊ thanks. Ç°∂‘Æˇèπ◊
¢ÁRx§Ú-¢√L. Ê°®Ω’-èπ◊-§Ú-®·† °æE î√™«
I've a lot of back log to clear
ÖçC. Åü¿çû√ Å´-íÌ-ö«dL. ü∆E-´©x Ñ
¢√®√ç-ûªç- ´-®Ωèπ◊ G@í¬ Öçö«-†E ņ’-
èπ◊çö«.) well spent = ¶«í¬ í∫úÕ-°œ†.
to clear = ÅÆæç-°æ‹-Jhí¬ Ö†o°æE-E -°æ‹Jh îËߪ’ôç.
Vardhan: You usually sweat it out. Why don't
you take it easy for a change.
(´÷´‚-©’í¬ †’´¤y î√™« v¨¡´’-°æ-úø-û√´¤.
éπFÆæç ´÷®Ω’p-éÓ-Ææ-¢Á’iØ√ ã≤ƒ-JéÀ ûËLí¬_ BÆæ’-
éÓ-´îª’a éπü∆?)
sweat it out= îÁ´’-öúÕa v¨¡´’-°æ-úøôç
Pradhan: What do you know? The boss is
always on our back; he forgets we
are understaffed. If I don't clear the
back log, I'll be shown the door. It's
as serious as that.
(ÅC °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u-ü∆éπ ´÷ ¶«Æˇ ´÷ ¢Áçô-°æ-
úø’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’. ´÷èπ◊ Æœ•sçC ûªèπ◊\´ ņo
N≠æߪ’ç ´’Ja-§Ú--û√úø’. Ê°®Ω’èπ◊§Ú-®·† °æE
°æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË, ¢ÁRx-§Ò-´’tç-ö«úø’.
Ç N≠æߪ’ç Åçûª Æ‘J-ߪ’Æˇ.)
(To be) shown the door = •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-´’-†ôç.
Vardhan: I thought your boss was the good
sort. (O’ ¶«Æˇ ´’ç*-®Ωéπç ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.)
sort = type =
®Ωéπç
Pradhan: Good Sort! No other boss can be as
nasty as he. Most of us at the office
will be very glad to see the back of
him.
(´’çî√! à ¶«Æˇ èπÿú≈ Åçûª ü¿’®√t-®Ω’_-
úø’í¬ Öçúøúø’. ´÷ Ç°∂‘-Æˇ™ î√™«´’çC
Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§ÚûË ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Nasty = ü¿’®√t-®Ω_-¢Á’i†.
Vardhan: Perhaps your pay is good.
(O’ @ûªç ¶«í¬ØË Öçô’ç-ü¿-†’èπ◊çö«)
Pradhan: Who'd grudge if the pay were as
good as the work? what we get is a
pittance.
(v¨¡´’èπ◊ ûªí∫_/ °æEéÀ Ææ´÷-†-¢Á’i† @ûªç
Öçõ‰ á´®Ω’ Ææù’-í∫’-û√®Ω’? ¢Ë’ç§Òç-üËC
î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.)
pittance = î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ úø•’s. - °œö¸Ø˛q– '°œ—
ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
Vardhan: Then demand a rise.
(°çîª-´’E úÕ´÷çú˛ îËߪ’çúÕ.)
A rise=
°ç°æ¤
Pradhan: We did and they conceded. But they
have back tracked on their offer of a
20% rise in wages.
(¢Ë’ç úÕ´÷çú˛ î˨»ç. ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç ÅçU-
éπJç*çC. é¬-F 20 ¨»ûªç ¢Ëûª-Ø√© °ç°æ¤
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¢√Rx-*a-†-´÷ô O’ü¿ ¢Á†éÀ\
¢Á∞«x®Ω’/ ´÷ô-´÷-®√a®Ω’)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
concede(éπØ˛-Æ‘ú˛) = Ææ´’t-Aç-îªôç ( úÕ´÷çú˛
™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ).
Vardhan: Why so? (áçü¿’-éπE?)
Pradhan: We demanded that they raise the
pay from a back date, but they
wouldn't. They wanted to avoid pay-
ing us the back wages.
(¢Ë’ç í∫ûªç †’ç* °çîª-´’Ø√oç. é¬F ¢√∞¡Ÿx
(ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç) ÅçU-éπ-Jç-îª-™‰ü¿’, í∫ûªç
†’ç* °ç*-†ç-ü¿’-´©x ´îËa •é¬®· ¢Ëûª-
Ø√©’ áíÌ_-ôd-ö«-EéÀ)
Vardhan: Yea; now I remember. I read about
the trouble in your company in the
back number of a finance journal.
(Ç... Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-≤ÚhçC. O’ éπç°F
vô•’™¸ †’ í∫’Jç* àüÓ ÇJnéπ °ævAé𠧃ûª
Ææç*-éπ™ îªC-¢√†’.)
Pradhan: You're right. It must be the
December issue of it. OK. I must be
going. See you.
(†’´¤y îÁ°œpçC éπÈ®Íéd. ÅC úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’
Ææç*éπ Åߪ·uçú≈L. ؈’ ¢Á∞«}L. éπ©’≤ƒh)
[ [ [
Spoken English ™ back ûÓ ´îËa ÅA≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωù¢Á’i†
expressions †’ í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπü∆.
Now look at the following sentences from
the dialogue above.
1) I've a lot of back log to clear
2) The boss is always on our back
3) Most of us at the office will be glad to see the
back of him.
4) They have back tracked on their offer
5) We demanded that they raise the pay from a
back date...
6) They wanted to avoid paying us back wages.
1) I've a lot of back log to clear =
Ê°®Ω’èπ◊§Ú®·† °æE °æ‹Jh îËߪ÷Lq ÖçC.
back log = (°æE ™«çöÀN) Ê°®Ω’-èπ◊-§Ú-®·-†N.
a) In every LPG shop/ gas agency, there is a
lot of back log, So you'd (you had) better
book in advance.
(v°æA gas agency ™†÷ É°æp-öÀÍé book îËÆæ’-
èπ◊†o î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ Ææ®Ω-°∂æ®√ îËߪ÷Lq ÖçC. Åçü¿’-
éπE ´·ç-üË Cylinder †’ book îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç
´’ç*C. (Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ book îËÆæ’èπ◊E ÖØ√o cylin-
der E Éçé¬ §Òçü¿-E-¢√∞¡Ÿx, back log Ééπ\úø))
b) The back log of applicants for the issue of
licences is yet to be cleared. So I'd better
apply now so that I can get the licence three
months later .
(Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ ™„jÂÆØ˛q éÓÆæç ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h °ô’d-èπ◊†o
¢√∞¡x ñ«Gû√ °æ‹®Ωh´-™‰ü¿’. ؈’ É°æ¤púË Å°kx îËÊÆh
´‚úø’ ØÁ©©-ÈéjØ√ ´Ææ’hçC.)
2) The boss is always on our back
(´÷ ¶«Æˇ á°æ¤púø÷ ¢Áçô-°æ-úø’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’ °æE îË®·ç-
îª-ö«-EéÀ.)
be on some one's back = ÅüË°æEí¬ äéπJ
¢Áçô-°æúÕ °æE-îË-®·ç--éÓ-´ôç/ §Ú®Ω’-°-ôdúøç.
a) My dad's on my back about getting married.
So I am seeking a job in a distance place.
(°R} îËÆæ’-éÓ-´’E ´÷ Ø√†o äéπõ‰ §Ú®Ω’ °úø’-ûª’-
Ø√oúø’. Åçü¿’-éπE àüÁjØ√ ü¿÷®Ω v§ƒçûªç™ ÖüÓu-í∫ç
éÓÆæç v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’hØ√o.)
b) She was on her husband's back about cost-
ly jewellery. He ran into debts to satisfy her.
(êK-üÁj† †í∫© éÓÆæç ¶µº®Ωh†’ §Ú®Ω’-°-õ‰d-Ææ-JéÀ, Ç¢Á’
éÓJéπ B®Ωa-ú≈-EéÀ Åûªúø’ Å°æ¤p-©-§ƒ-©-ߪ÷uúø’.)
3) Most of us will be glad to see the back of
him.
(Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§ÚûË îª÷Æœ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´÷ Ç°∂‘Æˇ
™ î√™«-´’çC ÖØ√o®Ω’.)
thing/ someone=
äéπ®Ω’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´ôç/ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç
Åçûª-´’-´ôç îª÷Æœ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îªôç.
a) Who won't be glad to see
the back of corruption.
(ÅN-FA Åü¿%-¨¡u-´’-´ôç á´-J-éÀ-≠dçæ -
™‰ü¿’?)
b) Every opposition leader will be glad to see
the back of ruling party.
(v°æB N°æ-éπ~-ØËûª ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωç™ Ö†o §ƒKd ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´-
ú≈Eo £æ«J{-≤ƒh-úø’.)
c) He was glad to see the back of the guest.
(ÅAC∑ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´ôç îª÷Æœ Åûªúø’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-î√úø’.)
4) They have back tracked on their offer.
(¢√Rx-≤ƒh-´’†o ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx.)
Back track on offer/ promise/ word =
É´yôç/ ¢√í¬l†ç/ ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´ôç
a) The party has back tracked on the policy of
free power for all the farmers.
(È®jûª’-©ç-ü¿-Jéà Ö*ûªNü¿’uû˝ Nüµ∆†ç ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-
éÓ-™‰ü∆ §ƒKd/§ƒKd ´÷ô´÷JaçC/ ´÷ô
ûª°œpçC.)
b) He back tracked on his word of pardon.
(éπ~N’-≤ƒh-†E ņo´÷ô†’ Åûªúø’ E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.)
5) We demanded that the raise of wages
from a back date.
(§ƒûª ûËD †’ç* ¢Ëûª-Ø√©’ °çîª-´’E úÕ´÷çú˛ îÁ°æpôç. (؈’ îª÷úø-éπ-§Ú-´ôç àN’öÀ? éπ*aûªçí¬
î˨»ç.)
Back date = í∫ûªç™ äéπ ®ÓV/ ûËC.
a) Raju wanted the teacher to issue him a cer-
(§ƒûªûË-C ¢ËÆœ† ÆæJd-°∂œ-Èéö¸ É´y-´’E ®√V öÃîª-®˝†’ v°æ-¨¡o: éÀç-C-¢√-öÀéÀ -ûË-ú≈ -ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ.
tificate with a back date.
éÓ®√úø’.)
b) Kumari issued a cheque carrying a back
date.
(èπ◊´÷J §ƒûªûËDûÓ Ö†o îÁé˙†’ É*açC.)
6) They wanted to avoid paying us back
wages .
(§ƒûªûËD †’ç* ¢Ëûª†ç É´yôç áíÌ_-ö«d-©E ņ’-
èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.back wages = (Back date †’ç* Å´’-
™„j† @-ûªç •é¬-®·©’.)
a) The court struck down his removal from ser-
vice and ordered the company to pay him
back wages.
(ÅûªúÕE ÖüÓuí∫ç †’ç* ûÌ©-Tç-îªôç éÓ®Ω’d éÌõ‰d-
ÆœçC; @-ûªç •é¬-®·-©†’ îÁLxç-îª-´’çC.)
b) He spent the back wages on his daughter's
marriage.
(ûª† @ûªç •é¬-®·-©ûÓ èπÿûª’J °Rx î˨»úø’.)
7) back number =
back number
äéπ °ævAéπ í∫ûª Ææç*-éπ†’ Åçö«ç.
a) I came across your photo in one of the back
numbers of the magazine.
(Ç °ævAé𠧃ûªÆæç*-éπ© äéπü∆ØÓx F§∂Òö îª÷¨»†’.)
b) Kumar could not get the back number of the
magazine.
( English ™ ؈éπ®Ω’, ÊÆ´-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®√n-©ûÓ atten-
-´÷uí∫-@-Ø˛ §ƒûªÆæç*éπ- èπ◊´÷-®˝èπ◊ áéπ\ú≈ üÌ®Ω-éπ-
™‰ü¿’.)
Exercise
Match the words under A with their meanings
under B
A B
1) Rural A) small
2) quiet B) of villages
3) harm C) calm
4) polite D) hurt
5) minute E) simple
F) courteous
G) complicated
Key: 1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.F; 5.A.
1
-v°æ¨¡o: i) Shopping ÅØË °æü¿ç ᙫ °æ¤-öÀdç-C?
ii) I saw/ I did see ™x àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
iii) Miss, Mister, Mrs °æü∆-©èπ◊ plural îÁ°æpçúÕ.
–-Å-L-¨Î-öÀd ≤ƒy-N’-ü∆Æˇ, -A-§ƒp-ߪ’°æ-Lx, éπ-Kç-†í∫®˝.
ï¢√•’: i) shop Åçõ‰ ü¿’é¬ùç éπü∆. ü¿’é¬ùç/
Åçí∫öx ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ éÌçö«ç 鬕öÀd shopping
Åçö«ç. a) shop = ü¿’é¬ùç/ Åçí∫úÕ
b) shop = ü¿’é¬-ùç™E ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ é̆úøç.
a) I bought these things at/ in that shop =
Ç ü¿’é¬-ùç™ Ñ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ éÌØ√o.
b) Only when we have money we can shop =
úø•’s-†o-°æ¤púË ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ é̆-í∫©ç.
ii) Miss, Mrs, Mr. - OöÀéÀ plural Ê°®Ωxèπ◊ ´·çü¿’
¢√úø®Ω’. ¢√úø-éπç™ ™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË Mr èπ◊ plural
Messrs ÅE ÖçC. é¬E DEE M/s í¬ com-
pany © Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ – ÅC èπÿú≈ company ©
Ê°®Ω’x ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ω’xí¬ Öçõ‰ØË ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
eg: M/s Gopal and Krishna, M/s Syamlal &
Sons, Company
™«çöÀN. Ê°®Ω’x,
Messrs
´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ωx™ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’
iii) I saw, I did see -
¢√úøç. È®çúø÷
correct. I saw (the movie last
night) = I did see
؈’ îª÷¨»†’.
(the movie...) = ؈’ îª÷¨»†’ ÅE ØÌéÀ\
îª÷¨»†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)
I did see him go out = Åûª†’ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡xôç
؈’ îª÷¨»†’ – îª÷úøôç ߪ’ü∆®Ωnç.
1. Passenger - traveller
2. Attender - Attendant
ï¢√•’: Traveller ÅØ√o passenger ÅØ√o ûÁ©’-
– Èé. Å°æp-©-Ææ÷J, N¨»-ê-°æôoç
í∫’™ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Traveller
Åçõ‰ ûª®Ωîª÷ v°æߪ÷-ù«©’ îËÊÆ-¢√úø’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
English ™ áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈
´÷´‚-©’í¬ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
Passenger Åçõ‰ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úË. Å®·ûË àüÁjØ√
v°æߪ÷ù ≤ƒüµ¿†ç (car, bus, train) ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™x
v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅE. ÉC î√™« ´·êu¢Á’i† ûËú≈. pas-
senger á°æ¤púø÷ v°æߪ÷ù ≤ƒüµ¿-†ç™ ÅD ûª†’
drive îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ ÉçÈé-´-È®jØ√ drive îËÊÆ ¢√£æ«-†ç™
¢Á∞Ïx ¢√úøE Å®Ωnç.
Passengers Åçü¿®Ω÷ travellers é¬F travellers
Åçü¿®Ω÷ passengers 鬆-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆.
ii) Attendant Åçõ‰ ؈éπ®Ω’. shops, parking
areas (¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ EL-Ê°-îÓô’x–•£œ«-®Ωçí∫ v°æüË-¨»™x)
customers èπ◊ ÊÆ´-©ç-CçîË ¢√∞¡⁄x, íÌ°æp £æ«Ùü∆™x
Ö†o-¢√--∞¡Ÿx, ´·Ææ-L-¢√-∞¡Ÿx ´uéÀh-í∫ûª¢Á’i† ÊÆ´-©ç-Cç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx
(ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÊÆ´-èπ◊©’) attendants.
Å®·ûË Â°j Å®ΩnçûÓ India ™ attender ÅØË ´÷ô
¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. é¬F standard spoken or written
der ÅØË ´÷ô ¢√úø®Ω’. äéπ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ £æ…ï®Ω’
(attend) ÅßË’-u¢√-∞¡xØË attenders Åçö«®Ω’ stan-
dard English ™.
a) She is a regular attender at these music
concerts =
Ñ §ƒô éπîË-K-©èπ◊ Ç¢Á’ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-
èπ◊çú≈ £æ…ï-®Ω-´¤-ûª’çC.
b) There wasn't any attendant to take care of
the blind passenger = Ç Åçüµ¿ v°æߪ÷-ùÀèπ◊úÕE
îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-ú≈-EéÀÈé´®Ω÷ ؈éπ®Ω’/ ÊÆ´-èπ◊úø’ ™‰úø’.
(á´J Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ØË v°æߪ÷ùç î˨»úø’)
c) Blind passengers are allowed to take an
attendant free on the train =
Åçüµ¿ v°æߪ÷-
ùÀèπ◊©’ ûª´’ Å´-Ææ-®√-©†’ îª÷Ææ’èπ◊ØË ¢√JE È®j∞¡x™
Ö*-ûªçí¬ BÆæ’Èé∞¡x´îª’a .
- M. SURESAN