PHN 1.

T VN

T cy lng thc chng i, cy sn Vit Nam c khi lng xut

khu ng hng th 2 Th gii v tr thnh cy xa i gim ngho cho b
con nng dn.
Nh p dng nhiu ging mi c nng xut cao v c hm lng bt ln
nh ging KM60, KM94, ... Nng xut sn bnh qun c nc t 79,9 t/ha
nm 1999 tng ln 106,4 t/ha nm 2001 v tng thm 20 t cho mi ha
vo nm 2002, nm 2006 nng sut t 162,5 t/ha. Din tch trng sn cng
khng ngng m rng, t 220.000 ha nm 1999 ln 263.900 ha nm 2001 v
n thng 9 nm 2002 c 270.000 ha, din tch nm 2006 l 474.800 ha.
Hin nay, khi lng xut khu sn ca Vit Nam t khong 200.000 tn
nm, ng hng th 2 Th gii, ch sau Thi Lan.
Nhu cu ca Th gii i vi tinh bt sn ngy cng tng, nht l ti cc
th trng Trung Quc, i Loan, Hn Quc v Nht Bn. Bn cnh cc th
trng tiu th sn kh truyn thng l E v M. Trong , sn kh ch yu
lm lng thc (59%) v thc n gia sc (28%). Tinh bt sn nhiu cng
dng hn, ngoi vic lm thc phm trc tip cn l nguyn liu khng th
thiu trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip ln nh lm h in, nh hnh v hon
tt trong cng nghip dt. ng thi tinh bt sn cn dng trong sn xut cn,
bt nm, m chnh,...
Nhn r hiu qu vn do cy sn em li, mt s tnh min ni pha
Bc xy dng nh my ch bin, cng mt s tnh min Trung nh Thanh
Ho, Ngh An, Qung Tr, Tha Thin Hu.
Cc thit b trong dy chuyn sn xut tinh bt sn hin nay ca chng ta
ch yu nhp khu t' Thi Lan, Trung Quc. c bit, hin nay Vit Nam
Vin nghin cn thit k ch to my nng nghip RI AM thit k, ch to
thnh cng dy chuyn thit b sn xut tinh bt sn v ang p dng Ph
Th, Thi Nguyn.

Do , vic nm vng cu to, nguyn tc hot ng, cng nh xc nh

c nguyn nhn gy h hng c bin php khc phc, l rt cn thit vi
mi nh my m bo hot ng sn xut.
V th, di s hng dn ca ThS.V Vn Quc Bo, ti thc hin
ti: Tm hiu cu to, nguyn tc hot ng, cc dng h hng v xut
cc bin php khc phc ca mt s thit b chnh trong dy chuyn sn
xut tinh bt sn ti nh my FOCOCEV Tha Thin H u.

PHN 2. GII THIU V NH MY TINH BT SN

FOCOCEV THA THIN H
2.1. Hon cnh ra i ca nh my
Nh my tinh bt sn FOCOCEV Tha Thin Hu ng ti Km 802,
quc l 1A, x Phong An, huyn Phong in, tnh Tha Thin Hu, din
tch mt bng sn xut 2592m2. c thnh lp theo quyt nh s 520/CTHC ngy 30/04/2004 ca tng gim c cng ty Thc phm v u t
Cng ngh.
My mc thit b ca nh my c trang b hin i, dy chuyn
c nhp t Thi Lan. Cng sut thit k giai on mt ca nh my l 60
tn sn phm tinh bt /ngy. i ng cn b, cng nhn c trnh cao,
trong 30% l trnh i hc, 60% l trnh cao ng-trung cp v
10% l lao ph thng.
Nhng nm u thnh lp, nh my ch trng xy dng v quy
hoch vng nguyn liu trn 7 huyn (Nam ng, Ph Lc, Hng Tr,
Phong in, Hng thu, A Li, Ph Vang) vi din tch hng nghn
hecta. Hin nay, vi vic nng cp cng sut nh my giai on hai vi
cng sut 120 tn tinh bt/ngy, vng nguyn liu ngy cng c m rng
trn cc a bng trong tnh v cc vng ln cn.
Ngoi ra, nh my cng tip nhn mt phn nguyn liu nhp t cc
tnh nh Qung Tr, Qung Bnh...
Vi s ra i ca nh my tinh bt sn FOCOCEV trn a bn tnh
Tha Thin Hu to iu kin thun li v mt kinh t v x hi. Nh
my cng gii quyt vic lm cho mt b phn ngi dn, gp phn vo s
chuyn i c cu cy trng trn nhng vng t kh hn.
2.2. Vng nguyn liu ca nh my
Hin nay, vng nguyn liu ch yu ca nh my l t ngun cung cp
cc huyn trong tnh. c bit, cc huyn c sn lng sn cao nht l Phong
in, Hng Tr, A Li. V ngoi ra, nh my cn nhp nguyn liu t cc
tnh khc nh Qung Tr, Qung Bnh vi s lng khng nhiu.

Bng 1.

Lng sn nhp cho nh my ca cc huyn trong tnh

Nm

n v

2006

2007

2008

Din

Sn

Din

Sn

Din

Sn

tch (ha)

lng

tch (ha)

lng

tch (ha)

lng

(tn)

(tn)

(tn)

Phong in

942,3

12.250

1.130,7

14.700

1.346,2

17.500

Hng Tr

538,5

7.000

646,2

8.400

769,2

10.000

Ph Lc

269,2

3.500

323,1

4.200

384,6

5.000

Nam ng

269,2

3500

323,1

4200

384,6

5000

A Li

538,5

7.000

646,2

8.400

769,2

10.000

134,6

1.750

161,5

2.100

192,3

2.500

2.692
35.000
3.231
42.000
(Ngun thng k ca nh my)

3.846

50.000

Ph vang,
HngThy,
Qung in
Tng cng

Tu ging, iu kin trng trt, t ai, kh hu... m hm lng tinh bt

ca nguyn liu cc vng c s khc nhau.
Bng 2. Hm lng tinh bt ca cc vng nguyn liu trong tnh
STT

N V

HM L NG TINH BT( %)

Ph Lc

25-27

Nam ng

26-30

Hng Thu

24-27

Ph Vang

23-25

Hng Tr

24-28

A Li

25-27

Phong in

25-28
(Ngun thng k ca nh my)

Trong nhng nm qua nh my khng ngng ci tin k thut v cung

cp cc ging sn mi nh KM 95, KM 95-3... c sn lng v hm lng
tinh bt cao tng nng sut nh my. Hiu sut thu hi cao, t l gia
nguyn liu ti v thnh phm l 4:1.
2.3.

C cu t chc nh my
Nh my tinh bt sn FOCOCEV l mt thnh vin ca Tng cng ty

thc phm v u t cng ngh. iu hnh nh my l gim c vi s gip

ca mt ph gim c.
Nh my gm 4 phng:
- Phng tng hp.
- Phng ti chnh- k ton.
- Phng sn xut k thut.
- Phng qun l cht lng - mi trng.
Mi phng c chc nng v nhim v c th, chu s ch o trc tip
ca gim c. Gia cc phng c s tng tc qua li vi nhau m bo
cho qu trnh sn xut c nhanh chng v thun li.
e d dng hnh dung t chc hot ng ca nh my, ti xin trnh by
di dng s sau.

PHN 3. TNG QUAN NGHIN c u

3.1. Tng quan v cy sn
3. /. /. Ngun gc cy sn
Cy sn thuc chi Manihot loi Manihot Esculenta, cn c tn khc:
khoai m, cassava, tapioca, singkong... l cy lng thc n c, thuc h thu
du Euphrbiaceae.
Cy sn c ngun gc t' vng nhit i ca chu M La tinh v c
trng cch y khong 5.000 nm. Trung tm pht sinh cy sn c gi thit
ti vng ng bc Braxin, thuc lu vc sng Amazon, ni c nhiu chng
loi sn trng v hoang di.
Hin nay, sn c trng trn 100 nc vng nhit i v cn nhit
i, tp trung nhiu chu Phi, chu v Nam M.
Cy sn du nhp vo Vit Nam khong gia th k XVIII. sn c canh
tc hu ht cc tnh ca nc ta t Bc n Nam.
3.1.2. M t s ging sn c trng ti Vit Nam
Giong san KM-60: C tn gc l Rayong - 60, c nhp t Thi Lan.
Ging sn ny c thn xanh, tn gn, phn nhnh hp. Thi gian thu
hoch cc tnh pha Nam l 6-9 thng v nng sut 27,5 tn/ha, cc tnh
pha Bc l 9-10 thng v nng sut thp hn khong 35 tn/ha.
Ging sn K M 94: C tn gc l MKUC 28-77-3, c nhp t trung
tm cy c c ca Thi Lan.
Ging c thn cy mu xanh, hi cong, khng phn nhnh. Ngn cy c
mu tm. Nng sut c ti cc tnh pha Nam khong 40,6 tn/ha, cc tnh
pha Bc khong 25-43 tn/ha. Hm lng cht kh l 38,6%. Hm lng tinh
bt kh cao 27,4%.
Ging sn KM 95: Tn gc l OMR 33-17-15.
Ging c thn cy thng, mu xm vng, phn nhnh n cp 3. Nng
sut c ti 40 tn/ha. T l cht kh 36,3%. Hm lng tinh bt 25,5%. Thi
gian thu hoch 5-7 thng.
Giong sn S M 937-26: Ging c nhp t Thi Lan.

Ging c thn cy mu , thng, gn, khng phn nhnh. Nng sut

c ti t 40,5 tn/ha, hm lng tinh bt l 27,1%. Thi gian thu hoch
6-10 thng.
Giong HL-23: Ging c to t' Trung tm nghin cn nng nghip
Hng Lc (ng Nai).
Ging c thn cy cao 2,0-2,4m, khng phn nhnh, tn gn. Thn non
c mu xanh vng, gi c mu trng mc. C thun, mu v ngoi nu nht,
tht c trng. Thi gian thu hoch 7-9 thng, nng sut khong 18-20 tn/ha.
Giong K M 95-3: Tn gc l SM -1157-3. Ging do Trung tm cy c c
vin khoa hc nng nghip Vit Nam chn lc.
Ging c thi gian t' trng n thu hoch l 8-10 thng. Cy cao va
phi, khe, khng phn cnh. Lf loi sn ngt, hm lng tinh bt 22%, nng
sut 25-43 tn/ha.
3.1.3. Cu to gii phn ca c sn
Sn l loi c c li (tim c) ni t thn cy chy dc theo c n ui
c. Cu to: V g, v ci, tht sn v li sn.

Hnh 1: C sn
- V g:
Chim 0,5 - 3% khi lng c. Gm cc t bo cu to t cellulose v
hemicellulose, hu nh khng c tinh bt.
V g l lp ngoi cng, sn si, mu nu thm, cha cc sn t c
trng. C tc dng gi cho c rt bn, khng b tc ng c hc bn ngoi. So
vi cc loi c khc th v c sn thuc loi d phn bit v d tch nht.

