CHAO MNG THY

VA CAC BAN LP SP
IA LY K55 N VI
BAI THUYT TRINH
CUA NHOM 1
NHOM 1 GM CAC THANH VIN:
L Thi Thanh Nguyt
Nguyn thi L Hng
Cao Thi Lng
Trn Thi Hoa
Nguyn Thi Thuy
Cao Thi Duyn
Bui Thi Thanh Huyn
Ng Tt Li

IA LY T NHIN
AI CNG 3
LOAI NGI TRN TRAI T

1.LOAI NGI VA VI TRI CUA LOAI NGI

TRONG SINH QUYN
A,ngun gc loai ngi:

Con ngi thuc b linh trng (Primater),c tin hoa t

mt loai vn c,theo cac giai oan sau:

 Thoat u la s xut hin cua loai vn c thuc

ging Australopithectus(vn c phng Nam)
chu Phi cach chung ta khoang 5-6 triu nm).
c im :co th ng va i bng 2 chn,dung 2 chi
trc cm va nm; n qua,cu,la cy va nhng
ng vt nho.

 Giai oan : ngi kheo leo (Homo habilis )

y la bc ngot u tin t vn thanh ngi ti c.

c im:co th tich hp so khoang 650cm3.ho con

nhiu net ging nguyn thuy,thng leo treo ging nh
vn c,sng mt t va i bng 2 chn,ho a bit ch
tao cng cu bng a,tuy rt th s.

Giai oan: ngi ung thng (Homo Erectus) chu Phi

cach chung ta khoang 1,7 triu nm .

 c im :co th tich hp so 750-950 cm3,ho

sng thi ki a cu,ho a bit phat ra ting noi
va ch tao cng cu bng a mc tinh xao hn
H.Habilis va c bit a bit dung la.

Giai oan: t ngi vn Pithercanthropus tin

hoa thanh ngi c Nanectan .

 c im :sng trung ki a cu,c th a rt ging vi

ngi hin ai ,th tich hp so 1.200-1.600 cm3.
o Ho sng thanh by an nguyn thuy,bit gi la t
nhin,dung la,lam ra la si m,nng thc n va ui
thu d.bit ch tao cng cu bng a ao bi cu,cht cy
lam vu khi t v,tn cng thu d luc sn bt .

Giai oan : ngi hin ai hay ngi tinh khn ( Homo

Sapiens ) vao hu ki a cu ,cach ta khoang 4-5 van nm.

 c im :hai ban tay kheo leo,tran cao,xng ham nho

va khng nh v phia trc ,nao c bit phat trin,tuy th
tich hp so khng tng thm .
o i sng ngay cang hoan thin, nh tri thng minh va i
ban tay kheo leo ngi hin ai vn ti nhng min t
la.dn xut hin nhng c im khac nhau v mau da,mau
mt ,hinh dang mt,mui,mthinh thanh cac chung tc
khac nhau cua loai ngi.

b, vi tri cua con ngi trong sinh quyn

Nu nm chui thc n thi con ngi nm
mt xich cui cung,mt vi sinh vt tiu thu
bc cao nht,mt vt tiu thu c bit;song vn
phai chiu anh hng cua mi trng t nhin.

2.CAC CHUNG TC LOAI NGI VA S PHN

B CAC CHUNG TC TRN TH GII
a , khai nim chung tc:
La mt qun th c trng v nhng c im di truyn
v hinh thai-sinh li ma ngun gc va qua trinh hinh
thanh cua chung lin quan n mt vung ia vc nht
inh.( co mt s c trng hinh thai ging nhau ,mang
ban tinh di truyn )
Da vao hinh thai bn ngoai nh mt ,mui ,tai,

Hay k tn nhng chung

tc trn th gii

 b. cac c im phn loai chung tc.

