aeYpGJ ... 21.11.

2006

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--------------------

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t&mESpfckxGufvmMuavonf/ wckum; ywjrm; ...usefwckum; axmifxaeaom vD;BuD;xdyfrS uGrf;oD;
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...tck bdkifjywfwmeJYa&mif;pm;wm }}
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vdk;Edkifap&ef twGif;tm;tenf;i,fudk rsKd;vif;\ausmjyifrSwqifYxnfhay;vdkufavonf/
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awmYonf/ zefaSmufcifvnf; 0rf;omoGmum olYudk,folrdwfqufavonf .../
]] rremrnfu zefaSmufcifyg? olaX;BuD;zef&JUorD;aygY }} (apmifNcKHxk\ZeD;[k rajymay)
]] [kwfuJY uRefawmfu rsKd;vif;yg? jrefrmjynfuvmwm ...}}
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]] b,fvdkvJ rdef;r tvkyfrjzpfbl;vm; ...jyefvmwm apmom;yJ }}
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'dkifvlBuD;rsm;u toifYjyif[kajymNyD; pnfoHMum;vQif yef;xkwf&rnfjzpfaMumif;ajymum ypfuGif;zufokdY rsufESmrlcdkif;

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oefjrefavSD;u wm0ef,loGm;vdkYyJ ...rSwfxm;vdkuf }}
]] wGif;wl;wmrsm;Asm ...twGif;tm;eJY dkufvdkufjzpfwmyJ }}
]] tJ'Dvdkr[kwfbl;uG ...[dkaumifu vD;eJYwl;oGm;wm ...}}
]] tif;av rodvdkYcHvdkuf&wmyJAsm ...aemufyGJudkawmYEdkifatmifBuKd;pm;r,f ...aMomf tb nus&if tdrfvmcJYr,faemf
...}}
vSefbm*smvnf; oefjrefavSD;udk rormaomenf;vrf;jzifY tEdkif,l&efjyifqifaeavawmYonf/

'dkifvlBuD;rsm;rS tcsufay;vkduf&m oefjrefavSD;vnf; pdwfysufvufysufjzifY twGif;tm;udkyg;pyfwGifpkum

ta0;rSvSrf;NyD;rSKwfavonf/ cHaeaomrdef;rum; rsufvkH;rsm;ta&mifawmufvmaomfvnf; ig;rdepfcefYtMumwGif
a[mufoHrsm;xGufvmum tdyfaysmfoGm;awmYonf/ olvnf; yg;pyfanmif;anmif;jzifY pdwfysufvufysufxdkifcsvdkuf
avawmYonf/ 'dkifrsm;u qufvuf,SOfNyKdif&ef wdkufwGef;aomfvnf; b,fvdkrS rwwfEdkifawmYonfhtwGuf olvnf;
vufa`rSmufumaevdkufavonf/
xdkcPwGif trSKwfq&m vSefbm*smonf ol\ausmfMum;vSaom rkefwdkif;waxmifavodkif;udkokH;um ol\
odkif;usrf;xJrS 03012007 ckajrmuftuGufjzpfonfh 0dnmOfESKwfvQm trSKwfq&m trnfSdaom odkif;uGufudkokH;?
yg;pyfxJodkY twGif;tm;udkydkYxm;vkdufNyD; ayig;q,ftuGmta0;odkYyif avQmufoGm;vdkufNyD; tpGrf;jyavonf/
trSKwfcHae&aom trsKd;orD;onf "mwfvdkufonfhES,f wudk,fvkH;wGefYvdrfaeNyD; olYudkwifxm;onfh pm;yGJ ay:wGif
vSKyfcgaeavonf/ xdkrdef;r\ apmufpdudk ta0;rSaeum vQmay:rStwGif;tm;vSKdif;udkydkYvTwfNyD; vSrf;NyD;
uvdvkdufonfhtcgrsKd;wGif atmfoHBuD;u em;uGJrwwfxGufvmavonf/ vSefbm*smonf ol\ odkif;uGufrsm;xJrS
taumif;qkH;odkif;uGufrsm;udk aG;cs,fxkwfESKwf y&dwfowfrsm;tm;azsmfajzaeonf/
oefjrefavSD;onf jzpfay:aeonfhtajctaersm;udk okH;oyfNyD; olSKH;awmYrnfudk cefYrSef;rdojzifY 'dkifrsm;tm;
cGifYawmif;um ausauseyfeyftSKH;ay;vdkufavawmYonf/ 'dkifrsm;u oefjrefavSD;tSKH;ay;aMumif; aMunm
aomfvnf; vSefbm*smurl rSKwfaumif;wkef;Sdaeao;onf/ xkH;pHtwdkif; xdkrdef;rtm; tcsDcsDNyD;atmifrSKwfay;NyD;rS
y&dwfowfrsm;zufodkYvSnfhum ]]trSKwfynm igq&m}} [kaMuG;aMumfvdkufavawmYonf/
----------------------------------------------------------xdkaeYnwGif csdef;xm;onfhtwdkif; 'dkifaumfrwDtBuD;tuJxHodkYoGm;a&mufNyD; reufjzefNyKdifyGJwGif olYtm;
rsufESmomay;&eftwGuf zifukef;awmif;yefum aTig;rl;om;ay; vmbfxdk;avonf/ 'dkifvlBuD;u vSefbm*smtm;
aemufqkH;NyKdifyGJ\ vQKdU0SuftrSwfay;pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk rNcGif;rcsefajymjyvdkuf&m vSefbm*smvnf; csufcsif;tdrfjyefNyD;
aemufaeYNyKdifyGJtwGuf avYusifYawmYonf/ pnf;urf;um; ydkatmfatmifcsEdkifoltm; tEdkifay;rnf[kjzpfavonf/
oefjrefavSD;rSmrl dk;om;ojzifY MuufOESifY kH;ywDoD;udkom t0pm;NyD;tdyfpuf&efjyifqifonf/ rtdyfcifwGif
olYtm;cifrifMunfndKav;pm;aom *dkPf;0ifwOD;rS udk;uG,f&efay;xm;aom vD;bdk;awmfkyfxktm; uefawmYNyD;rS
tdyf&may:vSJcsvdkufavonf/ csufcsif;tdyfraysmfao;bJ rsufpdaMumifaeojzifY zdkuf0rf;qGJvdkufrS tdyfaysmfoGm;onf/
tdyfrufxJwGif oludk;uG,faom vD;bdk;awmfESifYawGUavonf/ tdyfrufxJqdkaomfvnf; pum;tajctwif
aqG;aEG;Muavonf/ vD;bdk;awmfu ...
]] tdkrDwdkzm ...a,mufsm;av;tm;vkH; vD;BuD;NyD; usef;rmMuygap }} [k arwmydkYav&m oefjrefavSD;u...
]] bdk;awmfBuD;cifAsm ...bdk;awmfBuD;u b,folygvJ ...'Dudk bmvmvkyfwmvJ }}
]] tdrf; ...igu vD;bdk;awmfyJ ...rif;rtdyfcifu igYudkSdcdk;NyD; qkawmif;vdkY igay:vm&wm }}
]] tm; ...awGU&wm odyf0rf;omw,f bdk;awmf }}
]] aumif;NyD vli,fvD;BuD;uav; ...}}
]] bkd;awmf reufjzef uRefawmf NyKdifyGJ0if&rSm odovm;cifAsm ...}}
]] at; tJ'gaMumifY rif;udk 'Dypnf;av;ay;rvdkYuG ...a&mY,lxm;vdkuf }} [kqdkum aysmufuG,foGm; avonf/
oefjrefavSD;vnf; vefYEdk;vmNyD; vufxJwGif t&m0wKwckudkprf;rdojzifY Munfhvdkuf&m uwDygtdwfwck?
txJwGifawmY rnf;wl;aeaom tyfwkH;BuD;wacsmif;/ pdwfSKyfSKyfjzifY jyeftdyfvdkufNyD; reufvif;MuufwGefrS renf;
tdyf&mx&avonf/
olvnf; 0wfpkHrsm;udk aoaooyfoyf0wfum rsufESmopf? oGm;wdkuf? *Gif;wdkufNyD; reufpmpm;um NyKdifyGJ usif;y&m
uGif;jyifqDodkYxGufvmcJYawmYonf/ uGif;xJwGifrawmY y&dwfowfrsm;tm;vkH;ae&m,lNyD;aeMuNyD/ aemufqkH;
NyKdifyGJaeYjzpfojzifY vufrSwfarSmifcdkaps;uvnf; BuD;jrifYvSonf/ odkYaomf tm;vkH; tdk;ypftdrfypfvmMu&m olcdk;rsm;
tBuKdufyifjzpfaeavonf/
rsm;rMumrD vSefbm*sma&mufvmNyD; vdkufvHESKwfqufaeavonf/ olum; olomtEdkif&&rnf[k ,kHMunfrSK
tjynfhjzifY 0if;xdefajymifvufaeaomrsufESmBuD;udk NzD;aeavonf/ xdkYaemuf NyKdifyGJudk oefjrefavSD; wGif;wl;ay;
xm;aom rdk;vkHavvkH tm;upm;kHBuD;wGif usif;yavawmYonf/ 'dkifrsm;u NyKdifyGJ0ifrsm; pdwfBuKdufpGrf;&nfudk jy&ef
aMunmum pdwfBuKduf,SOfNyKdifcGifYay;vdkufawmYonf/ reufydkif;wcsdefom usif;yrnfjzpfonf/
yGJponfESifYwNyKdifeuf vSefbm*smonf rdef;rrsm;bufodkY vufa0SU&rf;jyum olUtwGufay;xm;aom rdef;rudk
tomt,macsmYxnfhvdkufavonf/ rdef;ry&dwfowfrsm; auseyfoGm;MuNyD; tm;&if olYqDvmukef;OD;rS qdkaom
tawG;rsm; ay GufvmMuavonf/ yGJpNyD; ig;rdepfavmuftxd tomt,mom Budwfvdk;aevdkufonf/ tiftm;udk
csKdxm;NyD; oefjrefavSD;uJYodkY rEl;reyfaumifudk tEdkif&a&;twGuf jyifqifaeavonf/
oefjrefavSD;rSm taz\tdkuft&mudkxdef;odrf;&ef pdwftm;xufoefaeaomfvnf; vSefbm*smuJodkY
b0tawGUtBuKH rMuG,f0ojzifY pdwftm;i,faerdavonf/ tm;&yg;&aqmifYvdk;&if; tm;i,frSKrsm;udk ajzazsmuf
ae&avawmYonf/ odkYaomf ol\vD;um; tm;ri,f? trkef;axmifrwfaeavawmYonf/

tcsdeftenf;i,ftMumwGif vSefbm*smonf tiftm;ukd tpGrf;ukeftokH;jyKum aqmifYcsav&m rdef;rqDrS atmfoHrsm;

tqufrjywfxGufvmawmYonf/ olvnf; vdk;ae&if;jzifY 'dkifvlBuD;rsm;bufodkY rsufpdupm;vdkufav&m raeYnu
vmbfay;xm;aom acgif;aqmif'dkifESifY rsufvkH;csif;qkH&m 'dkifvlBuD;u rodromvufraxmifjyavonf/
vSefbm*smonf EGm;odk;twGif;tm;udk olwDxGifxm;aom ]]vkH;ywfwkwfBuD; igYuGrf;oD;}} odkif;jzifYaygif;pyfokH;pGJum
cHaeaomrdef;r acgif;razmfEdkifatmif ckefckefNyD;vdk;awmYonf/ rdef;ruatmfavav Edkif&rnfqdkaompdwfu wGef;tm;
ay;avavjzifY trkef;vdk;av&m atmfoHrsm;rSm em;rcHomatmifxGufaeavonf/ wbGwfbGwf wzwfwzwfjzifY
pnf;csufnDnDxGufay:aeaom toHrsm;atmufwGif oefjrefavSD;u idkufpdkufidkufpdkufjzifY tm;SdoavmufxkwfNyD;
usKH;vsufyif .../
oefjrefavSD;onf wufMuGaom vSefbm*sm\trlt&mudk NyKdifyGJrpcifuwnf;u rouFmjzpfaeavonf/ odkYaomf
pdwfxifwmyJjzpfrnf[k cParYxm;vdkufonf/ NyKdifyGJxJodkYa&mufrS aoaocsmcsm tuJcwfaomf 'dkifESifY
vSefbm*smwdkY rsufpypfjyaeMuonfudk trSwfrxifawGUvdkuf&avrS ol\ qwfpyufpdwfrsm; ydkrdkBuD;xGm;vmNyD;
vSefbm*sm toHxGufatmifvdk;aeonfrSm trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;yifjzpf&rnf[k awG;rdavawmYonf/ oefjrefavSD;
trkef;vdkufusKH;aomfvnf; vSefbm*smavmufrwwfEdkifyJjzpfaeavonf/
tm;ukefxkwfumvdk;ygaomfvnf; vSefbm*smavmuf toHrxGufjzifY enf;vrf;pOf;pm;aeavonf/ xdktcg
udk,fYudk,fudk ]]apmufokH;ruswJYvD;}} [kqJumpOf;pm;&if;rS vD;[laom pmvkH;ESifYtwl
vD;bdk;awmfudkowd&rdavonf/ olvnf; npfrS&awmYrnfudk odoGm;NyD; vD;bdk;awmfay;xm;aomtyfudk
ol\uGrf;oD;ab;wGif om;a&uGif;ESifYwGJ csnfaESmifxm;vdkufavawmYonf/ xdkYaemuf cyfomomav;prf;vdkuf&m
olvdk;aeaomrdef;rrSm rsufjzLvefrwwf pl;pl;0g;0g;atmfum wGefYvdrfoGm;avonf/ vSefbm*smyif raeEdkifawmYyJ
vSnfhMunfh&avonf/
oefjrefavSD;vnf; ]]ajcovkH;yavGdk;eJY waeYvkH;taovdk;r,f}} [kaMuG;aMumfvdkufNyD; cyfrSefrSefyifvdk;av&m
atmfoHrsm;u b0*fvQHatmifxGufvmawmYonf/ tyfpl;ojzifY apmufzkwfxJrSa0'emudk rcHpm;EkdifawmY olvdk;
aeaom rdef;ronf owdvpfoGm;avawmYonf/ xdkYaMumifY t&efxm;aomtxJrS wa,mufudkxyfac:NyD; olvnf;
pdwfSdvufSdvdk;jyefavonf/ tyf\xdk;ESufcsufaMumifY xdkrdef;ronfvnf; avmuBuD;ESifY tqufjywfoGm;jyefonf/
aemufxyf xyfac:rnfjyKaomtcgrS 'dkifvlBuD;rsm;vnf; olawmif;pm;*dkPf; emrnfysufpdk;ojzifY NyKdifyGJudk&yfem;um
oefjrefavSD;udk tEdkifay;vdkuf&avawmYonf/
oefjrefavSD;vnf; vD;bdk;awmfay;xm;aomtyfudk aocsmodrf;qnf;um b0wavQmufvkH; vD;bdk;awmfudk
udk;uG,fawmYrnf[k pdwfqkH;jzwfvdkufavawmYonf/ 'dkifrsm;u oefjrefavSD;tm; *kPfjyKpum;ajymMum;MuNyD;
olawmif;pm;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfopftjzpf wifa`rSmufvdkufMuawmYonf/ xdkYaemuf aeYvnfpmjzifY zdwfMum;xm;ol
rsm;tm; wnfcif;{nfhcHavonf/ aeYvnfpmpm;yGJwGif vSefbm*smu rdrdonf odkif;avmuxJrSESKwfxGufaMumif;?
aSUavQmufNyD; trSKwfoifwef;ausmif;ESifY tvdk;vkyfief;udk xlaxmifum pD;yGm;SmNyD; at;at;csrf;csrf;aeawmYrnf
jzpfaMumif; ajymMum;vdkuf&m tm;vkH;tHYMooGm;MuNyD; rdef;rrsm;url 0rf;omoGm;Muavonf/
tm;vkH; pm;aomuftNyD;wGif *dkPf;csKyfopf oefjrefavSD;u aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymMum;avonf/ olu
*dkPf;csKyfjzpfvmwJYtwGuf 0rf;ajrmufrdaMumif;? NyKdifbufaumif;BuD;jzpfaom vSefbm*smudk
tvGefaus;Zl;wifaMumif;? tem;,lawmYrnfjzpf pdwfraumif;aMumif;? aSUqufNyD; olawmif;pm;*dkPf;BuD;udk
wdk;wufBuD;yGm;atmifaqmifGuf oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ponfjzifYajymMum;NyD; ed*kH;csKyf&efjyifqifvdkufpOf
olYabmif;bDatmufrS vD;BuD;u axmifxGuf aeonfudk awGUvdkuf&avonf/ BuKd;pm;zkH;uG,faomfvnf;r&ojzifY ...
]] t[J tckuRefawmf xrif;pm;NyD;NyDav ...tJ'DawmY olawmif;pm;xrif;0&if vD;awmifw,f vdkY
rSwfxm;vdkufMuaygYAsm }} [kajym&if;ed*kH;csKyfum olawmif;pm;*dkPf;csKyftjzpf pwifaqmifGufavawmYonf/
-------------------------------zdk;aSmufvifonf rausreyfjzifYxGufcGmvmcJY&mrS rmBuD;Mumodkif;usrf;udk&Sdum avYusifYavawmYonf/ avYusifYykH
avYusifYenf;rsm;udk udkwPSmrS owfowfa&;om;ygvdrfYrnf/ xdkodkif;usrf;atmifjrifaomtcgrS zdk;aSmufvifonf
oefjrefavSD;udk jyefvnfpdefac:&ef `iSKd;xm;avonf/
trsKd;orD;*dkPf;XmecsKyf ...zmcHNrKdU? vD;pD;jynfe,f ...
vifusdaSmifxlaxmifxm;aom trsKd;orD;*dkPf;onf zmcHNrKdU tcdkiftrm tajcpdkufxm;av\/ xdkNrKdUwGif
trsKd;orD;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf txdef;tuGyfrJYpGm aomif;usef;&rf;um;aeMuavonf/ vifusdaSmifrSmvnf; olYvif
wdkifaxmifxkwa,mufwnf;ESifYyif cHr0ojzifY aemufxyfvif,l&ef pOf;pm;aeao;av\/ vifusdaSmif\
cHEdkif&nfrSm ajymprSwfyifjzpfonf/ wcsDwcsDcHvQif ig;em&DcefYMumNyD; trSKwfcHvQifum; wem&DcefYMumonf/
xdkYaMumifY vifusdaSmifonf olawmif;pm;*dkPf;csKyfaG;cs,fyGJodkYoGm;a&mufcJYMuaom

*dkPf;olrsm;\owif;ay;csuft& vSefbm*smxHoGm; trSKwfcH&efjyifqifaeavonf/

vifusdaSmifcHEdkifoavmuf wdkifaxmifxkuvnf; pGrf;ayonf/ olYvD;BuD;um; tSnf 16vufr? vkH;ywf
EdkYqDbl;cefYSdNyD; a*:vDtvkH;ig;q,fcefYwyfqifxm;avonf/ xdkYaMumifY vifusdaSmifu oDcsif;qdkavYyifSdonf/
,if;um; ...
]] 16vufr 16vufr tdk[dk;[dk tdk[dk;[dk[dk; ...
16vufr 16csufcs tdk[dk ...
udkudk uRefawmfYudk qdkufum;eJY rac:eJY
atmf'gSdw,f rvdkufbl;od&JUvm; ...
udkudkeJYuRefawmf wnvkH;vdk;Murvm; ...
zifudkcswm odyftonf;,m; ...tm; [ [ [mY
tdrfrSm uRefawmfYudkpmjywJYtcgwdkif;
pmr&&if zifcsawmYwmyJ .....}} ponfjzifYjzpfavonf/
wdkifaxmifxkonf ,cifu usif;ycJYaom odkif;avmu\ vD;tu,f'rDay;yGJwGif yxrqk&cJYolvnf; jzpfonf/
,ckum; olonf odkif;avmurS tem;,lNyD; at;at;aq;aq; rdef;rvkyfpmxdkifpm;aeoljzpfonf/ tvum;ae
tvum; ysif;vmojzifY tdrfwGif vD;BuD;enf;oifwef;ay;&ef pDpOfavonf/ trsKd;orD;*dkPf;rSmvnf;
tqifoifYSdojzifY avYusifY&eftwGufvnf; ryl&acs .../
olonf oifwef;udk bD*ifem? tifwmrD'D,dwfESifY tuf'fAefYpf ponfjzifY okH;rsKd;cGJjcm;xm;onf/ wjcm;aom
Snfenf;oifwef;? wkwfenf;oifwef;rsm;vnf;Sdavonf/ oifwef;trnfum; vD;tu,f'rDjzpfonf/
oifwef;pzGifYaomaeYrSp trsKd;orD;*dkPf;NcH0if;\ ab;csif;uyfvsufSd ol\tdrfwGif BuD;BuD; i,fi,f? G,fG,f
vwfvwf a,mufsm;av;rsm;pka0;aeavonf/ em;csdefwGifzwf&ef atmpmtkyfrsm;udkvnf; wdkif;rSif;jzifY
tem*wfodkYoGm;um jrefrmusL;ypfa'gYeufrS ,lay;xm;ojzifY oifwef;om;vli,frsm;rSm rodbl;? uif;pwef? Zmenf?
Gmpm;BuD;? plyg? bvuf'DAJvf? vkyfenf;vkyf[ef abmYusefwdkYESifY &if;ESD;aeavonf/ ppcsif; wufa&mufMuaom
oifwef;om; q,fa,mufudk ydkrdk;Sif;ay;onfhtaejzifY ywfywfvnf a*:vDxnfhay;avonf/ [dkem;'Dem;wGif
a*:vD? jrif;`rSD;? qdwfrsufuGif;? pdefem;yef trsKd;pkH&aom ta&mif;qdkifrsm;vnf; ay Gufvmavonf/
olaX;BuD; apmifNcKHxkonf xdkowif;udkMum;vQifMum;csif; ol\arG;pm;om;rsKd;vif;udkac:um oGm;a&muf
tyfESHavonf/ zefaSmufcifudkrac:cJYaomfvnf; olu rsKd;vif;udkpdwfrcs[kqdkum vdkufvmcJYNyD; oifwef;ausmif;
teD;wGif tdrf0,fum [efusaeavonf/
apmifNcKHxkonf wdkifaxmifxkxHoGm;a&mufNyD; rsKd;vif;tm; oifwef;om;tjzpftyfESHavonf/ rsKd;vif;u
vD;BuD;enf;tjyif odkif;ygoifvdkaMumif;ajymojzifY aTwkH;ig;axmifay;vQif oifay;rnf[kajym&m apmifNcKHxkuvnf;
oabmwlojzifY rsKd;vif;vnf; vD;tu,f'rD\ oifwef;om;jzpfoGm;um wdkifaxmifxku tifwmrD'D,dwftjzpf
vufcHvdkufavonf/ wqufwnf;yif apmifNcKHxku teD;tem;wGif a*:vDqdkifzGifYvdkaMumif;ajymNyD; qdkifcGeftjzpf
oifwef;tm; pyGefqmay;rnfjzpfaMumif;ajymum a*:vDqdkifudkvnf;xlaxmifvdkufavonf/
xdkqdkifum; atmufajcvlwef;pm;tBuKduf &mbmwkH;rSp pdefrsm;? ywjrm;rsm; tjcm;tzdk;wefausmufrsm;
txd&Edkifav&m xdkNrKdUwGifvnf; apmifNcKHxk\trnfonf wkdifaxmifxk\ trnfESifYwGJ acwfpm;vmavonf/
xdkqdkifudkum; rsKd;vif;udkapmifYaSmuf&efvdkufvmaom zefaSmufcifu OD;pD;avonf/ aemufwacguf apmifNcKHxk
ypnf;vmydkYaomtcg wdkifaxmifxkESifYxyfrHaqG;aEG;? pmcsKyfcsKyfqdkum NrKdUrdNrKdUzrsm;tm;today;NyD; qdkif;bkwfwif
wkwfjynf\ yxrqkH; vdifpD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;jzpfaom ]] xk xa&;'if; }} ukrPDudk wnfaxmifvdkufavonf/
]] xk xa&;'if; }} [lemrnfay;&jcif;um; olwdkYESpfOD;\trnfrsm;jzpfaom apmifNcKHxkESifY wdkifaxmifxk wdkYrS
aemufqkH;trnfrsm;jzpfMuaom ]] xk }} udk trSwfw&taejzifYay;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ apmifNcKHxkonf ol\
wpwpaumif;rGefvmaom pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeaMumifY refcsK;rif;BuD; csifvkH{u&mZfuyif aejynfawmfodkYzdwfac:
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nf/) wdkifaxmifxkESifYaygif; tem*wfodkYoGm;a&mufvnfywfxm;aom olonf tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHwEdkifiH\
xdyfydkif;tdrfaxmifpkrsm;udk oabmusojzifY rif;BuD;\orD;awmfudk t&,l&efBuHavonf/ um; ,Ofaus;rSK
wdk;wufvmaom tajctaewnf; .../
wdkifaxmifxkonf ol\vD;tu,f'rDausmif;udk zGifYvSpfcJY&m wvrQMumjrifYaomtcsdefodkYa&mufcJYNyDjzpfonf/
waeYo ol\orD;jzpfol wdkifuG,fyGwfonf tdrfay:wGifwa,mufwnf; wdkifudkuG,fyGwfae&mrSysif;vmojzifY
jywif;wHcg;udkzGifY Munfhvkduf&m tdrfab;Sdoifwef;ausmif;rS wdkifaxmifxk\oifwef;om;rsm; zdkuf0rf;NyKdifqGJ
aeMuonfudk awGUvdkuf&ojzifY xl;qef;tHMooGm;rdavonf/ olUtawG;xJum; a,mufsm;av;rsm;\ xl;qef;aom
udk,fydkifypnf;wcku pdk;rdk;oGm;av\/ xdkolrsm;wGifom Sdoavm? tjcm;olrsm;wGifvnf; SdrSd Munfhvdkuf&m
tm;vkH; udk,fpDudk,fpD axmifxaeMuonfudkawGUjrif&avonf/ tb,fYaMumifYqdkaomf wdkifaxmifxkudk,fwdkif
ol\orD;udk arG;uwnf;u vD;rjrifbl;atmif apmifYaSmufxm;aomaMumifYjzpfavonf/

wdkifaxmifxk\oifwef;um; tvGeftrif;atmifjrifaeaomumvjzpfonf/ oifwef;\wckwnf;aom

pnf;urf;csufjzpfonfh udk,fwkHvkH; a*G;wef;vef;jzifYae&onfhtcsufaMumifYvnf;
vGwfvyfa&;BuKd;yrf;olrsm;taejzifY twufrsm;um vlpnfjcif;jzpfavonf/
wdkifuG,fyGwfonf xdkodkYMunfhae&mrS rodpdwf\ obm0ESKd;aqmfrSKaMumifY wjznf;jznf;,m;vmavonf/ ,cifu
rdrdudk,frdrdyGwfaerSom xdkodkYzDvifjzpfaomfvnf; ,ckrlum; tvdkvdkjzpfvmaomzDvifaMumifY ae&xdkif&
cufaeavawmYonf/ xdkYaMumifY jywif;aygufudkjyefydwfvdkufNyD; tdyf,mxJ0ifum cyfMurf;Murf;yGwfaerdavonf/
wjznf;jznf; tm;r&ojzifY a&csKd;cef;xJrS tkef;qHb&yfSfudk,lNyD; yGwfcsvdkufrSom tmomajyoGm;NyD; wcsD;NyD;av\/
jrifcJY&aomtaMumif;udk rdcifjzpfol vifusdaSmifESifYawGUrS ar;&OD;rnf[k rSwfom;xm;avonf/
wdkifuG,fyGwf tdrfay:rSvSrf;Munfhaeaomumvu tNyKdiftqdkifxkaeolrsm;xJwGif rsKd;vif;vnf;ygav\/
tjcm;olrsm;u rawGUvkdufaomfvnf; rsufpdvsifaomrsKd;vif;url zswfueJvSrf;awGUvdkuf&&m tdrfay:wuf&atmif
BuKd;yrf;NyD; csKyfpm;&efjyifqifaeavonf/ xdkaeYrSp rsKd;vif;vnf; wkwfrav;wdkifuG,fyGwfudk&&ef BuKd;yrf;ae
avawmYonf/ wdkifaxmifxk\ jrif;zdkroef;atmif apmifYaSmufxm;aom orD;uav;\tem*wfum; &ifav;p&m
jzpfavonf/
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]] anmif ...orD;ar;p&mSdvdkY ...}}
]] bmvJ uav;&JU ...ararodwmqdk tukefajymjyrSmaygY ...}}
]] [dkav ...aeYcif;u azazwdkYausmif;bufukd vSrf;Munfhrdw,f ...}}
]] aMomf ...tJ'DawmY ...}}
]] orD;av ...tJ'Du a,mufsm;av;awGqDrSm axmifaxmifeJYjrifrdvdkY ...tJ'g bmvJ arar }}
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orD;&JU }}
]] vD; ...bmvkyf&wmvJ arar }}
]] at; tJ'DvD;qdkwmu ykHrSeftcsdefqdk ao;aygufwm ...aemufawmY t[J ...}}
]] bm t[JvJ arar&JU ...}}
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xGufoGm;&av\/ xdktcgrS vifusdaSmifvnf; tcef;wHcg;udk xydwfvdkufavonf/
]] a,mufsm; ...bmudp }}
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]] aMomf ...oabmaygufNyD ...aemufxyfvmcsifvmyg rxl;qef;awmYyg ...tNrJwrf;toifYyg ... cHcsifaewm ...}}
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toifYapmifYqdkif;aeaom vifusdaSmifu rvdk;cif*sm&efajymojzifY ckwifatmufodkYjyefqif;um ckwifwdkifrSpNyD;
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wcpfcpf&,foHrsm;ay Gufvmavonf/
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tcef;em;ta&mufwGif wcpfcpf&,foHrsm;udkMum;vkduf&ojzifY odcsifpdwfBuD;rm;vmavonf/ xdkYaMumifY
tcef;em;uyfum wkwfodkif;um;rsm;xJutwdkif; vufnSKd;udkwHawG;qGwfum tcef;eH&HSdpuLudkxdk;azmuf
vdkufavonf/ NyD;aemuf rsufvkH;wzufudkrSdwfum taygufESifYuyfvdkuf&m arSmiftwdusaeNyD; bmrSrjrif& ...
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awGUvkdufvQifawGUvdkufcsif;yif vifusdaSmifrSm ckwifapmif;wGifaygifum;xm;onfudkjrif&NyD; wdkifaxmifxk
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vifusdaSmifonf qwfueJaumYwufoGm;awmYonf/
tjyifrSacsmif;Munfhaeaom wdkifuG,fyGwfrSm olUtaraoNyDxifNyD; tdkueJatmfrdrvdkjzpfoGm;NyD;rS jzwfueJ yg;pyfudk
vufESifYydwfvdkuf&onf/ cPaerS vifusdaSmif aeomxdkifomSdoGm;onfudkawGU&rS 'gupm;MuwmrSef;

odoGm;&avonf/ wdkifaxmifxk\vD;BuD;rSm 16vufrSnfaomfvnf; vifusdaSmifrSm apmufacgif;qefYodkif;udk

wwfajrmufxm;ojzifY tqifajyaeavonf/ xdkodkif;rSm vifusdaSmifudk,fwdkif atmfarY*dkPf;rScdk;,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
cHenf;aygif;pkHudk wwfajrmufaom vifusdaSmifudk&xm;aom wdkifaxmifxkrSm ESmBuD;onfudkjznfhqnf;ay;&onf
rSwyg; tvGefyiftusKd;Sdaom r,m;xDaygufaejcif;jzpfonf/
odkYaomf wrdk;atmufwa,muf 16vufrvD;udkydkifqdkifaom wdkifaxmifxku tm;&yg;&vSefpGyfxdk;vdkuf&m
vifusdaSmifrS xifrSwfrxm;ojzifY owdvufvGwf cHvdkuf&jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaemuf wdkifaxmifxkonf ol\vD;udk
ausmufwdkifuJYodkY rwfaeatmifaxmifxm;vdkufNyD; vifusdaSmif\udk,fudk ckwifapmif;xm;um tm;&yg;&tpGrf;ukef
aqmifYvdk;avawmYonf/ tcef;xJwGifum; wbGyfbGyf wpGyfpGyfjrnfoHu vTrf;rdk;aeavonf/ olwdkYum; rsKd;vif;ESifY
zefaSmufcifwdkYuJYodkY twGif;tm;rokH;MuojzifY xef 'vefponfjzifY rjrnfjcif;jzpfavonf/ ( awmfNyDAsm ...
vdk;ykHawGawmY tus,fw0ifYra&;awmYbl;/ )vifusdaSmif\tzkwfwGif;odkY rSefrSefBuD;0ifxGufaeaom wdkifaxmifxk\
vD;BuD;udk jrifvdkuf&aom wdkifuG,fyGwftzdkY aemufxyfvkyfief;aqmifwmwckudk odSdoGm;avawmYownf;/
xdktcgrS wdkifuG,fyGwfvnf; rD;zdkSd ikwfusnfayGUudk,lum olUtcef;xJodkYjyefavawmYonf/ tdyf&may:
wufvdkufNyD;aomtcg t0wftpm;tm;vkH;udkcRwf ikwfusnfayGUudk wjznf;jznf;xnfhMunfhavonf/ xdkodkYjzifY
tHBudwfBuKd;pm;&if; rSdrJYSdrJYtysKda`rS;ygaygufoGm;awmYonf/ rSdrJYSdrJYrdkY odyfrodomvSyg/ xkdYaMumifY tSdefrysufp
toGif;txkwfvkyfavonf/ vufjzifYvkyf&if;anmif;vmojzifY ckwifay:wGif axmifxm;vdkufNyD; tay:rSaqmifYcs
av&m cPMumvQif yef;wdkifa&mufoGm;avonf/ NyD;rS EGrf;vspGmjzifY tdyf&may:vSJNyD;tem;,laeavawmYonf/
xdkodkYvSJae&if;jzifY rMumrDyif apmufacgif;xJrS ylavmifvm wppfppfa0'emudk cHpm;vm&avonf/ olonf
rqifrjcifjzifY ikwfusnfayGUudkokH;cJYrdonfudkvnf; aemifw&rqkH; ...aemufqkH;wGif rcHr&yfEdkifawmY
atmfnnf;rdav&m wdkifuG,fyGwf tdyfaysmfraysmf Munfh&efvmaom vifusdaSmifu Mum;ojzifY tvsiftjrefvm&m
ckwifay:wGif nnf;aeaom wdkifuG,fyGwfudkawGU&ojzifY tusKd;taMumif;ar;Munfh&m tvkH;pkHudkod&ojzifY olu ]]
rdkufvdkufwJY orD; }} [k a&Gwfum ]] vkyfcsif&if c&rf;oD;wdkY rkefvmOwdkYeJY vkyf&w,f[JY }} [kqlNyD;rS apmifYae[k
ajymum vufudkify0gudka&qGwfNyD; apmufywfxJxnfhxm;ay;rS tyloufomum tdyfaysmfoGm;avonf/
xdkodkY wdkifuG,fyGwfwa,muf tyloufomum tdyfaysmfoGm;csdef? rsKd;vif; zefaSmufcifESifY nOD;ydkif;qGJNyD; vif;qGJ
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ol\acgif;xJwGifum; bk&ifYorD;awmfudkvufxyf,l&efESifY pD;yGm;a&;wdk;csJU&efudprsm;jzifY tdyfvdkYudkr&Edkif?
pD;yGm;a&;tifyg,mudk xyfrHwdk;csJU&ef? zefaSmufcifudkuGmSif;&ef? ydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;rsm; xlaxmif&ef? vSefbm*smESifY
ylaygif;um trSKwfqm;Apf oD;oefYay;&efwdkYjzifY jynfhESufaeonf/ ,ckxuf ydkrdkcsrf;omrS rif;orD;ESifYvufxyfvsif
rsufESmyef;vSrnf r[kwfygvm; ...&if;xm;onfaygYav .../
vSefbm*smonf olawmif;pm;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfaG;cs,fyGJwGif SKH;edrfYcJYonfhaemufydkif; pdwfajyvufaysmuf
tyef;ajzc&D;xGufvmcJY&m zmbdef;NrKdUuav; ...,ck NrKdUBuD;eD;yg; wdk;wufaeaomae&modkYta&muf aygrsm;vSaom
zmvkyfief;rsm; ...olaX;rsm;uypfxm;MuojzifY tdrfxJwGifomtcsdefukefum ocGm;oD;? c&rf;oD;azmufonfrsm;
jzpfMuaom olaX;uawmfrsm; ...tdrfwGif;ykef; olaX;orD;uav;rsm; ponfwdkYudkjrif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfaqmif&ef
pOf;pm;rdavonf/ odkYaomf tajctaeray;ao;ojzifY pD;yGm;a&;udp tomxm;NyD; NrKdUtajccsaexdkif&eftwGuf
tdrfwvkH;udk SdpkrJYpkaiGuav;jzifY 0,f,lvdkufonf/ aSUavsmufum; olawmif;pm;*dkPf;0ifvnf; r[kwfawmYojzifY
awmif;pm;r&awmY ...pdwftnpfBuD;npfum reufapmapmpD;pD;yifEkd; tdrfaSUxdkif blaeavonf/
vD;wawmifcefYtMumwGif tdrfaSUrSNyKd;NyKd;ysufysuf 0wfqifxm;olwOD; 0ifvmNyD; aemufvdkufaemufygrsm;yg NcH0
apmifYaeMuavonf/ vSefbm*sm tHYMooGm;NyD; ysmysmovJyif c&D;OD;BuKdjyKvdkufonf/ xdkolum; olaX;BuD;
apmifNcKHxk? olu c&D;a&mufrqdkufyif pum;ponf/
]] aemifBuD;u olawmif;pm;*dkPf;u vufaxmuf*dkPf;csKyfa[mif; vSefbm*smaemf ...}}
]] [kwfygw,f cifAs ...olaX;rif;u ...}}
]] usKyfu 'DNrKdUrSm tcsrf;omqkH; olaX;BuD;yJ ...emrnfu apmifNcKHxkvdkY ac:w,f }}
]] awGU&wm 0rf;omygw,f olaX;rif; }}
]] vm&if;udpuawmY ...}}
]] ajymyg olaX;rif; tm;remygeJY ...uRefawmfYvdk bmr[kwfnmr[kwfaumifqDvmwJY olaX;rif;udkom uRefawmfu
tm;em&rSmyg ...}}
]] tif;av rajymrNyD;awmYvnf; ajym&rSmyJ ...vm&if;udpu pD;yGm;a&;udpyJAs ...cifAsm;&JUtaMumif;
apmapmuwnf;u pkHprf;vdkY&NyD;NyD/ olawmif;pm;*dkPf;uxGufvmNyD; tvdk;vkyfief;eJY trSKwfvkyfief;axmifrvdkYqdk?
tJ'g uRefawmfeJY yl;aygif;zdkYajymrvdkY ...tusKd;tjrwfuawmY ig;q,f ig;q,fpDaygY ...b,fvdkvJ }}
]] aumif;ygNyD olaX;rif;? uRefawmfvnf; udk,fudk,fwdkif aiGaMu;rjynfhpkHawmY vkyfief;vkyfzdkY cufaew,f/ tJ'g ...}}

apmifNcKHxk wcsufpOf;pm;onf/ xdkYaemufolu ...

]] 'Dvdkvkyfav ...cifAsm;u uRefawmfYvkyfief;rSm OD;pD; ...wESpfjynfhwJYtcgrSm vkyfief;w0ufudk cifAsm; vTJay;r,f
...auseyf&JUvm; ...}}
]] aus;Zl;BuD;vdkufwm olaX;rif;&,f ...uRefawmf olaX;rif;tay:woufvkH; opmSdygYr,f ...}}
]] uJ uJ aumif;NyDav ...tck cifAsm; 'DtdrfrSmraeeJYawmY ...usKyfNcH0if;xJ vdkufae/ tdrfwvkH;xyfNyD; aqmufay;r,f?
ypnf;awGvnf; o,fcJY }}
]] a[YaumifawG 'DrSm q&mYypnf;awG vmo,fMuprf; }} wynhfrsm;tm; vSnfhNyD; trdefYay;vdkufavonf/
vSefbm*smum; r,kHEdkifavmufatmifaom urf;vSrf;rSKtwGuf tdyfrufrufaeovdkyif .../
wywfcefYtMum?NrKdUvnfacgif vlpnfum;&mae&m? okH;xyfwdkufBuD;wGif ]] tJ,m;zmcH }} [laom vkyfief;BuD;wck
ay Gef;vmonf/ pzGifYzGifYcsif;yif y&dwfowfrsm;tm; pm;zG,faomufzG,f tazsmf,rumrsm;udk
tvQHty,fwdkufauR;NyD; tjyefwGif [ef;rdwf yrf;zvufwckpD vufurf;vdkufavonf/ wdkufBuD;aSUwGifum;
pmvkH;BuD;jzifY aTa&mifazmif;MuGqdkif;bkwfBuD;u [D;aeavonf/ a&;xm;onfum; ]] tJ,m;zmcH trSKwfqm;Apf}}
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zmcHNrKdUudktav;xm;aom taejzifY ]] tJ,m;zmcH }} [kac:jcif;jzpfavonf/
trSKwfvkyfief;BuD; xlaxmifawmYrnf[k owif;Mum;Mum;csif; olawmif;pm;*dkPf;rS wcsKdUwcsKdUaomolrsm;
txl;ojzifY vSefbm*sm\wynfhrsm; a&mufvmMuNyD; olwdkYvnf; tvkyfvkyfvdkaMumif;ajymMuojzifY
vSefbm*smvnf; tm;vkH;udk okH;&uf &ufwdkoifwef;ay;vdkufNyD; tvkyfcefYxm;vdkufavonf/ tvkyform;pkpkaygif;
q,fa,mufSdNyD; vSefbm*smvnf; tm;vsiftm;ovdk vkyf&ef pDpOfxm;avonf/
yxraeYwGif rnfolrSrSd ajcmufuyfuyf ...apmifNcKHxkonf qdkifaSU{nfhcef;rwGif xdkifae&if;rS tMuH& vmonf/
vSefbm*smtm;ac:um wdkifyifavonf/ apmifNcKHxkonf ol\pD;yGm;zuf vSefbm*smudk &if;ESD;orSKjzifY
refae*smoabmvnf;jzpfojzifY ]] *smBuD; }} [kac nf/
]] *smBuD;a& ...}}
]] cifAsm ...olaX; }}
]] rif;qdkifu vlr0ifygvm;uG ...}}
]] yxraeYrdkY xifygw,fAsm ...}}
]] xm;awmY ydkrdk;Sif;vkyfzdkY ig tBuHwck&vdkY ...}}
]] olaX; nTefMum;yg cifAsm ...}}
]] at; aemufudk igYudk olaX;vdkYrac:eJY q&mvdkYac: ...'DvdkuG ...rif;wynfhawGudk 'DnrSm wckcdkif;&r,f}}
]] bmrsm;vJ q&m ...}}
]] ajymrSmaygY *smBuD;&m ...'DnrSm rif;wynfhawGudk t0wfeufawG0wfcdkif; ...aemuf olaX;tdrfawGudk 0ifNyD;
olaX;uawmfawGudk vdkuf*smcdkif;uGm ...tJ NyD;atmifawmY r*smeJYaemf ...enf;enf;aumif;vmNyDqkd&if ab;rSm
qdkifaMumfNimudk csxm;NyD; tjrefqkH;jyefxGufvmcdkif;/ &rvm; ...}}
]] aumif;vdkufwJYtBuHyJ q&m ...uRefawmf tjrefqkH;pDpOfvdkufr,f }}
xdkaeYn aEG&moDudkra&mufwa&muf vuav;uauG;aumuf ...t*smorm;awG vSKyfSm;awmYonf/ tm;vkH;
tqifajypGmyJ atmifjrifMuygonf/ wNrKdUvkH; rdef;rtodkif;t0dkif;wGif tkwfatmfaomif;wif;jzpfoGm;onf/
aps;wGifvnf; nutaMumif;yJ ajymaeMuonf/ olawmif;pm;*dkPf;u vufaxmuf*dkPf;csKyfa[mif; vSefbm*smu
OD;pD;wmwJY ...[k Mum;ae&onf/ tJ,m;zmcH tJ,m;zmcHESifY vlajymrsm;aeonf/
reuf udk;em&DqdkifrzGifYcifuwnf;u olaX;uawmfBuD;rsm; wef;pDaeNyD ...qdkifzGifYaomtcg qdkifvkvif rsm;u
{nfhcef;xJac Gm;NyD; ae&mcsay;onf/ aps;ESKef;pm&if;ay;onf/ pm&if;rSm ...
vSefbm*sm OD;pD;aom tJ,m;zmcH trSKwfqdkif
wqufSif (wem&D) aiGwkH; ig;&m
2 qufSif aTwpfwkH;
3 qufSif 1400
4 qufSif 1800
5 qufSif aTESpfwkH;
atmufrSae vSefbm*smudk,fwdkif rSKwfygu ESpfq,lrnf[k a&;xm;avonf/
olaX;uawmfBuD;rsm; oabmusoGm;NyD; aps;rqdk;bl;[kajymum toD;oD; vlaG;um tay yfodkY wufoGm;
Muavonf/ tm;vkH;pdwfauseyfrSK&oGm;NyD; aemufwaeYwGif wNrKdUvkH; tatmifjrifqkH;vkyfief;jzpfoGm;onf/ olwdkY
tjyef aemufaeYrS vSefbm*smeJY trSKwfcHr,f[k ajymoGm;Muavonf/
apmifNcKHxkum; xdkrQESifY tm;r&Edkifao; ...ydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;udkvnf; vuf0g;BuD;tkyfcsifao;onf/xdkYaMumifY
wkwfEdkifiHwvTm; oGm;a&mufavYvmNyD; a&vrf;c&D;wGif oGm;vma&; tm;enf;aeonfudkawGU&ojzifY

zmcHNrKdUwnfSd&m ,efpDjrpfurf;rSpwif jrpfwavsmufSd NrKdUrsm;odkYvnf;aumif;?

