-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 11 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Vittal: There are three books on the table.

One of them, of course is mine. Whose
É°æ¤púø’ English ™ ´·êuçí¬ spoken English ™
are the other two?
´îËa sentence structure †’ îª÷ü∆lç. Ñ lesson
™ There ûÓ, It ûÓ begin ÅßË’u sentences îª÷ü∆lç.
(Table O’ü¿ ´‚úø’ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-© ’-Ø√o®·.
There, it - Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ ´÷´‚©’ Å®√n©’ ´’†èπ◊
¢√öÀ™ äéπöÀ Ø√ü¿-†’éÓ. N’í∫û√ È®çúø÷ ûÁ©’Ææ’. There = Åéπ\úø; It = ÅC/ ÉC. Å®·ûË
English ™ There †’, it †’ ¢√öÀèπ◊çúË Å®√n-©ûÓ
á´-JN?)
Venkat: How do I know? There are no names é¬èπ◊çú≈ sentence v§ƒ®ΩçGµçîªú≈-EéÀ î√™« áèπ◊\-´í¬
written anywhere in the books. ¢√úøû√ç. É™« ¢√öÀûÓ sentence v§ƒ®ΩçGµçîªú≈-EéÀ
(Ø√È陫 ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC?/ Ø√Íéç ûÁ©’Ææ’? ¢√úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀéÀ, Åçõ‰ there èπ◊ Åéπ\úø ÅE, it èπ◊
°æ¤Ææh-鬙x áéπ\ú≈ à Ê°®Ω÷x ®√Æœ-™‰´¤.) ÅC/ ÉC ÅE Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’. ÜJÍé sentence
Vittal: It is clear someone has left them here. v§ƒ®Ω綵«EéÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T≤ƒhç.
Weren't there some of our friends here 3) It would be useless to try. e) There would be a problem, if he were
Eg: Q: How many books are here?
this morning? A: There are four books here. îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. There ûÓ, It ûÓ begin ÅßË’u sen- here =
(á´®Ó Ç È®çúø’ °æ¤Ææh鬩-†’ Ééπ\úø ´CL tences. ¢√úÕ-éπ\úø Öçõ‰ Ææ´’ÊÆu. (¢√úø’ ™‰úø’, Ææ´’Ææu
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆? Ø√©’í∫’ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ÖØ√o®· Ééπ\úø/
¢Á∞«x-®ΩE ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC. ´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’©’ Ééπ\úø Ø√©’í∫’ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ÖØ√o®· ÅE îÁ°æpú≈-EéÀ, 1) There are three books on the table - ™‰ü¿’- Improbable present)
éÌçü¿®Ω’ -É-¢√y--∞¡ §Òü¿’l†o Ééπ\úø ÖØ√o®Ω’ there ûÓ begin î˨»ç sentence †’. Ééπ\úø there table O’ü¿ ´‚úø’ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’Ø√o®·. f) There was not (wasn't) any book here.
éπü∆?) èπ◊ Åéπ\úø ÅE Å®Ωnç ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰, sentence Öçúøü¿’. Ééπ\úø ÉüË meaning ´îËaô’x, Three books are (Ééπ\úË °æ¤Ææhéπç ™‰ü¿’- Negative sentence)
Venkat: Yea. I now remember. Harish and on the table ņ-´îª’a. Grammatically correct.
g) There was expensive furniture in the
Åéπ\úø 4 °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ÖØ√o®· Ééπ\úø– DEéÀ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’.
Nikhil were here. There were books in Åçü¿’-éπE sentence é¬ü¿’. Åçõ‰ there †’ É™«çöÀ é¬F spoken English ™ ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ sen- room, wasn't there? (Question Tag
Nikhil's hands. The books must be his. Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x sentence v§ƒ®ΩçGµçîªú≈-EéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ tence í¬ É™«çöÀ sentence Å®Ω’ü¿’. Ñ éÀçC
™
there furniture
There isn't any doubt about it. ¢√úøû√ç. Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ņ-´îª’a. – Ç ®Ω÷ç™ î√™« êK-üÁj†
It èπÿú≈ ÅçûË. Kumar brought five books. (of them = ¢√öÀ™ )
(Å´¤†’. É°æ¤púø’ Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-≤ÚhçC. £æ«K≠ˇ, ÖçC éπü∆?)
E"™¸ Ééπ\-úø’-Ø√o®Ω’. Nikhil îËA™ °æ¤Ææh-é¬- It is easy to under- Three books are on the í∫´’-Eçî√ç éπü∆? There, Åçõ‰ Introductory
©’Ø√o®·. Ç °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ E"-™¸¢Ë Åߪ·uç- stand it - It
Ééπ\úø ¢Á·ü¿öÀ table/ three (of them/ of there ÉEo Nüµ∆™« ¢√úø-´îª’a.
