R.Sayvarelize: Suli, D.N.Uznazem Metafizikuri Fsiqologia Uwoda. Istorikosebi Am Etaps Xsirad Arweren Mxolod

r.
sayvareliZe
metafizikuri paradigma fsiqologiasa da fsiqoTerapiaSi

(saleqcio kursis masala)
fsiqologiuri codnis ganviTarebis im etaps, roca fsiqikad miCneuli iyo metafizikuri realoba -
suli, d.n.uznaZem metafizikuri fsiqologia uwoda. istorikosebi am etaps xSirad aRweren mxolod,
rogorc aramecnieruli cnobierebis mravalsaukunovan Secdomas. Tu metafizikur fsiqologias
fsiqoTerapiis TvaliT SevxedavT, SeiZleba aseT calsaxa Sefasebaze uari vTqvaT iseve, rogorc
xalxur medicinas ver vafasebT Sav-TeTr ferebSi - xalxuri warmodgenebi miTologiuria, magram
maT fonze aRmoCenili samkurnalo saSualebebi dResac xSirad hkarnaxoben farmakologias
wamlebis gaumjobesebis gzebs. fsiqoTerapiaSic ganuwyvetliv iWreboda da axlac iWreba is
fsiqologiuri teqnikebi, romlebic metafizikur paradigmaSi aRmocenda aTeuli saukuneebis win.
eseigi, metafizikuri fsiqologiis av-kargi bolomde dadgenili araa. metafizikuri periodis fsiqologiuri
praqtika didi xnis ganmavlobaSi akumulirdeboda da dRes iseT formebs sTavazobs mecnierebas,
romelic xSirad aris siaxlis Semcveli. amitom, dRevandelobisTvisac Rirebulia yuradRebis
gamaxvileba fsiqologiis da fsiqoTerapiis metafizikur paradigaze.
pirvelyofili kulturebidan dawyebuli da Staineris TeosofiiT damTavrebuli sulis gagebas

sxvadasxva kulturaSi erTi saerTo aqvs - suli yvelgan miCneulia damoukideblad arsebul realobad,
sadac ar moqmedebs bunebis (berZnulad - phisis) kanonebi - sivrcis, drois, energiis, kauzalobis,
sicocxlisa da sikvdilis. Sesabamisad, am realobas metafizikurs uwodeben (berZn. meta ta phisika

niSnavs “fizikis Semdgoms”, anu zebunebrivs; termini Cv.w.-mde I saukuneSi pirvelad ixmara
andronik rodoselma aristoteles im TxzulebaTa dasaxelebad, sadac laparakia yofierebis goniT
sawvdom arsze). metafizikur realobaSi gadamwyveti aris ara kanoni, aramed azri da neba.
im realobaSi, romelsac Cven empiriuls veZaxiT, suli SegrZnebis organoebSi ar gveZleva.
amave dros, kacobrioba arsebobis yvela etapze miiCnevda rom suli arsebobs da amaze afuZnebda
Tavis msoflmxedvelobas. konkretulad ra igulisxmeba am cnebaSi? ram Seqmna misi Camoyalibebis
safuZveli? ra rols TamaSobda es cneba adamianebis cxovrobis wesSi? rogor icvleboda es kategoria
droisa da kulturis mixedviT da ra rCeboda masSi ucvleli? ra mimarTebaa am kategoriasa da im
drois fsiqologiur teqnikebs Soris, romliTac mkurnalobdnen avadmyofs? am da sxva msgavs
kiTxvebze pasuxs, upirveles yovlisa, istoria iZleva.
r.sayvareliZe. metafizikuri paradigma fsiqoTerapiaSi
Tavi I. fsiqoTerapiis elementebi pirvelyofil kulturebSi
$ 1. pirvelyofili kulturis istoriuli aspeqti
kacobriobis istorias mecniereba aRadgens arqeologiuri masaliT, eTnografiuli, kulturis Tu

werilobiTi ZeglebiT, enebis analiziT, zogjer - Tanamedrove naklebad ganviTarebuli xalxebis im
eTnografiuli TaviseburebebiT, romelic warsulTan analogiis saSualebas iZleva.
1836 wels kopenhagenis nacionaluri muzeumis mcvelma qristian tompsonma arqeologiur
masalebSi napovni iaraRebis mixedviT gamohyo sami epoqa - qvis, brinjaos da rkinis saukuneebi.
sul male damkvidrda evolucionizmi adamianis istoriis gaazrebaSi, rac gamyarda anTropologiuri
monacemebiT (berZn. anthropos - adamiani, logos - sityva, sazrisi, swavleba; antropologia aris
mecniereba adamianis warmoSobasa da ganviTarebaze, romelic xelmZRvanelobs fizikuri
agebulebis TaviseburebebiT).
arqeologiuri masalis mopovebis da daTariRebis Semdeg mkvlevarebi mividnen
daskvnamde, rom adamianis pirveli winapari, avstralopiTeki (anTropologiur saxeobaTa
dasaxelebebi dakavSirebulia samarxis gaTxris geografiul adgilTan) cxovrobda 2 milioni wlis (20
000 saukunis) win mamontisa da martorqis aw gadaSenebul saxeobebTan erTad. igi ukve
gansxvavdeboda primatebisgan imiT, rom or fexze idga da xmarobda iaraRs - xis, Zvlis Tu qvis
natexebs, ris gamoc am periodidan iwyeben qvis xanis aTvlas. qvis xanaSi gamohyofen uZvelesi
qvis xanas, anu paleoliTs (berZn.: palaios - uZvelesi da lithios - qva), romelic grZeldeba gviani
paleoliTis dasasrulamde (X aTaswleuli Cv.w-mde). am periodSi evolucia ganicada adamianis
anTropologiurma tipma - warmoiqmna piTekantropi (500 000 wlis, anu 5 000 saukunis win),
sinanTropi (4 000 saukunis win), neandertaleli (2 000 saukunis win) da kromanioneli adamiani (400
saukunis win). es ukanaskneli aRar Seclila, Cvenc igive anTropologiur tips vekuTvniT.
arqeologiur masalebSi napovni qveda ybis da Tavis qalis formebi (romlebic miuTiTeben
sametyvelo aparatisa da tvinis ganviTarebaze) iZlevian im varaudis safuZvels, rom sinanTrops,
winamorbedebisgan gansxvavebiT, adamianuri metyvelebis da azrovnebis sawyisi niSnebi ukve
hqonda. xolo Tanamedrove tipis metyveleba da, Sesabamisad, azrovnebac, Camoyalibda
kromanionelTan.
Cv. welTaRricxvamde, daaxloebiT, 120 - 50 saukunidan iwyeba mezoliTi (berZn.: mesos -
Sua), roca adamianma Seqmna mSvil-isari, moiTviniera cxovelebi. qvis xanis yvelaze gviandeli
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periodia neoliTi (berZn.: neos - axali), romelic TariRdeba Cv.w-mde 80-30 saukuniT. am periodSi
adamianma xeli mihyo miwaTmoqmedebas da mecxoveleobas, qvis iaraRis damuSavebas da
daxvewas, Seqmna Tixis WurWeli, moqsova naWeri. am periodis bolos adamianma gaakeTa
brinjaos iaraRi, riTac dasabami mieca brinjaos xanas (30-10 saukune Cv. w-mde). xolo Cv. w-mde
me-10 saukunidan iwyeba rkinis xana.
iaraRis kriteriumze dayrdnobili periodizacia universaluri araa. igi, ZiriTadad, eyrdnoba
pirveli gaTxrebis masalebs. mogvianebiT Catarebulma gaTxrebma aCvena, rom dedamiwis
sxvadasxva nawilSi adamianebi sxvadasxva dros xmarobdnen qvas, brinjaos Tu rkinas. am
klasifikaciis fardobiTobaze miuTiTebs eTnografiuli masalac. afrikis, amerikisa Tu avstraliis
miyruebul adgilebSi dResac cxovroben tomebi, romelTa cxovrebisa da warmoebis wesi qvis xanas
Seesabameba.
$ 2. sulis gageba pirvelyofil kulturaSi
1. sulis moazrebis da suliT mkurnalobis istoriuli “asaki”
adamians cxovelisgan yvelaze mkafiod ganasxvavebs is, rom enobrivi komunikaciis

procesSi igi ayalibebs msoflmxedvelobas - SexedulebaTa sistemas samyarosa da sakuTar Tavze.
msoflmxedvelobis pirveli formebi mocemulia religiuri warmodgenebis saxiT. pirvel religiur
Sexedulebebze msjeloben miwaSi napovni samarxebiT, ritualuri naxatebiT, sagnebiT da
nagebobebiT. sayuradReboa, rom ukve 2 000 saukunis win neandertalelebi marxavdnen
micvalebulebs, Tanac marxavdnen gverdze dawolili mZinaris pozaSi, umeteswilad, aRmosavleT -
dasavleTis xazis gaswvriv. Tu damarxvis faqts religiuri mizezis garda higienuri motivi SeiZleba
hqonoda, aRmosavleT-dasavleTze orientacia SeuZlebelia aixsnas sxva ramiT, mzis kultis
elementebis garda. imave epoqas miekuTvneba zogi samarxi, sadac cxovelis Zvlebia Catanebuli
micvalebulTan. es totemizmis da magiis elementebze miuTiTebs (inlisuri totem-i ajvibas indielebis
“ototemisgan” modis, sadac is niSnavs “mis Tems, sagvareulos”; es is cxoveli an mcenarea,
romelsac mTeli gvari winaprad Tvlis, scems Tayvans da krZalavs masze xelis aRmarTvas).
mezoliTisa da gviani paleoliTis xanaSi (daaxloebiT 200 000 wlis win) Cndeba
gamomsaxvelobiTi xelovnebis pirveli nimuSebi, romlebic Seicaven informacias imdroindel
cxovrebasa da cnobierebaze. magaliTad, am naxatebis siuJetebSi cxovelebis da maTTan
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dakavSirebuli ritualebis siWarbe savaraudos xdis, rom maTi Semqmnelebi nadirobiT irCendnen
Tavs da totemisturi rwmenis matareblebi iyvnen.
safrangeTis teritoriaze napovni gviani paleoliTis droindel anu, daaxloebiT, 400 saukunis
winandeli gamoqvabulis kedelze aris adamianis gamosaxuleba, romelsac cxovelis tyavi aqvs
mosxmuli. avstraliis Tu afrikis aborigenebi dRes ganviTarebis im etapze arian, romelzec
safrangeTSi napovni tyavmosxmuli adamianis figura iyo. pirvelyofili kulturis mqone am tomebSi
cxovelis tyavis gadacmis ufleba aqvs Samans, romelsac “SeuZlia” cxovels gauigivdes. es analogia
saSualebas iZleva vigulisxmoT, rom ormoci aTasi wlis winandel gamovabulSic kedelze gamoxatuli
aris jadoqri, Samani. radgan Samanuri praqtika dResac axasiaTebs bevr eTnoss, eTnografiuli
masala saSualebas iZleva movaxdinoT arqauli Samanuri praqtikis rekonstruqcia. es CvenTvis
mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac viciT, rom Samanis erTerTi funqcia mkurnaloba iyo.
Samani mkurnalobda, ZiriTadad, im meTodebiT, rasac dRes fsiqoTerapiuls vuwodebT.
Sesabamisad, fsiqoTerapiuli mkurnalobis arqauli formebi Samanis institutSi aris saZebneli.
zemoTqmulis gamo savaraudoa, rom fsiqoTerapiuli praqtikis asaki, daaxloebiT, 400 saukunea.
2. animizmisturi paradigma religiaSi
cnobierebis religiuroba ukve gulisxmobs, rom mas sulis kategoria gaaCnia. erTerTi
farTedEgavrcelebuli mosazreba aris, rom adreul religiur warmodgenebs safuZvlad edo, egreT
wodebuli, animizmi. religiis istoriis pirveli stadiis aRsaniSnad termini “animizmi” (laT. anima,
animus-idan, rac samSvinvels da suls niSnavs) mecnierebaSi eduard bernet tailorma (1832-1917)
daamkvidra. igi animizms, anu sulTa arsebobis rwmenas Tvlida “religiurobis minimumad”.
animizmi gulisxmobs, rom gasulierebulia yvelaferi, gansakuTrebiT is, rasac cvlilebis unari gaaCnia
- adamiani, misi sxeulis nawilebi, cxovelebi, mcenareebi, geografiuli adgilebi, bunebis Zalebi da
ciuri sxeulebi.
tailors miaCnda, rom uZvelesi adamianis ZiriTadi kiTxvebi iyo: ra gansxvavebaa cocxal da
mkvdar sxeuls Soris? ra aris sifxizlis, Zilis, eqstazis, avadmyofobis da sikvdilis mizezi? ras
warmoadgenen sizmrebi da xilvebi? uZvelesi adamiani am kiTxvebs pasuxobda “sulis” cnebiT.
3. “sulis” gaazreba
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sulis animistur gagebaze mdidar masalas iZleva eTnografia da ligvistika. yvela enaSi aris
iseTi sityva, romelsac qarTulSi Seesabameba “suli”. am fonze sainteresoa is msgavseba, rasac sulis
gagebaSi xSirad avlenen erTmaneTisgan kardinalurad gansxvavebuli (magaliTad, animisturi da
qristianuli) kulturebi.
sulxan-saba orbeliani wers: “nergnica sulierad iTqmian, rameTu aqvT maT moZraobisa da
aRorZinebiTisa da Teslovnebisa Zali. xolo s u l i p i r u t y v T a, romel ars samSvinveli,
sisxlisaobiTi da sicocxliT ganmatfelobiTi, moZraobiTi, nivTierisa Zalisa moqmedeba da grZnobisa
qoneba; xolo k a c T a s u l i - sityvieri, arseba-gonieri, usxeulo, ucnauri, sityvieri da ukvdavi,
arseba-wvlili, usaxo, xati da msgavsi RvTisa; s u l i a n g e l o z i - sityvieri da gonieri da meore
naTeli....; s u l i w m i d a - dambadebeli amaT yovelTa, pirveli naTeli da miuwvdomeli; qarnica
sulad uTqvamT”. sityva “sulis” es ganmarteba “leqsikon qarTulSi” aqvs motanili sulxan-sabas.
ganmarteba qristianuli kulturaSia Camoyalibebuli, Tumc vnaxavT, rom cxovelebis, adamianebis,
“qarni”-s da religiuri personaJebis sulier arsebebad gaazreba xSirad sxva religiebis farglebSic
gvxvdeba, rac religiuri cnobierebis saerTo Zirebze miuTiTebs. sruliad gansxvavebul, magram
sayuradRebo suraTs qmnis sxvadasxva enebSi arsebuli “sulis” omonimebi (erTi sityviT sxvadasxva
mniSvnelobebis aRniSvna).
tasmanielebTan suli da Crdili erTi sityviT aRiniSneba, radgan iTvleba, rom micvalebulis
suli Crdilis an aCrdilis saxiT evlineba cocxlebs (aCrdils Crdilis ieric aqvs). asevea indielebis bevr
tomSi. am omonimias Sesabamisi rwmena udevs safuZvlad, kerZod - rom adamianis suli mis
CrdilSicaa. basutus tomSi miaCniaT, rom Tu niangma kbilebi Caaso mdinaris piras mimavali
adamianis Crdils, igi adamiansac CaiTrevs. am warmodgenebis fonze damRupvelad iTvleba Crdilis
dakargva. pirvelyofil tomebSi da evropul folklorSic farTed aris gavrcelebuli Tqmulebebi adamianis
Sesaxeb, romelmac Crdili dakarga, rac sabediswero xdeba Tqmulebis personaJisTvis, radgan Crdilis
dakargva sulis (Sesabamisad - sicocxlis) dakargvis tolfasia.
cnobilia evropul da aRmosavlur enebSi dafiqsirebuli kavSiri (maT Soris, omonimia) sulsa
da sunTqvas Soris (SeadareT Sesabamisi sityvebi inglisiur da rusul enebSi; aseve - qarTuli, sadac
“sunTqvis” sinonimebia “sulis kveTa” da “sulTqma”). aseve erTi sityviT aRniSnaven am or
realobas dasavleT avstralielebi, netelas xalxi kaloforniaSi da a.S. sunTqvasa da suls Soris mWidro
kavSiris rwmena uxvadaa sxvadasxva kulturaSi.
mTel rig xalxTa warmodgeniT micvalebulidan amodis sunTqva, rogorc suli. floridis
indielebi momakvdavi mSobiares saxis win ikaveben axaldabadebuls, rom masSi gadavides dedis
Zala da sibrZne. igive mosazrebiT Zvel romSi momakvdavis axlobeli cdilobda misi ukanaskneli
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amosunTqvis SesunTqvas. sunTqvasTan sulis dakavSireba bunebrivia, ramdenadac sunTqva

sicocxlis niSania, xolo suli sicocxlis mizezi. es logika safuZvels moklebuli ar unda iyos im fonze,
rom suli sxva sasicocxlo procesebTanac aqvT dakavSirebuli.
suls xSirad ukavSireben pulsacias da guliscemas. warmodgena, rom suli gulSia, gavrcelebuli
iyo msoflios TiTqmis yvela xalxSi (qarTul enaSi analogiuri faqti Seiswavla akademikosma
a.frangiSvilma). suli da sisxlis kavSirs aRiareben karenebi da papuasebi. analogiuri azriT
gamsWvalulia ebrauli da arabuli filosofia.
sulis cnebaSi sunTqvis, sisxlis, gulis da aCrdilis gaerTianebas garkveuli warmodgenebi
udevs safuZvlad. magaliTad, nikaraguas aborigenebs miaCniaT, rom momakvdavi adamianis
piridan suli amodis faqizi substanciis mqone adamianis magvari arsebis saxiT. igi ar kvdeba, kvdeba
sxeuli. am arsebas Tan miaqvs adamianis guli. tirolis glexebs aqamde swamT, rom momakvdavis
piridan suli mcire Rrubelis saxiT amodis.
4. sikvdili da avadmyofoba
yvela tipis religiuri kultura miiCnevs, rom sxeulSi sulis Casaxleba aZlevs sxeuls sicocxles.
Sesabamisad, miaCniaT, rom sikvdili sxeulisgan sulis wasvlaa. sikvdil-sicocxlis amgvari gaazreba
aris sulis kategoriis safuZveli.
adamianis avadmyofoba an gonebis dakargva samxreT avstralielebisTvis imis niSania, rom
es adamiani sulma miatova. fijis aborigenebic aseve Tvlian, magram miaCniaT, rom suli daZaxilze
SeiZleba mobrundes da... uZaxian avadmyofis suls misi gankurnebis mizniT. CrdiloeT amerikis
algonkinel indielebs miaCniaT, rom adamianis avadmyofobis mizezi Crdilis dakargvaa (rac isev
sulis dakargvas niSnavs) da misi dabrunebis Semdeg unda frTxilad iyos, sanam Crdili masSi ar
ganmtkicdeba. CrdiloeT aziis Turanebi da TaTrebic Tvlian, rom avadmyofobis dros suli tovebs
sxeuls. igive mosazrebas vxvdebiT budistur tomebSi, sadac adamians suls lama ubrunebs axloblebis
garemocvaSi. birmaSi karenebi pepelasaviT iWeren avadmyofisgan Zilis dros gafrenil suls,
uZaxian, sTavazoben mas sakvebs, tkbileuls da a.S. CrdiloeT gvineis zangebs miaCniaT, rom
fsiqikuri daavadebac imis Sedegia, rom sulma miatova adamiani. es zogadi modeli konkretul
“diagnozsac” gulisxmobs, romlis drosac unda dadgindes jer is, Tu romelma sulma miatova sxeuli da
Semdeg is, Tu sad aris amJamad igi.
gavrcelebulia rwmena, rom erT arsebaSi sxvadasxva sulia - sxvadasxva sityvebiT
aRiniSneba suli, romelic sicocxles warmoSobs, romelic saflavis Tavze trialebs, Crdilis bneli suli da
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naTeli suli, sarkesa Tu wyalSi areklili suli da a.S. erT adamianSi sulTa simravlis modeli gvxvdeba
rogorc primitiul xalxebSi, aseve gviani periodis filosofosebTan (klasikuri magaliTia aristotele).
5. sizmari, transi da moCvenebebi
sizmars TiTqmis yvela arqauli kultura miiCnevs, rom Zilis dros sxeulidan suli droebiT
gadis. am mosazrebis argumenti yvelgan aris sizmari da misi Sinaarsi, sadac adamiani naxulobs
sxvadasxva adgilebs. radgan am dros sxeuli uZravadaa (risi mowmeeebic garSemo uxvada arian),
adamians miCnia, rom sizmarSi mogazurobs suli. Tu didxans ar dabrunda Zilis dros wasuli suli,
adamiani SeiZleba daavaddes an daiRupos. saerTod, es niSnavs, rom sizmari, avadmyofoba da
sikvdili erTi procesis variantebia.
amerikeli indielebi Tvlidnen, rom mZinare suli tovebs adamianis sxeuls misTvis mimzidveli
sagnebis saZebnelad. adamianma sizmarSi sulis mier nanaxi sagnebi gaRviZebis Semdeg aucileblad
unda SeiZinos, raTa maTze danatrebulma sulma meore dRes ar miatovos sxeuli, rasac avadmyofoba
da sikvdili mohyveba. axalzelandielebi Tvlian, rom Zilis dros sxeulidan gasuli suli mogzaurobs
megobrebis sanaxavad, maT Soris micvalebulTa samyaroSi. sizmrebSi xSirad figurireben
micvalebulebi, visac realobaSi veRar xvdeba adamiani. savaraudoa, rom es faqti aiZulebda
adamians suli daekavSirebina imqveyniur samyarosTan.
animisturi azrovnebisTvis sizmarSi sulis mogzauroba imdenadaa realobis nawili, rom
moqmedebs cxovrebis wesze. birmaSi mdinareebze Wimaven Tokebs, radgan miaCniaT, rom suls
ar SeuZlia wyalze gadasvla da Rame mZinareTa sulebis Tavisuflad sasiarulod Tokis aseTi xidebia
saWiro.
ZilSi sulis mogzaurobis ideis gamo bevrgan akrZalulia mZinaris gaRviZeba - suli ver
moaswrebs dabrunebas da adamiani SeiZleba daavaddes an mokvdes. analogiuri modeli uxvad
gvxvdeba maRali civilizaciis kulturebSic, magaliTad vedantasa Tu kabalaSi. amave modeliT aris
ganpirobebuli evropel xalxebSi gavrcelebuli rwmena, rom cudia mZinaris gadabruneba, radgan
sulma SeiZleba veRar icnos sxeuli ukan dabrunebis dros.
sxeuls suli tovebs transis mdgomareobaSic, rac animisturi azrovnebisTvis arsebiTad ar
gansxvavdeba Zilisgan. transSi sxeulidan gamosuli sulis mogzaurobis Tema xSirad gvxvdeba
sxvadasxva xalxis miTologiasa da folklorSi, rac miuTiTebs am warmodgenis arqaulobaze.
magaliTad, skandinavuri legenda belad ingimundze gavuwyebs, rogor gadawyvita man islandiaSi
wasvla. man sami fineli daamwyvdia sami dRiT da mosTxova enaxaT islandia. isini Cavardnen
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samdRian transSi, “gaagzavnes” sulebi samogzaurod da sulebis dabrunebis Semdeg mouTxres