jrpf0gjrpfwavsmufwGifvnf;aumif;? jrpfwGif;oGm; tifvef;0g;wm;x&efpydkYudk wnfaxmifum ]] 0g;wm;zmcH }}
[laom a&aMumif;ydkYaqmifa&;udk a&,mOf tpD;aygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm &if;ESD;jrKyfESHum wnfaxmifawmYonf/
,cifuSdESifYaeNyD;aom EdkifiHydkif wkwf0g;wm;a0;ESifY ,SOfNyKdifajy;qGJ&avonf/ tem*wfwGifvnf;
EdkifiH&yfjcm;odkYyg wdk;csJUajy;qGJ&ef pDpOfxm;ao;onf/ ( rSwfcsuf... xdkacwfu av,mOfysHrsm; rwGifus,fao;ojzifY
,aeYtcsdefuJYodkY rvkyfaqmifEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/ )
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tmPmvdkcsif ojzifY aemufqkH;wGif rif;BuD;u apmifNcKHxkESifYorD;awmfudk xdrf;jrm;ay;vdkufawmYonf/
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txJbmrSrjrif&atmif pwpfumudk azmazmoDoDokH;avonf/ pD;yGm;zuf rdwfaqGBuD; wdkifaxmifxk udkvnf;
pwpfumuyf a0g,mOfwpD;vufaqmifay;xm;avonf/ q&mjzpfol aumif;pm;vmojzifY vSefbm*smvnf;
trSKwfvkyfief;udk apmapmpD;pD; w0ufvTJjcif;cHvdkuf&avonf/ vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; tpOfojzifYwdkcsJUvsufSdav&m
trSKwfvkyfief;tm; wdkifaxmifxk\rdef;rjzpfol vifusdaSmif\*dkPf;rS rdef;uav;rsm;udkzdwfac:um
oifwef;ydkYcsvsuf trsKd;orD;?trsKd;om; vlrsKd;bmomraG; ZdrfcHEdkifaom trSKwftifyg,mtjzpfodkYajymif;vJum
zmvkyfief;ESifYwGJ vkyfudkifavonf/
EdkifiHjcm;om; t*Fvdyfrsm;ESifYvnf; yl;aygif;um wkwfwyfawmfBuD;twGuf vufeufrsm;udk wifoGif;ay;&
ao;onf/ tvkyfrsm;vSaom olaX;BuD;apmifNcKHxkrSm 0goemwckvnf; xyfrH&Sdvmonf/ xkdt&mum; zJdkufjcif;?
tm;vsiftm;ovdk t*Fvdyfrsm;ESifY zJdkuf&m ppcsif; bD*ifemvyfcf Edkifaomfvnf; ...MumvmonfESifYtrQ olYcifrsm
tSKH;BuD;SKH;awmY&m aemufqkH; rsKd;vif;ay;xm;cJYaom jynfwefywjrm;BuD;yg qkH;SKH;oGm;avonf/ xdkYaMumifY olonf
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&avonf/ xdktcgrS aMuG;ausum olvnf; jyefvnf vdrmvmNyD; zJdkufjcif;udk pGefYvTwfxm;vdkufawmYonf/
xdkuJYodkY tSKyftaxG;rsm;jzpfaeaomtcsdef ...rsKd;vif;onf zmcHNrKdUwGif wdkifuG,fyGwfudk&&efBuKd;pm;ae&mrS
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vSefbm*smvnf; wwfuRrf;orQ trSKwfynmudk olYq&m\om; rsKd;vif;udk tdwfoGefzmarSmuf zmyufvufvefonf
txd oifay;vdkufNyD; ya&mfzufSife,fjzpfoGm;atmif oifwef;ay;vdkufavonf/ ynmpkH rsKd;vif;jyefumeD;wGif
vSefbm*smu ...
]] tudkav; ...'Dynm&&ifawmY xrif;iwfraoEdkifawmYbl; ...q&mrGJoGm;awmif 'DynmeJYvkyfpm;vdkY &NyD
...tudkav;ajymwJY aumifrav;udkvnf; zrf;*smypfvdkufawmY ...tJ'gqdk tukeftqifajyNyD }}
]] jzpfygYrvm; OD;*smBuD;&m ...rawmfvdkY atmfvdkufrS ...'kua&mufaer,f }}
]] ryleJY tudkav; ...'Dynmudkav uRefawmftmrcHw,f ...b,favmufyJ atmfcsif atmfcsif qufNyD;
r*smawmYbl;vdkYomajymvdkuf/ NidrfcHaeap&r,f ...}}
]] 'Dvdkqdkvnf;NyD;a&m ...uRefawmf atmifjrif&if OD;*smBuD;udk rarYygbl; }}
]] xm;vdkufyg tudkav;&m ...tudkav;wdkYaus;Zl;awG uRefawmfYtay:rSm trsm;BuD;SdwmyJ ...}}
xdkodkY ESKwfqufajymqdkNyD; rsKd;vif;vnf; ol\vQmtm; armif;wifum zmcHNrKdUodkYjyefcJYavonf/ zefaSmufcif
rSmvnf; xdkNrKdUwGifyif qufvufaexdkifvsufSdNyD; oifwef;udkrSDcdk tvkyfjzpfaeayao;onf/ apmifNcKHxkuvnf;
zefaSmufciftm; ]] xk xa&;'if; }} wGif tdyfZufuwpfzf wae&may;xm;ao;ojziYf bmrQylp&mrvdkawmY .../
rsKd;vif;onf jyefa&mufa&mufcsif;yif ol\ bm*smodkif;udk prf;oyf&ef zefaSmufcifqDoGm;NyD; pdefac:vdkuf
awmYonf/ zefaSmufcifuvnf; pdefac:rSKudk ausauseyfeyfyif vufcHvdkufavonf/
xdkodkY rsKd;vif;u pdefac:vdkufojzifY pdefac:vQif tdrfay:txd zifvdkufcHwwfaom zefaSmufcifonf
tm;&0rf;omvufcHvdkufavawmYonf/ wef; tdyfcef;xJodkY0ifoGm;MuNyD; rsKd;vifu zefaSmufcifudk ckwifay dkY
wGef;vSJvdkufavonf/ rsKd;vif;u ...
]] uRefawmfu rrudk pdefac:wmtaMumif;Sdw,f ...}}
]] bmrsm;vJ armifav;&JU }}
]] uRefawmf tdrfudkcPjyefoGm;wm rrodw,frvm; ...}}
]] tif;av ...rif;tazqDu rkefYzdk;oGm;awmif;wmvm; }}
]] qdkygawmY ...pdwfajyvufaysmufjyef&if;eJY ynmwck&vmvdkY ...tJ'g }}
]] ynm ...}}

]] [kwfw,f rr&JU ...t&if olawmif;pm; vufaxmuf*dkPf;csKyf vSefbm*smqDuav ...}}

]] b,fol ...vSefbm*sm ...'gqdk trSKwfynmaygY }}
]] rr odw,fvm; ...}}
]] tif;av ...vSefbm*smu odkif;avmurSm trSKwfemrnfBuD;yJ ...uJ ...'gqdkvJ vmav }}
rsKd;vif;onf zefaSmufciftm; t0wftpm;rsm;cRwfay;NyD; wcsuf zmacgif;NyKH; NyKH;jyvdkufonf/ xdkYaemuf
zefaSmufcif\ tzkwftm; vQmjym;BuD;jzifY odrf;vsufvdkufonf/ xdktxdawmY bmrQrxl;qef;ao;ay/
dk;dk;wef;wef; cPavmuf *smvdkufNyD;ESifY zefaSmufciftm; cg;rSudkifum rsufESmMuufqDodkYqGJa`rSmufvdkufonf/
jyefustvmwGif atmufrSae vQmudk tpGrf;ukefqefYxkwfvdkufNyD; twGif;tm;udkydkYxm;um 90
'D*&Drwfaeatmifaxmifvdkufonf/ zefaSmufcifrSm jyefustvm tonf;at;ueJjzpfoGm;NyD;
rsKd;vif;\vQmESifYxdawGUvdkuf&&m a,mifNyD; tm;ueJ atmfvdkufrdavonf/ zefaSmufcifudk acgif;ay rf;xm;NyD;
atmufrSae vQmudk arQmYwaumifuJYodkYtokH;jyKum twGif;eH&Hrsm;rSae aemufqkH; om;tdrfacgif;a&mufatmif
yufyufpufpuf *smypfvdkufavonf/ vSefbm*sm\ enf;ynmrsm;um; qef;opfvSygayonf[k zefaSmufcifu
cHae&if;jzifYyif rSwfcsufjyKrdavonf/
rsKd;vif;\vQmonf ,cktcsdefwGif 8vufrcefYSnfxGufaeavNyD ...wcsufwcsufwGif twGif;tm;udk tpGrf;ukefokH;NyD;
vQmudkoHacsmif;uJYodkY rmawmifapum aqmifYaqmifYay;aeao;&m zefaSmufciftzdkY tvdk;cH&onf xufyif
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rsKdcsvdkuf&awmYonf/ zefaSmufcifrSm rsKd;vif;\rsufESmay:rS qif;vdkufNyD; EGrf;vspGmjzifY tdyf,may:wGif
vSJcsvdkuf&avonf/
]] b,fvdkvJ rr ...aumif;&JUvm; }}
]] tif; .....wcgrS 'Davmufraumif;zl;bl; }}
]] 'gawmif wuGufxJSdao;wm ...vSefbm*smoifay;vdkufwJYenf;aygif; ig;q,favmufSdw,f ... aemufrsm;rS
xyfprf;Munfh&rSmyJ ...}}
]] waeY wenf;yJ prf;yg armifav;&,f ...EdkYrdkY rr tm;jywfNyD;aoaeOD;r,f }}
]] tif;yg rr&JU udk,fYrryJ ...b,f'kua&mufatmif vkyfygYrvJ }}
rsKd;vif;um; trSKwfynm&yfwGif tmawGUaeavNyD ...xdkYaMumifY pum;a&mazma&mjzifY zefaSmufcif\ tzkwfudk
yGwfoyfvdkufjyefonf/ xdkYaemuf xyfrH*sm&ef apmufpdudk vQmjzifY zdcsvdkuf&m ...
]] tm; ...armifav; ...armifav; ...awmfygawmYuG,f ...}}
]] bmjzpfvdkYvJ rr&JU ...rru odkif;avmurSm emrnfBuD;yJ ...'Davmufawmif aysmY&ovm; ...}}
]] wu,fyguGm ...rr wudk,fvkH; tm;rSdawmYvdkYyg ...}}
]] &ygw,f rr&,f ...rr enf;enf; tmkHajymif;atmif uRefawmfYvD; ikHxm;av a&m ...}} qdkvdkufNyD; rsKd;vif;u
ol\vD;udk zefaSmufcifyg;pyfESifY awYay;vdkufonf/ olwdkYESpfa,mufrSm qpfpwDEdkif;ykHpHjzpfoGm;Muonf/
rsKd;vif;\vD;um; rawmifao;rDrSmyif ajcmufvufrcefYSdNyD; 'pfrSmvnf; uav;vufoD;cefYSdavonf/ olYvD;rSm
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wdkifaxmifxkuyif xGef;awmufvmrnfh Mu,fwyGifYtjzpf arQmfvifYxm;oljzpfonf/
zefaSmufcifonf rsKd;vif;\vD;udkikHvdkufNyD; vQmjzifY&pfywfum wjznf;jznf; qGay;aeonf/ ig;rdepfcefYwGif
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odkYaomf tawGUtBuKH &ifYusufvSoljzpf rMumrD tom;usoGm;onf/
rsKd;vif;rSmvnf; zefaSmufcif\ tzkwfudkorm;dk;us*smae&m cPtMumwGif ysif;&dvmojzifY zefaSmufcif
yg;pyfwGif;rS ol\vD;udkqGJxkwfvdkufNyD; ta0;rS tjyeftvSefrSKwf&ef pDpOfvdkufonf/ zefaSmufciftm;
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tjymaxmifY ...tJav vufa0SYeJYa&moGm;NyD ...rsKd;vif;u ,d atmY pef; [katmfvdkufonfESifY zefaSmufcifu
vufrwcsufaxmifjyum twGif;tm;udk vQmay:ydkYNyD; rsKd;vif;\uGrf;oD;udk *smvdkufonf/ rsKd;vif;vnf;
ppcsif;cHvdkuf&ojzifY zefaSmufcif\ oif,lwwfajrmufvG,fykHudk BudwfcsD;usL;vdkufum tm;usrcHyif
zefaSmufciftm; avodkif;jzifY rSKwfay;vdkufonf/rwfwwf&yf&if; rSKwf&ojzifY ppcsif;rSvGJ aemufydkif;wGif
odyfNyD;rxda&mufawmYay .../ xkdYaMumifY &yfem;vdkufNyD; zefaSmufcifu rsKd;vif;udk
t&ifrSKwfay;rnf[kajymvdkufonf/
rsKd;vif;vnf; vufcHvdkufNyD; ckwifay:wGifvSJtdyfvdkufonf/ zefaSmufcifu ESKwfcrf;udkoyfvdkufNyD; ol\ vQmudk
twGif;tm;xnfhum ta0;rSaeNyD; rsKd;vif;\ vD;BuD;udk tm;&yg;&rSKwfawmYonf/ twGif;tm;aumif;ol jzpf

