-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 20 -¢Ë’ 2008
Prachand: Cases had been booked against
erring gas distributors, said the
Director civil supplies authority.
(Åvéπ-´÷©èπ◊ äúÕí∫-úø’-ûª’†o gas °æç°œ-ùÃ-üΔ-
®Ω’© O’ü¿ case ©’ °ôdúøç ïJ-Tç-ü¿-Ø√o®Ω’
§˘®Ω Ææ®Ω-°∂æ-®√© ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’©’.)
erring = ûª°æ¤p îËÆæ’h†o;
error = ûª°æ¤p/ §Ò®Ω-¶«ô’
Prabhat: India boasts of making progress and
still we are starved for cooking gas.
What a pity!
(¶μ«®Ωû˝ àüÓ °æ¤®Ó-í∫-N’-≤Úhç-ü¿E íÌ°æp©’
îÁ°æ¤p-èπ◊çö«ç. Å®·ûË ´’†ç ´çô gas èπ◊
èπÿú≈ É•sçC °æúø’-ûª’Ø√oç. áçûª ü¿’®Ω-
ü¿%≠ædç.)
starve = AçúÕ ™‰éπ °æÆæ’hç-úøôç
starve of something = üËE-éπØ√o éÌ®Ωûª Öçúøôç
pity = ñ«L; Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠d-éæ π®Ωç.
It's a pity that he hasn't been selected= Åûªúø’
áç°œéπ é¬éπ-§Ú-´úøç ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠d-éæ π®Ωç/ Nî√-®Ω-éπ®Ωç
Prachand: India has definitely progressed, no
doubt, and is progressing. But the
reality is far short of the hype about
the progress.
the r eality is far shor t of the hype
(¶μ«®Ωû˝ ÅGμ-
´%Cl¥ ≤ƒCμç-
*çC, ≤ƒCμ-
≤ÚhçC èπÿú≈.
Å®·ûË üΔEo
í∫’Jç* v°æî√®Ωç
éπçõ‰ ¢√Ææh´ç î√™« ûªèπ◊\¢Ë.)
reality = ¢√Ææh´ç
far short of = î√™« ûªèπ◊\´
His marks are far short of his father's
expectations = marks
Åûªúø’ ûÁa-èπ◊†o ÅûªúÕ
ûªçvúÕ ÇPç-*† üΔE éπçõ‰ î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.
Prabhat: Look at this. The gallup poll on the
Karnataka elections predicts a clear
majority for the BJP, according to this
newspaper.
(ÉC îª÷úø’. éπ®√g-ôéπ áEo-éπ© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Prachand: Let's wait and see. (¢Ë* îª÷üΔlç.)
ïJ-T† gallup poll v°æ鬮Ωç, BJP éÀ Ææp≠æd- Prabhat: That's all we can do.
¢Á’i† ¢Á’ñ«-Jöà ´Ææ’hç-ü¿E Ñ °ævAéπ
éπü∑¿†ç.)
Poll Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπüΔ v°æñ«-Gμ-v§ƒßª’ç, ´·êuçí¬ °∂æ-®√-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç* ¢√úË °æü¿-ñ«-™«Eo É°æ¤púø’ éÌçûª
áèπ◊\´ v°æï© ¶μ«¢√Lo v°æA-Gç-Gç-îª-í∫© ã ´®Ω_ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çüΔç. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ report îËÊÆ NüμΔ†ç èπÿú≈
ÅGμ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷©’/ Å™«çöÀ ÅGμ-v§ƒ-ߪ’-ÊÆ-éπ-®Ωù.
The polls = áEo-éπ©’
Q. Åéπ-úø-N’é˙/ §ÚöÃ °æK-éπ~™x
Ö°æßÁ÷í∫°æúË éÀçC °æüΔ-©èπ◊
Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’.
analyse, contrast, describe,
comment, compare, illus-
trate, elucidate, enumerate,
trace, elaborate, discuss,
argue, differentiate,evalu-
ate, examine, assess, on what, in what, for
what, explain, bringout, point out, outline,
interpret, give an account, determine, char-
acterise, review, to what, substantiate, criti-
cally evaluate, summaries, categorise.
- K.P.V. Rao, Vizag
A.
Analyse = N¨Ïx-≠œç-îªúøç Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç
v°æA Å稻Eo èπ~◊ùoçí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ´úøç/ N´-
Jç-îªúøç.