ingimunds islandiis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg ingimundma gadawyvita gamgzavreba.
moCvenebaze TiTqmis igive iTqmis, rac sizmarze. e.tailori Tvlis, rom pirvelyofili
sazogadoebis wevrisTvis sizmrisa da moCvenebis Sinaarsebi iseve realuria, rogorc fxizeli aRqmis
xati. saerTod, primitiuli tomebis macxovreblebi bevr da cxovel sizmrebs xedaven da miiCneven
realobad, Semdeg uyvebian erTmaneTs rogorc cxovrebiseul movlenas. tailori Tvlis, rom
avadmyofobis, narkotikuli zemoqmedebis, daRlilobis an emociuri egzaltaciis mdgomareobebs,
romelSic halucinatoruli gancdebi advilad Cndeba, pirvelyofilebi anomaliad ar ganicdian. am
mdgomareobaSi nanaxze Semdeg msjeloben sxvebTan erTad, rac yvela sazogadoebaSi xels
uwyobs, rom gamravldnen sulTa mxilvelebi. yovelive es zrdis moCvenebebis sixSires. amitom
moCvenebebi, iseve rogorc sizmrebi, mniSvnelovan adgils ikaveben pirvelyofilTa cxovrebaSi.
6. sulis ieri
mosazrebidan, gardacvlilTa sulebs sizmris an moCvenebis saxiT xedavs adamiani, logikurad

gamomdinareobda, rom suls aqvs ieri. sizmrebisa da moCvenebebis gamocdilebidan gamomdinare
animistur kulturaSi iTvleba, rom sxeulisgan gaTavisuflebuli suli isev sxeulis iers iRebs da swored
amis wyalobiT aris cnobadi. amdenad, suli amqveyniuri garegnuli niSnebis matarebeli aris im
qveynad. am logikiT xelmZRvanelobs avstralieli aborigeni, roca moklul mters aWris im TiTs,
romliTac, Cveulebriv, Subi ukaviaT tyorcnis dros. avstralieli Tvlis, rom mtris suls im qveynad aRar
eqneba TiTi, anu Subis (Sub-moCvenebis) tyorcnis unari da zians veRar miayenebs mas
imqveyniur cxovrebaSi (SesaZlebelia, adre igive logika iyo Cadebuli mklavis moWris tradiciaSi,
romelic kavkasiis mTis xalxebSia gavrcelebuli). maRali kulturis qveynebSic xSirad aqceven
yuradRebas sulis sxeulebriv iers. Cinelebi gvianobamde gansakuTrebul sasowarkveTaSi mohyavda
Tavis mokveTiT sikvdils, radgan miaCndaT, rom maTi suli imqveynadac Tavis gareSe wardgeboda
da ver iqneboda cnobadi.
sulis sxeulebrivi ieris ideac aCens Sebrunebul logikas, kerZod - rom gamosaxuleba imis
sulis matarebelia, rasac gamosaxavs. Tu naxati imis sulis matarebelia, vis gamosaxulebasac igi
warmoadgens, naxatis dazianebiT an ganadgurebiT SeiZleba xelvyoT (davazianoT an movklaT)
naxatze gamosaxuli arseba. am modelidan logikuri xdeba rwmena, rom cudi niSania, Tu adamianis
sarkeSi yurebis dros sarke (anu adamianis gamosaxuleba am sarkeSi) gatyda. savaraudoa, rom
8
swored es rwmena ganapirobebs magiis bevr formulas - sarkis akrZalvas zogierT kulturaSi, naxatisa
Tu kerpis saxiT RvTaebis gamosaxvis akrZalvas da sxva.
7. suli da fizikuri garemo
ieris garda suls sxva kavSirebic aqvs fizikur samyarosTan, magaliTad - suli nawilobriv
damokidebulia fizikur pirobebze. zemoT ukve moviyvaneT magaliTi, romelSic suls Tokis xids
uWimaven wyalze gadasasvlelad. CrdiloeT amerikis indielebi saxls bades avleben garSemo, rom
RamiT daicvan Tavi daZinebuli mezoblebis moxetiale sulebisgan. kongos zangebi erTi weli ar
hgvian micvalebulis saxls, rom amtvrianebiT ar Seawuxon gardacvlilis suli. amave motiviT ar
asufTaveben tinkinelebi saxls axal wels, radgan am dros micvalebulTa sulebi sadResaswaulod
brundebian axloblebTan.
8. sulis masa
fizikur realobasTan sulis kavSiris kidev erTi aspeqtia sulis masa, rac xSirad gvxvdeba sxvadasxva
kulturaSi. pirvelyofil tomebSi farTed gavrcelebuli Cveulebaa, rom iatakze nacari dayaron, raTa
gamoCndes sulebis da demonebis nafexurebi. zogjer sawolis Cazneqva mianiSnebs, rom avadmyofi
bavSvis gverdiT gardacvlili dedis suli dawva. tonganelebisTvis adamianis suli haeriviT masis
mqonea. zogan sinaTlis, zogan orTqlis an eTeris magvari substancia aris miCneuli sulis substanciad.
am SemTxvevebSi sulic sxeulad ganixileba, oRond msubuq da aramkvriv sxeulad. garda animisturi
kulturisa uxvad aris amgvari ideebi klasikur berZenul Tu qristianul filosofiaSi. sxvadasxva
ganviTarebis xalxebSi sxvadsxva formiT gvxvdeba idea, rom suls aqvs wona. es idea aRwevs
Tanamedrove spiritualur moZRvrebebamde, sadac wonac dasaxelebulia - 3 an 4 uncia (wonis
inglisuri erTeuli), anu 85,05 an 113,4 grami.
9. sulis urTierTobebi
suli aramarto amqveyniuri fizikuri TavisebebiT xasiaTdeba, aramed urTierTobebiTac.

imqveynad amqveyniuri urTierTobebis gagrZelebis idea udevs safuZvlad Cveulebas, rom
micvalebuls saflavSi Caatanon sagnebi, romelsac igi amqveynad xmarobda. am rwmenas adasturebs
9
yvela qveynis da yvela civilizaciis samarxi, gansakuTrebiT, Tu igi warCinebul pirs ekuTvnoda.
saflavSi im sagnebis Cadeba, romelsac micvalebuli amqveynad xmarobda (es tradicia arc
TanamedroveebisTvis aris ucxo), ganpirobebuli iyo rwmeniT, rom imqveynad mas igive
urTierToba eqneba am sagnebTan.
micvalebulisTvis sxva adamianebis msxverplad Sewirvac dakavSirebulia rwmenasTan, rom
SewirulTa sulebi micvalebulTan iseTive urTierTobas gaagrZeleben, rac amqveynad hqondaT.
amitom, msxverplad iwireboda micvalebulis msaxurebi, monebi, colebi. fijis kunZulebze 1839 wels
aborigenebma daaRrCves 80 qali, radgan brZolaSi daiRupnen maTi qmrebi, romlebsac imqveynad
sWirdebodaT moyvaruli meuRleebi. sayuradReboa, rom kulturis ganviTarebasTan erTad am,
Tanamedrove TvalsazrisiT, barbarosuli ritualebis gavrceleba daklebis magivrad matulobda.
cnobilia, rom ganviTarebis garkveul etapamde evropis, aziis, afrikis da amerikis materikis TiTqmis
yvela civilizaciaSi beladis an mefis gardacvalebisas mas msxverplad swiravdnen meomrebs, ymebsa
da colebs. sul ukanasknel periodamde indoeTSic, sadac xSirad codvad aris miCneuli mweris
mokvlac ki, wvavdnen qvrivebs gardacvlili meuRlisaTvis. rogorc Cans, adamianis mokvla
micvalebulisTvis msxverplSewirvaa da amitom ar miiCneoda codvad. es modeli axasiaTebs yvela
msxerplSewirvas - RmerTisTvis adamianis, cxovelis Tu sakvebis msxerplad mitana codvad ar
iTvleboda da gulisxmobda, rom maTTan RmerTs igive urTierToba eqneba, rac amqveyniur
cxovrebaSi aris dakanonebuli. es paraleli, micvalebulis sulisa da RmerTis mimarT erTnairi
damokidebuleba kidev erTxel gvaxsenebs im mosazrebas, rom religiur cnobierebaSi SeiZleba
RmerTis idea sulis, kerZod - micvalebulTa sulis ideidan iRebdes dasabams.
imqveyniuri cxovrebisTvis adamianis Sewirva yovelTvis micvalebulis axloblebs ar
ukavSirdeboda. idaanebTan iTvleboda, rom kacs imqveynad imdeni yma eyoleba, ramden
adamiansac moklavs igi amqveynad. xSirad isini monas yidulobdnen marto imisTvis, rom moeklaT.
daiakebTan igive idea Camoyalibda rwmenaSi, rom imqveyniur msaxurTa ricxvi ganpirobebulia
amqveynad kacis mier mokveTili Tavebis raodenobiT. amitom, adamianis Rirsebis gamoxatuleba
iyo misi saxlis win aRmarTuli mokveTili Tavebis goraki. amerikel indielebTan analogiur
“funqcias” asrulebda saxlis win gamokidebuli skalpebi. msgavsi Cveuleba bevr kulturaSi
dasaturdeba.
10. cxovelis suli
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sainteresoa cxovelis sulis Tema. animisturi cnobiereba cxovelze xSirad iseve msjelobs,
rogorc adamianze, risi radikaluri gamovlenac aris totemizmi. xSirad iseve, rogorc cnobil adamians
miewereba xolme gvaris dawyeba, winaparad moiazreba cxoveli, ufro zustad - cxovelis suli. es
totemisturi damokidebuleba Semdeg cxovelis gaRmerTebis safuZveli xdeba, risi elementic aris
TiTqmis yvela religiaSi. adamians mokluli cxovelis sulis iseve eSinia, rogorc micvalebuli adamianis
sulis. monadire xSirad patiebas iTxovs momavali msxverplisgan nadirobis win da Semdeg mis suls
Tavad swiravs msxverlps, rom Tavidan aicilos misi ganrisxeba. Crdilo-amerikeli indielebi xSirad
eridebian gvelis mokvlas, radgan misi sulis SurisZiebis eSiniaT, zogjer - aRmerTeben mas. Tu
indieli daglija daTvma, igulisxmeba, rom man sxva daTvis Suri iZia. amitom moklul daTvs
sTxoven patiebas, xSirad mSvidobis yalionsac ewevian masTan erTad - Txrian pirSi anTebul
yalions da suls uberaven. cxovelebis mimarT analogiur damokidebulebas vawydebiT afrikis da aziis
xalxebSic. sul cota xnis win koriakebi daTvs an mgels rom moklavdnen, tyavs aZrobdnen da
gadaacmevdnen erTerT Tanasoflels. mere mis garSemo iwyebdnen ritualur cekvas da simRerebs,
romlebSic arwmunebdnen cxovels, rom daTvis sikvdili maTi, koriakebis brali ki ar aris, aramed
viRac rusi aris damnaSave. zogierT ganviTarebul kulturaSi moklul cxovelTan urTierTobas
xumrobis saxe aqvs miRebuli, rac savaraudos xdis, rom arqaul periodSi mas Tayvans scemdnen
(aseve SeiZleba ganvixiloT cxovelTa saxeebiT Warbi qarTuli berikaobac, romelsac bevri analogi
arsebobs sxvadasxva qveyanaSi).
yovelive es da sxva mravali faqti miuTiTebs, rom cxovelSi igulisxmeba iseTive suli, rogorc
adamianSia - iseTive survilebi, gansjis, sizmrebis Tu moCvenebebis xilvis, imqveyniur samyaroSi
gardasvlis iseTive unari.
grelandielebi fiqrobdnen, rom avdmyofi adamianis suli jadoqarma SeiZleba Secvalis
kurdRlis, iremis an bavSvis suliT. assamaSi kukis toms miaCnia, rom maT mier mokluli yvela
cxoveli imqveynad misi sakuTreba iqneba iseve, rogorc omSi mokluli adamiani. analogiuri
warmodgenebi aqvT zulusebs. bevr pirvelyofil sazogadoebaSi micvalebuls iseve atandnen mis
sayvarel cxovelebs (gansakuTrebiT, cxenebs), rogorc cols da msaxurebs. CrdiloeT amerikaSi
gardacvlil bavSvebTan marxavdnen ZaRls, raTa misi suli bavSvs daexmareboda saiqios gzis
povnaSi. actekebTan ZaRls klavdnen, rom misi suli micvalebulTa samyarosken gzis gakvalvaSi
daxmareboda patronis suls. analogiuri tradiciebi gvxvdeba aziisa da evropis bevr qveynaSi.
cxovelTa sulebis ukvdavebaze msjeloben piTagora da platonic. antikur warmodgenebSi ki ukve
iyofa - “anima” cxoveluri suli (romelic adamiansac aqvs; qarTulad mas samSvinveli ewodeba)
“animusisgan”, anu specifiurad adamianis sulisagan.
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11. mcenaris, sagnis da adgilis suli
ramdenadac mcenare iseve, rogorc cxoveli, ibadeba, izrdeba da kvdeba, masac miewereboda
sulis garkveuli saxe. mcenareuli sulis Tema gavrcelebuli iyo uZveles periodSi, Sua saukuneebSic da
dResac araa daviwyebuli. mcenaris suli xSirad cxovelisas utoldeboda. karenTa toms miaCnia, rom
adamianis analogiurad mcenaris avadmyofobac misi sulis wasvlis Sedegia. amitomac brinjis cudi
mosavalis dros specialuri ritualebi ewyoba brinjis sulis ukan mosabruneblad.
am tipis magaliTebi srul suraTs mainc ver qmnis imis Taobaze, Tu rogor warmoedgina
pirvelyofil adamians mcenaris suli. faqtia, rom mcenareebs (yvavilebis garda) ar ayolebdnen
micvalebuls imqveynad gamoyenebisTvis. meores mxriv, farTed aris gavrcelebuli rwmena, rom
adamianis suli gadadis mcenareSi (misi anareklia sasaflaoze yvavilis an xis dargva da movla,
xesTvis Txovna - “natvris xe”, an farTed gavrcelebuli wminda tyis kulti).
pirvelyofil cnobierebaSi vxvdebiT aramarto cxovelebis da mcenareebis, aramed sagnebis
sulebs. sulierad ganixileba qva, joxi, iaraRi, mdinare, mTa da a.S. maTi gasuliereba vlindeba imaSi,
rom TiToeul maTgans adamiani sityviT mimarTavs, xandaxan ritualiTac ki, gulisxmobs maTSi
azrovnebis da nebis mqone arsebas. amis erTerTi safuZveli SeiZleba iyos sizmari - sizmarSi
adamiani xom xedavda sxva adamianis samossac, iaraRsac, sxvadasxva sagnebs da landSafts, ufro
zustad - maT gamosaxulebas, anu maT suls. amitom, mas es sizmriseuli STabeWdilebebi
hkarnaxobdnen, rom sagnebis suli arsebobs. es rwmena gansakuTrebiT iyo gavrcelebuli birmaSi,
fijis kunZulebze da CrdiloeT amerikaSi. am ukanasknelis ajibves tomSi Tvlidnen, rom sagnebis
sulebi iseve gadasaxldebian imqveynad, rogorc adamianTa sulebi. es rwmenac gulisxmobs, rom
imqveyniuri samyaro amqveyniuris analogia.
gavrcelebulia mniSvnelovani adgilis ganxilva specifikuri sulis samflobelod. amgvari
warmodgenebi dRemde yvela xalxSia SemorCenili (SeadareT - “adgilis deda” an “fuZisa da Weris
angelozi” saqarTveloSi). adgilTa sulebi SeiZleba keTilganwyobili iyvnen, SeiZleba - ara. amitom,
maT msxverpls swiravdnen iseve, rogorc micvalebulebs an RmerTebs.
12. usxeulo sulebi
Cven aqamde ganvixilavdiT miwieri arsebebisa Tu sagnebis gasulierebas, rogorc animizmis