- v ci:
Dy hn v g, chim khong 8 - 20% trng lng c. Gm cc t bo
c cu to bi cellulose v tinh bt (5 - 8%).
Gia cc lp v l mng li ng dn nha c, trong m c nhiu tanin,
enzyme v sc t.
- Tht san:
L thnh phn chim ch yu ca c sn, bao gm cc t bo c cu to
t cellulose v pentozan, bn trong l cc ht tinh bt v nguyn sinh cht.
Hm lng tinh bt trong rut sn khng u. Kch thc ht tinh bt sn
khong 15 - 80 m. sn cng gi cng c nhiu x.
- Li sn:
Thng nm trung tm dc theo thn c. Li chim t 0,3 - 1% khi
lng c. Thnh phn cu to chnh l cellulose v hemicellulose.
3.1.4. Thnh phn ho hc ca c sn
Thnh phn ho hc

Hm lng %

Nc

70,25

Tinh bt

21,45

ng

5,14

Protein

1,12

Lipit

0,40

Cellulose

1,10

Tro

0,54

3.2. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th sn trn Th gii

Nm 2006 ton Th gii c 100 nc trng san (FAO 2008) vi tng din
tch 18,61 triu ha, nng sut 12,16 tn/ha, sn lng 226,33 triu tn. sn
c trng nhiu nht ti Chu Phi 11,82 triu ha (57% din tch ton cu), k
n l chu 3,78 triu ha (25%), v chu M La Tinh 2,7 triu ha (18%).
Nc c sn lng sn nhiu nht Th gii l Nigieria (45,72 triu tn), k n
l Indonesia (19,92 triu tn) v Thi Lan (22,58 triu tn). Nc c nng sut
sn cao nht hin nay l n (31,43 tn/ha), Thi Lan (21,09 tn/ha), so vi
nng sut sn bnh qun ca Th gii l 12,16 tan/ha (FAO 2008).
Mc tiu th sn bnh qun ton Th gii khong 18 kg/ngi/nm. Sn
lng sn ca Th gii c tiu dng trong nc khong 85% (lng thc 58%,
thc n gia sc 28%, ch bin cng nghip 3%, hao ht 11%), cn li 15% (gn
30 triu tn) c xut khu di dng sn lt kh, sn vin v tinh bt.
Bun bn sn trn Th gii nm 2006 c t 6,9 triu tn sn phm,
tng 11% so vi nm 2005 (6,2 triu tn). Trong , tinh bt sn v bt sn
chim khong 3,5 triu tn, sn lt v sn vin 3,4 triu tn.
Trung Quc hin l nc nhp khu sn nhiu nht Th gii lm cn
sinh hc, tinh bt bin tnh, thc n gia sc v dng trong cng nghip thc
phm dc liu. Nm 2006 Trung Quc nhp khu 1,15 triu tn tinh bt, bt
sn v 3,40 triu tn sn lt v sn vin.
Thi Lan l nc sut khu sn ln nht Th gii, chim kong 85%
lng sut khu ton cu, k n l Indonesia v Vit Nam. Th trng xut
khu ch yu ca Thi Lan l Trung Quc, i Loan, Nht Bn v cng ng
chu u vi t trng xut khu sn khong 40% bt v tinh bt sn, 25% l
sn lt v sn vin (TTTA 2006, FAO 2007 ).
Vin Nghin cu Chnh sch lng thc Th gii (IFRRI) tnh ton v
d bo tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th sn ton cu vi tm nhn n nm 2020,
th sn lng sn ton cu c t 275,10 triu tn, trong ch yu sn xut
cc nc ang pht trin l 274,7 triu tn, cc nc pht trin 0,04 triu
tn. Mc tiu th sn cc nc ang pht trin d bo t 254,60 triu tn so
vi cc nc pht trin 20,5 triu tn. V chu Phi c d bo vn l khu
vc dn u sn lng sn ton cu, nm 2020 s t 168,6 triu tn.

10

3.3. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th sn trong nc

Nhng nm gn y, Vit Nam ng th 10 trn Th gii v sn
lng sn (7,71 triu tn), l nc xut khu tinh bt sn ng th 2 trn
Th gii sau Thi Lan. iu ny chng t cy sn ang chuyn i nhanh
chng t vai tr l cy lng thc truyn thng sang cy cng nghip. S
hi nhp ang m rng th trng sn, to nn nhng c hi ch bin tinh
bt, tinh bt bin tnh, sn xut sn lt, sn vin xut khu, gp phn
vo s pht trin ca t nc.
Trong nhng nm qua, cng vi s pht tri en ca cng ngh sn xut tinh
bt th cy sn c trng ngy cng nhiu, c bit l cc tnh ng Nam
B, Duyn Hi Nam Trung B, Bc Trung B... lm nguyn liu cho cc nh
my ch bin, thc n gia sc ...
Bng 3. Din tch, nng sut v sn lng ca Vit Nam.(2000 - 2006)

Nm

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Din tch (1000 ha)

235

250

337

372

384

426

475

Nng sut (Tn/ha)

8,6

8,3

13,2

14,3

14,5

15,8

16,2

Sn lng (Triu tn)

2,0

2,0

4,4

5,3

5,6

6,7

7,7

(Ngun FAO 2007)

Tinh bt sn Vit Nam tr thnh mt trong by mt hng xut khu
mi c trin vng, c Chnh ph v cc a phng quan tm pht trin. C
nc hin c 60 nh my ch bin tinh bt sn i vo hot ng vi tng
cng sut ch bin 3,8 triu tn sn c ti/ nm v nhiu c s ch bin sn
th cng ri rc hu ht cc tnh trng sn. Vit Nam hin sn xut mi nm
khong 800.000 - 1.200.000 tn tinh bt sn, trong trn 70% xut khu v
gn 30% tiu th trong nc. Sn phm xut khu ca Vit Nam ch yu l
tinh bt, sn lt v bt sn. Th trng chnh l Trung Quc, i Loan, Nht
Bn, Singapo, Hn Quc.

11

Tm nhn n nm 2020, din tch sn ca Vit Nam d kin n nh

khong 450 nghn ha, nhng s tng nng sut v sn lng sn bng cch
chn to v pht trin cc ging sn tt c nng sut c ti v hm lng
tinh bt cao.
3.4. Mt s phong php ch bin sn
3.4.1. Ch bin sn kh
Nguyn liu

Ra

Bc v

Ct thnh ming

Phi kh

Sn sau khi lm sch c ct thnh cc lt mng. Sau tin hnh phi

kh. Phn ln cc trng hp ngi ta s dng nng lng mt tri lm
kh sn. Cc lt sn c ri u trn sn ximng hoc sn gch phi. Qu
trnh phi kh lt sn c tin hnh trong 2-4 ngy, tu theo kch thc lt
sn, b dy lp phi, cng nng... Dng cc dng nng lng sy kh
lt sn thng t c p dng bi v trong lt sn hm lng nc rt cao,
nu dng nng lng sy s rt tn km.
Sn lt thng c phi kh cho n khi t m di 14% th c th
em bo qun.

12

3.4.2. Ch bin sn ht
Sn kh

Lm sch

Nghin

p to ht

Lm ngui

ng bao
Sn sau khi phi kh s c tch cc cht ln tp nh t ct ra khi
cc lt sn. Cc lt sn c kch thc ln c a vo my nghin cho nh
li. Tu thuc vo hm lng nc trong sn, ngi ta tin hnh phun nc
a khi sn vo bo qun hm lng nc 14%.
Ngi ta tin hnh to ht bng cch p cc khi sn trong cc r st v
c l ng knh khong 8-1 Omm. Trong qu trnh p lm nhit trong khi
sn tng ln v c th t 82c v gy ra gen ho tng phn tinh bt. iu ny
cho php cc ht kt dnh tt. Sau cho cc ht sn i qua ng kh thng
ng hoc nm ngang v c thi gi qua lm ngui ng bao.

13

PHN 4. NI DUNG CHNH

4.1. Quy trnh ch bin tnh bt sn t c sn
Nguyn liu

Tip nhn

Cn

Kim tra bt

Phu np liu

Bc v
Tp
cht

Nc
Ra

Cht
Mi

Sa long

Trch ly th
Nc
Trch lv tinh
2 4 Be

14

Phn ly 1&2
10-12Be
Nc
sch
Phn ly 3
18-20Be

Ly tm
32-35%

Sy

210 -220c

Lm ngui

ng bao

* S hnh v quy trnh cng ngh

15

Nc
thai

4.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh sn xut

Quy trnh sn xut bao gm cc cng on chnh sau:
- Np liu - mi.
- Trch ly.
- Phn ly.
- Ly tm tch nc.
- Sy.
- ng bao.
4.2. /. Np liu - Mi
Nguyn liu sau khi thu hoch s c thu mua v nh my. u tin, xe
qua b phn cn xc nh khi lng trc khi vo bi tp trung nguyn
liu. Sau khi nhp nguyn liu, ngi ta tin hnh cn xe ln hai xc nh
khi lng thc ca nguyn liu. Sau , phng KCS ly mu nguyn liu
xc nh hm lng tinh bt, ng thi xc nh hm lng tp cht nh t,
... v t l sn b h hng. Ti bi xe xc lt a sn vo phu np liu, vi
mi ln xc khong 4,5m3.
Thi gian bo qun sn nguyn liu ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t,
trong yu t thi tit l rt quan trng. Trng hp thi tit kh ro, mt
m sn c th bo qun khong 7-10 ngy. Neu thi tit khng thun li sn
c th h hng rt nhanh. V vy theo nguyn tc nguyn liu nhp trc a
vo sn xut trc. Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp, lng sn nhp v
qu nhiu, khng kp a vo sn xut, cn phi iu tit, c th trn nguyn
liu mi v c m bo cc ch tiu cng ngh ca sn phm.
T phu np liu, sn c xung bng ti 1 theo nguyn tc t chy
v a ln lng bc v. e khc phc hin tng b nghn sn, ti phu cp
liu c b tr ba rung. Trn ng i ca bng ti 1 c cng nhn nht ,
tp cht v cht cc gc sn cn st khi thu hoch.
lng bc v di tc dng ca lc ma st gia nguyn liu vi nguyn
liu, nguyn liu vi thnh thit b, ng thi c nc t my phn ly phun
vo tng cng kh nng lm sch th v la c tch ra khong 40-45%.
Trong qu trnh nguyn liu b xo trn v di chuyn lin tc trong lng bc
v th cc tp cht khc nh t, , c t... bm trn c sn cng c tch ra.