Contrast = È®çúÕç-öÀ-èπ◊†o ûËú≈©’ °æJ-Q-Lç-
îªúøç. X Compare = §ÚL-éπ©’ ûÁ-©’°æúøç;
Illustrate = ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ (≤ÚüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ùçí¬)
ûÁ-©’°æúøç;
Describe= ´Jgç-îªúøç.
Elucidate = Explain = Elaborate = N´-Jç-
îªúøç/ ÆæN-´-®Ωçí¬/ ÆæN-Ææh-®Ωçí¬ ûÁ-©’°æúøç=
bringout.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
The nation is going to the polls next year =
´îËa Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç ñ«A ¢Á·ûªhç áEo-éπ™x §ƒ™Ô_-†-
¶-ûÓçC.
Prachand: But the exit polls point to a neck and
neck race between BJP and BSP.
Not always do these polls prove to
be correct.
(Å®·ûË exit polls BJP, BSP ©èπ◊
üΔüΔ°æ¤ Ææ´÷-†-¢Á’i† seats ®√´-îªaE
-ûÁ-©’°æ¤ûª’-Ø√o®·. Ñ ÅGμ-v§ƒßª’ ÊÆéπ-®Ω-ù©’
ÅEo Ææ´’-ߪ÷-™x†÷ ÆæJ-鬴¤.)
exit= -•-ߪ’-ôèπ◊ ®√-´-úøç Look at the following sentences from the dia-
logue above:
Ñ N°æ-ûª\®Ω °æJ-Æœnûª’™x ´’†´’çû√ -âéπuçí¬
Prabhat: Any way the congress is going to
have the worst of it all. 1) Cases had been booked against erring gas Öçú≈-©E v°æüμΔ-†-´’çvA ñ«AéÀ Nïc°œh î˨»®Ω’.
distributor, said the civil supplies authorities. crisis= N°æûª’h/ Ç°æü¿. (wÈéjÆ œÆˇ)– Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈
(àü¿-®·-ûËØËç congress ÅEoöx Åüμ¿´’ 2) But the reality is far short of the hype about í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ, appealed the prime minister ÅE
ÆœnA™ ÖçC.) the progress. ¢√éπuç *´®Ω, á´®Ω’ îÁ°œpçD ®√´úøç.
Prachand: The intelligence agencies have their 3) The gallup poll on the Karnataka elections 2) But the reality is far short of the hype
own estimate of the results. predict a clear majority for the BJP.
Reality = ¢√Ææh´ç, hype = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo/ ´Ææ’h-
4) But the exit polls point to a neck and neck
race between the BJP and the BSP.
´¤†’/ ûªßª÷-KE/ äéπ ´uéÀh íÌ°æp-ûª-Ø√Eo/ ÆœE-´÷†’
1) ...., said the civil supplies authority. í∫’Jç* áçûÓ °∂æ’†çí¬, ™‰E íÌ°æp-ûª-Ø√Eo
Civil supplies authority= §˘®Ω Ææ®Ω-°∂æ-®√© ÅCμ-é¬J/ Åçôí∫úø’ûª÷ îÁ°æpúøç/ N¨Ï≠æ v°æî√®Ωç îËߪ’úøç/
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù
457 §˘®Ω Ææ®Ω-°∂æ®√ ߪ’çvû√çí∫ç– Ration Gߪ’uç, éÀ®Ó-ÆœØ˛ Ç®√s¥ôç îËߪ’úøç.
™«çöÀ Ææ®Ω’èπ◊-© °æç°œùà ´u´Ææn. a) Inspite of all the media hype, I found the
movie dull= O’úÕߪ÷ (¢√®√h
magazines, TV
°ævA-éπ©’,
channels, etc.,) áçûª
íÌ°æpí¬ v°æî√®Ωç îËÆœØ√/ îËÆœ-
†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Ø√èπ◊ ´÷vûªç -Ç
ÆœE´÷ îÁûªh-í¬ØË ÖçC.
b) There's always a lot of hype in India about the
(v°æ¶μº’ûªy í∫÷úμø- ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ´’†ç á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ îÁ§ƒp-®ΩE children of those in high offices. For example,
English ™ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, He/ She said ÅE v§ƒ®Ωç-
î√®Ω ´®√_©’, look at that hype about Rahul Gandhi =
¢√∞¡x ÅçîªØ√ Gμ≤ƒhç. üΔE ûª®√yûª ¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁ°œp† N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo indi- ¶μ«®Ω-û˝™ íÌ°æp °æü¿-´¤™x Ö†o-¢√∞¡x °œ©x-© í∫’-Jç-*
¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’- rect speech ™ ûÁ©’-°æ¤û√ç. Å®·ûË newspaper
Ø√o®Ω’.) áçûÓ íÌ°æpí¬ v°æî√®Ωç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. ®√£æ›™¸ í¬çDμ
™ î√™«-´-®Ωèπ◊, N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ´·çü¿®Ω îÁ°œp, ûª®√yûª
í∫’Jç* ïJÍí °∂æ’† v°æî√®Ωç DEéÓ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ωù.