ú≈L. ÆæçüË-£æ«ç-™‰ü¿’.) sentence v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-ú≈-EÍé the) books are on the Introductory 'It'- Åçõ‰ It ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵º´’ßË’u
Vittal: When will he come again? Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tçî√ç. (ÅC Å®Ωnç table. Brackets ™ sentences èπÿú≈ É™«Íí ÅEo tenses ûÓ†÷,
(´’S} á°æ¤p-úÌ-≤ƒhúø’ ¢√úø’?)
Venkat: It's doubtful if he will come here today,
îËÆæ’éÓ-´úøç Ææ’©¶µºç) ü∆EéÀ
v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç àç ™‰ü¿’. -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 356
Ö†oN ÅØ√o äéπõ,‰ ņ-éπ-
§Ú-®·Ø√ äéπõ.‰
negative ™, questions ûÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T≤ƒhç. ÅC ´îËa
lesson ™ îª÷ü∆lç.
or even tomor- EXERCISE
row. There was Match the words
some talk about
his going out of
town to play a
Ther e isn't any doubt about it under A, with their
meanings under B.
The words in the exer-
match. cise are some of the
(Åûª†’ -É-¢√y--∞¡, a) There is going to be trouble again most frequently used words in spoken English.
Í®°æ¤ èπÿú≈ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ®√´úøç ÆæçüË-£æ«¢Ë’. àüÓ É™« there †’, it †’ sentence ´’Sx Ææ´’Ææu©’ Öçúø¶-ûª’-Ø√o®·. A B
match Çúøö«-EéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-†oô’d Ææ´÷-î √®Ωç.) v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µ«-EéÀ ¢√úøôç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç: b) Weren't there ten students there 1. Absolute A. Tiny
Vittal: You'd better put it away till he returns. Look at the following sentences yesterday? =
2. Booze B. Amusing
There is always a chance of the books from the dialogue above:
3. Comical C. Show
E†o Åéπ\úø °æC´’çC Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©’-
being misplaced. 1) There are three books on the
4. Exhibit D. Protest
Ø√o®√?/ ÖØ√o®Ω’ éπü∆?
table. É™«çöÀ there †’, ví¬çC∑-éπçí¬
(¢√úø’ AJT´îËa´®Ωèπÿ Ç °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ 5. Minute E. Yield
2) There are no names written any Introductory there
F. Get drunk
Åçö«ç.
ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öç. ¢√öÀE ´’S} ´’†ç áéπ\úÓ M.SURESAN
where in the books. (Sentence †’ Introduce îËÆæ ’hçC
°õ‰d Å´-é¬-¨»©’ á°æ¤púø÷ Öçö«®·.) G. Complete
Venkat: I have gone through some of the 3) There were books in Nikhil's hands. 鬕öÀd) -D-E-E à Tense ™ØÁjØ√, à number ANSWERS
4) There isn't any doubt about it. singular or plural ™ØÁjØ√, question tag ™ØÁjØ√
pages of the books. One of them inter- 1. G ( °æ‹Jhí¬– Absolute right to the property-
ested me a lot. There is a well of infor- 5) There is always a chance of the books being
¢√úøû√ç. Negative sentences èπÿú≈ there ûÓ ÇÆœhéÀ °æ‹Jh-£æ«èπ◊\).
begin îËߪ’-´îª’a.
mation in the pages of the books. misplaced. 2. F (ûª°æp-û√-í∫ôç)
c) There will be six or seven people waiting
6) There is a well of information in its pages. 3. B (£æ…Ææu-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†/ †´¤y °æ¤öÀdçîË)
(؈’ Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©†’ éÌçûª´®Ωèπÿ îªC-¢√†’. for you at the station.
there sentences. 4. C (v°æü¿-Jzç-îªôç)
wait Future)
¢√öÀ™ äéπöÀ Ø√èπ◊ ÇÆæéÀh éπL-Tç-*çC. Ç Â°j´Fo èπÿú≈ ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵º´’ßË’u (FéÓÆæç ÇÍ®-úø’-í∫’®Ω’ îËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’–
°æ¤Ææhéπç Ê°@™x Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç î√™« ÖçC.) Now look at the sentences beginning with d) There would have been no problem, if 5. A. (Minute- Ééπ\úø pronunciation- ¢Á’i†÷uö¸–
Well of information = Ææ´÷-î √®Ωç áèπ◊\-´í¬ 'it' in the dialogue above: you had told us earlier of it. †÷u– ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç/ American- ¢Á’i†÷ö¸ =
Öçúøôç. Well Åçõ‰ ¶«N éπü∆? Ææ´÷-î√-®Ω°æ¤ 1) It is clear some one has left them there. ( -
Ææ´’Ææu ÖçúË-C-é¬ü¿’, †’´¤y ´·çüË îÁ°œp Öçõ‰ Ææ÷éπ~ t-¢Á’i†. minute particles = Ææ÷éπ~ t-éπ-ù«©’)
¶«N ÅE. 2) It is doubtful if he will come again. Imaginary Past)
Vittal: Why don't we call him and tell him to
take his books away.