16

Ra khi lng, sn c x xung b ra nc tip tc tch v. Cn nc v

tp cht theo mng chy ra ngoi n lng tch v.
Be ra nc c chia lm 4 ngn, ngn s 1 v 3 cha nc, ngn s 2,
ngn s 4 kh. Nc ra cng c ly t nc thi ca my phn ly. Ti y
di tc dng ca cnh khuy lm cho sn b o trn, tng ma st gia sn
vi sn, sn vi cnh khuy v thn thit b. Nn v g tip tc b tch ra.
Cui cng on ra c phun nc sch ra trc khi vo my cht. Tp
cht theo ng dn ra ngoi h thng s l nc thi.
Sau , sn c bng ti 2 a ln my bm. Trn ng i c b tr
cng nhn lm sch mt ln na, nhm loi b cc tp cht nh kim loi,
st li to iu kin cho my bm v my mi hot ng tt. sn c vo
hng ca my bm, ti y sn c bm nh vi kch thc khong l-2cm
bi h thng cc dao ng v dao tnh. Bm xong, sn c a xung thng
phn phi. Thng ny c nhim v u tit lng sn xung my mi, thng
qua cc cnh gt v vt nh lng c u chnh bng b bin tn. Khi vo
my mi, cc li dao hnh rng ca gn trn mt rto v c b sung thm
dch sa t' my trch ly th c tc dng bo lm mn sn, gip cho tinh bt
trong sn thot ra trit .
4.2.2. Trch ly
Hn hp sau khi mi s c bm ht qua b phn trch ly th gm 6
my trch ly chia lm 3 cm. Ban u, hn hp s c a vo my trch ly
1 v 2, vi kch thc l li 125 L im . My trch ly hot ng theo nguyn tc
ly tm. Dch sa di tc dng ca lc ly tm, phn dch c kch thc nh
hn l li s lt qua li theo ng ng xung cc thng cha sa. Dch
sa ca my trch ly 1 c cha thng sa 3, ca my trch ly 2 cha
thng sa 1. Phn b c kch thc ln nm trn li v thot ra ngoi theo
mng xung thng cha b 1. Phn b ny c hm lng tinh bt tng i
ln, li lm dch sa bm ln cho my trch ly 3 v 4 c kch thc l li
400/Lim. Vi nguyn tc trch ly nh trn dch sa ca 2 my s c cha
thng sa 2. B s c cha thng cha b 2, ri cp cho trch ly 5 v 6 c
kch thc l li 800 m. Phn dch sa ca trch ly 5 v 6 cha thng
sa 2, cn b a ra ngoi.

17

Dch sa thng 2 c bm cp cho my mi v mt phn cho cc

my trch ly tinh 7, 8. Dch sa thng sa 1 c bm qua my trch ly tinh.
Trc ht, dch sa s qua my trch ly tinh 7 v 8 vi kch thc l li
100 //m . Phn dch sa nh lt qua li ca my trch ly 7 c cha thng
sa 3, dch sa lt qua li ca my 8 s cha thng sa 4. Phn b khng
lt li ca my 7 v 8 s a v thng cha b 1 lm dch sa cho my trch
ly 3, 4. Dch sa thng sa 3 nh bm a vo my trch ly tinh 9 v 10 c
kch thc l li 7 5 /Lim. Dch sa ca my trch ly 9 v 10 c nng
Bolme t 2 - 4 c cha thng sa 4. Cn phn b khng lt qua li s
tr v thng sa 1. Sa thng 4 c my bm a n my phn ly thc
hin tch cc cht cn st li.
Tc quay ca my trch ly th l 1200 vng/pht, 980 vng/pht i
vi my trch ly tinh.
Nh vy qu trnh trch ly l nhm loi b hu ht cc tp cht c kch
thc ln, thu c dch sa bt c Bolme t 2 - 4. Tuy nhin, cc cht c
kch thc bng v nh hn tinh bt nh dch bo, protein vn cha c loi
ra, do m tinh khit ca tinh bt giai on ny vn cn thp. Qu trnh
trch ly t hiu qu cao bao nhiu cng to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh
phn ly c tt by nhiu.
4.2.3. Phn ly
Mc ch ca qu trnh phn ly l tch cc thnh phn nh protein, dch
bo, x... khng th tch qu trnh trch ly, nng cao tinh khit ca bt
sn. u tin dch sa thng 4 c bm cp vo my phn ly 1 v 2.
Trc khi vo my phn ly 1 v 2 th dch sa c i qua h thng lng bng
cyclone tch cc tp cht nh ct, si... Ri tip tc qua bnh lc loi b
cc thnh phn x cn st trong qu trnh trch ly. Khi dch sa vo my phn
ly, di tc quay rt ln ca h thng a vo khong 4.500 - 5.000
vng/pht. Th do s chnh lch v khi lng, cc ht tinh bt c khi lng
ln hn nhn lc ly tm vng ra thnh my v theo cc pt phun ra ngoi. Cc
thnh phn c khi lng nh nh dch bo, protein di chuyn vo trong trc
theo ng ng i ra ngoi.

18

e to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh phn ly, ngi ta c b sung

thm nc v ng thi gip cho my c mt trong trng hp ht sa cp
vo my. Nng dch sa ca qu trnh phn ly my 1 v 2 t khong
10 -12 Bolme. Sn phm ny c cha thng sa 5 a qua my phn
ly 3. Cng vi nguyn tc hot ng nh trn, dch sa sau khi qua my phn
ly 3 s c cha thng 6, c nng khong 18-20 Bolme. Thnh phn
ch yu ca dch sa cui ny l tinh bt, nc v mt phn rt nh l dch
bo, protein cn st li.
Hiu qu ca qu trnh phn ly th hin cc ch tiu nh: trng, s,
st bt qua nc thi.
4.2.4. Ly tm tch nuc
Sn phm ca qu trnh phn ly l sa bt c nng t 18-20 Bolme,
c bm cp cho h thng my ly tm nhm tch mt phn nc t do, hn
ch nng lng cho qu trnh sy.
Do nng dch sa c lng tinh bt ln nn rt d lng. Do , bm
cp sa cho my ly tm phi hot ng lin tc trnh hin tng sa lng
bt gy tt ng ng. H thng ng dn dch sa ca bm l h thng ng
tun hon.
Sa cp vo my ly tm qua vi phun. Dch sa vo my s c tch
nc qua hai giai on. Giai on u, khi lp tinh bt cn mng di tc
dng ca lc ly tm, nc s vang ra thot qua li lc, cn bt c gi
li trn vi. Giai on hai, khi m lp tinh bt trn li dy, nc khng
th xuyn qua c. Lc ny nc s dng ln trn mt tinh bt v trn ra
ngoi. Nc c tch ra c Bolme thp s cha thng 7 v c bm v
thng sa 4 v 5. m ca bt sau khi tch nc khong 32-35%. Qu
trnh tch nc cng tt, m cng thp th qu trnh sy cng nhanh v
tit kim nng lng.
4.2.5. Sy
Bt sau khi co my ly tm c m 32-35% c bng ti chuyn
n thng phn phi bt m. Thng ny c nhim v cha v phn phi nh
lng bt m cho qu trnh sy. Mc d c tch mt lng nc kh ln
nhng bt vn c m ln. Neu trng thi tnh s rt d vn cc. V th

19

chng hin tng trn, thng phn phi c lp mt vt nh ti bt hot

ng lin tc. V mt vt nh lng: Xc nh lng bt a vo sy. Vt
c iu chnh bng thit b bin tn. Sau khi c vt nh lng cp vo,
vt phn tn bt s nh ti bt thnh cc ht nh, gip cho qu trnh sy kh
din ra hiu qu v trnh s vn cc cc ht bt. Khng kh c qut ht qua
my lc khng kh, khng kh sch qua h thng gia nhit caloriphe, ti y
khng kh ly nhit ca du truyn nhit. Du ny c t nng bng than
, nhit ca du khong 260c, qua h thng caloriphe nng t' nhit
khng kh t nhit mi trng ln khong t 210-220 c.
Lc ny khng kh nng trn ng i cun theo lng bt m c
nh nh. Ti y din ra qu trnh trao i nhit, cc phn t nc c trong
bt m s thu nhit ri bc hi, lng nc cn li trong bt ch cn l nc
lin kt. Qu trnh trao i nhit din ra sut chiu cao ca thp sy. Bt cng
i ln cng kh v c lm ngui.
Bt sau khi sy i vo 2 cyclone mc song song. Di tc dng ca
lc ly tm, cc phn t bt nng s lng trn thnh ri ri xung y nn
ca cyclone. Phn khng kh sau khi sy bao gm mt s cu t nh nh
x, bt mn vi khi lng khng ng k v hi nc i qua ng tm
cyclone ra ngoi.
Bt sau khi sy c m khong 12-13%. Trn ng ng qua b phn
ng bao c cng nhn kim tra m bt bng cm quan. Ngi cng nhn
cho tay vo ng kim tra m ca bt. Bng kinh nghim v gic quan
cm nhn nhit v lng bt ti xung. Neu lng bt xung nhiu v
m ln, cng nhn s iu chnh gim tc quay ca vt nh lng cp bt
vo my sy bng b bin tn v ngc li.
4.2.6. ng bao
Bt sau khi sy c qut ngui ht qua h thng cyclone gm 3 chic,
mc thnh 2 bc.
Bc 1, gm 2 ci mc song song c tc dng nh nhau. Cc phn t bt
nng hn di tc dng ca lc ly tm i theo hnh xon c ri xung y.
Ri c 2 kho kh ti xung my ry. Ti y my ry s loi b cc ht
th, cc ht khng ng kch thc a ra ngoi.

20

Bc 2, gm 1 ci mc ni tip vi u ra ca cyclone 2 bc 1. Cc
phn t bt nh, ch yu l dch bo, x theo ng tm ca cyclone bc 1 qua
cyclone bc 2. y, chng c tch mt ln na. Sau c kho kh
ti xung ng bao. Phn bt ny c gi tr tinh bt thp, khong t 60 - 65%
hm lng tinh bt.
Bt sau khi qua my ry bc 1 ri xung thng cha. Di thng c
lp vt phn phi cung cp cho cc my ng bao khc nhau. C hai my
ng bao. My ng bao t ng vi khi lng mi bao l 50Kg. V my
ng bao th cng vi khi lng mi bao l lOOKg.
4.3.

Mt s thit b chnh trong quy trnh sn xut

4.3.1. Lng bc v
*

Cu to

Nguyn
liu vo

Hnh 2: c u to ca lng bc v

21

1. Mt 2. Lng bc v 3. v my 4. Thanh thp 5. Cnh xon

6. Bnh ch ng 7. Be cht thi
Thn: Hnh tr, hai u c lm bng thp tm, phn cng tc gia
lm bng thp trn, d = 12mm, xon t u n cui vi khe h gia cc
thanh l 12mm. Khe h ny c tc dng t, ct ri xung v tng ma st
khi xo trn. Neu hiu qu bc khng cao, c th hn tng thm cc thanh
bng st rn tng ma st.
Cnh dan hng: Hai cnh xon c chy bn trong t u n cui lng,
c tc dng dn hng a nguyn liu di chuyn t u n cui lng.
Bc xon c tnh ton thi gian lu c sn trong lng khng qu lu
gy nn qu ti, cng khng lu c sn qu nhanh cha kp bc. Cn c
tc quay ca lng, kch thc lng tnh chn bc xon.
Ton b lng c t trn 4 con ln l 4 bnh cao su c kch thc
ging nhau. Nhng bnh cao su ny gi cn bng v kh nhng rung ng
khi quay. khng cho lng trt dc, dng hai bnh cao su chn lp trn
khung ta vo gn ca lng hm 2 hng ti v lui.
Trong 4 con ln, ch c 2 bnh cao su u l c tc dng truyn
ng quay cho lng. Khi bnh cao su ch ng quay, truyn chuyn
ng quay cho lng.
Khi 2 bnh cao su truyn ng ng thi, yu cu vn tc truyn phi
ng b, nu vn tc truyn khng ng b, 2 bnh cao su s km hm ln
nhau, s to nn trt bnh cao su no c lc ma st b mt nh hn. e
gii quyt vn ny, ngi ta ch to b truyn ng vi yu cu:
C 2 bnh cao su nhn lc t 2 ng c mt nhng c s cng sut
ging nhau, m bo khng c s lch vn tc.
Bnh cao su, bnh rng, xch dn ng v 2 pha ch to ging nhau,
m bo sai s vn tc do 2 bn phi ging nhau.
Cc iu kin v ma st, mi mn ca 2 pha phi nh nhau m bo
sai s to ra theo thi gian phi u cho 2 pha.

22

Ngoi ra, trong lng c b tr ng nc phun vo tng cng kh

nng bc v, ng thi c tc dng ra mt phn cc tp cht bm trn
nguyn liu.

* Nguyn tc hot ng
Lng c dn ng bi 2 mt, mi mt 4kW, qua h thng truyn
ng trc v khp ni, s to nn s xo trn trong lng, s xo trn ny s
to nn s mi xt v va p gia c - c, c - lng lm cho t, ct v v la
t c c trc ra v theo khe h ca lng ri xung mng hng bn di.
C b sung thm nc, s tng cng lm sch s b cho c, tng hiu
qu bc v, tt c t, ct v v la u theo khe h ca lng ri xung mng
hng, theo nc n lng tch rc v i n h thng x l nc thi. Trong
qu trnh mi xt v va p mt phn v c tch ra khong 40-45%,
phn v cn li s c s c tch ra cng on sau.
* S c v cch khc phc
- Lng bc v khng quay c do lng nguyn vo qu nhiu, do
mt khng quay c.
Khc phc bng cch iu chnh li lng nguyn liu vo, kim tra li
mt v cc bi trc.
- V la gi li trong my nhiu, nc ra khng , lng b rc qu
nhiu lm cn tr qu trnh bc v.
Khc phc bng cch kim tra van nc v nu rc qu nhiu th tin
hnh dng my lm v sinh hoc gia c thm cc thanh pha trong
tng cng kh nng bc v.
- Lng khng quay hay b rung, do cc c cu gi b mn: bi, bnh
cao su.
Khc phc bng cch kim tra li h thng cc bnh cao su, nu b hng
hoc b mn th phi thay th.
- Gy trc dn ng do khng ng tm gia cc khp ni.
Khc phc bng cch iu chnh li v tr khp ni v hn li trc.

23

- Gy cnh xon dn hng do qu ti, lu ngy b mn, cc vt b r...

Khc phc: iu chnh lng nguyn liu vo, gia cng li: hn, bt vt

4.3.2. B ra nc
* Cu to

Hnh 3 : cu to ca b ra
1. M t 2. V my 3. Cnh cho 4. Trc my 5. bi
B ra c chia lm 4 ngn ring bit, gm 2 ngn t v 2 ngn kh.
Cu to ca cc ngn ging nhau.
Mi ngn gm na hnh tr ngn cch b phn cng tc pha trn v
khoang cha pha di. Ton b my c ch to bng thp khng g v t
trn khung thp. Thn tr c x rnh thot nc bn v cht rn nh.
y hm nghing ra bn ngoi thng vi ca x c th iu chnh c. Ca
x c iu chnh bng trc vt me, tay quay.
Cnh cho: c lm bng thp khng g, dp tit din c hnh van.
Cnh c lp trn trc thp cng hnh vung, 2 cnh cho st nhau c t
lch nhau 45 theo phng ng khi quay, cc cnh cho y sn i t u
my n cui my. Ti ca ra ca mi ngn, cnh cho khng dp van m
hn vi tm gt hng theo chiu ra ca sn.
Trc my c dn ng bi 4 mt, cng sut mi my l 5,5kW. Mi
trc c dn ng bi 1 m t.
* Nguyn tc hot ng

24

Mt truyn ng lm cho trc quay, cc cnh cho b tr theo dng

cnh xon c tc dng va vn chuyn c sn t u n cui my, va c tc
dng xo trn bc v v ra c. Ma st to trong qu trnh di chuyn gia
c sn - c sn, c sn - mi cho v c sn - thn my s lm sch c sn.
e tng kh nng tch v, cc ngn t ngi ta cp thm nc. Nc
ra cho qu trnh ny chnh l nc thi t' h thng phn ly, nc ny mang
theo dch bo v bt st. Do ngn cui, c b tr nc sch ra khng
cho dch bo c tch khng i vo li dy chuyn, lm gim hiu qu
cng ngh.
V, t ct mn, lt xung hm my, theo nc ra ngoi.
Cng on ny yu cu c sn phi c bc sch hu ht v g, t ct
v cc tp cht th nh. Hiu sut bc v cui cng on t khong 95-98%.
* S c v cch khc phc
- Cc mi cho b gy do lng nguyn liu vo qu nhiu hoc do b tp
cht nng vo nh to hoc kim loi ln, do b mi mn.
Khc phc bng cch ngng chy kim tra v thay th hoc gia cng.
- Nc ra khng thot ra c do cc khe b tp cht lm kn v nc
thot ra kh khn.
Khc phc bng cch ngng my lm v sinh.
- Trc b rung do cc b mn.
Khc phc: Thay cc 0 .
4.3.3. My cht
* Cu to
Gm c 2 phn
Thn trn: C tit din hnh ch nht, c tc dng l mt ng dn
nh hng cho c sn t bng ti, hng dng nguyn liu xung phn cng
tc pha di v ngn nhng mu sn bn ra ngoi trong lc cht. Pha di
tip vi u thn di bng bn l, c th m thn trn theo chiu quay bn l
l ra thn di v b phn cng tc v sinh, sa cha.
Thn di: L mt khung cc bi v ton b trng lng ca my.
B phn cng tc: Bao gm dao tnh v dao ng c t xen k
nhau, lm bng thp chu ko cao, cnh ca cc li dao c m bng

25

Crm - coban tng cng kh nng chu mi mn. Dao tnh c lm t

thanh thp tm thng, dy lOmm, t cch nhau 30mm, hai u c hn
tng

vo

khung.

Hnh 4 : cu to my cht
. Thn trn 2. Trc my 3. Thng phn phi 4. Cnh gt phn phoi
5. Vt nh lng 6. Mt cnh gt 7. Hng my bm
Dao ng c hn trc tip vo trc, dao c hnh hoa 3 cnh i xng,
ng knh 500mm, chiu di dao 750mm, cc li dao ng c t hp
theo hng xon.
Dao ng c dn ng bi mt 22kW v qua h thng puly v dy
ai, tc ca dao ng khong 400 vng/pht.

26

Hnh 5 : cu to thn di my bm
. V my 2. Trc my 3. Dao ng 4. Dao tnh 5. Pully
* Nguyn tc hot ng
C sn sau khi c lm sch, cp vo my cht bng bng ti. Lc ny
dao tnh ng vai tr nh l tm k, dao ng quay bm nh c sn thnh
nhng mu nh khong 1-2cm, cc mu sn nh ri xung thng phn phi.
Dao cht c tc dng lm gim kch thc mu sn, gim ti cho my mi.
* S c v cch khc phc
- Dao mn, cng vnh hoc gy do b kim loi, cng vo.
Khc phc bng cch dng my kim tra, nu b gy hay cng vnh
tin hnh hn li v gia cng li.
- bi b mn v hng, khc phc bng cch bi trn thm du hoc thay
th.
- Dao khng quay c do qu ti, lng sn vo qu nhiu. Khc phc
bng cch dng my, m thn trn ly bt sn ra v dy chuyn hot ng
lin tc, n nh ngi ta lp h thng cnh bo qu ti t vn hnh gip
cng nhn nhn bit iu chnh lng sn vo my bm.
4.3.4. M y mi
* Cu to
4

Nguyn
liu

Hnh 6 : cu to my mi

27

I. e my 2. R to 3. v my 4. M t
5. Hp che dy ai 6. Trc my 7. Khe lap dao 8. Tam k 9. Tm sng
Ton b v bc v khung c lm bng thp khng g AISI 304. Rto
c lm t mt khi Inox ng nht qua ti luyn, ng knh 810mm,
chiu rng 400mm. Rto c to 100 rnh cn lp dao. Li dao mi c
rng 2 pha, c ti luyn chng mn, c lp vo rto trong khe hp v
c kp cht gia 2 thanh c cht gi. Sau khi mt pha b mn s tr li s
dng pha kia. 0 di rto c lp mt chic ry bng thp khng g, khng
cho phn th lt xung, v my c cc np y d dng tho - lp. Rto
c dn ng bi mt 150HP qua h thng dy ai.

Hnh 7 : cu to dao v thanh dao

Tm k: C tc dng gi cho nguyn liu nm trn b mt cng tc
c th mi. e tng kh nng mi, trn b mt tm k c cc rnh ngang tng
ma st.
Tc quay ca r to: 2100 vng/pht. C th o chiu quay ca rto
thng qua mch khi ng t kp tng tui th ca dao mi.
* Nguyn tc hot ng
Sn sau khi c cht nh nhm gim ti cho mi th c cc cnh gt
ca thng phn phi a xung cc hng ca vt ti nh lng. Lng
nguyn liu xung my nhiu hay t tu thuc vo tc ca vt ti. Tc
ca vt ti c iu chnh bng b bin tn. Pha trn hng my c b tr vi
nc vo, nc ny chnh l dch sa ca my trch ly 3, 4, 5, 6. Khi rto
quay th lm cho cc li ca gn trn trc quay, sn s b ch st gia dao v
tm k. Khi sn c bo ra th nh nc ra tri tinh bt thnh mt hn hp.
Nhng mu sn c kch thc nh hn khong cch gia rto v tm k th

28

lt xung pha di v nh' sng cong bn di gi li v b bo mn tip.