Prabhat: I wonder he/ she said ÅØÓ said he/ she ÅØÓ ûª®Ω-í¬
what's going
à §ƒKdéÀ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç à®Ωp-JîË ¢Á’ñ«-Jöà ®√éπ-§Ú-´-îªaE,
Gallup polls ñÆæuç. Hung assembly/ parlia-
éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.
to happen in M.SURESAN a) The government is doing every thing to ment = ÅÂÆçHx/ parliament ™ à §ƒKdéÀ v°æ¶μº’-
Telengana. contain inflation, assured Mr
û√yEo à®Ωp-JîË majority ®√éπ-§Ú-´úøç. Å°æ¤púø’ éÌEo
(ûÁ©ç-í¬-ù™ àç ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ûÓç-ü¿-ØËC ÇÆæ-éÀh- Chidambaram, union finance minister. §ƒKd© éπ©-®·éπûÓ ÆæçéîΩg (coalition) v°æ¶μº’ûªyç à®Ωp-
éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’.) (îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπüΔ, N≠æߪ’ç ´·çü¿®Ω îÁ°œp, *´®Ω úø’-ûª’çC. É°æ¤púø’ Íéçvü¿ç™ UPA ™«çöÀC.
á´®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp®Ó ûÁ-©’°æ-úøç) = vü¿¢Óu-©s-ù«Eo Åü¿’- 4) The exit polls point to ...
°æ¤™éÀ ûÁîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç îËߪ’-´-©-Æœç-ü¿™«x Exit polls èπÿú≈ äéπ ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† survey. Gallup
(´’†ç îËߪ’-í∫-L-Tç-ü¿çûË.) îËÆæ’hç-ü¿E, Íéçvü¿ ÇJnéπ ´’çvA *ü¿ç-•®Ωç £æ…O’ polls áEo-éπ©’ ïJ-Íí-´·çü¿’ E®Ωy-£œ«-≤ƒh®Ω’. Exit
Newspapers ™ áEo-éπ-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç*, §˘®Ω Ææ®Ω- Éî√a®Ω’. polls áEo-éπ© ®ÓV†, ãô’¢ËÆœ •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ´Ææ’h†o
É™«çöÀ sentences ™ sequence of tenses ¢√JE, ¢√È®-´-JéÀ ãô’ ¢Ë¨»®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E, °∂æL-û√-©†’
Åçûªí¬ §ƒöÀç-îª-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. ÅçîªØ√ ¢ËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ïJÊ° ÅGμ-v§ƒßª’ ÊÆéπ-®Ωù.
b) We should stand united in this moment of
°ævA-éπ™x v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† °æü¿l¥-A™ Öçúøôç í∫´’-E≤ƒhç. ÅC Exit = •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ®√´úøç. •ßª’-ô-éÌ-îËa-¢√J ÅGμ-
ûÁLÊÆh ´’†ç newspaper Ææ’©-¶μºçí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫©ç. crisis, appealed the prime minister to the
v§ƒßª’ ÊÆéπ-®Ωù 鬕öÀd DEo exit poll Åçö«ç.
nation=
2) When he saw his sister, he felt happy =
Discuss= Argue = îªJaç-îªúøç, Q. When, while – Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥Lo N´-Jç- îÁ™„xLo îª÷úø-í¬ØË ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-ú≈fúø’.
Comment = ¢√uë«u-Eç-îªúøç; îªí∫-©®Ω’.
1 a) I saw her when she was going out. 'While' refers to a period (äéπ Æ洒ߪ’ç Åç-û√)
Enumerate = äéÌ\-éπ\-öÀí¬ äéπ-üΔE í∫’ù«-©†’/
b) I saw her while she was going out- 1) While I was watching the TV, he was
studying seriously = TV
Å稻-©†’ ûÁ-©’°æúøç
2 a) He was studying when she was cooking. ؈’ îª÷Ææ’h†o Ææ´’-
Differentiate = ûËú≈©’ N´-Jç-îªúøç.
b) When he was studying, she was cooking. ߪ’ç™ (Ç Ææ-´’ߪ’ç ¢Á·ûªhç) Å-ûª-úø’ îªü¿’-´¤ûª÷
Evaluate = Assess = ÅçîªØ√ ¢Ëߪ’úøç; ÖØ√oúø’ – ÉC continuous.
àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? - KS Krishna Metpalli
Examine = °æJ-Q-Lç-îªúøç, 2) While she was busy (during the time she
A. When = at/ during the time that something
Point out = îª÷°œç-îªúøç; was busy), he was chatting with his friends
happens =
Trace = äéπ ´%û√hçûªç NNüμ¿ °æJ-ù«-´÷-©†’
äéπ-°æE ïJ-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’/ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ Ö†o =
Ç¢Á’ ûª† °æE™ BJ-éπ-™‰E Æ洒ߪ’ç Åçû√
Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™.
ûÁ-©’°æúøç; Åûª-úø’ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©ûÓ éπ•’®√xúø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
While = During the time that something hap-
Outline= ô÷éÃí¬ N´-Jç-îªúøç; Q. Prosthodontia, Denture Åçõ‰
àN’ö
pens= äéπ-°æE ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ Ö†o Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™.
Give an account of = ´%û√hçûªç ûÁ-©’°æúøç;
ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
While, when-
- Ratna kishore, Hyderabad
È®çúø÷ üΔüΔ°æ¤ äéπõ‰ ÅE ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC
Review = ÆæO’-éÀ~ç-îªúøç, while continuous
A.
éπüΔ. Å®·ûË †’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ Prosthodontia =
Interpret = ´’†èπ◊ ûÓ*† Nüμ¿çí¬ N´-Jç-îªúøç; action sentences
èπ◊ ¢√-úø-û√ç. O’J-*a† È®çúø’ éπô’dúø’ °æ∞¡Ÿx Å´’-®Ωaúøç.
Prosthodonties, Periodontal, periodontology-
Determine = E®Ωl¥-Jç-îª-úøç; èπÿú≈ correct.
highly
1 a) I saw her when she was going out =
Characterise = ©éπ~-ù«-©†’ ûÁ-©’°æúøç; Ç¢Á’ É´Fo èπÿú≈ ü¿çûª ¢ÁjüΔu-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*†
technical °æüΔ©’.Spoken English ™
In what/ To what/ For what - É´Fo °æ‹Jh •ßª’-ô-Èé-Rx-†-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ îª÷¨»†’. (¢Á∞¡x-úøç îª÷¨»†’)
b) I saw her while she was going out = Ç¢Á’ ¢√úËN鬴¤. OöÀ Å®√n-©èπ◊ medical dictionary
¢√é¬u-Eo-•-öÀd-í¬F Å®Ωnç é¬-´¤. îª÷úøçúÕ.
Substantiate = E®Ω÷-°œç-îªúøç (ÇüμΔ-®√-©ûÓ)
•ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞¡Ÿ-ûª÷ Öçúøí¬ Øˆ’ îª÷¨»†’.
2) Both are correct. Å®·ûË Ñ È®çúø’ sen- Denture (O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ-†ô’x DUTURE é¬ü¿’)= éπ%vA´’
Critically evaluate = N´’-®Ωz-Ø√-ûªt-éπçí¬ °æ†’o – Acrylic ûÓé¬-F metal ûÓé¬-F îËÆœ-†N. Ñ
tences ™†÷, when •ü¿’©’ while better.
When referes to particular point of time.
ÅçîªØ√ ¢Ëߪ’úøç ®ÓV™x Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i† °æ∞¡x ®Ωçí∫’†’ §ÚL† °œçí¬ùÃ
Summarise = véÓúŒ-éπ-Jç-îªúøç/ Ææçví∫-£æ«çí¬ 1) When I knocked at his door, his dog éπ%vA´’ °æ∞¡Ÿx üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’-Ø√o®·. ÉN N’T-L† Ææ£æ«-ï-
ûÁ-©’°æúøç barked = Åûª-úÕ ûª©’°æ¤ ؈’ ûªöÀd†°æ¤púø’ Å-ûª-úÕ ¢Á’i† °æ∞¡x†’ §ÚL Öçö«®·.
Categorise = ûÁí∫-©’í¬ N¶μº->ç-îªúøç. èπ◊éπ\ ¢Á·J-TçC. (Ç éπ~-ùç™)