gamovlinebas. animizmis etepzec da, gansakuTrebiT, mis Semdeg religiebSi aRiareben iseT sulebs,
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romlebsac sxeuli ar gaaCniaT. animistur kulturaSi aseTebi arian micvalebulTa sulebi, boroti da
keTili sulebi. mogvianebiT Cndebian demonebi, angelozebi, RmerTebi. yvela maTgans adamianis
msgavsad aqvs Semecnebis unari, survilebi da emociebi. adamianisgan gansxvavebiT maT ara aqvT
sxeuli da amdenad - arian ukvdavebi da floben mistikur Zalas.
13. “sulis” cnebis fsiqologiuri safuZvlebi pirvelyofil kulturaSi
ganxiluli masalaSi yvelaze ufro saintereso aris is, riTac gansxvavdeba sulis cneba animistur
kulturaSi gviandelTan SedarebiT. erTerT amgvar gansxvavebad SeiZleba miviCnioT is, rom
animisturi cnobierebisTvis suli iseve aris mocemuli empiriul gamocdilebaSi, rogorc nebismieri sxva
realoba, igi dakvirvebadia, kerZod - mas xedaven sizmrebSi da halucinaciebSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom animisturi cnobierebis saerTo niSnebs vnaxulobT TiToeuli kontinentis
aborigenul mosaxleobaSi, anu maTTan, vinc adre erTmaneTisgan geografiulad da kulturulad
izolirebuli iyo. es savaraudos xdis, rom sulis kategoria Camoyalibebis etapze iseTi faqtorebis
gavlenas ganicdida, romelic ar daiyvaneba kulturaTSoris kontaqtebze.
tailori Tvlis, rom animisturi modeli imdenad axlosaa imasTan, rasac grZnobis organoebi
gvidastureben, imdenad racionaluria da kargad ergeba bevr movlenas, rom arqaulobis miuxedavad,
masTan religiis da mecnierebis dapirispirebis miuxedavad, misi kvali dRemde arsebobs kulturasa da
kulturuli adamianis cnobierebaSi. Tu sulis arseboba dRevandeli scientisturi (mecnieruli) kulturis
matarebeli adamianisTvisacaa misaRebi, advili warmosadgenia ramdenad daeyrdnoboda am cnebas
pirvelyofili adamiani, romelsac ar unda hqonoda sakuTari sulieri procesebis “undoblobis”, anu
TviTdakvirvebaSi mocemuli gancdebis eWvqveS dayenebis safuZveli. amitom, bevri mkvlevari
(upirveles yovlisa, TviT tailori) varaudobs, rom pirvelyofili adamianisTvis erTnairad realuri unda
yofiliyo aRqmis, sizmris da halucinaciis Sinaarsebi, radgan TviTdakvirvebaSi aRqmas, sizmars da
halucinacias erTnairad axlavs realobis gancda.
adamiani introspeqciis (sakuTar gancdebze dakvirvebis) unaris mqone arsebaa. mis
introspeqciul gamocdilebaSia: 1) adamianis gareT arsebuli realobis eqsteroceptuli gancdebi;
2) adamianis sxeulis mdgomareobis introceptuli gancdebi guliscemis, sunTqvis, tkivilis, moZraobis
Tu sxva sxeulebrivi procesebis Sesaxeb; 3) adamianSi realurad arsebuli intenciis, midrekilebis
gancda imis mimarT, rac jer ar arsebobs, magaliTad - moTxovnileba, survili, emocia, neba da a.S.
4) aw ararsebuli warsuli gamocdilebis gancdebi, romelTagan Sedgeba mexsiereba; 5) sakuTari
azris, varaudis gancda saganTa da movlenaTa Sesaxeb; 6) gancdebi, romlebsac realobis grZnoba ar
13
axlavs - fantazia, ocneba, momavlis warmodgena da a.S. 7) gancdebi, romlebsac realobis grZnoba
axlavs, magram isini realobasTan logikur SesabamisobaSi ar arian, risi magaliTicaa sizmari da
halucinacia, anu fantaziis specifiuri saxe realobis gancdiT, romelSic bunebis kanonebi
ugulvebelyofilia. es introspeqciuli masala saerToa yvela adamianisTvis.
amave dros, adamiani yovelTvis cdilobda da cdilobs garkveul logikaSi moeqcios miRebuli
STabeWdilebebi. savaraudoa, rom pirvelyofili adamiani ecdeboda erTian logikur sistemaSi
gaerTianebina zemoT CamoTvlili introspeqciuli STabeWdilebebi. Tu misTvis realuri iyo yvelaferi,
rasac axlda realobis gancda, is logikur sirTuleebs waawydeboda - saerTo logika ar eZebneba
realobis grZnobiT gaerTianebul eqstero-introcefcias da sizmrebs. am sirTulis daZlevis ori gza
arsebobda - an erTerTi STabeWdilebis adeqvaturoba unda uaryofiliyo (magaliTad, sizmrisa da
halucinaciebis realobaze uaris Tqma, rogorc Cven vakeTebT; induri filosofia aRqmaSi mocemul
realobas miiCnevs iluziad), an aRiarebuliyo ori gansxvavebuli bunebis mqone obieqturi realoba -
erTis mxriv, fizikur anu sxeulebriv kanonebze da, meores mxriv, eqstra-fizikur anu sulier
kanonebze agebuli realobebi (pirvelyofili adamianis damokidebuleba).
usxeulo arsebaTa moqmedebas adamiani akvirdeboda sizmrebisa da halucinaciebis
siuJetebSi - aq aRar moqmedebda sivrcisa da drois, gaSualebuli mizez-Sedegobriobis da forma-
Sinaarsis erTianobis kanonebi. adamiani, romelic sxeulebriv samyaroSi nabij-nabij
gadaadgildeboda, sulier samyaroSi (sizmarSi) myisierad faravda didi sivrces an dafrinavda; igi
fizikuri Zalisxmevis gareSe, mxolod azris gaelvebis Sedegad angrevda an agebda qalaqebs; is
SeiZleba yofiliyo misTvis Cveul sxeulSi an gadasaxlebuliyo savsebiT uCveulo formaSi da a.S.
sakuTari pirovnebis im nawils, romelic am ze-bunebriv samyaroSi imyofeboda maSin, roca mis
sxeuls eZina, pirvelyofilma adamianma uwoda suli.
Tanamedrove zrdasrul adamians erTi Tavisebureba ganasxvavebs bavSvis da pirvelyofili
adamianisgan - igi ar ujerebs realobis gancdas, azrovnebas ufro endoba. amgvari orientaciis da
sizmris realobasTan winaaRmdegobis gamo mas miaCnia, rom misi xilvebi realobis suraTi araa,
isini an miniSnebaa realobaze, an, saerTod, cnobierebis TamaSia da meti araferi. amisgan
gansxvavebiT, patara bavSvi da animisturi cnobiereba realobad Tvlis yvelafers, rasac realobis
gancda axlavs Tan, maT Soris - sizmriseul da halucinatorul xilvebs. cnobierebis adreuli formebis
istoriasa da ontogenezSi dadasturebuli es Taviseburebebi, savaraudoa, rom safuZvlad edeba sulis
msoflmxedvelobriv gaazrebis saerTo niSnebs sxvadasxva kulturaSi.
amasTanave, animisturi kulturis specifika imaSia, rom adamianma sakuTari moZraobis
dakvirvebadi mizezebi (azrebi, survilebi) gadaitana sxva sxeulebis moZraobis asaxsnelad da, amis
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Sedegad, maTSi sulis arseboba dauSva. am “paradigmis” gaCena bunebrivia - adamiani xom
yvelaze ufro Tavdajerebuli sakuTari qcevis axsnisas iyo. amitom, logikuria, adamians daeSva, rom
yvela movlenis determinanti am movlenis sulia.
***
im animisturi msoflmxedvelobidan, rom fizikur realobas ganapirobeben metafizikuri sulebi,
logikurad gamodinareobda cxovrebis strategia - sxeulTa samyarosTan dakavSirebuli praqtikuli
problemebis gadaWrisTvis adamians unda moexdina gavlena sulTa samyaroze, romelic Semdeg
Secvlida fizikur sinamdviles. am gziT cdilobda adamiani mieRo misTvis sasurveli amindi, nayofieri
nadiroba an mosavali. amave gziT ebrZoda igi daavadebebs da sikvdilsac ki. metafizikuri
sinamdvilis aseTi dakavSireba praqtikul problemebTan ukve gulisxmobda, rom unda Seqmniliyo
sulTa samyarosTan urTierTobis “teqnologia” da misi Semsruleblis socialuri instituti. amgvari
instituti Seiqmna. sxvadasxva kulturaSi mas sxvadasxva saxeli hqonda - jadoqari, magi, Samani,
mkurnali, grZneuli da a.S. msjelobis gaadvilebisTvis mas Samani vuwodoT, radgan am praqtikis
saxelad dRes damkvidrebulia termini “Samanizmi”.
$ 3. pirvelyofili kulturis fsiqologiuri praqtika - Samanizmi
1. Samanizmis arsi
“Samanizmi... warmoadgens eqstazis erTerT arqaul teqnikas, amasTanave - mistikas, magias

da “religias” am sityvis farTe mniSvnelobiT” (m.eliade). Samani magic aris da eqimbaSic. igi
mkurnalobs, rogorc eqimbaSi, da, amav dros, fakiriseul saswaulebsac uCvenebs. fsiqoTerapiis
TvaliT Tu SevxedavT, savaraudoa, rom SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos saswaulmoqmedis da mkurnalis
erT pirovnebaSi gaerTianeba - saswauli aCens rwmenas, romelic sWirdeba fsiqoTerapiul
mkurnalobas. amave dros, Samani zebunebriv ZalebTan urTierTobis unaris demonstraciasac axdens
- “aTvinierebs” stiqiebs, warmarTavs msxverplSewirvas, micvalebulTa sulebi “gadahyavs” sxva
samyaroSi da a.S.
Samanizmis terminSi erTiandeba sxvadaxva religiuri rwmena, romelSic centralur adgils
ikavebs Samanis figura. igi qarizmatuli pirovnebaa, romelsac aqvs transSi gadasvlis, avadmyofTa
gankurnebis, bunebis Zalebis marTvis, cxovelebsa da frinvelebTan urTierTobis, Tu micvalebulTa
samyarosTan kontaqtis unari. Samans “zurgs umagrebs” mis sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli
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miTologia, romelic, ZiriTadad, asaxulia zepir gadmocemebSi. am miTebis tradiciuli personaJia

Samani, romelic adamianTa da sulebis mediatoria - maTi urTierTobis gamSualebeli. Samanis
damxmare sulebic arseboben, romlebic Citebis, Tevzebis da sxva miwieri cxovelebis saxes iReben
(es fragmenti, albaT, totemisturi azrovnebis Taviseburi gavlenaa). miTebSi Samanis erTerTi
ZiriTadi funqcia - mkurnaloba, warmodgenilia, rogorc Samanis an misi damxmare sulebis brZola
avadmyofobis sulTan. avadmyofobis suls Samani edaveba, eCxubeba, aSinebs, Seulocavs da a.S.
iTvleba, rom am gziT Samani adamianis suls arTmevs avadmyofobas da ubrunebs patrons, rac am
ukanasknelis gamojanmrTelebas iwvevs. ase Tvlis Samanic da pacientic. am Tvalsazriss orive
maTganSi ayalibebda miTologia. miTologiis erTianobis miuxedavad Samansa da pacients Soris aris
gansxvaveba - Samanis monaTxrobidan gamomdinare avadmyofi gulisxmobs, rom Samani ibrZvis
misi sulisTvis. xolo transSi myofi Samani uSualod xedavs da ganicdis am “brZolas”.
Samanizmi, viwro gagebiT, aris movlena, romelic amJamad gavrcelebulia cimbirsa da
centralur aziaSi. terminic tungusuri “Saman”-idan modis, romelic sxva enebSi rusulidan gavrcelda.
amave dros, yvela eqimbaSi, an yvela magi Samani araa. Samans Tavis specializacia aqvs. “Samani
aris specialisti transisa, romlis drosac misi suli, rogorc iTvleba, tovebs sxeuls imisTvis, rom avides
zecaSi an CaeSvas jojoxeTSi” (eliade). Samani ar qmnis religiur ideologias, igi yvela ideologias
iTavsebs. amitom eliade Tvlis, rom Samanizmi ufro mistikuri fenomenia, vidre religiuri, romelic
bevr religiaSia mocemuli eqstaturi kulturis saxiT. meores mxriv, sayuradReboa, Tu ra iTvleba
Samanis sulis sxeulidan gamosvlad da ra saSualebebs iyenebs igi amisTvis. am sakiTxebze
gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCino masalas iZleva Samanad gaxdomis principebi.
2. Samanad gaxdoma
cimbirsa da Crdilo-aRmosavleT aziaSi Samanad gaxdomis gzebi aris: 1) profesiis gadacema

memkvidreobiT; 2) SerCeva bunebrivi midrekilebis, spontanuri mowodebis mixedviT. aris sxva
variantebic, magram eqstazis bunebrivi gamocdileba yvelgan aucilebelia. yazaxebTan da
yirgizebTan Samans sofeli irCevs yvela axalgazrdidan, gansakuTrebiT - gardamaval asakSi myofi
oboli da nevrotuli axalgazrdebidan. Samanistur sazogadoebaSi epilefsiuri an isteriuli Seteva
RmerTebTan Sexvedrad aris miCneuli. bevrgan adamiani Samanad xdeba mexis dacemis Semdeg.
eqstaturi gamocdilebis qveS igulisxmeba STambeWdavi sizmrebi, transi, halicunaciebi da a.S.
Samanobis kandidatis es spontanuri eqstaturi gancdebi Zveli Samanis didaqtikis (miTebis,
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simboloebis da sulTa geneologiis swavlebis) saSualebiT xdeba kontrolirebadi. yovelive es

gadaaqcevs nevrotiks misi sazogadoebis mier aRiarebul Samanad.
3. Samanis iniciacia
Samanis iniciacia iseve, rogorc yvela iniciacia (laT. initiare - ziareba sakulto
saidumloebasTan; iniciacia garkveul rituals gulisxmobs da xSirad ukavSirdeba axali socialuri
statusis miRebas religiur ierarqiaSi) atarebs iniciaciis procedurebis saerTo semantikas: tanjva,
sikvdili da aRdgoma axal arsebad. Samanis avadmyofoba cxovrebiseuli tanjvis analogiaa.
cnobierebis dakargva - sikvdili. am etaps xandaxan sxeulis nawilebad simboluri daWris ceremonia
axlavs Tan. SamanobasTan ziarebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli ritualebia ganmartoeba gaudabnoebul
adgilas (imqveyniuri samyaros simboloa) da akrZalvebi, romelic kandidats micvalebulTan aigivebs
- yofna saWmelis da wylis gareSe; saxeze ferflis wasma da micvalebulTa niRabis tareba
moCvenebasTan misamsgavseblad; simboluri dakrZalva taZarSi; hipnoturi Zili da sasmeli, romelic
cnobierebas akargvinebs adamians; tkivilis ugulvebelyofa. am mdgomareobidan dabrunebuli
neofitebi xSirad iqcevian ise, rogorc mexsiereba dakarguli adamiani - Tavidan swavloben siaruls,
Wamas, Cacmas. isini iReben axal saxels da swavloben axal (Samanur) “enas”. garemomcvelebic
mas xSirad ise uyureben, rogorc im qveynidan mosul moCvenebas. xandaxan, iniciaciis etaps axlavs
analogiuri Sinaarsis sizmrebi, sadac damatebulia zecad asvlis da qvesknelSi CaSvebis, an gardacvlil
SamanebTan gasaubrebis siuJetebi. es eqstaturi gancdebi Samanis momzadebis erTerTi safexuria.
avstraliel aborigenebSi Samanad aRiareba xdeba mas Semdeg, rac misi suli or-sam dRes
“dahyofs sulTa samyaroSi”. kondebis qurumi amgvar aRiarebas aRwevs ToTxmetdRiani transis
Semdeg. iTvleba, rom transis mdgomareobaSi misi erTerTi suli uzenaes RvTaebasTan midis.
Tanamedrove iakuteli Samanebi hyvebian, rom Samanobis msurveli 3-7 dRe “kvdeba” - sakvebis
gareSe, uwylod da uZravad wevs iurtaSi. transSi igi xedavs, rom misi sxeuli rkinis CangliT an
rkinis frinvelis mier iglijeba nawilebad, Tvalebi vardeba budeebidan, sxeuli icleba siTxisgan;
sxeulis naglejebs Wamen sxvadasxva daavadebis boroti sulebi, rac aZlevs momaval Samans maTi
mkurnalobis unars. amis Semdeg frinveli Samanis Zvlebs agrovebs da kravs rkiniT. es ukve axali
adamiania. Samanobis kandidati (neofiti) am xilvebis Semdeg iRviZebs. iakutiis sxvadasxva tomSi
analogiuria xilvebis Sinaarsi, sadac ramodenime ZiriTadi Tema figurirebs: sxeulis daqucmaceba da
aRdgena; ritualuri sikvdili, romelsac aRdgoma mohyveba; miTologiuri frinvelic mniSvnelovani
figuraa Samanur warmodgenebSi. analogiuri Temebi (avadmyofobaTa, xeebis da stiqiebis sulebi,
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daqucmaceba da aRdgena, samkurnalo codnis miReba) gvxvdeba avamis samoedebis (nencebis),

tungusebis, buriatebis da sxvaTa sainiciacio transSi.
cimbiris Samanebis am eqstatiuri siuJetebis analogiuri Temebi gvxvdeba avstraliel
SamanebTan. iq zebunebrivi arseba neofits arTmevs da ucvlis Signeuls ukeTesiT, amatebs magiur
kristalebs (an/da gvels), micvalebulTa sulebi modian da aswavlian mas mkurnalobas. aRsaniSnavia,
rom magiur kristals (kvarcis kristals) avstralieli aborigenebi “gayinul Suqad” Tvlian, romelic
sxeulSi Samanis Sinagan sinaTled gadaiqceva. es warmodgena sainteresoa ramodenime
TvalsazrisiT. jer erTi, Sinagani sinaTle mraval gviandel mistikur praqtikaSi gvxvdeba - mistikasTan
dakavSirebul procedurebs xSirad axlavs Tan Sinagani sinaTlis realurad gancda (bevr religiur
sistemaSi mistiuri Zalis mqone pirs “ganaTlebuls” an “naTeli sulis matarebels” uwodeben).
SeiZleba, am introspeqciuli fenomenis axsnis aucileblobam gaaCina magiuri kristalis miTi da
Semdeg - Sesabamisi xilva. meorec, magiuri kristali ganviTarebul religiebSi xSirad aris zebunebrivi
ZaliT aRWurvili adamianis atributi, rac Samanuri modelis gvaindel versiad SeiZleba ganvixiloT.
sxeulis iniciaciuri danawileba aseve gvxvdeba amerikis tomebSi, afrikasa da indoneziaSi.
CrdiloeT amerikaSi maias tomis Samanobis kandidati xdeba Semdegi ritualis monawile: mas
“klaven” wamlebis wveniT, mere “anawileben”, ris Semdegac igi aRdgeba Samanad. rogorc
vnaxeT, xSirad es procedura aris ara ritualis, aramed xilvis siuJeti. sxeulisgan amgvari
gaTavisuflebis erTerTi logikuri fenomenologiuri Sedegia sakuTari ConCxis xilva - Samani transSi
sxeulidan xorcis mocilebis Semdeg xedavs mxolod sakuTar ConCxs, romlis TiToeul Zvals
asaxelebs igi “Samanebis enaze”. amitom xSiria, rom ConCxis suraTi gadaiqceva Samanis sxeulis
moxatulobad.
sikvdili, anu sxeulidan sulis amoReba da mere misi (sxeulis) “ganaxleba” aris eskimos
neofitis xilvebSic. am proceduris Semdeg xilvebSi maswavlebeli mas gadascems “angagoks” -
saidumlo sinaTles da cecxls, romelsac momavali Samani ganicdis mTel sxeulSi, gansakuTrebiT,
TavSi, mis Rrma centrSi. es lokalizacia Zalian sainteresoa im fonze, rac dRes viciT - siTbos (miT
umetes, simxurvalis) gancda dakavSirebulia sisxlZarRvebis gafarToebasa da sisxlis mimoqcevis
gaZlierebasTan. siTbos gancdis tvinis siRrmeSi lokalizacia savaraudos xdis, rom Samanuri
procedurebis dros intensiuri xdeboda tvinis qerqqveSa struqturebis kveba.
Samanuri koncefciis mixedviT iTvleboda, rom siTbosa da sinaTlis sxeulsa da TavSi
lokalizaciis Semdeg Samans uCndeboda sibneleSi uxilavi sagnebis, warsulisa da momavlis,
micvalebulebis da sulebis xilvis unari. sayuradReboa, rom am Sinagani Suqis Sesaxeb laparaki aris
gviandel mistikur moZRvrebebSic - upaniSadebSi, iogas teqnikaSi, “micvalebulTa tibetur wignSi”,
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qristianul Teologiasa da mistikaSi. yovelive es savaraudos xdis, rom mistikuri sinaTlis da

simxurvalis gancda religiuri eqstazis aucilebeli fenomenebia Samanobidan dawyebuli da rTuli
religiuri sistemebiT damTavrebuli.
Samanuri xilvis iseTi elementi, rogorc aris pirovnebis gaTavisufleba xorcisagan, sainteresoa
rogorc religiis istoriisTvis, ise fsiqoTerapiisTvis, ramdenadac amgvari xilvebis fonze icvleba
Samanis janmrTeloba.
4. Samanis janmrTeloba
Samanad avadmyofi pirovnebis arCeva ar niSnavs, rom Samani avadmyofia. rogorc wesi,
Samanuri praqtika xels uwyobs TviT Samanis gamojanmrTelebas (anu - Samanis pacienti TviT
Samanicaa, rasac ase xSirad vxvdebiT fsiqoTerapiis istoriaSi). Samanebi hyvebian, rom Samanobis
dawyebis Semdeg isini ukeTesad grZnoben Tavs. roca raime mizeziT maT am praqtikis saSualeba
ara aqvT, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba uuaresdebaT.
Samanis janmrTelobis gaumjobesebis niSnebia is, rom Samani mis TanasoflelebTan
SedarebiT ufro mdgradia daavadebebis mimarT, ukeTesad marTavs sakuTar mdgomareobas,
epilefsiur Setevasac ki - winaswarganzraxviT SeuZlia misi dawyebac da dasrulebac. Samanis transi
gansxvavdeba Cveulebrivi isteriuli an epileftoiduri gulyrisgan. xalxiT savse iurtaSi igi ritualur
cekvas asrulebs sakmaod didi tvirTiT - mis tansacmelze dakidebuli rkinis samkaulebi iwonian,
daaxloebiT, 15 kilograms. miuxedavad imisa, rom Samani am cekvas transSi asrulebs da Tvalebi
daxuWuli aqvs, igi arasodes arafers da aravis ar ejaxeba da poulobs yvelafers, rac unda. transis
procesis marTvis es unaric avadmyofobis CarCoebSi ver Tavsdeba.
Cveulebriv mdgomareobaSi Samani Tanasoflelebisgan gansxvavdeba yuradRebis Zlieri
koncetraciis unariT da maRali amtanobiT. igi energiuli da “inteligenturi” personaa. amave dros, mas
aqvs Zlieri da moqnili sxeuli. masSi igrZnoba upiratesobis gancda, oRond igi arasodes araa
qedmaRali. mexsierebac mas gacilebiT ukeTesi aqvs vidre sxvebs, rac gamoixateba tomis zepiri
folkloris codnaSi. iakutebis Samanis leqsikoni 12 000 sityvas Seicavs, roca Tanasoflelebis leqsikoni
- 4 000 sityvas.
xolo maSin, roca Samani iZulebulia droebiT Sewyvetos praqtika, mas usustdeba sakuTari
mdgomareobis marTvis Cveva da avadmyofobis simptomebi matulobs. amdenad, aqtiuri Samanis
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fsiqologiuri tipi da suliT avadmyofi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba. sudanis tomebi ar scemen pativs
adamians, romelic avadmyofuria Cveulebriv mdgomareobaSi, transis gareSe. Samanis fizikur da
sulier janmrTelobas iTxoven avstralieli tomebic.
fsiqoTerapiis istoriisTvis, ra Tqma unda, sainteresoa rogor inkurneboda Samanis pacienti,
magram aranakleb sainteresoa is, Tu ris Sedegad umjobesdeba TviT Samanis janmrTeloba. Samanis
pacientis gankurneba advilad SeiZleba aixsnas imiT, rac dRes vicT sugestiis, kerZod, placebo-
efeqtis Sesaxeb. rac Seexeba Samanis gamojanmrTelebas, es ufro rTuli asaxsnelia. savaraudoa, rom
am saidumlos gasaRebi transSia, radgan transis gaiSviaTebisas, Samani isev ubrundeboda
avadmyofur mdgomareobas. amasTan dakavSirebiT yuradRebas imsaxurebs sxvadasxva kulturaSi
gameorebuli Samanis iniciaciis xilva, rom Samani kargavs xorcs.
es fragmenti sayuradReboa, radgan aCens erT varauds. SeiZleba am proceduriT
amoqmedebulia fsiqikis is zogadi kanoni, rom erTi gancdis Semdeg naklebad mosalodnelia
pirvelTan logikur winaaRmdegobaSi myofi gancdebis gaCena. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, erTi
gancda aCens ganawyobas, romelic zrdis masTan logikur SesabamisobaSi myofi gancdebis
albaTobas da amcirebs Seusabamo gancdebisas. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu Samanma “ixila” rogor
dakarga sxeuli, am xilviT Seqmnilma ganwyobam unda uarhyos sxeulidan (somadan) momdinare
stimulacia, radgan fsiqikisTvis am pirovnebas “sxeuli aRar gaaCnia” da amgvari stimulacia ar unda
arsebobdes. somaturi stimulaciidan am gziT ganTavisufleba SesaZlebelia aRmoCndes Samanis
gamojanmrTelebis erTerTi faqtori, rogorc fsiqosomaturi kavSirebis Sesustebis meqanizmi.
Samanuri iniciaciis es Tavisebureba savaraudos xdis, rom gviandel kulturebSi
wamoyenebuli sulis xorcisgan ganTavisuflebis religiur-filosofiuri ideali SeiZleba am eqstatur
teqnikidan iRebdes dasabams. Tu am versiiT vixelmZRvanelebT, unda davuSvaT, rom es religiuri
ideali realurad gulisxmobs, rom fsiqika ar unda iRebdes sxeulebriv (introcefciul) SegrZnebebs,
romlebic warmarTaven sxva gancdebis, gansakuTrebiT - emociebis mimdinareobas. am varauds
amyarebs isic, rom “sulis mdgomareobis” Semowmeba xdeba sxeulis ugrZnoblobiT cecxlis, yinvisa
Tu xmlis mimarT. sxeulebrivi gancdebisgan ganTavisufleba aCenda sulisa da pirovnebis
Tavisuflebis gancdas. SeiZleba amiTaa ganpirobebuli, rom Soreuli aRmosavleTisa Tu iudaizmze
dafuZnebul religiebSi idealad gvevlineba “ganTavisufleba” (qristianobaSi am cnebam socialuri
mniSvnelobac miiRo, rac ver Tavsdeboda religiis logikur sistemaSi).
5. Samanis swavleba
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Samanis swavleba mimdinareobs Cveulebriv mdgomareobasa da transSi. transul xilvebSi

RvTaeba, micvalebulTa sulebi an cxovelebi uziareben Samans cxovrebis wesis Tu mkurnalobis
saidumloebebs. amave dros, Cveulebriv mdgomareobaSi neofits Samanobas aswavlis Zveli Samani.
neofits sakraluri Zala “gadaecema” transSi. mas mfarvelobas xSirad ucxadebs totemuri cxoveli.
zogjer Samanis Zalis wyaro xdeba ZilSi micvalebulTa gamocxadeba. CrdiloeT amerikis tomebSi
Samans Zalas gadascems xilvebSi masTan misuli “mwvane qondriskaci” - Samanebis mfarveli suli
(magiur Zalas qondriskacTan gviani da ufro ganviTarebuli kulturebic akavSirebdnen). am
gamocxadebebs Samani xandaxan ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi elodeba.
“Cveulebrivi” swavlebis saintereso magaliTs warmoadgens karibis tomebis tradicia. mas
Semdeg rac dadasturdeba, rom neofitebs aqvT eqstaturi xilvebis unari, iqmneba jgufi, rogorc wesi,
6 axalgazrdisgan, romlebic sacxovreblad gadadian izolirebulad mdgar qoxSi. isini muSaoben
Samanis Tambaqos nakveTze, asruleben sxva samuSaoebsac. maT emsaxureba 6 gogona “qali-
instruqtoris” xelmZRvanelobiT. qalebi amarageben axalgazrdebs Tambaqos wveniT, romelsac
gamudmebiT svamen neofitebi. swavleba grZeldeba 24 dRe da Rame. swavlebis 3 dRe-Ramis
Semdeg 3 - dasvenebaa. swavleba xdeba RamiT: neofitebi wreSi cekvaven cxovelTa moZraobis
imitaciiT, mRerian, Semdeg ismenen maswavleblis monaTxrobs cxovelebze, keTil da borot
sulebze, umaRles arsebaze - Semoqmedze, romlis nebazec aris damokidebuli neofitebis caSi asvla.
dRisiT moswavleebi hamakebSi isveneben, ixseneben maswavleblis naambobs da Tvalebs isresen
wiTeli wiwakis wveniT, raTa ixilon sulebi. swavlebis periodSi moswavleebi arafers ar Wamen,
mudmivad ewevian sigaras, ReWaven Tambaqos foTlebs da svamen Tambaqos wvens. cekviT
daRliloba, marxviT dasusteba da TambaqoTi intoqsikacia xdeba imis piroba, rom neofits ewyeba
xilvebi. samdRiani Sesvenebis Semdeg isini swavloben Ramurad gadaqcevas. Semdeg
maswavlebeli sxvadasxva simaRleze abams Tokebs da moswavleebi balansireben maTze. swored
am dros iwyeba pirveli xilvebi samyaroTa (Samanebi sxvadasxva samyaros aRiareben) sazRvrebis
gadalaxviT. transis am mdgomareobidan moswavle maswavlebels gamohyavs Sxamiani
WianWvelebis dadebiT. garkveuli periodis Semdeg moswavleebi jdebian mbrunav saqanelaze da
trialSi ciuri sferoebis xilvebi uCndebaT. amasTanave gamoiyeneba mcenare, romelic Zlier cieb-
cxelebas iwvevs. sxeulis kankali aCens tanis daSlis adre naxseneb grZnobas, rac borot sulebs
miewereba. amis Semdeg moswavle aRwevs mizans - ewyeba cad amaRlebis xilva. cad amaRlebis
gancda TiTqmis yvela Samanur praqtikis saboloo mizania. am miznis miRwevis Semdeg iTvleba,
rom neofiti ukve daeufla Samanis xelovnebas.
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6. Samanis ena
TiTqmis yvelgan aRiniSneba, rom Samani maswavleblisgan swavlobs “Samanebis enas”.

am enis funqciaa komunikacia cxovelebTan, sulebTan, demonebTan da micvalebulebTan. am enas
cxovelebis enas eZaxian, radgan igi... cxovelTa da Citebis xmebis imitaciaa. sainteresoa Tarjimnis
instituti - zogjer Samans axlavs Tarjimani, romelic xmamaRla warmoTqvams Samanis mier
CurCuliT an “cxovelTa enaze” naTqvams. es kargad miuTiTebs ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs Samanur
mkurnalobaSi imas, rom avadmyofma da misma axloblebma kargad gaigon Samanis sulis
mogzaurobis yvela detali. es elementi gulisxmobs, rom samkurnalo efeqtis miRebaSi monawileobs
sugestiis meqanizmi.
sxvadasxva tomebis ritualebSi Samani gvelis an sxva magiuri cxovelis SeWmis Sedegad
eufleba Citebis enas (gavixsenoT qarTuli analogia - gvelismWameli mindia, romelsac esmis
cxovelTa ena). iTvleba, rom caSi mfrinavi Citi aris micvalebulis sulis WurWeli. Citis Tema Warbad
aris warmodgenili Samanis gaazrebaSic da garegnobaSic, radgan igi micvalebulTa sulebTan unda
Sevides urTierTobaSi. karibis kunZulebze Samans webos usvamen da Citis frTebs awebeben, rom
man caSi afrena SeZlos; analogiebi iZebneba cimbiris, CrdiloeT amerikis da indoneziis
SamanizmSic. Samanis Zala mis mfarvel sulebSia, romlebic, umeteswilad, cxovelTa da
micvalebulTa sulebs warmoadgenen. amitomaa, cxovelTa enis codna SamanisTvis aucilebeli. xSiria
Samanis cxovelad gardaqmnis ritualic, rasac Tan axlavs Samanis gamowyoba cxovelis tyavSi
(gavixsenoT safrangeTSi napovni 40 aTasi wlis winandeli gamosaxuleba, sadac cxovelis tyavSi
gamowyobis gamo gauigives igi Samans). cxovelis tyavis mosxmaSi sakraluri azris Cadeba
axasiaTebs rogorc bevr animistur kulturas, aseve bevr ganviTarebul kulturasac. magaliTad, sufiebSi
gavrcelebuli iyo sakraluri Zalis mqone adamianis gamowyoba vefxvis tyavSi (am faqtma
saqarTveloSi garkveuli interpretaciebisken ubiZga “vefxvistyaosniT” dainteresebul mkvlevarebs).
7. Samanis adgili tomSi
CrdiloeT amerikaSi sakraluris sxva msaxurebisgan (qurumi, magi, jadoqari) Samani

gansxvavdeba swored imiT, rom flobs eqstaturi “mogzaurobis” teqnikas. es Samans aniWebs
upiratesobas. igi jadoqris avi Tvalisganac icavs adamianebs. Samanma rom Tqvas jadoqarze
“danaSauli Caidinao”, sofeli jadoqars moklavs.
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CrdiloeT aziis iukagirebs swamT, rom yoveli gvari dasabams iRebs Samanisgan. wina
saukuneSi isini pativs scemdnen gardacvlili Samanebis Tavis qalebs - aTavsebdnen xis CarCoSi da
inaxavdnen saxlSi. yvelafers win uZRoda winaswarmetyveleba Samanis Tavis qalaze (maTi
simZimiT irkveoda “ho” Tu “ara” dasmul kiTxvebze). danarCeni Zvlebi nawildeboda naTesavebSi,
sxeuls aSrobdnen Sesanaxad. amave dros keTdeboda xis figurebi winapari Samanis pativsacemad.
es faqtebi miuTiTebs, rom am tomebSi Samanis funqcia ufro mniSvnelovani iyo, vidre praqtikuli
problemebis gadaWraa. sakais da jakunebis Samanebs sikvdilis Semdeg ar marxaven,
platformaze toveben. semangebTan Samanebs marxaven TaviT saflavis zemoT. yovelive es
efuZneba rwmenas, rom Samani gansakuTrebuli vinmea da misi suli midis zecaSi maSin, roca sxva
danarCenebisa - qvesknelSi.
8. Samanis urTierToba RmerTebTan
Samanis RmerTebTan urTierToba Taviseburia. prezident reigans apaCebis tomis Samanma

uTxra “Cemo TeTro Zmav, albaT ar damijereb, magram me yovlisSemZle var. me arasodes ar
movkvdebi. Tu Tofidan mesvri, tyvia... ar momayenebs mcire ziansac ki... Tu me momindeba
vinmes mokvla, sakmarisia xeli gaviSviro da Sevexo mas da is mokvdeba. Cemi Zliereba RmerTis
Zlierebis tolia”. es sityvebi mianiSnebs, rom dRevandeli Samanic ki sakuTar Tavs RmerTis tolad
ganicdis.
buriatebis erTerTi gadmocemis mixedviT RmerTma boTlSi momawyvdia gogonas suli da
TiTiT daucva boTls Tavi. Samani hara girgeni gadaiqca yviTel obobad da saxeze ukbina... RmerTs.
RmerTma xeli aiqnia da gogona gaTavisuflda. karibis tomebi hyvebian pirvel Samanis Sesaxeb,
romelic avida caSi da daemuqra RmerTs. RmerTma xmals daavlo xeli da gadmoagdo is cidan. amis
Semdegia, rom Samanebi caSi mxolod eqstazis Sedegad adian. analogiuri janyi Samanisa RmerTis
winaaRmdeg xSirad meordeba sxvadasxva xalxebSi da religiebis adreul variantebSi (iseTi
personaJebi, rogoricaa RmerTTan morkinali iakobi iudaizmSi, berZnuli promeTe Tu qarTuli
amirani, albaT adreuli Samanisturi kulturis gavleniT SeiZleba aixsnas, romlisTvisac ucxo ar iyo
imis daSveba, rom adamiani SeiZleba SeebrZolos RmerTs, radgan RmerTisa da Samanis suli
arsebiTad ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan, gansxvavdeba mxolod siZlieriT).
Samanis amgvari “siTamame” RmerTebTan, albaT, im ideiTac aris gamowveuli, rom
Samanur miTologiaSi Samanizmi RmerTisgan iRebs saTaves. xSir SemTxvevaSi mzis RmerTi
gansxeuldeba arwivSi, romelic afexmZimebs qals da ase ibadeba pirveli Samani. zogjer Samani
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xdeba TviT qali. arwivis saxis umaRlesi RvTaeba xSirad warmoSobs Samans. iakutebTan es
RvTaeba warmodgeba orTaviani arwivis saxiT.
is, rom Samani sakuTar Tavs RmerTis tolad ganicdis, ar unda ganvixiloT Samanis sxva
Taviseburebebidan izolirebulad. kerZod, transis praqtikis gaiSviaTebisas uaresdeba Samanis rogorc
janmrTeloba, aseve TviTSefasebac. Sesabamisad, savaraudoa, rom transSi mimdinare fsiqo-
fiziologiuri procesebi garkveul kavSirSia im gancdasTan, romelic Samans RmerTTan gatolebis
safuZvels aZlevs.
9. Samanis sulis mogzauroba
Samanis xilvebisTvis specifikuria, rom misi suli mogzaurobs imqveyniur samyaroSi,

qveynebSi, romlebic mdebareobs zecaSi da miwis qveS. micvalebulTa cxovreba iq iseTivea, rogorc
miwaze, mxolod erTi gansxvavebiT - Sebrunebulia dro, roca aq zamTaria iq zafxulia da piriqiT
(iseve, rogorc sizmarSi - sizmris realuri dro Ramea, xolo warmosaxuli - dRe).
sulebTan urTierTobis aRwerili gzebis garda ritualebsa da xilvebSi gvxvdeba iseTi
“saSualebebic”, rogoric aris qaRaldis gveliT an cisartyeliT asvla caSi (savaraudoa, rom am
saSualebebiT zecaSi asvla Samanis xilvis siuJetia). cisartyelis es miTiuri funqcia gvxvdeba
polineziaSi, indoneziaSi, iaponiaSi da sxva mraval qveyanaSi. indur, mesopotamiur da iudaistur
miTologiaSi cisartyelis Svidi feri Svid zecasTan da kosmosis wvdomis Svid gzasTan aris
gaigivebuli. RvTisken mimavl gzad gaazrebuli babilonis godolis Svidi sarTuli cisartyelis Svid ferad
iyo SeRebili. apokalipsSic RvTis taxti cisartyeliT aris garemoculi. civilizaciaTa gansxvavebis
miuxedavad analogiuri modeli avstraliel aborigenebTanac gvxvdeba. am TemasTan aris kavSirSi
Samanis magiur zinzilakebze feradi bafTebis Sebmis tradicia. Turqebi da uigurebi Tvlidnen, rom
Samani am bafTebiani zinzilakiT, romelsac “zecis xids” anu “cisartyelas” eZaxian, adis zecaSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom zinzilakebis xma xSirad axlavs eqstazis mdgomareobaSi Sesvlis rituals.
cisartyelis Tema sainteresoa kidev erT, kerZod, nimbis TemasTan dakavSirebiT. bevr
ganviTarebul religiur kulturaSi iTvleba, rom mas, visac sxvadasxva zebunebrivi unari aqvs, aqvs
imis unaric, rom sxvis Tavze dainaxos nimbi, romelic Sedgeba cisartyelis ferebisgan.
gansakuTrebuli Zalis mqone pirebis nimbs Cvelebrivi adamianebic xedaven (gavixsenoT qristianuli
Tu budisturi gamomsaxvelobiTi xelovnebis Zeglebi). es paraleli savaraudos xdis, rom ferebis
speqtris xilva saerTod axlavs meditaciur xilvebs miuxedavad imisa, xilvis Sinaarss calkeuli
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pirovneba warmoadgens Tu “gza” zecisken. amdenad, gansakuTrebul mdgomareobaSi ferebis

speqtris aRmoceneba tipiuria yvela kulturisTvis, arqaulidan dawyebuli.
transSi mogzaurobis saSualeba mxolod cisartyela araa. Samanis qvesknelSi, an zecaSi
Sesvla xSirad xdeba karis gavliT, romelsac Tu SemTxveviT “Seexo” Samani, is Zalas dakargavs da
gaRviZebis Semdeg mokvdeba.
10. avadmyofis mkurnaloba
avadmyofis mkurnaloba Samanis ZiriTadi funqciaa Sua da CrdiloeT aziaSi. avadmyofobis

mizezad, ZiriTadad, miCneulia “sulis motaceba” an sulis mier gzis dakargva. amitom, mkurnaloba
daiyvaneba imaze, rom Samanma unda moZebnos suli da daubrunos avadmyofis sxeuls.
avadmyofobis mizezad zogjer miCneulia avadmyofis tanSi romelime magiuri sxeulis moxvedra, an
boroti sulis Casaxleba (am SemTxvevaSi mkurnaloba mdgomareobs im sagnis amoRebaSi, an
boroti sulis gandevnaSi). xandaxan, orive mizezi erTdrouladaa - sakuTari sulic tovebs da, amav
dros, boroti sulic saxldeba sxeulSi.
indielebis azriT, avadmyofidan sulis gaqcevis mizezi SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairi iyos:
SeiZleba is gadaibiron micvalebulebma, romlebsac eSiniaT Crdilebis qveyanaSi marto wasvla;
SeiZleba Zilis dros sxeulidan gamosul sulsac aebnes gza.
Crdilo-aziur xalxebSi gavrcelebulia rwmena, rom adamians aqvs sami, an Svidi suli. maTSi
erTerTi suli adamianis sikvdilis Semdeg micvalebulTa qveyanaSi midis an SeiWmeba boroti
demonebis mier (adamianis sxva sulebi am dros adian caSi, rCebian miwaze moCvenebebad da
a.S.). zogierT tomSi swored am saimqvenio sulis dakargva iwvevs daavadebas cocxal adamianSi.
zogjer Samanma unda daadginos romelis sulis dakargviT aris gamowveuli daavadeba. vinaidan
Samans aqvs sulis danaxvis da masze zemoqmedebis unari, avadmyofis gankurnebac Samanis
saqmea.
eskimosebTan sulis dakargvasTan erTad avadmyofobis mizezad miCneulia tabus (abortis
gakeTeba, moxarSuli xorcis Wama da a.S.) darRveva. amitom sulis ZebnasTan erTad Samanis
samkurnalo procedurebSi Sedis jgufuri aRsareba (rac ase popularulia gviandel religiebsa da
fsiqoTerapiaSi).
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“diagnozs”, romlidanac Semdeg gamomdinareobs mkurnaloba, svams Samani. igi specialuri

balaxebis, cekvis da sxva teqnologiebis gamoyebeniT vardeba transSi da aRmocenebuli xilva mas
hkarnaxobs avadmyofobis “mizezs”.
upirveles yovlisa, Samani eZaxis suls, Txovs mas daubrundes saxls, aRuwers rogor moelian
mas ojaxis wevrebi, cxeni, ZaRli. Samani am dros gverdiT iyenebs avadmyofis axloblebs,
Tanatolebs, ojaxis wevrebs. igi izidavs suls saWmel-sasmeliTac. Tu es Zaxili Sedegiani ar
aRmoCnda, buriatebis Samani gadadis transis mdgomareobaSi da iwyebs sulis “Zebnas” soflebSi,
tyeebSi, stepebSi, zRvis stiqiaSic ki. Tu iqac ar aris suli, iTvleba, rom igi demonebma moitaces.
maSin Samani mimarTavs msxverlpSewirvas. Tu amanac ar gaWra, avadmyofis suls sxva
adamianis (msxverplis) suliT ucvlis demonebs. Samani mas (msxverpls) waarTmevs suls, waiRebs
micvalebulTa samefoSi da gacvlis avadmyofis sulSi (cxadia, yovelive es eqstaturi gancdebis
siuJetia). amis Semdeg avadmyofi janmrTeldeba da msxverpli kvdeba.
seansebi yovelTvis Rame tardeba avadmyofis saxlSi. orive icavs garkveul akrZalvebs - Tavs
arideben urTierTobas menstruaciis mqone an fexmZime qalTan, xorceulis da marilianis Wamas.
xandaxan am akrZalvebs icavs avadmyofis ojaxic. Samani locviT da meditaciiT, aseve, sxeulis
ganwmendiT aris dakavebuli - dila-saRamos banaobs, guls irevs da a.S. seansis dasrulebisas Samani
Zalian daRlilia. is svams 2-3 litra wyals da Rrma ZiliT iZinebs. Samanis momsaxureba fasiania,
ufasod is mxolod sakuTar ojaxs mkurnalobs.
abakanel TaTrebTan Samanis seansi grZeldeba 5-6 saaTs. am dros Samani axorcielebs
eqstatur mogzaurobas Soreul qveynebSi, sadac igi eZebs wamals avadmyofisTvis. analogiuri seansi
gvxvdeba CukCebSi, sadac Samani mogzaurobs sulebTan rCevis misaRebad. igive transuli ritualia
ugro-finebTan. yazaxebTan da yirgizebTan mTavaria boroti sulis gandevna avadmyofisgan.
amisTvis mkurnali vardeba Samanur transSi - xdeba ugrZnobi cecxlis da danis dartymebis mimarT,
anu aRwevs “sulis” mdgomareobas da amiT iZens boroti sulebis SeSinebis Zalas.
tremiunganeli Samani ukravs zinzilakebsa da gitaraze sanam ar Cavardeba eqstatur
mdgomareobaSi. sxeulis mitovebis Semdeg misi suli estumreba jojoxeTs da iq eZebs avadmyofis
suls. gamoRviZebis Semdeg Samans avadmyofis suli muStSi aqvs momwyvdeuli da marjvens
yuridan Sehyavs avadmyofSi.
Samanizmis praqtikaSi did adgils ikavebs transis intoqsikaciiT gamowveva. sokoebis
intoqsikaciiT eqstazis miRweva gavrcelebulia cimbirSi. sxva regionebSi igive funqcias asruleben
narkotikebi da Tambaqo.
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vasiuganis tomebSi odnav gansxvavebuli proceduraa. aq Samani damxmare sulebs agzavnis

avadmyofis gaqceuli sulis mosabruneblad. am xnis manZilze Samani gitaraze ukravs da hyveba misi
damxmaris Tavgadasavals. es rituali erT an ramodenime saRamos grZeldeba. eniseis napirebze
myofi tomebis Samani avadmyofis qoxSi zinzilakebs ukvravs, sanam ar miaRwevs transamde.
Semdeg Samani iwyebs xtunvas, rac miuTiTebs, rom igi mowyda miwas da mifrinavs
Rrublebisken. transSi gadasuli Samani xmamaRla hyveba Tu ras xedavs. Semdeg igi sulebTan
erTad “brundeba” qoxSi. es procedura ramodenimejer meordeba, sanam Samani avadmyofis sulTan
erTad ar dabrundeba. ostiakebTan Samanis eqstaturi monaTxrobi savsea miTologiuri siuJetebiT.
Samani xSirad mimarTavs fakirul saswaulebs, rac misi nanaxis realobis da mkurnalobis unaris
rwmenas amyarebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom eskimosebTan procedurebSi aqtiurad arian CarTuli soflis
macxovreblebi, isini berZnuli qoros analogiur funqcias asruleben Samanis mier mowyobil
warmodgenaSi.
iakutebTan mniSvnelovania, Tu romeli boroti sulia avadmyofobis mizezi. maTTan brZolaSi
Samani Zalian iRleba, xSirad ufro itanjeba, vidre avadmyofi. aRsaniSnavia, rom iakutebis Samani
iZinebs avadmyofis qoxSi da Semdeg mZinare mdgomareobaSi iwyebs “cxovelebis eniT” Zaxils,
zinzilakebis dakvras da simReras, romelSic mimarTavs RmerTebs da sulebs. Semdeg igi CxubiT da
bilwsityvaobiT, xelebis da mujlugunebis kvriT “agdebs” avadmyofobis mizezs qoxidan. sabolood
Samani saWiroebs ganwmendas, risTvisac mas terfebze adeben nakverCxlebs. Samans ZaluZs
gaqceuli sulis dabuneba, radgan misi sulic igive bunebisaa - SeuZlia datovos sxeuli. mas SeuZlia
avadmyofSi Casaxlebuli boroti sulis gandevna, radgan misi sulic saxldeba sxvagan, mogzaurobs,
wvdeba casac da jojoxeTsac. es “sulieri” Tavisufleba, aqtiuroba, eqstaturoba misi sisustis mizezicaa,
boroti sulebis gavleniT igi avadmyofuri xdeba TviTonac da sxvisi mkurnalobis Semdeg esaWiroeba
“reabilitacia”.
mkurnaloba Samanur kulturaSi uSualod gamomdinareobs avadmyofobis gagebidan.
avadmyofobis, iseve rogorc sikvdilis mizezi sulieri bunebisaa. mtris, metoqis an cxovelis sulma
SeiZleba gamoiwvios adamianis daavadeba. magaliTad, Cirokis indielebs miaCniaT, rom monadiris
revmatizmi mis mier mokluli iremis sulma gamoiwvia. am diagnozis Sesabamisia mkurnalobac.
Samani (jadoqari, eqimbaSi) Tavis SelocvebSi uZaxis im cxovelebis, kerZod ZaRlebis sulebs,
romlisac iremis suls eSinia. oTx nawilad dayofil SelocvaSi Samani uZaxis ZaRlis suls
aRmosavleTidan, CrdiloeTidan, dasavleTidan da samxreTidan. TiToeuli mxaridan mosul ZaRls
miaqvs avadmyofobis erTi nawili. am Selocvebs SeiZleba axldes balaxebis nayenebis gamoyeneba.
Samanis mier mistiuri logikiT da intuiciiT napovni es balaxebi xandaxan sasargeblo Tvisebebisaa,
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magram umravles SemTxvevaSi isini ar arian samkurnalo. Tu avadmyofi gamojanmrTelda, Samani

iRebs gasamrjelos. Tu uaryofiTia rezultati, es Samans iSviTad braldeba. mkurnalobis marcxi
ixsneba mtruli sulis ufro meti ZaliT.
Samanur diagnostikas da mkurnalobas Taviseburi logika aqvs, Tumc l. levi-briuli am tipis
azrovnebaSi logikis wesebs ver xedavs da mas pra-logikurs uwodebs. droSi erTmaneTis mezobeli
movlenebi pirvelyofili cnobierebis mier mizez-Sedegad aRiqmeba. levi-briuli azrovnebis am wesSi
mxolod “participaciis” (Tanamonawileobis) princips xedavs da amis gamo uaryofs mis logikurobas.
aseTive analizis Sedegad mravali mkvlevari midis daskvnamde, rom pirvelyofili adamiani
movlenebs (arsebebs) Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirs xedavs, an maT identurad miiCnevs, Tu am
movlenebsa da arsebebs msgavsi niSnebi aqvT (maT Soris, erTdroulobis). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es
aris ontologiis analogiiT Canacvlebis principi, rac ganviTarebuli kulturebisTvisac ar aris ucxo.
gansakuTrebiT mkafiod Cans es principi rogorc arqaul, ise gviandel da Tanamedrove magiis
kultebSi.
afrikeli zangebis tomSi jadoqari dauswreblad Seulocavs pirovnebas, Tu xelT aqvs misi
tansacmlis nagleji an Tmis kululi. zustad aseve iqceva Tanamedrove Semlocveli. analogiis am
princips farTe gasaqani eZleva sicocxlis, avadmyofobisgan misi dacvis an mkurnalobis dros. rogorc
wesi, adamiani Tavis sicocxles ukavSirebda raime myar sagans (liToni, qva, Tma, frCxili).
iTvleboda, rom Tu misi sulis matarebeli sagani daculia, daculi iqneba misi sicocxlec (azrovnebis am
stereotipis anarekli Cans Zvel aRTqmaSic - samsonis Zala mis TmebSia; aseTive stereotipi
Semoinaxa rusulma zRaparmac ukvdavi kaSCeis Sesaxeb, romlis sicocxle liTonis nemsSia; amave
stereotipis gavleniT adamianebi atareben amulets, aSinebT beWdis Tvalis gatexva da a.S.). aseve
adamianis sulis matareblad iTvleba misi gamosaxuleba (amitomaa cudis momaswavebeli sarkis
damsxvreva, roca masSi iyureba adamiani; amitom krZalavs zogierTi religia adamianebis da
wmindanebis grafikul gamosaxvas; Sua saukuneebSi evropeli jadoqrebi adamianze
zemoqmedebisTvis cvilis figuras iyenebdnen da a.S.), saxeli (amitom aris tabuirebuli RmerTis an
beladis saxeli bevr kulturaSi), misi sagnebi (germaneli glexi bavSvis monaTvlamde saxlidan ar
agdebs arafers, rom mters ar Cauvardes xelSi da ar imoqmedos mounaTlav bavSvze) da a.S.
pirvelyofil kulturaSi gakeTebuli daSvebidan, rom suli SeiZleba sxvadasxva saganSi iyos
moTavsebuli, gamomdinareobs, rom adamianis sxeulic sulis mxolod erTerTi WurWelia. am
logikidan gamomdinareobs daavadebac da Samanis praqtikac. daavadeba aris pacientis sulis
gadaadgileba, maT Soris, moxvedra borot sulebTan, mkurnaloba - Samanis sulis mier pacientis sulis
povna, an Widili borot sulebTan pacientis sulis gamosaxsnelad da misi moyvana patronTan.
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Samanis procedurebi TiTqmis igivea wvimis moyvanis, Rrublebis SeCerebis, mdinareebSi

yinulis gadnobis, nadirobaSi iRblianobis, mSobiarobis Tu sxva problemebis gadaWris dros
(erTaderTi, sadac Samani ar ereva, aris omi, romlis drosac igi belads emorCileba).
aRsaniSnavia, rom am kulturisTvis suli bunebis iseTive nawilia, rogorc sxeuli (rogorc
vnaxeT, xSirad materializebulic ki aris). sikvdilis Semdeg suli sxeulisgan Tavisufldeba. metafizikuri
paradigma gulisxmobs, rom sxeulis gareSe sulSi Tavisufldeba bunebis kanonebis gadalaxvis unari
(sizmarSi xom bunebis kanonebi irRveva). es niSnavs, rom zebunebrivi ZaliT aRiWurveba
micvalebulis sulic. amdenad, arqauli cnobierebisTvis micvalebuli cocxalze ufro Zlieria. amitom
yvela Zveli kultura gansakuTrebul pativs scems micvalebulis suls (CineTSi es kulti religiis adgils
ikavebs). arqaul periodSi, amasTanave, igulisxmeboda, rom micvalebulebs surT Suri iZion
cocxlebze mis mimarT Cadenili codvebis gamo da agresiulebi arian cocxlebisadmi. amitom,
micvalebulis eSiniaT da swiraven msxverpls, rogorc RmerTs. am procedurebSi da, saerTod,
micvalebulTa sulebTan urTierTobaSi centraluri figuraa Samani.
11. Samanizmi sxvadasxva kulturaSi
sxvadasxva regionebSi Samanizms gansxvavebuli saxe aqvs. es gansxvavebebi

sayuradReboa rogorc imiT, rom zogierTi versia gvxvdeba gviandel kulturebSi, aseve imiT, rom
SeiZleba davinaxoT metafizikuri paradigmis saerTo konturebi.
Crdilo amerikisgan gansxvavebiT samxreT amerikis indielebSi avadmyofobis mizezad
naklebad ganixileba sulis gaqcevis versia, ufro metad ucxo sulebis mier sxeulSi magiuri sagnebis
Canergvis versiaa gavrcelebuli. mkurnalobisas es sagnebi gamowoviT gamoaqvs Samans
avadmyofis tanidan. aris mkurnalobis sxva versiac - XVIII saukuneSi seansis dros Samani
katalefsiur mdgomareobaSi ugonod vardeboda iatakze da damswreebi aZlevdnen mas kiTxvebs
avadmyofobis mizezebze, kerZod - romelma sulma daavada adamiani. samxreT da CrdiloeT
amerikaSi, okeaniasa da cimbirSi Samanuri transis Tanmxlebi movlenaa ugrZnobloba - Samani
SiSveli fexebiT dadis cecxlze an ylapavs gaxurebul nakverCxlebs. meores mxriv, misi sulieroba
SeiZleba yinvis mimarT mdgradobiTac Semowmdes.
samxreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi Samani avadmyofis gansakurnavad uxmobs “RvTis Zmebs”,
romelTa ucnob enaze simReris xmebi ismis xolme Semdeg qoxidan. isini arkveven daavadebis
mizezs da mkurnalobis saSualebebs. am dros Samani transSia. aqac dgas caSi asvlis sakiTxi. caSi
Samani mis TiTebSi CaxlarTuli ZafebiT “adis”. aqac mkurnalobis mniSvnelovani komponentia
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kvarcis kristalebi, romlebSic “RvTis Zmaa” Casaxlebuli. iniciaciis dros aqac figurirebs magiuri
karebis Tema.
Samanis transul simReraSi vlindeba is, Tu ra gancdebi aqvs Samans. am dros is ambobs,
rom aqvs Sinagani sinaTlis gancda, rom mTeli misi sxeuli aris Tvali da xedavs yvela
mimarTulebiT. eskimosebis Samani xSirad sazogadoebis moTxovnis gareSec, sakuTari
siamovnebisTvis Sedis eqstazSi da sulebTan saubrobs
malakas naxevarkunZulis (indoCineTis samxreTiT) adgilobrivi macxovreblebis qoxSi dgas
ori mcire piramida kibeebiT - cad asvlis simbolo.
malais Samanizmis specifika imaSia, rom SamanSi mkurnalobis dros “gadmodis” tomis
winapris, pirveli Samanis - vefxvis suli. amis Sedegad Samani gadadis aracnobier mdgomareoba
“lupa”-Si da iZleva pasuxs damswreTa SekiTxvebze. benuas tomis Samani vefxvis sulis masSi
gadmosaxlebamde daJinebiT uyurebs sanTlis als, radgan iTvleba, rom iq saxldeba suli pirvelad. alSi
eZebs Samani avadmyofobis mizezsac. mentaveebis (indonezia) Samani sulebTan saubrobs
imisTvis, rom gaigos ra sWirs avadmyofs da ra balaxi uwamlebs mas, sxva dramatuli
komponentebisgan misi xilvebi Tavisufalia.
kunZul borneos zogierT tomSi matriarqatis niSnebia, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom Samani
iTvleba “didi dedis” memkvidred. amitom Samani qalia an hermofroditi kaci. am ukanasknelTa
upiratesoba ixsneba imiT, rom isini aerTianeben casac (mamri) da miwasac (mdedri),
warmoadgenen dapirispirebulTa RvTaebriv gamTlianebas. maTSi gadadian mxolod RmerTebi (da
ara micvalebulTa sulebi). sakraluri mniSvnelobisaa yvela saxis seqsualuri aqti maTTan.
Samanis atributi xSiradaa navi. indoneziaSi gavrcelebulia Cveuleba, rom avadmyofoba
moaqcion xisgan gamoTlil mcire figuraSi da navSi Camdgari gaatanon wyals. sxvagan navi
figurirebs, rogorc Samanis samyaroebSi mogzaurobis saSualeba. bevr xalxebSi gavrcelebulia
micvalebulis navSi Casvenebis, an wylisTvis gatanebis tradicia, rac dakavSirebulia sulis
wayvanasTan samSobloSi, saidanac wamovida suli. am “horizontaluri modelis” gverdiT aris
“vertikaluri modeli” - sulebi cxovroben maRal mTebze an caSi. miTebSi Cveulebrivi adamianebi,
rogorc wesi, moZraoben horizontalur sibrtyeSi, an qvesknelSi. vertikalurSi - moZraoben
(dafrinaven) Samanebi.
melaneziaSi avadmyofobis mizez suls mkurnali xedavs kristalis an wylis xangrZlivi yurebis
Sedegad. Semdeg Zafze ikideba simZime da mkurnali CamoTvlis micvalebulebs. roca xsendeba is
micvalebuli, romlis sulmac gamoiwvia avadmyofoba, simZime iwyebs qanaobas. roca mkurnali suls
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ekiTxeba, ras isurvebda msxverpalad - Tevzs, cxovels Tu adamians, suli imave gziT iZleva pasuxs.
avadmyofobis suli SeiZleba daepatronos yvelas, Samanis garda.
indoevropelebTan ufro rTuli magiko-religiuri struqturebia, romlebic Samanizmze mTlianad
ar daiyvaneba, Tumca maTSi Samanizmis elementebi aris. indoevropelTa religiur preistoriaze mcire
informaciaa. dRes moRweul sistematizirebul religiur struqturebSi aris eqstaturi teqnikebi,
romlebSic ikiTxeba Samanizmis gavlena. skandinaviuri odinis sxeuli mkvdris magvari roca iyo,
frinvelad gadaqceuli misi suli wvdeboda Sor qveynebs. es tipiuri Samanuri motivia. jojoxeTSi
(romelic xSirad cxrasarTuliani aris, zecis analogiurad) “orfeosuli” Casvla Zalze xSirad gvxvdeba,
maT Soris odinis miTSic (odini skandinaviuri miTologiis RmerTia, uigivdeba germanul vodans.
mas Tayvans scemdnen germanuli tomebi - frankebi, saqsebi, anglebi, vandalebi, goTebi; Cv.w-iT I
saukuneSi taciti vodans merkuris saxeliT ixseniebs; fiqroben, rom genezisSi igi RmerT-jadoqari,
Samani iyo; odinic magiuri Zalis da eqstaturi teqnikis mflobelia).
sayuradReboa germanuli tomebis erTi tradicia. Tu adamians unda rom gaxdes
winaswarmetyveli an poeti, igi winaswarmetyvelis an poetis saflavze iZinebs, rom gardacvlilis suli
Casaxldes masSi. analogebi iZebneba Samanebis iniciaciaSic.
istoriuli da miTologiuri dokumentebic Warbad Seicaven Samanur elementebs,
gansakuTrebiT apolonTan dakavSirebuli personaJebi, romlebic saberZneTSi CrdiloeTidan arian
mosulebi. oRond, xsenebul SemTxvevebSi eqstazis Samanur procedurebs, ZiriTadad,
winaswarmetyvelebis funqcia hqonda. SedarebiT metia Samanuri elementebi miTSi, sadac
evridikes dasabruneblad orfeosi qvesknelSi eSveba. aRsaniSnavia, rom orfeoss hqonda “didi
Samanis” sxva Tvisebebic - mkurnalobis, jadoqrobis, musikis, Seucnobelis Secnobis unari, uyvarda
cxovelebi, adamianTan RvTaebrivi sibrZnis momtani iyo.
skviTebTan damarxvis ritualSi Sedioda kanafis dayra gaxurebul qvebze, oxSivaris
SesunTqva da ekstazSi Sesvla. am SemTxvevaSi eqstazSi Sesulis suli micvalebulisas acilebda
suleTSi. amgvar procedurebs herodotic aRwers da altais Tanamedrove mkvidrebSic dasturdeba.
rogorc cnobilia, skviTebis bevri tradicia Semonaxulia kavkasiaSi, gansakuTrebiT - osebTan.
Samanizmis TvalsazrisiT mTis qarTvelebSi sayuradReboa “mesuleTxe” - qali an gogona, romelic
acilebs micvalebulis suls. SeiZleba micvalebuli gansxeuldes masSi da misi piriT gvamcnos
saTqmeli. am funqcias mesuleTxe transSi asrulebs. bevri saerToa kavkasiis da iranis Samanur
tradiciebSi. iranul warmodgenebSi gamcilebeli micvalebuls esaWiroeba imisTvis, rom “bewvis
xidze” borotma sulebma ar sZlion da ar Caagdon qvesknelSi. amgvar gamcileblad sakuTar Tavs
miiCnevda mazdeanobis Semqneli zaratustra (zaraTuSTra). ra Tqma unda, es xdeba eqstazSi,
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romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia “bewvis xidze” gadasvlis Samanuri xilvebi. magram aris bevri sxva
elementi, romelic zaratustrasTan gansxvavdeba Samanizmisgan. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zveli irani
icnobda kanafis kvamliT eqstazSi Sesvlis praqtikas. aseve cnobili iyo maTTvis eqstazi RviniT
Trobisagan. virafis sulma 7 dRiani Trobis Sedegad datova sxeuli da imogzaura mazdeanur saiqioSi.
iranuli sityva “bangha”, romelic kanafs aRniSnavs, sxva ugro-finur enebSi gavrcelda rogorc bangis,
an Samanuri sokos aRmniSvneli. analogebi bevr sxva enebSic iZebneba, rac iranis maRal religiur
avtoritetze miuTiTebs, rogorc eqstazis intoqsikaciiT miRwevis qveyanaze.
narkotikebiT transis miRweva Samanizmis vulgaruli variantia, es gaiolebaa rTuli gzis.
narkotikebze gadasvla rom eqstazis teqnikis daqveiTebaa isic mianiSnebs, rom Crdilo-aRmosavlur
SamanizmSi narkotikebi SedarebiT gvian gamoCnda. narkotikebiT transis miRwevam
gansakuTrebiT didi adgili daikava islamur mistikaSi, Tumc wmindanebi ar sargeblobdnen
surogatebiT. bevr derviSs SeeZlo frinvelad “gadaqceva”, rac isev Samanizmis elementia.
Samanizmis Tanmxlebi saxea cad asvla “sicocxlis xis” saSualebiT. igive saxes vxvdebiT
birmaSi. sicocxlis xiT adis Samani caSi. am xesTan swiravdnen msxverpls, romelic aseve am gziT
adioda RmerTTan. amas axlavs qurumis frinvelad qcevis warmodgenebi. Svidi nabijiT cad
amaRleba gvxvdeba budasTan. TiToeul zecas Seesabameba ioguri meditaciis safexuri. iTvleba, rom
budisti beri im zecaze xvdeba sikvdilis Semdeg, romel donezec SeCerda meditaciaSi. indoelebis
praqtikebSi didi adgili ukavia frenis unaris ganviTarebas. patanjali iogiT miRweul erTerT uanrad
asaxelebs frenis unars - “...igi gadaadgildeba rogorc surs”. aq gzaa specifiuri - fsiqomentaluri
disciplina. amasTan dakavSirebiT sayuradReboa strabonis informacia “RrublebSi mosiarule”
adamianebze.
sayuradReboa induri “tapasi”-c - uCveulo Sinagani simxurvale, an asketuri Zalisxmeva. misi
Sinaarsi farTed iSleba rigvedaSi. Sedegi - asketi naTelmxilveli xdeba, zogjer iqceva “RmerTad”.
Sinagani simxurvale, romelic axlavs magebis da Samanebis praqtikas, cecxlis flobis da fizikur
kanonTa daZlevis niSania, anu “gaxurebul” mags SeuZlia marTos samyaro. Warbi siTbo
gamomuSavdeba cecxlTan meditaciiT da sunTqvis SeCerebiT. oRond, iogas ideologia (sabolood
Serwyma aradiferencirebul absolutTan) savsebiT gansxvavdeba Samanuri ideologiisgan.
rigvedaSi vawydebiT magaliTebs, sadac avadmyofis suls gankurnebisTvis uZaxian. aseve,
indoeTSi aRiarebulia Zilis dros sulis mogzauroba, sulis dakargva da sxva warmodgenebi, romlebic
tipiuria SamanizmisTvis. ganviTareba hpova im variantmac, rom Samanis suls SeuZlia sxva sxeulSi
Sesvla. iogisTvis samadhisTan erTad arc narkotikebis gamoyeneba aris ucxo eqstaturi gancdebis
misaRebad. iogas da Samanuri transis miznebi gansxvavebulia - pirveli miiswrafvis kosmosis
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farglebs gareT, srul ganusazRvrelobaSi gasvlisken; meore - sxvadasxva kosmiur samyaroebSi sulis
mogzaurobisken. Tumc, unda vivaraudoT, rom arsebobda Sualeduri formebi. upaniSadebsa da
tantrizmzSi uxvadaa Sinagani sinaTlis Tema, rac aseve xSirad gvxvdeba Samanuri gancdebis
aRweraSi.
budas erTerTi legendis mixedviT, gasxivosnebis (naTelxilvas miaxlebis, Sinagani sinaTlis
miRwevis) Semdeg igi mimdevarTa Tvalwin avida haerSi, daanakuwa sxeuli, romlis nawilebi
cvioda miwaze, da Semdeg xelaxla aRdga. indur magiaSi es elementi imdenad aris gavrcelebuli,
rom fakirebis warmodgenis Cveuli nawili gaxda ymawvilis aSveba TokiT zecaSi da Semdeg misi
“daqucmaceba” daniT. igive elementi indoeTis garda gvxvdeba CineTSi, Zvel meqsikaSi da Sua
saukuneebis evropaSi, rasac aRweren XIV-XVII saukuneebis mogzaurebi. savaraudoa, rom am
ritualebSi saqme gvaqvs Samanuri xilvebis sajaro sanaxaobad gadaqcevasTan. aq aris rogorc zecaSi
TokiT mogzaurobis, aseve sxeulisgan gaTavisuflebis gancdis simboloebi. tibetSi iTvleboda, rom
pirveli mefe TokiT Camovida cidan. Samanizmis elementebi Warbadaa lamaizmSi, indo-tibetur
tantrizmSi da bon-pos religiaSi, romelsac bevri mkvlevari aigivebs daosizmTan. bon-pos qurums
SamanTan bevri saerTo aqvs - sulTa gadasvla, mediacia, zeciuri TokiT da zinzilakebiT mogzuroba
da sxva amgvari (mogvianebiT sulis “transportad” gadaiqca budisturi borbali). mkurnaloba
mdgomareobs avadmyofis sulis moZebnasa da dabrunebaSi.
lamaizmSi igive elementebi aqvs bodhisatvas (gasxivosnebuls). lamaizmis da tantrizmis
kulturebSi gvxvdeba atmosferos marTva, haerSi frena, eqstaturi cekvebi, ConCxebis
gamosaxulebac tansacmelze, rac cimbirul Samanizms emsgavseba. es SeiZleba uSualo gavlenebiT
ar iyos ganpirobebuli da kavSirSi iyos im arqaul avtoqtonur warmodgenebTan, romlis mixedviTac,
magaliTad - Zvali sakraluria. tibetSi vxvdebiT demonebisa da cxovelebis mier sxeulis daglejvis
xilvasac (maT Soris budas sxeulis), rac Crdiloamerikel SamanebTan gvxvdeboda. analogiuri
Sinaarsis aris iogebis zogierTi fsiqologiuri varjiSic.
Samanizmis iseTi elementi, rogoricaa “mistiuri siTbo” Zvel vedur teqstebSic aris
dafisqsirebuli. igi mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs ioga-tantrul teqnikaSic. es siTbo gamoiwveva
sunTqvis SeCerebiT da seqsualuri energiis SekavebiT. zogierT indo-tibetur iniciaciaSi iogi
mowmdeba imiT, Tu zamTris RameSi ramden svel zewars gaaSrobs “Sinagani siTboTi”.
analogiuria manjurieli Samanis iniciacia. vxvdebiT am movlenas labradoris eskimosebTanac.
“cecxlze batonobis” ideac ar unda iyos gadatanili erTi kulturidan meoreSi, radgan am kulturebis
kontaqti ar dasturdeba. savaraudoa, rom am ideis ganmeorebas sxva organuli sufuZveli aqvs. bevri
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msgavsebis miuxedavad unda gaesvas xazi im gansxvavebas, rac arsebobs sulis primitiul Samanur
gagebasa da budisturi metafizikis koncefcias Soris.
lolebi, ta[ilandel]ebi da Cinelebi darwmunebulebi arian, rom pirveli adamianebi Tavisuflad
moZraobdnen casa da miwas Soris. “codvis” Semdeg gza daiketa. sikvdilis Semdeg suli poulobs
gzas zecisaken (aq figurirebs xidi, xe, frena). amaSi mas Samani exmareba. gvxvdeba SiSveli
fexebiT danis kibeze siarulic da cxeniT mgzavrobac, rac saerTos poulobs centraluri aziis
SamanizmTan. Samanis moxarSva qvabSi da misi uvneblad darCena gvagonebs cimbireli Samanis
iniciaciur xilvebs. aris Samanis mier micvalebulis codvili sulis gacilebac imqveynad demonebis
agresiisgan mis gadasarCenad. iTvleba, rom am misiiT gamuSves RmerTebma miwaze pirveli
Samani.
eqstazis miRwevis uZvelesi saSualebebi iyo marxva, yuradRebis koncentracia, cekva
dacemamde. eqstaturoba mmarTvelis aucilebel atributad iTvleboda daosistur da konfucianistur
traqtatebSi da erqva dao. daos qurums Cinurad uwodeben “frTian swavluls”. gansxvavebiT
Samanizmisgan Cinur variantSi eqstazas ar axlavs Sepyrobiloba, avadmyofuroba. daosizmSi
eqstazis gacilebiT meti arqauli teqnikaa asimilirebuli, vidre iogasa da budizmSi. daosel Samans
“dao-Si” hqvia, rac daosel mkurnals niSnavs. iniciaciis dros gvxvdeba sxvadasxva tipiuri ritualebi,
maT Soris, nakverCxlebze siarulic (“gaseirneba cecxlis bilikze”). analogiuria gadasvla “xmlebis
xidze”. orives winapirobaa sulieri momzadeba. Cinur miTologiaSi gvxvdeba orfeuli motivebic,
oRond qvesknelSi xSirad dedis an Svilis amosayvanad "Cadis” xolme Cineli. aRsaniSnavia, rom
rogorc yvelgan, aseve CineTSic cxovelis tyavis Cacma niSnavs adamianis am cxovelad gadaqcevas,
mis “me”-s eqstatur gardaqmnas. am dros adamiani iZens cxovelis, oRond ara imdenad realuri
cxovelis, ramdenadac misi miTologiuri versiis Tvisebebs.
mongoleTSi Samanizmis damarcxeba meCvidmete saukuneSi scada lamaizmma. sabolood
Sereuli suraTi Camoyalibda. iaponiaSi Samani umeteswilad qalia, Tanac xSirad - dabadebidan
brma. maTi swavleba grZeldeba samidan Svid wlamde. sruldeba - gogonas daqorwilebiT mfarvel
RmerTTan an sulTan. xandaxan, iniciaciis dros qorwinebaSi sulis funqcias sakuTar Tavze iRebs
RvTismsaxuri.
12. Samanizmis paraleluri miTebi, simboloebi da ritualebi
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“cxeni” – miTologiaSi sulTa gadamyvania. amitom sxvadasxva qveynis Samani xmarobs xis
cxens. “mWedeli”-s profesia Samanis profesias fexdafex mohyveba Tavis mniSvnelobiT.
mWedlebs aqvT mkurnalobis da naTelxilvis unari. misi sulis winaSe Samanic uZluria. isini
xmauriT muSaoben da afrTxoben borot sulebs. iakutur miTebSi mWedeli rkinasaviT awrTobs
Samanis suls. mWedels da Samans kidev erTi saerTo Tviseba aqvT - cecxlis moTviniereba, rac
gaxurebul rkinaze siarulis ritualSi gamoixateba. iniciaciur gaerTianebebSi mWedelebis
monawileoba dafiqsirebulia germaniasa da iaponiaSi. mWedeli profesiuli magiis magaliTia. is
xSirad demonur arsebad warmodgeba, radgan eSmaki sunTqvs cecxliT, anu igi Samanis magvarad
imorCilebs cecxls.
cecxlis damorCileba koncentrirebulia “magiuri simxurvalis” ideaSi. es idea ar ekuTvnis
marto Samanizms, igi mTeli magiisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. bevri magi da jadoqari Seeqceva
cxare da marilian saWmels Sinagani simxurvalis gasaZlereblad. indusebi gansakuTrebiT Zlieri
RvTaebebis epiTetSi “cecxlovans”, “cecxlis mflobels” gulisxmoben. igive xdeba (mxurvali,
mduRare) magiuri ZaliT dajildovebulTa daxasiaTebisas. CrdiloeT amerikaSi Samanis
momzadebaSi aseTive funqcia aqvs ritualur abanos. abano da kanafis kvamli am funqciiT
gamoiyeneboda skviTebTanac. aqve gasaxsenebelia induri tapasi. zogierT miTSi Samani Tavis
mxurvalebiT aduRebs wyals. amis meore mxarea naxverCxlis simxurvalisa Tu yinvebis mimarT
ugrZnobloba. Sinagnad gaxureba niSania Samanis mier im mdgomareobis miRwevis, romlis drosac
mas SeuZlia Tavis funqciis Sesruleba. am mdgomareobaSi igi kargavs mgrZnobelobas danis
dartymis mimarTac. aris im daSvebis safuZveli, rom Sinagani simxurvalis miRwevas xels uwyobs
garkveuli balaxebis moweva.
cimbireli, eskimoseli da Crdlio-amerikeli Samanebi “dafrinaven”. jadoqrebs da mkurnalebs
es uanri miewereba yvela qveyanaSi, maT Soris evropaSic. cnobilia, rom igive Tvisebas miaweren
iogebs da fakirebs. xSirad am mizniT jadoqari frinvelad gadaiqceva an imagrebs frTebs. amasve
miuTiTebs moZraobebi, Jestikulacia. umravles SemTxvevaSi es niSnavs mxolod gonebriv aqts.
rigveda ambobs “goneba - yvelaze swrafi frinvelia”. frenis atributi cad amaRlebis mizans
ukavSirdeba. es miTi, aseve ukavSirdeba sulieri avtonomiis da Tavisuflebis ideas, romelsac Tan
axlavs gonebis uZlevelobis da sulis ukvdavebis ideebi. cocxlebs Soris mxolod Samanebs ZaluZT
frena. sxva adamianebs istoriuli codvis gamo mxolod sikvdilis Semdeg SeuZliaT cad asvla da frena
rogorc Cits, isic - mxolod maT suls. suli-Citis saxe gvxvdeba Zvel egvipteSi, mesopotamiaSi da
bevr sxva kulturaSi. winaparTa sulebi Citis saxiT sxedan sicocxlis xeze. savaraudoa, rom es Tema
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ufro adrindelia, vidre TviT Samanizmi. wmindanebis frenisa Tu levitaciis Tema uxvadaa qristianul
kulturaSic.
Samanuri xilvebis kidev erTi universaluri Temaa xidiT gadasvla qvesknelSi. es Temac
scildeba Samanizmis farglebs. am TemaSi Semodis “viwro kari”, cis da miwis SemaerTebeli kibe,
liana, xe an bewvis xidi xilvebSi da miTologiaSi. samoTxis droSi am xidze yvela gadioda,
ramdenadac ar arsebobda sikvdili. Semdeg es xidi sulier samyaroSi darCa. masze codvianebi ver
gadadian. xidis Tema gvxvdeba qrisitianobaSic, magaliTad pavles xilvebi samoTxesTan
damakavSirebel bewvis xidze. arabuli TqmulebebSic aris xidi da biliki. Sua saukuneebSi lanceloti
gadadis xmlis xidze SiSveli fexebiT. xidze gadasvlisas Tu karebSi gasvlisas gadamwyvetia siswrafe
da simsubuqe - sxeuliT da codvebiT damZimebuli suli vardeba qvesknelSi, Tu msubuqia - swvdeba
cas, gansxivosndeba. es gmiris, Samanis an sxeulisgan Tavisufali sulis xvedria.
xidis Temis Taviseburi variantia cad asasvleli kibis Tema. kibiT adamianebic adian caSi da
RmerTebic Camodian miwaze. malais arqipelagze mzis RmerTs miwaze patiJeben, rom Camovides
Svidsafexuriani kibiT. daiakebis Samani mkurnalobisas avadmyofis qoxSi dgams kibes, rom suli
Camovides SamanSi Casasaxleblad. nepalSi micvalebulis kuboSi arWoben cxra naWdevian
(safexurian) joxs, rom suli avides zecaSi. kibis Tema Warbadaa egviptesa da romis imperiaSi.
Svidsafexuriani kibe figurirebs miTraistebis misteriebSic, berZnebTanac. cad amaRlebis sxva
saSualebebia cecxli an kvamli, xe, mTa, Toki, liana, erTmaneTSi SerWobili isrebi, cisartyela, mzis
sxivic ki da a.S.
13. Samanizmi da Tanamedroveoba
Samanizmis paradigma Tanamedrove fsiqoTerapiisTvis mniSvnelovania ramodenime

mizeziT. jer erTi, sulis gagebis da masze manipulaciis teqnologiis Semdgomi ganviTareba am
paradigmis evolucias warmoadgens. Tanac, SamanizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebi TiTqmis
erTnairad aris warmodgenili yvela religiur sistemaSi misi mistikuri nawilis saxiT. mistika ki
RvTismsaxurebis is formaa, romelic yvelaze farTed iyenebda fsiqologiur teqnologiebs.
Samanizmis mniSvnelobis meore aspeqti dakavSirebulia imasTan, rom rogorc TviT
Samanizmi, ise misi elementebi dResac izidavs pacientebs. gvaqvs Samanizmze dafuZnebuli
fsiqoTerapiuli skolebic. Samanuri teqnologiis formebi xSirad gvxvdeba dRes gavrcelebul seqtebSi,
sadac adamianebi swored fsiqologiuri problemebis gadasaWrelad midian.
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mesame aspeqti dakavSirebulia imasTan, rasac Samanuri praqtika gvaswavlis fsiqologiuri

zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb. upirveles yovlisa, esaa eqstralogikuri (paralogikuri) azrovneba, rogorc
fsiqikuri zemoqmedebisTvis xelsayreli niadagi. analogiebis mixedviT gaazreba da reagireba mxolod
pirvelyofil kulturaSi ar gvxvdeba. amgvari reagireba axasiaTebT bavSvebs, sxvadasxva sulieri
darRvevis mqone adamianebs, garkveuli tipis pirovnebebs. yvela adamians azrovnebis es stili
uCndeba Zlieri emociis an fantazirebis dros. Samanuri kultura fsiqikis am eqstralogikuri
moqmedebis Seswavlis kidev erTi empirikaa.
Samanuri praqtika aseve gviCvenebs, rom fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebisTvis ufro didi
mniSvneloba aqvs “pacientis” rwmenas, vidre SeTavazebuli koncefciis WeSmaritebas. Samanizmi
gviCvenebs imasac, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs “Terapevtis” TviTSefasebas. vnaxeT is, Tu ra maRali
TviTSefaseba hqonda Samans. SeiZleba, es TviTSefaseba iyo rogorc misi, aseve pacientis
gamojanrTelebis erTerTi mniSvnelovani wyaro.
aseve Samanuri kulturis Tavisebur ganviTarebad SeiZleba miviCnioT transis gamowvevis is
kultura, romlis Tavisebur formebs warmoadgens stresis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli autosugestiis
varjiSebi (kue, Sulci, jakobsoni). evropam transis gamowvevis es teqnologia aiRo Soreuli
aRmosavleTis religiuri sistemebidan, romlebic Samanis droindeli fsiqologiuri teqnologiebis
ganviTarebis Tanamedrove safexurad SeiZleba ganvixiloT. amasTanave, Cndeba sakiTxi - iyenebs
Tu ara Tanamedrove fsiqTerapia im teqnologiis mTels speqtrs, rac arsebobda sxvadasxva Samanur
kulturebSi? saeWvoa. albaT, amiT unda aixsnas Tanamedrove fsiqoTerapevtTa interesi am
kulturebis mimarT.
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Tavi 2. Soreuli aRmosavleTis sistemebi
Soreuli aRmosavleTis fsiqofizikuri varjiSebis uamravi sistema arsebobs. maT bevri ram
aqvT saerTo, Tumc gansxvavebebic bevria. sistemebis mrvalferovneba ganpirobebulia ganviTarebis
xangrZlivi istoriiT, mravalnairi religiur-kulturuli konteqstiT da farTe geografiuli arealiT. am
sistemebis sxvadasxva varianti gavrcelebulia Soreuli aRmosavleTis mTel vertikalze. CrdiloeTiT
aris cimbiris da monRoleTis is segmenti, sadac dResac gavrcelebulia Samanizmi (monRoleTSi -
budizmic). Semdeg modis CineTi, iaponia da indoeTi sadac fsiqofizikuri varjiSebis sistemaTa
damuSavebam miaRwia umaRles dones. vinaidan kontinentis am nawilSi mosaxleobis didi
raodenobaa, ramodenime religiam msoflio religiis masStabs miaRwia, xolo maTSi CarTuli
fsiqofizikur varjiSTa sistemebi msoflio kulturis sakuTrebad iqca (ramac ganapiroba maTi
elementebis gaCena fsiqoTerapiis praqtikaSi).
$ 1. Cinuri fsiqoteqnikuri sistemebi
1. istoriuli monacemebi
CineTSi, romlis mosaxleoba miliardze mets iTvlis, amJamad gavrcelebulia sami religia -
daosizmi, budizmi da konfucianeloba. CineTis pirveli saxelmwifo Seiqmna XIV saukuneSi Cv.
welTaRricxvamde. daosizmi aRmocenda iq 6-5 saukuneSi Cvens welTaRricxvamde. dao-s Sesaxeb
moZRvrebis fuZemdebelad iTvleba lao czi. moZRvrebis mixedviT mxolod bunebrivi kanonebis
(daos) dacva aZlevs adamians saSualebas, rom SeinarCunos sakuTari buneba. daos kanonizirebuli
teqstebi (dao can) Camoyalibda me-12 saukuneSi. amave periodSi daosizmi daiyo or skolad:
samxreTis da CrdiloeTisad. samxreTelebs swamdaT bedis, winaswarmetyvelebdnen mas da
cdilobdnen SeecvalaT igi amuletebiT, TilismiT, SelocvebiT da locvebiT. isini cxovrobdnen saero
cxovrebiT, ojaxdebodnen, marxulobdnen mxolod zogierT dRes. es mimdinareoba saTaves iRebda
Zveli magebis, jadoqrebis da Samanebisgan. misi mimdevrebi adamianis Sinagan srulyofas ar
aqcevdnen did yuradRebas da moqmedebdnen garegani ritualebis da instrumentebis gamoyenebiT.
CrdiloeTis skolac iyenebda magebis gamocdilebas, magram amasTanave iswrafvoda
adamianis bunebis srulyofisken. misi mimdevrebi iyvnen berebi, romlebic monastrebSi
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cxovrobdnen, icavdnen celibats, iyvnen vegetarianelebi, ar svamdnen Rvinos. maTi moZRvrebis