Khi no nh hn sng cong th xung mng qua trch ly.
* S c v cch khc phc
- Dao b mn, gy do hoc kim loi lt vo. Khc phc bng cch tr
li b mt ca dao hoc thay dao mi.
- Thanh np b vng ra khi rnh do rnh b mn hoc cht gia hai
thanh np b gy. Khc phc bng cch ngng my ly ra thay th thanh
np khc hoc hn nh v li c h t.
- Trc v cc 0 bi b mn do hot ng lu ngy v thiu du bi trn.
Khc phc bng cch bi trn thng xuyn cc bi nu b hng th phi
thay th.
- Sng lc cong b thng hoc b h. Do khi np vng lm thng, kim
loi vo do qu trnh lm sch khng trit hoc do hot ng lu ngy lm
cho li lc b h ra khi thnh. Khc phc bng cch hn li nhng l thng
v kim tra v tr ca li lc.
4.3.5. My trch ly

Hnh 8 : cu to my trch ly
1. ng cp dch sa 2. Thn my 3. ng cp nc 4. M t

29

5. Hp che dy ai 6. Trc my 7. ng thot dch sa

8. ng thot b 9. e my 10. Van u chnh
Thit b gm thn c nh 2, bn trong l lng ly tm. Lng c cu to
hnh nn c th tch b ra theo ca trn 8. ng cp nc 3 c tc dng lm
long nguyn liu tng kh nng tch tinh bt trong b v lm v sinh my
khi cn thit. a phn phi c gn vo u mt chp nn khc, trn c
gn h thng pt phun. Cc pt ny nghin mt gc 45 so vi ng sinh ca
r, c tc dng ra v b sung thm nc trong qu trnh tch. Cn a phn
phi c tc dng cung cp nguyn liu mt cch ng u trn lng ly tm.
Ngoi ra cn c np y, c cu kp np, bch ng c, bnh ai.
Tt c cc b phn u c lm bng thp khng g, lng ly tm nm
ngang, hnh nn, c ng knh 850mm, tc quay 1200 vng/pht i vi
my trch ly th v 980 vng/pht i vi trch ly tinh. Cc my c dn
ng bi mt 22kW qua h thng truyn ng puly, dy ai.

\ L thot
dch sa
Hnh 9 : cu to ca lng ly tm
Li: c nh trn r ly tm, tu tng v tr ca my b tr kch c
li thch hp nh trn. Li lm bng vt liu Inocx, c th dt hoc dp.
* Nguyn tc hot ng
Dch sa bao gm: Nc, tinh bt t do, x, dch bo... c bm cp
vo hng chnh, sau u phn phi s phun u ln r li. Dch sa trt
trn r li t trong ra ngoi theo hnh xon c. Trong qu trnh di chuyn

30

nhng phn t c kch c nh hn l li s lt qua v theo ng ng xung

thng cha sa. Phn b c kch thc ln khng lt qua li s trc trn b
mt li ri xung ca tho b ra ngoi. e tng hiu qu ca qu trnh trch
ly, ngi ta b tr nc hay dch sa long phun qua h thng pt, lm cho
dch sa long ra, trch ly s d hn.
* S c v cnh khc phc.
- Cc l pt b trt do s, hn ch lng sa cp cho my. Khc phc:
Dng thanh nh lm thng l.
- Li ca gi quay b rch lm cho bt thnh phm c x cao. Khc
phc bng cch dng my thay li khc hoc nu b rch t th dng my
hn trc tip.
- Cc bi b mn do s dng lu ngy hoc trc my rung ng trong
qu trnh hot ng. Khc phc bng cch thay th, cn bng trc.
4.3.6. My phn ly
* Cu to

NlIC
vo

1. Thng cha sa 2. ng thot sa 3. Thn my 4. M t

4. e my 6. ng dn sa 7. ng hi lu

31

L my phn ly cht lng loi a, hin nh my ang dng my phn ly

ca Westfalia ch to vi model 4500 vng/pht v 5000 vng/pht. Gm c
cc a gn trn trc quay, cc a c dng hnh nn ct, xp chng ln nhau.
Trn cc a c khot cc l, khi xp cc a sao cho cc l trng nhau
v to thnh ng rng song song vi trc. Khi tinh bt i t di i ln theo
ng rng ny, phn phi thnh cc lp mng trn a. Tinh bt nng theo cc
a xung di tp trung ngoi thnh thng ri theo cc pt ra ngoi. Tu
tng trng hp tnh chn kch c pt ph hp, mi my c 8 pt. Pha
trn c bm gn ng trc vi trc chnh ca my, quay ng tc vi trc.
y l bm hng trc, dng bm phn cht lng nh sau khi phn pha
thi ra ngoi.
Ton b b phn tip xc lm bng thp khng g, khung c lm bng
gang.
* Nguyn tc hot ng

Hnh 11: M t nguyn tc hot ng ca my phn ly

1. ng hn hp sa 2. Ca tho pha nh 3. a cn
4. pt 5. Ca tho pha nng

32

Dch sa v nc vo pha trn theo ng pha trong trc chnh i xung

v phn phi vo cc a. Khi a quay vi vn tc ln th tinh bt nng hn
s nhn lc ly tm di chuyn theo thnh a ra xung quanh v theo cc pt ra
ngoi. Cn cc thnh phn khc nh protein, dch bo... nh hn s di chuyn
ngc tr li, theo hng tm ri ra ngoi. Thnh phn ny c bm hng
tm gn trn trc ht ra cung cp cho h thng my bc v v my ra c,
mt phn thi ra ngoi.
C 15 pht theo di Bolme ca dch sa mt ln sao cho nng
Bolme ca cc my nh sau, my phn ly 1 v 2 Be = 10 - 12; my phn ly 3
l Be = 18 - 20, nu khng t phi chy hi lun v khng ch bt st ra nc
thi mc thp nht.
iu chnh lng nc, lu lng bt cp cho my m bo my hot
ng tt v tch nhiu tp cht nht.
* S c v cch khc phc
- Dch sa ra khng t yu cu do cc cht cn b bm pha trong a.
Khc phc bng cch lm v sinh bng bm cao p.
- Cc l pt b bt lm dch sa khng thot ra kp, khc phc bng cch
ngng my lm v sinh.
- Cc u pt b toe do p lc phun sa ln, khc phc bng cch gia
cng hoc thay mi.
- Trng hp ht sa, van t ng kh nn solenoid m nc cho my
chy c tc dng lm mt, trnh trung hp my chy khng ti gy nng
my, c th chy v n ng c. Van solenoid hot ng da vo ng h o
lu lng sa vo my. Tuy nhin c trng hp lng sa vo my
nhng do khng p lc kh van s khng ng. Lc ny sa s b bm
ngc ln thp nc. Do vy phi lun m bo lng kh nn cn thit.
4.3.7. My ly tm tch nc
* Cu to
L kiu my trc nm mt pha, c 2 gi nm v cng mt pha so
vi r.
Khung my c lm bng thp cacbon, phn tip xc vi bt lm bng
thp khng g. v ngoi c dng hnh tr, t nm ngang.

33

R li l mt lp vch ngn hnh tr t song song vi v. Trn vch

ngn ny c cc l thot phn sa long. Mt trong ca lp vch ngn ny
l mt lp li vi.
Trc my: c bng 2 0 bi nm cng pha vi ro, pha trc trc
gn r truyn chuyn ng cho r.
Np my: Bn ngoi lm bng thp cacbon, mt trong bc mt lp thp
khng g, lin kt thn my bng bn l, c th ng, m d dng theo chiu
xoay bn l. Trn np gn cc ng dn, hng cp sa, dao co bt v cc c
cu truyn ng dao gt.

long m

Hnh 12: c u to my ly tm
1. V my 2. Dao co bt 3. Ro li 4. Trc my 5. Putty
5.

Vi phun 7. Piston thu lc

B ly hp thu lc l mt c cu truyn ng hp l trong trng hp

ny. Do vn tc ca my ly tm ln, tc quay ca r l 1480 vng/pht,
khi lng ln. Ngoi lc tc ng n r thay i lin tc v ln (np sa,
co bt), do khng th truyn ng bnh thng m phi qua c cu ly hp
thu lc trnh trng hp sc my.

34

cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca c cu truyn ng ly hp thu lc:

V ngoi gm 2 na hnh cu dt, lin kt vi nhau bng bulon, c lp
ron chu c nhit , du chng r r du thu lc. Na v pha sau gn
vi pully bng bulon. Pully ny ng vai tr l khp ni truyn ng t v
ly hp cho trc my ly tm. Bn trong l cnh c lp nh chic a, ng
tm vi v, lp c nh vi trc ly hp. Trc ly hp lp vi pully ngoi. Trn
v c cc c thay, chm du. Du thu lc c chm vo b ly hp
mc t 30 n 60 (l gc gia tm b ly hp n mp ngoi mt thong du
v trc ng ca b ly hp).

Hnh 13: M t cu to ca ly hp thy lc

1. Trc m t truyn ng 2. v cha dn thu lc 3. a truyn ng
4. Trc truyn ng cho my li tm 5. Ron 6. Cnh qut 7. Lo trc
- Nguyn l hot ng ca ly hp thy lc
Khi mt truyn ng cho pully ngoi (qua h thng pully, dy curoa),
a truyn ng bn trong c c nh vi trc ly hp s chuyn ng quay.
a ny s truyn chuyn ng cho du thy lc, sau du s truyn chuyn
ng cho v ngoi ca ly hp. Nh vy, v ngoi s quay ng tc vi trc
my ly tm. a truyn ng bn trong v trc ly hp s quay ng tc vi
pully ngoi. Neu khng c ngoi lc tc ng vo r hoc s thay i tc
ca mt, vn tc quay ca trc my v trc ly hp s gn bng nhau.
Dao gt bt: c lm bng thp khng g, li dao t song song vi
ng sinh ca r, c nh vo cnh tay n v cnh tay n gn vo trc,
trc chuyn ng quay quanh ng yn. Nh vy, khi truyn chuyn
ng quay cho trc dao, li dao s chuyn ng ln n su vo lp bt

35

trn r my. Pha ngoi ca trc, gn mt tay n l mt piston, c truyn

ng bng thu lc. Tc co bt iu chnh bng cch thay i tc
chuyn ng ca dao nh thay i p lc du truyn ng.
Sau mt thi gian hot ng, li dao s b mn, lc ny mt vt ca dao
s tip xc phn ln vi mt bt, s lm cho my nng ti, thm ch gy sc
my, lc ny cn phi thay i gc li dao hoc mi li mt vt ca dao.
Van cp sa: Vic cp sa s thc hin bng van bi, iu khin bng tay.
Vi lc: Vi lc c lm bng cc loi si bn v dai, c th l li kim
loi hoc li vi, mt s vi lc thng thng l: Vi si bng, si len, si
la, si polyetylen, si bece, si nylon, si orlon, si dedelon, si ferylen...
* Nguyn tc hoi ng ca my ly tm
u tin, dch sa c cp vo my qua hng np. R my nhn lc t
mt 55kW truyn ng qua h thng ly hp thy lc. Lc ny r my quay
gn 1480 vng/pht, nhn lc ly tm, dch sa s vng ra ngoi thnh ro.
y xy ra cc qu trnh sau:
Phn tinh bt s c nn li thnh khi di tc dng ca lc ly tm,
nc v cc cu t nh hn mao qun ca vi lc s lt qua vi lc. Khi
lp tinh bt dy th n to thnh mt vch ngn. Cc ht bt c t trng
nng hn s nhn lc ly tm mnh hn v tip tc lm cho vch ngn ny
dy hn. Lp bt ny ngn khng cho nc qua. Nc, dch bo v mt
phn sa s c y dn vo pha trong. Neu tip tc cp sa, lp sa dy
ln y nc dng ln v trn ra ngoi. Khi lp bt bng chiu dy ca
tang trng th ngng cp sa.
Sau mt thi gian nht nh, bt s tr nn kh hn, thng thng m
khng ch t 32 n 35%. Qu trnh co bt bt u din ra. Van solenoid
iu khin cp du thu lc c tc ng, cp du truyn ng ko piston
xung, qua cnh tay n nng li dao ln, li dao s chuyn ng song
phang vi ng sinh r my, co t t lp bt. en mt lc, b phn cnh
tay n s gt mt cng tc hnh trnh c xc nh v tr sn, a tn
hiu ng van solenoid cp du, dao gt s tr v v tr ban u. Sau mt
vi giy, my s c np sa li, bt u mt hnh trnh mi.
* S c v cch khc phc.

36

- m ca tinh bt qu cao l do thi gian lytm ngn hoc lng dch

vo qu nhiu nn thit b lm vic khng hiu qu.
Khc phc bng cch iu chnh dch tinh bt vo on nh, thi gian ly
tm v v sinh li lc.
- Nc x mang theo hm lng tinh bt qu ln do lng dch sa vo
qu nhiu lm trn gi ly tm hoc vi lc b s c.
Khc phc bng cch iu chnh lng vo, nu khng c hiu qu th
phi dng my kim tra vi lc v lm v sinh.
- My c ting ku l do cc 0 bi thiu du bi trn hoc b hng, dy
curoa b mn, bm thy hot ng khng n nh.
Khc phc bng cch trc khi khi ng cn kim tra cc h thng 0 bi,
trc, mc du b ly hp v bm thy lc.
-Tc quay ca my khng t lm sa b chy, thi gian vt lu do
thiu du truyn lc. Khc phc bng cch chm du vo ly hp thy lc.
- Du thy lc b chy do mn pht, khc phc bng cch thay th.
- Dao co bt b mn lmg tng ti trng my khi co bt. Khc phc
bng cnh mi li dao.
4.3.8. My sy kh ng
* Cu to
- Thng phn phi bt m (s 9,10,11, trong hnh 13)
Ton b phn tip xc vi bt m lm bng thp khng g, lm bng
thp cacbon, c tit din phn thn hnh ch nht, y c dng na hnh tr,
tit din hnh van. Gm nhng phn sau:
+ Vit nho bt: Trc lm bng thp khng g, trn trc c gn cc cnh
v c truyn ng bng mt - hp gim tc.
Bt c m t 32-35% nn d kt dnh, do vt nho bt c nhim
v khay o ngn chn qu trnh ny.
+ Vt nh lng: cu to l vt ti xon. Khi hot ng, vt s quay
cung cp mt lng bt vo ng ng sy. c truyn ng bng mt hp gim tc.

37

e np bt mt cch nh lng, ngi ta dng b bin tn iu

chnh tc quay ca vt ti. B bin tn c tc dng thay i dng in cp
vo mt vt nh lng qua thay i tc quay ca vt.

Hnh 14 : cu to my sy kh ng
1. Caloriphe 2. ng sy 3. Cyclone nng 4. Ong thot kh sy
5. Qut nng 6. ng dan bt 7. Kho van kh 8. My lc khng kh
9. Thng cha bt m 10. Vt nho bt 11. Vt nh lng 12. Vt vung bt
- Vt vung bt ( s 12 trong hnh 13)
Bt sau khi nh lng vo h thng sy vn cha mn. trnh hin
tng vn cc gy kh khn cho qu trnh sy nn cn phn tn k.
Phn thn v my cho lm bng thp khng g. c truyn ng trc
tip bng mt, tc quay 1450 vng/pht.
- My lc khng kh ( s 8 trong hnh 13)

38

Gm nhng tm vi lc ghp li vi nhau lc cc bi bn v cc

ht rn trc khi a vo lm nng. Khung lm bng thp m km, b mt
lc 1lm 2.

39

- My trao i nhit (s trong hnh 13)

Be mt ca my trao i nhit lm bng tn km chu nhit cao, din
tch trao i nhit ln. Phn v khung bc lm bng thp. Du trao i
nhit sau khi c t nng c bm ly tm cp vo gin trao i nhit.
Gin trao i nhit l h thng cc ng nh, bn trong cha du truyn nhit.
Du tun hon trong ng nh bm.
- ng sy bt (s 2 trong hnh 13)
Tt c cc ng sy lm bng thp khng g dy 2mm, bc ni bng km,
cch nhit bng si thu tinh v c bc tn bn ngoi. ng cao 30.000mm,
ng knh ng 750mm.
- Cycone nng (s 3 trong hnh 13)
c lm bng thp khng g, cu to l mt cyclone kh, gm hai ci
mc song song.
Thn hnh tr ni vi y hnh nn. ng dn kh vo ni tip tuyn
vi thn, a kh ln bt c vn tc ln vo vi phng tip tuyn vi
thn hnh tr. V vy kh trong ng chuyn ng trn quanh ng tm lm
sut hin lc ly tm. Cc ht bt c khi lng ln s vng ra bm trn
thanh ng ri ri xung y hnh nn. Dng kh c gii phng khi bt
qua tm ng ra ngoi.
- Kho kh van quay (s 7 trong hnh 13)
Bt lng xung y hnh nn ca cyclone c ti xung lin tc nh
van quay. Cc van quay lm bng thp khng g, c tit din hnh trn, bn
trong c cc cnh quay nh mt qu kh c 4 cnh.
C 2 van quay cho cyclone c truyn ng t mt mt, hp gim tc
thng qua bnh rng, xch v trc truyn ng.
- Qut ht nng (s 5 trong hnh 13)
Cng sut truyn ng ca mt l 75kW.
L loi qut ly tm. Gm mt ci v hnh xon c, bn trong l gung
gm cc cnh c un cong li. Khng kh c ht vo qua ca tm ca
gung ri b cc cnh gung cun theo, nh lc ly tm vng ra thnh v v
c y ra khi qut qua ca ra vi p sut ln hn p sut ht mt cht.

40

- L t than
Thn c cu to hnh tr lm bng thp khng g, chi c nhit
cao. Bn trong c b tr cc vch ng lm bng thp chi nhit v p sut
cao, trong ng cha du truyn nhit. Nhin liu t l l than .
* Nguyn l hot ng ca my sy
Khng kh ngoi mi trng c nhit khong 25-30c, cha nhiu
bi bn. Sau khi qua my lc bi, bi bn s b gi li trn cc tm vi.
Khng kh sch vo my gia nhit. Ti y din ra qu trnh trao i nhit
gia khng kh sch v du truyn nhit qua thnh ng. Du sau khi c t
nng l than, c nhit khong 260c c bm tun hon a n my
gia nhit. Khng kh c qut nng ht qua my gia nhit, n s thu nhit
ca du v nng ln khong 210-220c ri vo ng sy. Khng kh nng s
cun bt m sau khi c phn tn ln cao. Trong qu trnh din ra s bc
hi nc ca bt m, bt tr nn kh hn. Cng ln cao bt cng kh v
c lm ngui, ri ri xung hai cyclone nh' lc ly tm, khng kh nng
qua tm ng ra ngoi.
* S c v cch khc phc
- My ht bi b bn lm gim lng khng kh vo sy, khc phc
bng cch tho cc tm vi ra sch.
- Cc ca my nh lng, my phn tn, my nho bt b mn,
khc phc bng cch thay th.
- Du gia nhit b vn cc trong ng ng do nhit nung qu ln,
gy tc nghn, v ng ng. V vy trnh hin tng ny cn khng ch
nhit ca l than lun n nh. Neu hin tng ny sy ra cn nhanh
chng pht hin, ngng cp nhit v tin hnh ca ng thng.
4.3.9. My ng bao
* Cu to
Qut ht ngui. L loi qut ly tm nh qut nng, cng sut 22kW.
Cycone kh: Gm hai cyclone cng cp thu tinh bt thnh phm v mt
cyclone b tr cao hon thu bt ph phm.

41

Ry bt: Kch thc li ry 70 mesh, tt c lm bng thp khng g, l

kiu sng xoay trn.

Hnh 5: cu to my ng bao
1. Bng ti 2. Thng ng bao 3. Phiu cn 4. Thng hng
5. Cycone ngui 6. Kho kh 7. ng thot kh lm mt 8. Qut ngui
9. Ry bt
Gm c v bc bn ngoi c tit din hnh ch nht, va ngn khng
cho bt phn tn ra bn ngoi, va l ni g cc b phn cng tc. Phn
bn trong l mt r li dng hnh tr, t nm ngang gm hai lp. Bao
ngoi l mt lp li tha, dt, g cho li bn trong, li bn trong l
li tm kim loi c l, 70 mesh. C mt ng dn bt sau kho kh n lng
trong ca r li.
B phn cng tc: Gm c trc quay nm gia gn bn cnh l bn
thanh t gn st mp li, g song song vi trc.
Khi trc chuyn ng quay, cnh quay trong s quay, phn tn cc ht
bt mn ra ngoi r li, phn th s n v l thot ra ngoi.

42

Mt truyn ng 5,5kW, cng vi pully v dy ai.

Thng hng: c lm bng thp khng g, tit din hnh tam gic, pha di
l vt ti n bt n vt phn phi. Vt c truyn ng bng mt 2,2kW.
- Vt ti phn phi: L mt ng hnh tr, bn trong t mt vt xon,
ton b lm bng thp khng g. t vung gc vi vt ti trn. C th
chuyn ng o chiu quay chuyn bt v hai pha. Truyn ng bi
mt 2,2kW.
My ng bao t ng
- Vt ti bt: Gm 2 ci, ti bt nh lng cho phu cn pha di.
Tu iu chnh, tuy nhin vn m bo chc nng sau: Ban u 2 vt vn
hot ng, n mt lc no {chnh nh), vt ti ln s dn, vt ti nh vn
hot ng vi tn s nh cp t t lng bt cn li, cho n khi t
lng bt cn thit.
- Phu cn: c gn trn 2 loadcel, dng nhn bit lng bt ang
cha. Trng lng lc khng c mc nh l OkG. Pha di l mt np lt,
truyn ng bng piston kh nn. Khi c tn hiu, kh nn s tc ng lm cho
np lt xung, trt bt vo bao.
- Cn ht chn khng'. Khi nhn c tn hiu, cn s thc xung nh
truyn ng kh nn, pha trn gn lin vi van ba ng v thng vi qut ht
ht chn khng cho bao bt. Pha di l hai ng lc, kch thc ng lc
14micron.
- Kp bao: c truyn ng bng piston kh nn. Lc bnh thng kp bao
m. Khi nhn c tn hiu, kp ng li. Bin dng kp bao st ngoi hng cp
bt, bn trong m mt lp cao su, do c th m v gi cht bao.
Ngoi ra cn c cc b phn khc nh b iu khin lp trnh PLC, h
thng van chia kh nn, mt rung, thit b iu khin v hin th...
* Nguyn tc hot ng
Khi thng bt cha mt lng bt ngp cnh xoay cm ng mc bt
(khong 350kG), c th ng bao. Khi tc ng vo cn gt, cng tc hnh
trnh ng tip im, a tn hiu v b x l. Van kh s tc ng, y
piston ca kp bao xung, kp bao ng, gi cht bao. cn ht chn khng
ngay sau nhn tn hiu, thc xung. C hai vt ti bt u hot ng, ti

43

bt xung phu cn. en mt lc trng lng bt t trng lng ca qu

trnh np th, vt ti ln dng li, b bin tn thay i tn s ca dng in
cp cho vt nh. Vt ti nh cp t' t' mt lng bt cho phu cn, cho n
khi trng lng bt ci t th dng li. Lp tc h thng van chia kh s
tc ng, m np lt ca phu cn, trt bt xung bao. Khi loadcel nhn tn
hiu trng lng cn li trong phu l 0 th np lt ng li, tip tc hnh
trnh np bt mi.
Mt rung hot ng lm ri bt bm trn hng cp.
Lc ny cn ht chn khng ang v tr thc xung, di p lc ht
ca qut ht, khng kh trong bao bt s ht ra. Sau thi gian ch nh, van ba
ng s chuyn v tr, khng ht khng kh cn ht m chuyn qua ht
khng kh ming bao, ng thi mt lng kh nh s thi vo ng ht
chn khng, y cc ht bt bm trn ng ht ri ra. Sau mt thi gian cn
ht s rt ln. Khi ln n v tr cao nht, a tn hiu cho mt c cu cm
ng v tr, truyn tn hiu cho b x l, kp bao s bung ra. Ket thc mt chu
trnh ng bao.
* Cc h hng v bin php khc phc
- Phn mm iu khin ng bao b li, khc phc bng cch ci li
chng trnh.
- Ry b nghn do s, khc phc bng cch rung cho ri ra hoc tho ra
lm v sinh.

44

PHN 5. CC THNG S VN HNH TRUNG GIAN

e vn hnh hiu qu v n nh, to s thng nht trong ch vn
hnh bnh thng, cht lng sn phm sau cng ca qu trnh ch bin n
nh, cn phi c h thng thng s trung gian khng ch cc cng on
sn xut. Vic khng n nh ca cc mt cng on no s gy kh khn
cho cng on sn xut tip theo. Ngoi ra, vic o v xc nh cc thng s
trung gian s gip vic iu tit, ng thi kim tra c tnh trng ca my
mc, thit b ca dy chuyn.
5.1. pH nc cp
Ph thuc cht lng nc ngun v ho cht (vi, phn n...) b sung
trong qu trnh x l. Trong mt khong thi gian no , cht lng nc
ngun (trc khi x l) n nh, pH s thay i ph thuc vo cc ngun
nc t bin nh ma ging. Ngoi ra, c thay i ph thuc thi im
trong ngy do s quang hp ca rong, to c trong nc.
Dng my o pH hoc bt o pH, ch th qu tm xc nh. iu
chnh lng vi duy tr pH t 6,5 - 7,5 l tt nht.
5.2. cng ca nc
c xc nh bng tng hm lng calci, magnes v c biu th bng
C aC 03/l.
5.3. Hm lng Fe 2 3
Vic o c ch mang tnh kim sot. Vic c mt ca st trong nc cp
c nh hng sau: HCN sinh ra trong qu trnh phn hu mt s Glucozit c
trong cc thnh phn ca sn nguyn liu s tc dng vi st c trong nc
cp to ra perro/ferrixyanat c mu xm, nh hng n mu ca tinh bt.
Ngoi ra, tng hm lng tro c trong thnh phm (khng nhiu).
5.4. Dch sa bt
o u ra ca trch ly ln cui iu chnh lng nc s dng trong
cc qu trnh trc. Neu Bolme qu thp s gy mt cn bng qu trnh .
Nu Bolme cao qu c th cho php b sung thm nc nng cao hiu qu
chit tch tinh bt qu trnh trch ly.

45

Trong qu trnh phn ly, cn kim tra Bolme dch sa bt u vo v

u ra ca cc my, iu chnh lu lng hoc tip tc chy hi lu hoc
pha thm nc sch.
5.5. Bt m
e xc nh hm lng m c trong bt, vic xc nh m ny gip
cho vic iu chnh thi gian vt nc hoc kim tra vi ca qu trnh ly tm.
m ny cng n nh th qu trnh sy iu chnh d dng hn.
5.6. Nc thi
y l nc thi trong qu trnh phn ly, cn phi xc nh lng bt st
trong nc thi, gip cho qu trnh iu chnh lun lng trong qu trnh phn ly.
5.7. Bt st trong b
L t l lng tinh bt t do trong b ng vi m .
Dng nc sch tch chit ton b lng tinh bt t do trong b, xc
nh t l bit c hiu qu ca cng on chit, qua b sung thm
nc hoc b tr kch c li, bc chy hp l.
Dng mu b sau khi tch nh trn, tip tc nghin thu tinh bt t do
c trong cc m c cha c ph v trong qu trnh nghin. Vic ny gip
xc nh hiu qu ca cng on cht, nghin, qua kim tra li dao mi,
khe h dao mi v ba...
5.8. Cc thng s thnh phm
5.8.1. p H
Tin hnh 8 ln/ ca ly mu ti khu ng bao. Dng my o pH o.
Phng php: Cn 25g tinh bt cho vo cc ong cho nc ct vo n
vch lOOml khuy trn u ri tin hnh o.
5.8.2. trng
Ph thuc rt nhiu vo cht lng nguyn liu, tng trng ca
thnh phm vi nguyn liu c sn, c th tc ng vo qu trnh tch dch
bo, vic tch dch bo cng k cng nng cao c trng, vic c mt ca
x, tro cng lm gim trng. V vy trong qu trnh sn xut ngi ta tin
hnh kim tra rt nhiu ln.

46

Tin hnh 16 ln/lca sn xut, lgi/2 ln, ti khu ng bao. Dng my

o trng Minolta cm tay CR/14 xc nh trng, sau 3 ln kim tra
mu, ly kt qu trung bnh.
5.8.3. m
Chnh l lng nc lin kt c trong bt thnh phm. m cng cao
th cng kh bo qun, nu m ln hn 13% th nm mc c iu kin pht
trin. Vic xc nh m bng cch ho hi ton b lng nc c trong
tinh bt cho n khi nhit khng i, kt hp vi vic cn xc nh trng
lng trc v sau khi sy kh hon ton xc nh hm lng m.
5.8.4. nht
Ph thuc nhiu vo cht lng sn nguyn liu, cc tp cht c thnh
phm. Vic c mt cc tp cht lm gim nht ca tinh bt nh x, dch
bo... Ngoi ra, nhit cao trong qu trnh sy cng l yu t nh hng n
nht ca tinh bt. Trong mt ca sn xut ngi ta tin hnh ly mu o
mt ln.
5.8.5. mn
mn chnh l lng cn li trn ry c kch thc 150j.im bng
phng php sn kh. gim t l ht c kch thc khng t ngi ta lp
ry khu ng bao v my nh ti bt m h thng sy. Cc ht bt
khng t mn c gy ra ch yu qu trnh sy. Khi bt m a vo
ng ng sy, chng d vn cc v nhit trong qu trnh sy lm kh
lp bt bao bc bn ngoi, chng lin kt vi nhau to thnh ht bt ln,
ngoi ra cn do h ho trng qu trnh sy.
5.8.6. X
X chnh l lng lt qua l li trong qu trnh trch ly. Ngi ta tin
hnh ly mu thnh phm cho vo sn c kch thc l li 200 Mesh, dng
nc ra sch tinh bt.
Cht khng tan cn li trn li sng, cho vo phu lc v lc qua giy
lc (giy lc sy kh 105c v cn c trng lng A gram). em giy
lc c x sy kh 105 c, cn c trng lng B gram.
X % = B-A.

47

5.8.7. tro
Tro l phn cn li khi t chy hon ton tinh bt thnh phm. Bng
phng php cn xc nh t l trng lng trc v sau khi t xc nh
tro. C nhiu yu t lin quan n tro, trong cc tp cht, x l ch yu.
Hm lng tro ton phn c tnh theo cng thc sau:

tro

G2

G,

100%

Trong :
G i: mu trc khi nung (g)
G 2: mu sau khi nung (g)'
5.8.8. Hm lng tinh bt
Ch yu l do qu trnh cng ngh quyt nh, vic c mt ca x, tp
cht th, dch bo v nc lin kt lm gim hm lng tinh bt. Chnh l t
l tinh bt nguyn cht c trong mt n v trng lng thnh phm.

48

PHN 6. MT S NG DNG CA TINH BT SN

6.1. Trong cng nghip sn xut x bng v cht ty ra

Tinh bt c dng nh cht n trong x bng v cht ty ra vi nng
ti a 15%. Tinh bt phi c bng cao, trng tt, khng c chlorine
v acid, m ti a phi nh hn 20%. Mc ch to nht v mu sc
ng u.
6.2. Trong ngnh sn xut dc phm
Tinh bt c s dng rng ri trong sn xut thuc vin. N ng vai
tr va l cht bc bn ngoi va l cht lin kt cc hot cht bn trong
thuc. Khi vin thuc c nut vo, tinh bt nhanh chng hp th nc nn
trng n, gy ra sc p bn trong lm phn hu vin thuc v gii phng
hot cht.
6.3. Trong ngnh sn xut cht n
Tinh bt c s dng nh mt cht n c kh nng chy. N cng
c s dng nh cht lin kt u dim v pho bng. Ngoi vai tr thay
th cho keo dn t tin hn, tinh bt sn cn ng vai tr l cht c bit v
cht lin kt d b xi ho dn ti hin tng chy.
6.4. Nha t tinh bt
Vic s dng ngy cng nhiu cc loi nha plastic hng cc nh
khoa hc ngh n cc nguyn liu mi khng c ngun gc du m. Nha
plastic gy nhim mi trng trm trng, do n phn hu rt chm. Nha
dng tinh bt lm cht n chi ko, trong sut... li c kh nng phn hu
bi vi sinh.
6.5. Trong cng ngh thc phm
Tinh bt sn cng ging nh cc loi tinh bt khc ng vai tr quan
trng trong vic to cu trc cho nhiu loi thc phm. N l thnh phn
chnh, l cht to c c, chc cho nhiu loi sn phm.
Tinh bt c th s dng dng t nhin hoc dng h ha. N l cht
kt tinh trong cc sn phm tht ch bin v thc phm p n. Tinh bt to
c cho nhn bnh dng kem, to bng cho cc loi ht.