Venkat: It'd be useless to try. Only yesterday ï¢√•’: 2) îÁ°æpéπ§Ú®·† time ûÁLߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË: -v°æ-¨¡o: †ç•®˝ Åçõ‰ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ number
he lost his cell. I don't have his home i) I have a pen negative I
éÀ If Ihaven't told you, I'm sorry ÅE ®√≤ƒhç éπü∆? ´’J ü∆Eo
number. Do you have it? have not a pen ÅE ņç. eg: 1) A: Why didn't you tell me
≥ƒ®˝dí¬ ®√Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’ 'No' ÅE
Spoken British English of it yesterday.
áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’?
-v°æ-¨¡o: I have a pen éÀ ØÁÈí-öÀ¢˛ I have
(Ç v°æߪ’ûªoç E®Ω’-°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. E-†o-ØË Åûª†’ ™
ï¢√•’: Å´¤†’. Number èπ◊ abbre-
cell §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. ÅûªE ÉçöÀ number negative short form I – öÀ. ®ΩOç-ü¿®˝, ÅC-™«-¶«ü˛
B: Didn't I? I am sorry
™
not a pen I haven't a pen
then/ Oh, If I didn't tell
Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?/ F ņ-´î√a? ™‰éπ éπ®ΩÍéd.
viation (short form) No. No
ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çü∆?) have no pen, I don't have a ii) I have no pen- grammatically you, I'm sorry. number abbrevi-
Vittal: I don't have it. pen He has two sis- correct but rarely used in
ÅØËC èπ◊ ᙫ
2) A: You haven't told me of it.
ÅØ√™«? ation
ters He has not spoken English.
Å´¤-ûª’çC ÅØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ææp≠æd-
Venkat: Then let's wait till he comes back. èπ◊ ØÁÈí-öÀ¢˛
two sisters He B: If I haven't, I'm sorry. ¢Á’i† N´-®Ωù É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπÿ àD
(Å®·ûË Åûª†’ ´îËa-ü∆é¬ îª÷ü∆lç.) ņ-´î√a? iii) I don't have a pen- American
doesn't have two sisters 3) Had I not told you, please
™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË áèπ◊\´ Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç
form and now most widely §ÒçC† N´-®Ωù ÉD: Latin
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ excuse me. Had I not told
used negative. This is the
ÅØ√™«? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. ¶µ«≠æ™ Number -†’ Numero
´’†ç É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ spoken English ™ î√™«  ví¬´’®˝ Ææ÷vû√™x if clause ™ you, is wrong here.
best of the three forms. Åçö«®Ω’. Ñ ´÷ô-™E ¢Á·ü¿öÀ
´·êu-¢Á’i†, î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ´îËa prepositions ûÁ©’-Ææ’- Had I not told you, you would

(Because, Had I not told you
Åéπ~®Ωç N, *´J Åéπ~®Ωç, 'o' éπLÆœ,
not have gone there.
؈’ îÁ°œp Öçúøéπ§ÚûË = If I had told you = I had told No ÅE Number èπ◊ abbrevia-
èπ◊Ø√oç. ¢√öÀ Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E, ¶«í¬ é¬F ؈’
practice îËߪ’úøç î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Prepositions
éπ~N’çîªçúÕ– DEéÀ correct you. tion Å®·ç-ü¿E (Mister ™E
îÁ°œp Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-®·-†-ôx-®·ûË éπ~N’ç- ؈’ îÁ°œp Öçúøéπ
îªçúÕ Å†o Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ Had I not English ™ –
¢√úøéπç ûÁLÊÆh, 50% conversational skill ´*a-†õ‰d. §Úߪ·çõ‰– DE Å®Ωnç– îÁ§ƒp†’ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ Åéπ~®Ωç M, *´J Åéπ~®Ωç r
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ prepositions í∫’-Jç-* -îÁ°œp-† lessons told you, please excuse me 1) Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd îÁ°æpéπ§Ú®·†
time ûÁLÊÆh: If I didn't tell you,
ÅØË éπü∆. Å°æ¤púø’, excuse v°æ¨Ïo éπLÆœ, Mr, Mister èπ◊ abbrevia-
(from lesson No. 321 onwards) ´’Sx-´’Sx îªCN ņ-´î√a? ™‰ü¿’.) tion Å®·-†ô’x).
please excuse me.
practice îËߪ’çúÕ. – á. éπ%≠æg-U-û√-®Ω’b†, Eúø-ü¿-¢Ó©’

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm