7.

1

(plunger) (damper)

7.2 (Permanent Magnets)

7.2.1 (Type of Permanent Magnets)

1. (Ferrite magnet) (ceramic magnet)
7.1 (Strontium)
(Barium) (ceramic processing)
(AlNiCO)
(Br)

40oC 250oC

7.1
( TMC Magnetic Inc.,)

98

7.2
( TMC Magnetic Inc.,)

2. (Rare Earth1 Magnet)

2.1 (Neodymium Iron Boron, NdFeB)
7.2
(Br) (coercivity2) (Hc)



2.2 (SmCo) SmCo5 Sm2Co17
7.2
(demagnetization)
(350C)

7.3
3. (Aluminum-Nickel-Cobalt, AlNiCo) (550C)

(Br)

7.4

1
2

57 71 . : . 2529 : 465.

. : The new lexicon

Websters dictionary of the English language. 190, 1996.

 99

7.3
( TMC Magnetic Inc.,)

7.4
( TMC Magnetic Inc., China rare earth permanent magnet Ltd.)
S

()
N

()
F

()
F

()
7.5 () () () ()

7.2.2
( )

7.5

100

(susceptibility)

N

7.6

()
()
7.7 () ()

7.6

7.2.3 (Earths Magnetic Field)

11 7.7()
770oC


0.5
0.3 0.6

 101

7.2.4 (Magnetic Field)

7.7()
()

(earth's magnetic field)
( )
(
)
M
:


:

7.8 (magnetization), M
(magnetic field strength), H

7.2.5 (Coercivity) (Remanence)

( )

(remanence) (coercivity)3 ( 7.8 )


(remanence)

(coercivity) .

7.3 (Electromagnets)
7.3.1

. : The new lexicon Websters dictionary of the

English language: 190, 1996.

102

(macroscopic currents) ( 7.9) (microscopic
currents) (atomic orbits)

7.9

7.9

7.10

7.9

N
W

N
W

N
E

I=0

()
()
()
7.10 () ()
()

7.11

 103

7.12 ()

7.3.2

7.11 7.12

I

B
I

()

()

7.13 () ()

(Lorentz force law) ( 9 12)

7.13

7.4 (Magnetic field Parameters)

7.1

H
B

CGS

(Oersted)

(Gauss)

Oe
G

SI

/ A t/m
Amp turn/metre

T
(Tesla)

/ A t/in.
Amp turn/inch
/.
(Line/sq.in.)

104

7.4.1 (Magnetic Field Intensity)

(H)
(H)
(B)
B = H
(7.1)

N
l
l

7.14
H

( /)

(7.2)

= (permeability) , ( /)

(Ampares law) (
8)
(7.3)
H dL I
7.14 ( H dL ) (7.3) l
(I) NI (7.3)
Hl = NI

(7.4)

NI
l

( /)

(7.5)

7.4.2 (Permeability of Materials)

(relative permeability)

(7.6)
r
0

r = , ()

 105

= , (H/m)
0 = 4 10 7, (H/m)
2,000 6,000
2,000 6,000

7.4.3 (Magnetic Flux Density)
(B)
( 7.13 7.14 )

( /.)
(7.7)
B
A

= , ()
A = , ()
1 Wb/m2 () = 1 Tesla = 1 N/A m

1 Tesla = 10,000 Guass

7.1
(7.1) (7.5) 7.14

B = H =

NI
l

(7.8)

7.5 B H (Hysteresis and B H Curve)

B H 7.15
(H) (mmf) (l)
(B)
(H) (B)
(mmf) ()
(
)
B H (B H curve) (magnetization curve) 7.9
(cast iron), (cast steel) (sheet steel)
(saturation)


(magnetic hysteresis)

106

, B

(sheet steel)

(cast steel)

(cast iron)

, H

7.15 B H

7.5.1 (Hysteresis)

(loose steering)
( )

4 -



7.5.2
7.15 ( )
7.16 ()

,B

,H

7.16
4

. 2529 : 263.

 107

, B

, H

7.17 ()

retentivity ()
( 7.17)

7.18
7.19
retentivity

7.20
, B

, H

7.18

108

, B

, H

7.19
7.17
, B

, H

7.20 (S)

7.5.2

()

(
) ()
retentivity

( )

 109

7
1
1. ........................................
.................
2. ................. .................
3. .................
4. ................. .................
.................
5. .................
6. ................. .................
7. ................. .................
.................
8. (coercivity) .....................................................................................................................
9.
.................
10. ...............
.................
11. .................
.................
12. 0.5 ................./ .................
13. ................. .................
14. ...................................................
15. .....................................................................................................................
16.
...............
17. S B H ...............
18. ...............
2
1. 7.21
A
N

7.21 1

110

2. 7.22
( x ()
)

7.22 2

3. 7.23

7.23 3

4. 7.24 P

7.24 4

5. 7.25 X

7.25 5

7.26 6

 111

6. 7.26
7. C 7.27

7.28 7

7.29 8 - 10

8. 7.29
9. 7.29 FE X
10. R 7.29
r = 2000
I = 4

6 cm

N = 100

10 cm

7.30 11

11. 7.30 1 . 100

4 2,000
. ()
. (H)
. (B)
. ()
12. 2 . 7.30
200 7.30
2,500 200