ZiriTad nawils Seadgenda miTiTebebi meditaciaze, sunTqvis da fizikuri varjiSebze.
2. daosizmi
“dao” (Cinurad - RmerTi, sityva, logosi, gza) Zveli Cinuri filosofiis cnebaa, romelic
aRniSnavs mas, rasac ara aqvs saxeli da forma, rac mudmivia, erTiani, droisgan damoukidebeli,
uxmoa, uxilavi da Seumecnebeli, ganusazRvrelia da srulyofili, mudmiv simSvidesa da
moZraobaSia, yvela cvlilebis pirvelmizezia, aris “yvela sagnis deda”, “yvelafris fesvi”, mxolod
sakuTar Tavze aris damokidebuli, aris Zala anu suli, romelic marTavs da moicavs samyaros. es
cneba xandaxan gamoiyeneba budas gzis, gasxivosnebis gzis, Zenis gzis da sxva analogiuri cnebebis
mniSvnelobiT. ufro farTed aris gavrcelebuli “daos” gamoyeneba meTodis, saSualebis da gzis
aRsaniSnavad.
daosistebis mier wamoyenebuli mizania ukvdavebis Zieba sakuTari Zalebis an magiuri
ritualebis daxmarebiT. maTTvis ukvdaveba sxeulis ukvdavebasac niSnavda, radgan miaCndaT, rom
usxeulod sulebi ar arseboben. adamianSi isini mravali sulis arsebobas aRiarebdnen. sulebis ori jgufi
iyo - sami zeda da Svidi qveda. sikvdilis momentSi isini Sordebodnen erTmaneTs, mxolod erTiani
sxeuli iyo am sulebis da pirovnebis erTianobis safuZveli.
daos mimdevrebi Tvlidnen, rom ukvdavni iyvnen mxolod adamianebi, romlebic aRwevdnen
survilebis gareSe arsebobis mdgomareobas. zogadsakacobrio eTikuri normebis dacva iyo
ukvdavebis pirveli piroba. amis msurvels unda Caedina 1200 keTili saqme Tundac erTi cudi
saqcielis gareSe. am saqcielebis dafiqsirebisTvis specialuri cxrilebic ki Seiqmna, romelsac Semdeg
farTed iyenebdnen konfucianelebi. iyo akrZalvebi yvelasTvis - 5 akrZalva: ar mokla, ar dalio
Rvino, ar icruo, ar iqurdo, dauSvebelia sisxlis aRreva. amasaTanave savaldebuloa 10 sikeTe:
mSoblebis pativiscema, batonis da maswavleblis erTguleba, yvela cocxalis TanagrZnoba,
gaWirvebulTa daxmareba, cxovelTa da frinvelTa daxmareba, xidebis aSeneba, xeebis dargva,
saxlebis da Webis Seneba, ugnurTa darigeba.
ukvdavebis maZiebelTa mimarT erTerTi mTavari moTxovna iyo vegetarianeloba. sxeuli
daosistebisTvis mikrokosmia, romelSic makrokosmis msgavasad materialur nawilebSi sulebi arian
Casaxlebuli. maT sxeulSi 36 000 suli daasaxles, romlebic 3 an 6 nawilad jgufdebian da
ukavSirdebian sxeulis sxvadasxva nawils. sxeulis kveba saWiroa, raTa sulebma ar miatovon igi.
ukvdaveba aris sxeulSi sulebis mudmivi yofna. sxeulSi dabadebidanve saxlobs “sami Wia”. erTi
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TavSi - “nirvanas sasaxleSi”. meore - mkerdSi, mesame - qvemoT. isini ikvebebian marcvleuliT.
amitom marxva sxeuls aTavisuflebs am Wiebisgan, romlebsac sxeulis sikvdili undaT, raTa mere
TviT gaTavisufldnen da gadaiqcnen “aCrdilebad”.
daosistebisTvis ukvdavebis meore mniSvnelovani piroba iyo sulis ganmtkiceba, rac
miiRweva haeris SerwymiT esenciasTan “czin”. amis miRwevis saSualebaa sunTqvis varjiSebi,
moZraobiTi varjiSebi da, xandaxan, wamlebi da masaJebi.
3. Cjen cziun (nemsiT Cxvleta-mowva) Terapia
misi gaCenis dro ucnobia. zustad arc qveyanaa cnobili, Tumc umravlesoba CineTs Tvlis mis
samSoblod. garkveuli wertilebis nemsiT Cxvleta (akupunqtura), mowva da masaJi (akupresura)
farTed gamoiyeneboda CineTSi, koreaSi, vietnamsa Tu iaponiaSi. meores mxriv, londonis
muzeumSi Semonaxul egviptur papirusSi, romelic daTariRebulia 1550 wliT Cvens
welTaRricxvamde, mocemulia Cxvletis wertilebi. Tumc, faqtia, rom am meTodma CineTSi
moipova yvelaze farTe gavrceleba. 1026 wels Cveni welTaRricxviT CineTSi gaCnda “brinjaos
adamianis atlasi”, romelzec aRniSnuli iyo CJen-cziun wertilebi.
4. ciguni
“ci”-s yvelasTvis misaRebi ganmarteba ar arsebobs. zogi eleqtrul energiad miiCnevs, zogi -
magniturad, zogi-siTbosad. istoriis mcodnisTvis es metismetad viwro ganmartebebia. aseve viwroa
cigunis miCneva janmrTelobis gasaumjobesebeli varjiSebis an meditaciis sistemad.
“ci” samyaroSi arsebuli bunebrivi energiaa. aris zeciuri (aminds hqvia tian ci), miwieri,
yoveli cocxali arsebis da maT Soris adamianuri ci (armiis moralur suls uwodeben “ci Si”-s, anu
energiulobas). “gun”-iT aRiniSneba yvelaferi, rac drosa da energiis daxarjvas gulisxmobs, anu
varjiSebi. e.i. “cigun” aris ci-sTan dakavSirebuli varjiSebi.
adamianis energia zecis da miwis energiis gavlenis qveSaa, amitom bunebrivi gzebis, anu
“daos” codna aucilebelia. adamianuri “ci”-s cirkulaciis normalizacias emsaxureba akupunqtura,
akupresura, meditacia, cigunis varjiSebi da balaxebiT mkurnaloba. amave mizans emsaxureba
sabrZolo xelovnebis daufleba (risi magaliTsac iZleva Saolinis monasteri).
“ci”-s pirveli koncefcia mocemulia Cv. welTaRricxvamde 1122 wels Seqmnil wignSi “i-
czin”(cvalebadobaTa wigni). arqeologiuri masala miuTiTebs, rom jer kidev 2690-2590 wlebSi Cv.
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welTaRricxvamde ukve gamoiyeneboda qvis nemsebi. lao czi (1122-934 wlebi Cv.
welTaRricxvamde) Tavis “dao de czinSi” axsenebs sunTqviT varjiSebs - janmrTelobisTvis
“saWiroa czis Wvreta da sirbile”-o. aRsaniSnavia, rom am periodis warmodgenebi cigunze ar iyo
kavSirSi religiasTan.
III saukunidan Cinelebma aRmoaCines moZraobebis Terapiuli efeqti. daaxloebiT,
Cv.welTaRricxvis 60-iani wlebidan Cinelebma gaicnes induri budizmi. induri varianti ufro religiuri
iyo da Semecnebis da wvdomis, anu budas mdgomareobis Seqmnis miznebs isaxavda.
$ 2. induri fsiqoteqnikuri sistemebi
1. istoriuli masala
indoeTSi meoce saukunis bolos cxovrobda 800 milionamde adamiani, romelTagan 83%
indiusti, 11% musulmani da 6% sxva religiebis (qristianebi, sikhebi da a.S.) mimdevrebi iyvnen.
induizmi indoeTis xalxebis sulieri cxovrebis sistemaa, romlis safuZvelia sanskrituli kultura,
da moicavs mecnierul, filosofiur, religiur-miTologiur, esTetikur, sociologiur, samarTlebriv Tu
eTikur codnas da normebs. nepalSi da indoeTSi igi saxelmwifo religiaa. “induizmi”-s termini
Semovida me-19 saukuneSi indoeTis religiur SexedulebaTa aRsaniSnavad. amitom, es cneba
amorfulia. masSi SeuZlebelia gamoiyos erTiani kredo, dogma, kanoni, taZari an rituali.
savaraudoa, rom induizmi warmoiSva adreuli miwaTmoqmedebis kulturis Camoyalibebis
periodSi, me-10 aTaswleulSi Cven welTaRricxvamde. igi apogeas aRwevs me-7 aTaswleulSi
Cvens welTaRricxvamde uZvelesi drois yvelaze didi civilizaciis dros, romelsac amJamad
protoindurs uwodeben. es civilizacia mdebareobda indoeTis CrdiloeTiT indsa da gangs Sua
(savaraudoa, rom swored am civilizaciis wiaRSi Seiqmna induizmis safuZveli - “vedebi”).
Cvens welTaRricxvamde 2 aTasi wlis SualedSi iwyeba am zesaxelmwifos krizisi da mis
mcxovrebTa nawili midis Sua da mcire aziaSi, aRmosavleT da dasavleT evropaSi. veduri kulturis
matareblebi sakuTar Tavs ariebs (gasxivosnebulebs) uwodebdnen. es kulturologiuri termini iyo
(mTvaris RvTaebis mimdevrebs aRniSnavda) da ara - eTnografiuli. Zvel msoflioSi indoelebis
migraciam sanskritisa da veduri msoflmxedvelobis gavrceleba gamoiwvia, razec miuTiTebs
indoevropuli enebis naTesaoba. am kriteriumiT gamodis, rom yvelaze axlos arielebTan arian
41
iranelebi (induri vedebis da iranuli avestas teqstebSi identuri adgilebic ki aris), mere slavebi (“ved”
- codna), Semdeg litvelebi, berZnebi, laTinelebi da bolos - kelturi, romanuli da germanuli xalxebi.
vedebi (rac mecnierebebs niSnavs) Zvelinduri literaturis Zeglia, romelic Cv.w-mde II
aTaswleulis bolosa da I aTaswleulis dasawyisSi Seiqmna ariul tomebSi. moicavs or nawils. maTgan
pirveli (Sruti) moicavs 4 nawils - aTharvedas, rigvedas, samavedas da iajurvedas. vedebSi
mocemulia iseTi disciplinebi, rogoricaa maTematika, astronomia, medicina da seqsologia, filologia
(teqstologia, etimologia, fonetika, gramatika, ritorika, poetika), pedagogika, samarTali da
politologia, sociologia, filosofia kosmologiiT, logika, fsiqologia, eTika, esTetika, Teologia da a.S.
damatebiTi vedebi moicavdnen medicinas (aiurveda), samxedro saqmes, musikas, qandakebasa da
arqiteqturas. Cvens welTaRricxvamde II-I aTaswleulis es codna xSirad SesabamisobaSia codnis
Tanamedrove donesTan. miTologiur-fsiqologiuri paralelebis Semcvel nawilebs upaniSadebi
ewodeba. upaniSadebs efuZneba indoeTis fsiqologiuri praqtika.
induizi Cv. welTaRricxvmde I aTaswleulis bolos Secvala vedurma brahmanizmma.
mogvianebiT induizmi aRorZinda axal droSi da gaaerTiana sxvadasxva induri religiuri
warmodgenebi. adreuli etapi induisturi miTologiis asaxulia “mahabharatasa” da “ramaianaSi”.
dasawyisSi panTeonSi wamyvani adgili ekava mama-RmerTs da RmerT-Semoqmeds (prajapati).
Semdeg misi adgili daikava brahmam, ZiriTadad, upaniSadebis (7-6 s. C.w-mde) filosofiuri poeziis
gavleniT, sadac brahma aris umaRlesi sawyisis, brahmanis personifikacia.
2. vedeuri miTologia da fsiqologiuri koncefcia
induistur miTologiaSi wamyvani motivia magiuri Zala, romelic asketizmiT miiRweva.

sxeulis “mokvdineba” (tapasi) yvela survilis Sesrulebis, qveynis Seqmnisa Tu dangrevis saSualebas
iZleva. tipiuria am miTologiisTvis asketuri da erotiuli sawyisebis Serwyma. brZeni-asketi
RmerTebze Zlieria. pirveli legendaluri brZenebis warmomSobi brahmaa, Semdeg es brZenebi
warmoSoben danarCen samyaros. ramdenadac adamiani aRwevs RmerTis dones, adamianis da
RmerTis brZolis Tema xSiria (maT Soris, “mahabharataSi” arjunasa da Sivas brZola).
upaniSadebze damyarebulia Sastrebi, maT Soris ZiriTadia 6 - mimansa, vedanta, niia,
vaiSeSika, sankhia da ioga. “ioga-vasiSrha” filosofiur-poeturi eposia, romelic 24 000 strofisgan
Sedgeba. mahabharataSi mocemulia umaRles sulier sawyisTan gaigivebis 4 xerxi an gza (ioga):
raja-ioga (adamianis faruli unarebs ganviTareba uzenaesi Zalis wvdomisTvis), karma ioga (SedegiT
dainteresebis gareSe Cadenili saqcieli, rogorc uzenaesi Zalis wvdomis gza), Jnani-ioga (cnobieri
42
Semecneba, rogorc gza), bhathi-ioga (religiuroba, RvTis siyvaruli da pativiscema, rogorc gza;
zogierTi avtori am meoTxe gzas calke ar gamohyofs, ramdenadac igi CarTulia danarCen samSi).
WeSmariteba induri filosofiisTvis araa faseuli, faseulia gaTavisufleba, damoukidebloba
WeSmaritebis wvdomis Sedegad. gaTavisufleba gulisxmobs amqveeyniuri cxovrebisTvis sikvdils
da upirobo arsebobis formiT yofnas. pirovneba araa saboloo elementi, is mxolod gancdebis
sinTezia, romelic waiSleba gasxivosnebisas. iTvleba, rom Tavisuflebis miRwevis Semdeg
pirovnebis fsiqologiuri saWiroeba moxsnilia.
3. iogas principebi
iTvleba, rom termin “ioga”-s etimologia warmodgeba zmna “iuj”-is Ziridan, rac niSnavs
“erTad Sekvras”, “marxvas”, “SeerTebas”. misi monaTesave sityvebia laTinuri jungum, franguli
joung da a.S. zogadad “iogaTi” aRiniSneba nebismieri asketuri teqnika da meditaciis meTodi.
iogas sxvadasxva skolebi sxvadasxva meTodebs aniWeben upiratesobas. maT Soris
“klasikurad” iTvleba patanjalis “ioga-sutra”. aseve arsebobs arasistemuri meTodebi, arabrahmanuli
(budisturi, janaisturi) ioga da a.S. dRemde grZeldeba diskusiebi patanjalis pirovnebis Taobaze.
bevri mkvlevari, maT Soris, Sua saukuneebis indoeli komentatorebi miiCneven, rom esaa cnobili
patanjalis gramatikis avtori, romelic cxovrobda Cv. welTaRricxvamde II saukuneSi. magram am
kamaTs didi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, radgan teqnikebi patajalis ar Seuqmnia, isini saukuneebiT adre
iyo Seqmnili. amdenad, patajalis cxovrebis dro arafers gvetyvis iogas Seqmnis droze.
patajalis iogas filosofia “ioga-darSana” (“darSana” - mzera, dakvirveba, warmodgena,
Tvalsazrisi, swavleba da a.S.) erTerTia orTodoqsaluri filosofiuri sistemebidan. orTodiqsalurad
iTvleba brahmanizmTan TanxmobaSi myofi sistema (eretikuli filosofia aqvs budizms da janaizms).
indoeTis filosofiuri sistemebi gansxvavdeba evropulisgan - isini, ZiriTadad, adamianis sulier
gamocdilebas aRweren. am filosofiur sistemebSi uxvadaa rCevebi asketizmis da Wvretis teqnikaze.
patanjali araa arc filosofiis da arc teqnikebis avtori, igi mxolod im procedurebis koregirebas da
sistematizacias axdens, romlebic patanjalimde didi xniT adre iyo cnobili indoeTis ezoTeruli
wreebisTvis. rac Seexeba filosofias, man mxolod sankhia gaafarTova - Seitana masSi Teizmi,
Tanac sakmaod zedapiruli, da amaSi dainaxa meditaciis umaRlesi fuqcia. adre ioga mxolod
mistikuri tradicia iyo, patanjalis Semdeg - filosofiuri sistema gaxda.
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sankhias da iogas sistemebs cota ram ganasxvavebs: 1) sankhia aTeisturia, ioga Teisturi,
ramdenadac aRiarebs umaRlesi RvTaebis, iSvaras arsebobas; 2) sankhia xsnis erTaderT saSualebad
miiCnevs metafizikur codnas, ioga - meditaciis xerxebs aniWebs did mniSvnelobas.
induri tradicia sankhias ganixilavs uZveles koncefciad (darSanad), romlis ZiriTadi marcvalia
samSvinvelis (puruSas) CamoSoreba pirvelmateriisgan (prakriti). sankhiasa da iogasTvis samyaro
realuria (da ara - iluzoruli, rogorc, magaliTad, vedantisTvis). oRond is arsebobas inarCunebs
mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac me-s (puruSas, suls) ara aqvs Secnobili sakuTari Tavi. rogorc ki suli
Seimecnebs, rom igi Tavisufalia, qreba amqveyniuri tanjva da Cagvra, yvela qmnileba ubrundeba
pirvelad kosmosamdel mdgomareobas.
idea, rom samyaros simtkice aris sulieri umecrebis Sedegi, ganmsWvalavs mTel indur
filosofiur azrovnebas. upaniSadebidan moyolebuli indoeTi uaryofs samyaros, efemerulad da
iluzorulad miiCnevs mas, Tumc ar vardeba arc nihilizmSi, arc pesimizmSi. amqveyniuri (religiur
enaze - profanuli) cxovrebis sanacvlod indoeTis swrafva inacvlebs wmida, sulier cxovrebisaken da
amiT Tavisufldeba tanjvisgan, radgan tanjvis erTaderT mizezad amqveyniur cxovrebaze
mijaWvuloba miaCnia.
samyaro Camoyalibebis mudmiv procesSia. yovelive arsebuli odesme gaCnda, ganicada
cvlilebebi da mokvda, daiSala da gaqra. am bedis mqone warmonaqmni ar SeiZleba iyos sakraluri,
wminda, romelic Tavisufalia da ukvdavi. amitom, adamianisTvis xsnas (tanjvisagan xsnas),
ganwmendas warmoadgens amqveyniurisgan gaTavisufleba, rasac ukvdavebac moaqvs. indoeTis
filosofiuri azrovneba swored sulis gaTavisuflebis gzebis ZiebiT aris dakavebuli (Tu dasavleTisTvis
amgvari Tavisufleba mxolod religiuri rwmenis gziT miiRweva, indoeTi Tavisuflebis miRwevis
gzebis simravles ar zRudavs romelime erTiT da Semecnebis yvelaze sapatio sagnad gaTavisuflebis
gzebis Zieba miaCnia).
rogorc fsiqoteqnika, aseve filosofia indoeTisTvis Rirebulia mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac
SeuZliaT adamianis gaTavisufleba tanjvisgan. nebismieri adamianuri gamocdileba tanjviTaa
ganpirobebuli (tanjva induri teqstebSi yvela uaryofiT emocias gulisxmobs). “sxeuli tanjvaa, radgan
igi tanjvis WurWelia; grZnobis organoebi, grZnobis obieqtebi, SegrZnebebi - tanjvaa, radgan
warmoadgenen gzas tanjvisken; TviT siamovnebac ki tanjvaa, radgan mas tanjva mosdevs” -
naTqvamia “sankhia-sutrebi”-s komentarebSi. miuxedavad aseTi poziciis sayovelTao gavrcelebisa,
indoeTis arcerTi filosofiuri skola sasowarkveTas ar eZleva. piriqiT, tanjva xdeba gaTavisuflebisken
swrafvis stimuli da, amdenad, mas dadebiTi Rirebulebac ki aqvs.
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tanjulia yvelaferi, rac droSi arsebobs - RmerTidan mweramde. adamians, gansxvavebiT