49

Tinh bt s dng lm bnh, m si, tng, hng liu, cht mu thc

phm.
Ngoi ra tinh bt c dng trong sn xut cc loi ng ngt dng
ph bin trong cng ngh ch bin thc phm nh ng maltose, xiro giu
glucose, m chnh...
6.6. Trong cng ngh bo qun
Ngi ta da vo kh nng to mng ca tinh bt sn bo qun mt s
loi qu. Mc d, t dung dch tinh sn c kh nng to mng mt cch d
dng nhng mng ny c nhc im gin, d rch, b nt nhiu. Do vy,
mng to thnh c cht lng thp. khc phc nhc im trn, ngi ta
b sung thm cc cht ph gia thc phm vo dung dch tinh bt sn, nhm
tng tnh do dai, n hi v kt dnh linh hot cn thit cho mng nh:
glycerin, sorbitol, ethylenglycol.
Ngoi cc ng dng trn, tinh bt cn c s dng rt nhiu trong cc
ngnh cng nghip khc: Cng nghip vi, cng nghip giy...

50

PHN 7. AN TON V V SINH

7.1. X l nc
7. /. /.

trnh cp nc sch
Ngun
nc

Trm bm
Ho trn
ho cht

Qu trnh
keo t

Lng s b

Be lng
xng c
Kh trng

B lc ct

Lc p
lc
Mi ngy nh my dng khong 2000m3 nc sch. Nc ny ly t
ngun nc t nhin. Sau khi ly v nc c ho trn mt s ho cht,
y dng phn nhm dng ho tan, to thnh cc sn phm mang in tch
dng c kh nng kt hp vi cc in tch m trong nc to thnh bng

51

cn. C th y nhanh qu trnh keo t ngi ta c th cho thm cc cht tr

keo t. Di tc dng ca dng chy cc bng cn khng lng trn knh dn.
Be lng gm cc tm li ngn t nghin so vi dng chy. Din tch
b ln nn vn tc dng chy nh, cc ht bng cn p vo thnh li ri
xung y. Cc tp cht nh tip tc lng b lng xng c. Sau s dng
Clo v cc hp cht ca Clo dit cc vi sinh vt.
B lc ct gm mt lp thch anh v mt lp ct c kh nng sng,
lng, hp ph v hot ho lm nc sch hn. Be lc p lc c chc nng
ging b lc tuy nhin nc c bm vo vi mt p sut nht nh.
7.1.2. Quy trnh x l nc thi
Nc thi

Be lng

Be lng protein

Men
vi
sinh

Cht rn

Bt m

H thng h sinh
hc

Thi ra mi trng

Ton b lng nc ca qu trnh sn xut bao gm: Nc v sinh v

nc thi cng ngh c gom chung vo mt mng v i qua b lng
tch bt t ct tri theo nc thi. Tip theo nc c i qua cc b protein
lng bn t v bt m. Sau , nc thi nh my c lu trong h
thng 7 h sinh hc trc khi thi ra mi trng. Trong qu trnh lu nc

52

h sinh hc, thng xuyn b sung ch phm vi sinh Biogas tng cng
kh nng phn hu hu c v gim mi hi.
cc h 5, 6, 7 tin hnh trng cc loi thc vt thu sinh tng
cht lng x l nc trc khi thi ra bn ngoi.
7.2. Cht rn v cc cht nguy hi khc
- Cht thi rn ca qu trnh sn xut tinh bt sn ch yu l v la t c
sn v t ct dnh theo c sn.
- a phn ton b t ct trong nc thi c tch ti 2 b lng. Bn
t b lng th nht c xe xc gom v mt khu vc ring .Bn t
b lng th hai thng xuyn c bm ln sn phi bn, vo u v cui
mi ngy u tin hnh b sung ch phm sinh hc phn hu v kh mi.
- V la: Tch ring c a v mt khu vc tp kt ring bng
ch phm EM vo cui v s tin hnh t lm phn.
- B sn: Dng lm thc n gia sc.
7.3. Ting n v kh thi
- Ngun pht sinh ting n ch yu do hot ng ca cc mt. Cc bin
php gim thiu ting n: Thng xuyn cn chnh, bo dng, tra du m
cho cc 0 bi.
- Ngun pht sinh kh thi ch yu t cc h sinh hc. Khc phc bng
cch trng nhiu cy xanh xung quanh khun vin nh my.

53

PHN 8. KT LUN V KIN NGH

8.1. Kt lun
Trong thi gian thc tp nh my tinh bt sn FOCOCEV Tha Thin
Hu, ti tm hiu c cc vn sau:
- Qui trnh sn xut tinh bt sn, cc thng s nh hng n cht lng
sn phm.
- Cc thng s vn hnh trung gian.
- Cc thit b chnh trong dy chuyn sn xut tinh bt sn,bao

gm:

+ Cu to.
+ Nguyn tc hot ng.
+ H hng
- e xut mt s bin php khc phc.
8.2. Kin ngh
Qua thi gian v qu trnh thc tp, nng cao cht lng sn phm v
tng nng sut thit b, ti xin a ra mt s kin ngh sau:
* Qui trnh cng ngh
- Qui hoch vng nguyn liu, c k hoch thu mua hp l m bo
cht lng nguyn liu sn nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm.
- u t thm dy chuyn sn xut thc n gia sc, tn dng ph
phm.
- Nng cp h thng x l nc thi, m v sinh mi trng.
* Thit b
- Thng xuyn v sinh v bo dng.
- Tn dng ti a cng sut thit b.
- Nghin cu t ng ho mt s thit b.
- Bi dng, nng cao trnh tay ngh cho cng nhn.

54

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Hong Kim Anh, Ng Ke Sng, Nguyn Xch Lin. Tinh bt sn v
cc sn phm t tinh bt sn. Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut
2. Phm Vn Bin, Hong Kim. Cy sn. NXB Nng nghip-Thnh ph
H Ch Minh. 1995.
3.Gs.Ts ng Hng Dt. Cy sn t' cy lng thc chuyn thnh cy
cng nghip. NXB Lao ng-x hi 2004.
4.

Cao Vn Hng. Bo qun v ch bin sn. NXB Nng nghip 2001

5. Cc ti liu ca nh my tinh bt sn FOCOCEV Tha Thin Hu.

6. http://www.ntu.edu.vn/canbo/dungvtn/canbo/file/cau%20
7. http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com/2008/01/v-tr-kinh-t-ca-cy-sn.

55

MC LC
PHN 1. T VN .........................................................................................1
PHN 2. GII THIU V NH MY TINH BT SN FOCOCEV
THA THIN HU.................................................. ............................................ 3
2.1. Hon cnh ra i ca nh m y.....................................................................3
2.2. Vng nguyn liu ca nh m y................................................................... 3
2.3. C cu t chc nh my...............................................................................5
PHN 3. TNG QUAN NGHIN c u ............................................................7
3.1. Tng quan v cy sn ................................................................................... 7
3.1.1. Ngun gc cy sn.................................................................................7
3.1.2. Mt s ging sn c trng ti Vit Nam.........................................7
3.1.3. Cu to gii phau ca c sn................................................................ 8
3.1.4. Thnh phn ho hc ca c sn............................................................9
3.2. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th sn trn Th g i i.....................................10
3.3. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th sn trong nc......................................... 11
3.4. Mt s phng php ch bin sn............................................................. 12
3.4.1. Ch bin sn kh.................................................................................. 12
3.4.2. Ch bin sn ht....................................................................................13
PHN 4. NI DUNG C H NH ........................................................................... 14
4.1. Quy trnh ch bin tinh bt sn t c sn .................................................14
4.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh sn x u t................................................................ 16
4.2.1. Np liu - Mi.......................................................................................16
4.2.2. Trch ly ................ .............................................................. .............. 17
4.2.3. Phn ly .................. .................... ..................... .....................................18
4.2.4. Ly tm tch nc................................................................................. 19
4.2.5. Sy.........................................................................................................19
4.2.6. ng b a o .............................................................................................. 20
4.3. Mt s thit b chnh trong quy trnh sn xut......................................... 21
4.3.1. Lng bc v.......................................................................................... 21
4.3.2. B ra nc..........................................................................................24
4.3.3. My cht............................................................................................... 25
4.3.4. My m i............................................................................................... 27
4.3.5. My trch ly ..........................................................................................29
4.3.6. My phn ly.......................................................................................... 31
4.3.7. My ly tm tch nc......................................................................... 33
4.3.8. My sy kh n g ...............................................................................37
4.3.9. My ng bao.......................................................................................41
PHN 5. CC THONG SVN HNH TRUNG GIAN........................... 45
5.1. pH nc c p .............................................................................................. 45

5.2. cng ca nc......................................................................................45

5.3. Hm lng Fe2 3 ........................................................................................45
5.4. Dch sa b t.................................................................................................45
5.5. Bt m ...........................................................................................................46
5.6. Nc thi...................................................................................................... 46
5.7. Bt st trong b ........................................................................................... 46
5.8. Cc thng s thnh phm............................................................................46
5.8.1 p H ............ ......... ............... ....................................................... 46
5.8.2. trng.................................................................................................46
5.8.3. m .................................................................................................... 47
5.8.4. nht..................................................................................................47
5.8.5. m n................................................................................................... 47
5.8.6. X....................................................................................................... 47
5.8.7. tr o .................................................................................................. 48
5.8.8. Hm lng tinh bt.............................................................................48
PHN 6. MT S NG DNG CA TINH BT S N .............................49
6.1. Trong cng nghip sn xut x bng v cht tay ra..............................49
6.2. Trong ngnh sn xut dc phm ............................................................. 49
6.3. Trong ngnh sn xut cht n o ....................................................................49
6.4. Nha t tinh bt........................................................................................... 49
6.5. Trong cng ngh thc phm ......................................................................49
6.6. Trong cng ngh bo qun......................................................................... 50
PHN 7. AN TON V V SINH.................................................................... 51
7.1. X l nc.....................................................................................................51
7.1.1. Quy trnh cp nc sch ......................................................................51
7.1.2. Quy trnh x l nc thi....................................................................52
7.2. Cht rn v cc cht nguy hi khc........................................................... 53
7.3. Ting n v kh thi.................................................................................... 53
PHN 8. KT LUN V KIN NGH..........................................................54
8.1. Kt lun.........................................................................................................54
8.2. Kin ngh...................................................................................................... 54
TI LIU THAM KHO................................................................................... 55