yg;pyfxJ xnfhrSKwfonfESifYrjcm; cHtvGefaumif;aeavonf/ rsKd;vif;rSm wjznf;jznf; aumif;vmaomfvnf;

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tvkyfrvkyfatmif xdef;csKyfxm; aomfvnf; OD;aESmufESifY twGif;tm;\xdef;csKyfrSKudk aoG;om;u wjznf;jznf;tmcH
vmavonf/ MumvmonfESifYtrQ rsKd;vif;\vD;BuD;rSm wqwfqwfwkefaeavNyD ...rsm;rMumrDtcsdeftwGif;
NyD;awmYrnfudkodaom zefaSmufcifonf ta0;rSrSKwfae&mrS ajy;ikHvdkufNyD; twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;jzifY pkyf,lvdkuf&m
rsKd;vif;vnf; tSdeft[kefjyif;pGmjzifY v&nfrsm;udkyef;xkwfvkdufavawmYonf/
xdkaeYnu rnfolYrnfolrS xyfrrSKwfEdkifMuawmYyJ oa&yGJjzpfoGm;avonf/ reufrdk;vif;vnf; rEdk;MuyJ
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wdkifuG,fyGwftm; rnfodkY csKyf&rnfudk tBuHxkwfaeavonf/
olawmif;pm;*dkPf; ...
XmecsKyfwGif *dkPf;csKyf;aG;cs,fyGJjyKvkyfNyD; oefjrefavSD; *dkPf;csKyfjzpfvmNyD;aemuf *dkPf;xJwGif tpGrf;tp Sdolrsm;udk
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,if;um; x&defeif tDuGpfrefY (odkY) wD;csif;tdwf'f? oifaxmufulypnf; rjynfhpkHjcif;yifjzpfavonf/
xdktcsufudk aumif;pGmoabmaygufaom oefjrefavSD;onf *dkPf;om;rsm;\vdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;ay;&ef
BuKd;pm;aomfvnf; ...zifukef;ay;avmufatmifvnf; apwemrSdojzifY ...pOf;pm;&if; pOf;pm;&if;jzifY aiGukef
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arsmYarsmYomusefawmYonf/
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vma&mufwnf;cdkaomowif;tm; qdkifvkvifrsm;u taMumif;Mum;ojzifY ynmprf;&ef jyifqifaeavonf/
xdkaeYnu zefaSmufcifwa,muf oefjrefavSD;ESifYawGUqkH&rnfhta&;awG;um pdwftm;wufMuGaeonf/ rsKd;vif;tm;
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naeapmif;uwnf;u tcef;atmif;ae&m neufonftxd xGufrvmawmYay .../
]] atmuf tD tD; tGwf ...}}
]] atmuf tD tD; tGwf ...}}
]] atmuf tD tD; tGwf ...}}
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wa,mufxm;NyD; tm;&yg;&vdk;aeaomoludkum; rSwfrdonf/ aeYpOfvdkawGUae&aomrsufESmjzpfojzifY rSm;,Gif;p&m

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jzpfavawmYonf/ xdkYaMumifY zefaSmufcifonf waeYaeYwcsdefcsdef vdktyfvmygu EdkifuGufudkif&ef wdkifaxmifxk
ol\wnf;cdkcef;odkY vma&muftdyfpufaomaeY&uf tcsdeftwdtusESifY vufrSwf a'wmtcsuftvufrsm;udk atmuf
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qufvufSm&m a0;a0;vHvHrSmvdkuf&awmYyJ avSum;xdyfSdtcef;wGif zifvSefumtdyfaysmfaeaom olawmif;pm;
*dkPf;csKyfjzpfol oefjrefavSD;udk awGUvdkuf&avonf/ zifvSeftdyfaejcif;jzpfojzifY aygifrkefYrD;uRrf;ESpfvkH;uvnf;
atmf*vDqefp&mjzpfaeavonf/
pdwftm;xufoefaeaom zefaSmufcifvnf; tcef;wHcg;udk tomuvefYNyD;zGifYvdkuf&m aoaocsmcsm
ydwfxm;[efrwlaom wHcg;Gufrsm;rSm wjznf;jznf;yGifYxGufoGm;Muonf/ oefjrefavSD;um; odkif;orm;aumif;
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awmYonf ...,cktcsdefom wufvkyfvdkufygu olodawmifodygYrvm;? ESKd;NyD;rS ynmprf;&rvm;[l awG;awmum
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tpdwfpdwft`rTm`rTm vGifYpifoGm;onfrSwyg; arG;nif;wyifrQyif jywfawmufxdcdkufjcif; tvsif;rSday/
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jrifvdkuf&onfum; MuufwufuJYodkY cRefxGufaeaom apmufpdwckESifY rtmYwtm tzkwfwck .../
oefjrefavSD;vefYoGm;onf/ olMum;rdonfrSm NrKdUtrsLd;orD;*dkPf;u BuD;pdk;aeonf[k owif;Mum;xm;
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]] 'Du tpfrBuD;u b,folrsm;ygvJ cifAsm ...odcGifYSd&ifodyg&ap ...}}
]] rru zefaSmufcifyguG,f ...'Dwnf;cdkcef;uvnf; rrydkifwmav ...}}

]] aMomf zefaSmufcifwJYvm; ...tm; [kwfNyD [kwfNyD zdk;aSmufvifudk 'Pf&m&atmif wdkufcdkufEdkifcJYwm rraygYaemf

...av;pm;ygw,fAsm }}
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...aemf }}
]] aumif;ygNyDAsm ...}}
]] aMomf ...'geJY armifav;vnf; rSKwfwwfw,faemf ...b,fuoifxm;wmvJ }}
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ynmudk tajccHavmufyJ&vdkufw,f }}
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]] uJ ...'gqdkvnf; rrzmom yGwfaeOD;r,f ...rif; &&ifajymaygY ...}}
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nSpfvdkufNyD; oefjrefavSD;u tHBudwfvSnfhvdkuf&m zspfzspf zspfzspfjrnfoHrsm;ay Gufvmavonf/ oefjrefavSD;rSm

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xdkYaemuf vufnSKd;jzifY zifxJodkYxdk;oGif;vdkuf&m zefaSmufcifu ...
]] tm; uRwfuRwf ...rif; rif; bmvkyfwmvJ }}
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xdktcg wif;usyfaomtxdtawGUaMumifY ESpfa,mufpvkH; tHBudwfxm;vdkufrdavonf/ wdkifuG,fyGwfonf

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