RmerTebisa da sxva cocxali arsebebisgan, SeuZlia daZlios Tavis mdgomareoba, daZlios karma da
mospos tanjva - es, indoeTis yvela filosofiuri da mistikuri mimdinareobisTvis saerTo rwmena
gamoricxavs pesimizms da sasowarkveTas. skolebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian mxolod arCeuli
gziT - tanjvisgan gaTavisufleba zogjer miiRweva codnis SeZeniT (magaliTad, vedantis da sankhias
moZRvrebebSi), zogjer - fsiqoteqnikuri saSualebebiT (iogasa da budistur skolaTa umravlesobaSi).
niias skolisTvis mtkice argumentaciiT aRWurvili codna fenomenaluri samyaros iluziidan
gaTavisuflebis, realur “me”-sTan (puruSa atmani) Serwymis saSualebas iZleva. es aris codna imis
Sesaxeb, rom Cven samSvinvelSi mocemuli fsiqomentaluri gamocdileba sulSi ar unda SegveSalos,
radgan es ukanaskneli aris “me”-s WeSmariti realoba (es ganasxvavebs profanul da spiritualur
codnas). misi wvdomis Sedegi aris gasxivosneba. am transcedentaluri, metafizikuri codnis safuZveli
iyo vedebi.
sankhia da ioga am princinebs savsebiT iziareben, filosofia maT saerTo aqvT. gansxvaveba
mxolod imaSia, rom sankhia sulieri damoukideblobis miRwevisTvis sakmarisad Tvlis Semecnebas,
gnoziss, xolo ioga askezis da meditaciis gzas aRiarebs.
am saerTo filososfiisTvis samSvinveli (puruSa) - cnobiereba da gancdebi iseTive bunebisaa,
rogorc materialuri samyaro, gansxvaveba mxolod substaciis simkvriveSia. xolo suli (prakriti)
arsebobis sxva donis, sxva bunebis movlenaa, vidre dakvirvebadi realoba.
ioga ZiriTadad viTardeboda induizmis da budizmis farglebSi, Tumc TviT ar warmoadgens
religiur sistemas. misi mizania daimorCilos cnobierebis xuTive mdgomareoba - swori da mcdari
Semecneba, Zili, qvecnobieri, warmosaxva da mexsereba. iogas klasikuri versiis avtoris patanjalis 8
safexuriani sistema mowodebulia SeaCeros cnobierebis yvela formis muSaoba da moaxdinos
umaRlesi fsiqofizikuri integracia. swori pozis da sxeulis wonasworoba, muskulebis, Sinagani
organoebis da sunTqvis kontroli Sevida haTha iogaSi. iogas bolo safexurs, “samefo iogas” ewodeba
raja-ioga da miznad isaxavs yuradRebis, warmosaxvis da sxva cnobierebis funqciebis CamoSorebas
gare sagnebidan da sakuTar Tavze koncentracias.
4. iogas rva safexuri
patanjalis mier gamoyofili I safexuri (iiama) gulisxmobs “fsiqikur ganwmendas” - Tavis

Sekavebas sibrazis da gaborotebisgan, emociebisgan, zedmeti sqesobrivi cxovrebisgan da
45
kvebisgan, sikeTes da mimteveblobas yvela cocxali arsebisadmi, simarTles da cxovrebis wesis sxva
momentebs. Tavis Sekavebis unaris gamomuSaveba iTvleba fsiqikuri TviTregulaciis pirobad, rac
aucilebelia meditaciisTvis.
II safexuris (niiama) mizania fsiqikuris “gare ganwmenda” - Sinagani organoebis
mowesrigeba, moqmedebis neli tempi, Tavis Sekaveba zedmeti moZraobebisgan, laparakisgan
(metyveleba gonebis ganfantvaa).
Semdegi ori safexuri ganekuTvneba haTha iogas, romelic raja iogas nawilad ganixileba.
haTha aris sasicocxlo energiis (pranas) moqmedebis ori gamovlineba - dadebiTis, mzis, siTbos
“ha”-s (“ian”-CinurSi) da uaryofiTis, mTvaris, sicivis “Tha”-s (“in”-CinurSi). haTha ioga
organizmSi maT harmonizacias axdens pozebis da sunTqvis regulaciiT.
III safexuris mizania im pozebis (asanebis) gamomuSaveba, romlebSic, patanjalis mixedviT,
moxsnilia dapirispireba insa da ians Soris. Tanamedrove klinikuri gamokvlevebi adastureben, rom
asanebi axdens adamianze fizikur, fsiqikur da Terapiul zemoqmedebas.
IV safexurze miiRweva sasicocxlo energiis harmonizacia swori sunTqvis saSualebiT
(pranaiama). emociebis da sunTqvis kavSiri didi xnis SemCneulia (daZabuloba iwvevs sunTqvis
Sekavebas; Sveba - Rrma sunTqvas da a.S.). pranaiamas erTerTi mizania sunTqvis Cveuli ritmis
Seneleba, rac sasicocxlo funqciebis Senelebas gulisxmobs. ramaCaraka Tvlis (1915 w.), rom
pranaiama anelebs metabolizms. maRali rangis iogebi imdenad anelebdnen sunTqvas da guliscemas,
rom miwaSi droebiT damarxvas maTTvis vneba ar mohqonda.
patanjalis sistemis Semdegi safexurebi exeba fsiqikuri unarebis ganviTarebas, anu raja-
iogas. masze gadasvla iwyeba mxolod mas Semdeg, rac adamiani dauflebulia haTha iogas.
V safexurze (pratiahara) iogis mizania Sesabamisi pozis da sunTqvis fonze
TviTCaRrmaveba, gaTavisufleba grZnobebisgan (meditacia). Tanamedrove laboratoriebSi
gakeTebuli biodenebis Canaweri miuTiTebs, rom meditaciaSi, roca receftorebisgan moSorebulia
yuradReba, iogis tvini aRar reagirebs gare stimulaciaze. ramaCaraka am safexurze gamohyofs 2
etaps - Tavisufali, Zaldautanebeli fiqrebi da mere sakuTari sxeulis gaqroba am fiqrebidan.
VI safexurze (dharana) xdeba yuradRebis fiqsacia raime konkretul warmosaxul obieqtze (es
aris obieqtze pratiahara).
VII safexurze (dhiana) xdeba meditacia, koncentracia araxatovan da abstraqtul ideebze -
siyvaruli, siwminde da a.S. xatebis gaCena gamoricxulia. yuradReba mimarTulia ideaze, azrze.
46
VIII da saboloo safexuri (samadhi) gulisxmobs WeSmaritebis wvdomis sasiamovno

grZnobas (dhiana+eqstazi). iTvleba, rom am mdgomareobaSi adamiani srulyofilad flobs Tavis
fizikur da fsiqikur unarebs.
5. budizmi
budizmi - religiuri da filosofiuri moZRvrebaa, erTerTi (droSi pirveli) msoflio religiaa

qristianobasa da islamis gverdiT. budizmi yalibdeba Cv. welTaRricxvamde 6-7 saukuneSi. misi
damfuZnebeli aris indoeli princi sidharta gautama. igi aseve cnobilia rogorc Sakiamuni (“brZeni
Sakias tomidan”). es realuri pirovneba cxovrobda CrdiloeT indoeTSi.
sidharThasTan ZiriTadia moZRvreba gardasaxvis, nirvanis da misi miRwevis gzebis
Sesaxeb. pirvelive aswleulebSi budizmi 18 skolad daiyo. I saukunis bolos yalibdeba ori ZiriTadi
skola: hanaiana (“mcire wre”) da mahaiana (“didi wre”). hanaiana gadarCenis individualuri gzaa,
mahaiana - sxvebis samsaxuri. amave dros, mahaiana umaRles arsebaTa ierarqiulobis aRiarebs, roca
hanaiana mxolod gautamas scems Tayvans. budizmi gansakuTrebul ayvavebas aRwevs 3-1
saukuneebSi Cv.welTaRricxvamde, vrceldeba indoeTSi, CineTSi, tibetSi, monRoleTSi, samxreT-
aRmosavleT da centralur, Sua aziasa da cimbirSi. Cveni welTaRricxvis Sua saukuneebSi igi
indoeTidan gandevna aRorZinebulma induizmma (brahmanizmma). amJamad misi mimdevrebis
ricxvi 400 milions aRwevs.
budizmis filosofiac vedebs eyrdnoba. masSi asimilirebulia brahmanizami, daosizmi da
aRmosavleTis sxva religiebi. igi brahmanizmis reformirebis mcdelobaa - sakulto praqtikis
Semcireba, kasturi sistemis dangreva, adamianTa Tanasworobis aRiareba da a.S. budizmi agebulia
“oTx umaRles WeSmaritebaze” - arsebobs tanjva, misi mizezi, ganTavisufleba da misi miRwevis
gza. tanjva moicavs yvela usiamovno emocias, rac survilebis arsebobiTaa ganpirobebuli.
ganTavisuleba, igive nirvana gare samyarosTan pirovnebis urTierTobis gawyvetaa. arsebobs misi
miRwevis “rva gza”: swori 1) azrovneba, 2) metyveleba, 3) moqmedeba, 4) Semecneba, 5)
cxovreba, 6) Sroma, 7) gaxseneba da TviTdisciplina, 8) koncentracia. am gzebis miRwevas
uzrunvelyofs eTikuri normebis da fsiqofizikuri varjiSebis sistema. am ukanasknelSi erTiandeba
induri iogas, Cinuri daosizmis da Zveli magiuri ritualebis elementebi. budizmSi ar vxvdebiT sulis
ucvlelobis, RmerTis, rogorc Semomqmedis da uzenaesi arsebis ideebs. RvTaebrivi Zalis matareblad
SeiZleba iqces nebismieri adamiani, Tu igi gaxda buda.
47
nirvana (“Caqroba”) budizmSi da janaizmSi sulis gansakuTrebuli mdgomareobaa, roca

daZleulia miwieri survilebi da vnebebi, sruli simSvidea arsebobisa da drois gareSe. igi aris tanjvebis
miRma gasvla, sansaraseuli (sansara - pirovnebisa da sulis gardaqmnebis tanjvis momgvreli
usasrulo procesi) gardaqmnebis Sewyveta. nirvanas cneba Cndeba induizmis teqstebSi, magram
gansakuTrebul adgils budizmSi ikavebs. igi cnobierebis umaRles formad miiCneva, sanasaras
sawinaaRmdego, budad qcevis pirobad, rac marto adamians SeuZlia. masze raime gansazRvrulis
Tqma SeuZlebelia, garda imisa, rom es aris Tavisuflebis, simSvidis da netarebis mdgomareoba.
iTvleba, rom mTeli sisruliT es mdgomareoba miiRweva sikvdilis Semdeg, radgan suli Tavisufldeba
sxeulis da gare samyaros gavlenisgan. budizmi Tvlis, rom nirvana SeiZleba sicocxleSic iyos
miRweuli, radgan zemoxsenebuli pirobebis dacviT SeiZleba cocxali adamianis sulic gaTavisufldes
sansarasgan (anu gancdaTa monacvleobisgan da samyaros cvalebadobis gancdisgan).
5.1. Can- da Zen budizmi
CineTSi budizmi Seerwya lao-czis moZRvrebas (daosizms) da Camoyalibda Can-budizmad.

iaponiaSi - CineTidan gadavida da miiRo Zen-budizmis saxe. rogorc erT, ise meore SemTxvevaSi
budizmi, gansakuTrebiT - misi fsiqoteqnika mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs ganicdis. ZenSi satoris
(nirvanas) mdgomareobis Seqmnis ZiriTadi fsiqoteqnikuri instrumentia koani (iaponurad -
gamocana; CinurSi “gunan”-i). werilobiT dadasturebulia 2 000-mde koani. koanSi ismis
paradoqsuli kiTxva, romlis logikuri gadaWra SeuZlebelia. klasikuri magaliTi: “ori xelis Semokvra
aris taSi; ra aris erTi xelis Semokvra?”. mowafis kiTxva: ”ra aris Zeni?”. maswavleblis pasuxi:
“cecxlze dadgmuli mduRare zeTi”. mowafis kiTxva: “arsebobs Tu ara debuleba, romelic arc
WeSmaritia da arc mcdari?”. moZRvaris pasuxi: “TeTr RrubelSi simaxinjis nasaxi araa” da a.S.
Zenis moZRvari yvelgan cdilobs moswavles agrZnobinos kiTxvis absurduloba pasuxis absurdiT.
cnobierebis logikiT es pasuxi gaugebaria. droTa ganmavlobaSi, roca mowafe ukuagdebs logikas, igi
SeiZleba daeuflos koanis gagebas, cnobierebis gasxivosnebis mZafr gancdas analitikuri logikis
gareSe. es gancda aris satori (iaponurad - gaRviZeba, gasxivosneba), romelSic moxsnilia nebismieri
dapirispireba, maT Soris - adamianisa da samyarosi.
***
48
metafizikur fsqologias aseve ganekuTvneba Zveli berZnuli religiuri da filosofiuri traqtatebi,

iudaisturi, qristianuli, musulmanuri da yvela is kultura, sadac fsiqikad gagebulia suli. aristoteles
“perifsiqe” (“sulis Sesaxeb”) aris traqtati, sadac sulis metafizikuri gageba filosofiur formaSia
moqceuli. fsiqologiis istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebSi umeteswilad es da sxva filosofiuri Sromebi
detalurad aris motanili da naklebad aris naCvenebi am paradigmis eTnografiuli da religiuri
aspeqtebi. Cven swored am aspeqtebze gavamaxvileT yuradReba, radgan, jer erTi – vTvliT, rom
filosofiuri versia meoradia religiurTan mimarTebaSi; da meore – filosofiur aspeqts bevrgan
gaecnoba dainteresebuli mkiTxveli, religiuri aspeqtis analizi ufro Zneli sanaxavia. mesame da
umTavresi - Samanur da Soreuli aRmosavleTis sistemebs amJamad daeTmo meti yuradReba,
radgan iq yvelaze mkafiodaa gamokveTili fsiqoTerapiis istoriisTvis mniSvnelovani momentebi
(Tumc Zalze saintereso fsiqotenikuri elementebi gvxvdeba sxvaganac, magaliTad, berZnul da
egviptur misteriebSi, iudaistur kabalaSi, musulmanur sufizmSi da a.S.; maTze msjeloba gadavdoT
momavlisTvis). faqtiurad, fsiqoTerapia fsiqologiuri mecnierebis erTaderTi sferoa, sadac araTu
SenarCunda, aramed Zlierdeba interesi metafizikuri fsiqologiis mimarT, radgan es fsiqologia
moicavs fsiqoteqnikis unikalur arsenals.
49

R.Sayvarelize: Suli, D.N.Uznazem Metafizikuri Fsiqologia Uwoda. Istorikosebi Am Etaps Xsirad Arweren Mxolod

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r.

metafizikuri paradigma fsiqologiasa da fsiqoTerapiaSi

pirvelyofili kulturebidan dawyebuli da Staineris TeosofiiT damTavrebuli sulis gagebas

sicocxlisa da sikvdilis. Sesabamisad, am realobas metafizikurs uwodeben (berZn. meta ta phisika

Tavi I. fsiqoTerapiis elementebi pirvelyofil kulturebSi

$ 1. pirvelyofili kulturis istoriuli aspeqti

kacobriobis istorias mecniereba aRadgens arqeologiuri masaliT, eTnografiuli, kulturis Tu

$ 2. sulis gageba pirvelyofil kulturaSi

1. sulis moazrebis da suliT mkurnalobis istoriuli “asaki”

adamians cxovelisgan yvelaze mkafiod ganasxvavebs is, rom enobrivi komunikaciis

2. animizmisturi paradigma religiaSi

amosunTqvis SesunTqvas. sunTqvasTan sulis dakavSireba bunebrivia, ramdenadac sunTqva

5. sizmari, transi da moCvenebebi

samdRian transSi, “gaagzavnes” sulebi samogzaurod da sulebis dabrunebis Semdeg mouTxres

mosazrebidan, gardacvlilTa sulebs sizmris an moCvenebis saxiT xedavs adamiani, logikurad

7. suli da fizikuri garemo

suli aramarto amqveyniuri fizikuri TavisebebiT xasiaTdeba, aramed urTierTobebiTac.

10. cxovelis suli

11. mcenaris, sagnis da adgilis suli

12. usxeulo sulebi

Cven aqamde ganvixilavdiT miwieri arsebebisa Tu sagnebis gasulierebas, rogorc animizmis

13. “sulis” cnebis fsiqologiuri safuZvlebi pirvelyofil kulturaSi

$ 3. pirvelyofili kulturis fsiqologiuri praqtika - Samanizmi

“Samanizmi... warmoadgens eqstazis erTerT arqaul teqnikas, amasTanave - mistikas, magias

miTologia, romelic, ZiriTadad, asaxulia zepir gadmocemebSi. am miTebis tradiciuli personaJia

cimbirsa da Crdilo-aRmosavleT aziaSi Samanad gaxdomis gzebi aris: 1) profesiis gadacema

simboloebis da sulTa geneologiis swavlebis) saSualebiT xdeba kontrolirebadi. yovelive es

daqucmaceba da aRdgena, samkurnalo codnis miReba) gvxvdeba avamis samoedebis (nencebis),

qristianul Teologiasa da mistikaSi. yovelive es savaraudos xdis, rom mistikuri sinaTlis da

Samanis swavleba mimdinareobs Cveulebriv mdgomareobasa da transSi. transul xilvebSi

TiTqmis yvelgan aRiniSneba, rom Samani maswavleblisgan swavlobs “Samanebis enas”.

7. Samanis adgili tomSi

CrdiloeT amerikaSi sakraluris sxva msaxurebisgan (qurumi, magi, jadoqari) Samani

8. Samanis urTierToba RmerTebTan

Samanis RmerTebTan urTierToba Taviseburia. prezident reigans apaCebis tomis Samanma

9. Samanis sulis mogzauroba

Samanis xilvebisTvis specifikuria, rom misi suli mogzaurobs imqveyniur samyaroSi,

pirovneba warmoadgens Tu “gza” zecisken. amdenad, gansakuTrebul mdgomareobaSi ferebis

10. avadmyofis mkurnaloba

avadmyofis mkurnaloba Samanis ZiriTadi funqciaa Sua da CrdiloeT aziaSi. avadmyofobis

“diagnozs”, romlidanac Semdeg gamomdinareobs mkurnaloba, svams Samani. igi specialuri

vasiuganis tomebSi odnav gansxvavebuli proceduraa. aq Samani damxmare sulebs agzavnis

magram umravles SemTxvevaSi isini ar arian samkurnalo. Tu avadmyofi gamojanmrTelda, Samani

Samanis procedurebi TiTqmis igivea wvimis moyvanis, Rrublebis SeCerebis, mdinareebSi

11. Samanizmi sxvadasxva kulturaSi

sxvadasxva regionebSi Samanizms gansxvavebuli saxe aqvs. es gansxvavebebi

12. Samanizmis paraleluri miTebi, simboloebi da ritualebi

13. Samanizmi da Tanamedroveoba

Samanizmis paradigma Tanamedrove fsiqoTerapiisTvis mniSvnelovania ramodenime

mesame aspeqti dakavSirebulia imasTan, rasac Samanuri praqtika gvaswavlis fsiqologiuri

Tavi 2. Soreuli aRmosavleTis sistemebi

$ 1. Cinuri fsiqoteqnikuri sistemebi

cxovrobdnen, icavdnen celibats, iyvnen vegetarianelebi, ar svamdnen Rvinos. maTi moZRvrebis

3. Cjen cziun (nemsiT Cxvleta-mowva) Terapia

$ 2. induri fsiqoteqnikuri sistemebi

2. vedeuri miTologia da fsiqologiuri koncefcia

induistur miTologiaSi wamyvani motivia magiuri Zala, romelic asketizmiT miiRweva.

tanjulia yvelaferi, rac droSi arsebobs - RmerTidan mweramde. adamians, gansxvavebiT

4. iogas rva safexuri

patanjalis mier gamoyofili I safexuri (iiama) gulisxmobs “fsiqikur ganwmendas” - Tavis

VIII da saboloo safexuri (samadhi) gulisxmobs WeSmaritebis wvdomis sasiamovno

budizmi - religiuri da filosofiuri moZRvrebaa, erTerTi (droSi pirveli) msoflio religiaa

nirvana (“Caqroba”) budizmSi da janaizmSi sulis gansakuTrebuli mdgomareobaa, roca