Mau sc cua da ,toc, mt.
o Gm co da mau sang (xanh),mau trung binh(xam hoc nu nhat),mau sm hat de hoc
en )
o Mau toc bao gm:mau sang (vang),mau trung binh (toc hung),mau sm(toc en,nu)
Dang toc va lp lng th 3 trn c th.
o Dng toc t nhin co 2loai :toc thng va toc un lan song ,xon tit.
o Mi chung tc, tui nht inh thi mc lng th 3 khac nhau.
Hinh dang khun mt mt mui mi u
Hnh dng khun mt c 3 loi : rng , hp , trung bnh ph thuc vo s pht trin ca
xng g m.
Hnh dng mt ch yu do m trn pht trin nhiu hay t quy nh.
Hnh dng mi cao hay thp , sng mi thng , thom , lm , rng hay hp ph thuc
vo s pht trin nhiu hay t ca xng v sn .
Hnh dng mi phn lm 4 loi : mng , va , dy v rt dy.
Hnh dng u c 4 loi : u di, u trung bnh , u ngn v qu ngn.
Tm voc va ti l thn hinh : tm vc trung bnh ca nam l 164-167cm. Ca n l t
153-156cm
Rng:
Ngi mongoloit v oxtraloit :rng ca hnh li xng
Ngi oropoit v ngi negroit : rng hm trn c nm ph.

c.S phn loai cac chung tc

ai chung Mnglit (con goi la ai chung da
vang) phn b chu yu chu A
ai chung rpit (con goi la ai chung da
trng ),phn b chu u
ai chung Ngrit-xtralit (con goi la ai
chung da en ),phn b chu Phi va chu ai
Dng

c im va s phn b cac chung tc

Chung tc Mnglit

S lng chim 40% dn s th gii.

c im chung
Da vng, nu nhat
Tc mu en, cng v thng,
lng v ru t pht trin
Mt mu en v nu khng to,
c khi nho v xch, thng
mt mt m, mt c gc mi
Mt to b, xng g m pht trin
Mui trung bnh
Rng hnh bn xeng v hi vu
Mi trung bnh v mong
Hnh dang u trung bnh
Chiu cao mc trung bnh, chn ngn
Phn b: Ca Na a, Chu A

Cc tiu chng v loi hnh ngi Chng tc Mnglit

Nhnh Bc Mnglit :
Tiu chng Trung ,
Tiu chng Xibirian
Tiu chng Bc Cc
Tiu chng Vin ng

Nhnh Nam Mnglit :

Tiu chng Nam Mnglit
Tiu chng Plynxian

Nhnh Mnglit Chu M

- Tiu chng Bc M
- Tiu chng Trung M
- Tiu chng Patagn Chng tc

 Chng tc rpit
S lng chim 48% dn s th gii.
c im chung
. Da trng
Tc xon dng sng, mm;
lng v ru thng rt pht trin
Mi cao v hp
Mi mng, cm d
Mt xanh xm hoc nu nht
Vc ngi cao v chn di
Phn b: chu M, x-tra-li-a, chu u.

Cc tiu chng v loi hnh

ngi Chng tc rpit

Nhnh Bc rpit
- Tiu chng ng u
Tiu chng phng Bc

Nhnh nam rpit

-TC In-Pamirian

TC a Trung Hi- Bancanic

TC Tin
TC Ariatic
TC Anpi Chng tc

 Chng tc Ngrit-xtralit
S lng chim 12% dn s th gii.
c im chung

Mu da, tc v mt u sm
(en hoc nu en)
Tc xon hoc dng sng
lng v ru thng rt t
Mi tt, cnh mi rng,
l mi rng v nm gn ngang.
Ming rng, mi dy,
xng hm trn rt d.
Vc ngi cao v chn di
so vi mnh nhng li c nhng tiu chng thp
nht trn th gii, , u di
Phn b: Chu Phi, Oxtralia, Thi Bnh Dng, n
Dng

Cc tiu chng v loi hnh ngi

Chng tc Ngr-xtralit

Nhnh Ngr

- Tiu chng ng Phi

- Tiu chng Trung Phi
- Tiu chng Nam Phi
- Tiu chng Xu ng

Nhnh xtralit
- TC xtraling

- TC Mlanding
- Tiu chng Ngrit
- TC Xn- Xylan
- Tiu chng Ainu