A QUY TRNH SN XUT BT CACAO TRUYN THNG (PHNG

PHP KIM HO KHI CACAO)

1. Quy trnh cng ngh ch bin bt cacao theo phng php truyn thng

Hnh S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bt cacao theo phng php kim ho
dch cacao
II. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh
1. Phn loi v lm sch
1.1 Mc ch qu trnh
Chun b cho cc cng on tip theo trong quy trnh sn xut (rang,
nghin, tch v) nhm loi b tp cht ln trong nguyn liu. Cc tp
cht thng l ct, , g vn, cao su, mnh kim loi, vn thu tinh, vi
si t cc bao b vn chuyn Vic loi b tp cht ny rt cn thit
m bo yu cu v cht lng ca ht khi nghin v tch v, cng nh
chng nhng tc ng c hc (va p, xay xt) lm gim tui th ca
cc thit b trong cc qu trnh x l sau .
Ngoi ra, qu trnh ny cn gip chun ho kch thc v t trng ca cc
ht cacao, loi b nhng ht c kch thc qu nh, qu to, cc ht lp
m bo cc ht cacao ng u hn, gip cc qu trnh ch bin tip theo
thun li hn.
1.2 Cc bin i ca nguyn liu

Khng c bin i no ng k trong qu trnh lm sch cacao. Bin i

ch yu l gim hm lng tp cht, kch thc cc ht v t trng ht s
ng u hn.
1.3 Phng php thc hin
y l mt qu trnh gm nhiu thao tc lin tc, trong c cc h thng
sng nhiu cp loi b cc tp cht c kch thc khc nhau, sau
dung t trng loi b mt st, ri dung phng php rung v kh ng
da trn t trng tch , bi v v.
Nguyn l hot ng
- Dng cacao nguyn liu c a n v tr nhp liu A ca thit b
sang phn loi hai tng dng con ln. sang trn cng, nhung tp
cht kch thc ln nh mnh g vn, cao su, cs c gi li v
loi b i theo ng B. Nhng ht qua c sang s ri xung sang
di. Ti y, nhng tp cht nh hon nh ct s c loi b qua
cc khe ca sang. Cc ht nguyn liu sch c gi li trn sang.
Ngoi ra, cc tp cht nh nh bi, v khbm trn b mt ng ht
nguyn liu cng c tch nh h thng qut thi lien tc t u ra
ca sng di.
- Sau khi c phn loi s b, dng ht nguyn liu tip tc c vn
chuyn n thit b phn loi t tnh loi b nhng mnh st vn ln
trong ng ht.
- Cui cng, dng nguyn liu sau khi ra khi thit b phn loi t tnh
tip tc c phn loi bng trng lc. Qu trnh ny gip loi b cc
tp cht cn st li, da trn s khc bit v t trng, gip nguyn liu
ng u hn. Dng ht nguyn liu s c a n mt b mt c
c l v c t nm nghing so vi mt t. Khng kh s thi qua
cc l ny theo chiu t di ln, vung gc vi b mt sang, kt hp
vi chuyn ng rung lc c tc dng lm cho khi ht tung ln trn.
Dng cacao c trng lng nh chu tc dng ca kh thi s chuyn
ng v pha cui ca sang (v tr thp), trong khi nhng tp cht c
trng lng ln hn khng chu tc ng ca kh thi s chuyn ng
theo chiu ngc li ra ngoi.
1.4 Thit b

2. Rang
2.1 Mc ch
- Chun b: tng phng n ca ht, thay i cu trc v, t lm
yu i lin kt gia v v nhn cacao, gip cho ht cacao d dng c
tch v. ng thi, qu trnh ny gp phn lm gim m nguyn
liu xung 2,5 5%, tang hiu sut cho qu trnh nghin th.
- Ch bin: bin i cc hp cht mu v mi c sn trong cacao lm
cho sn phm c mu sc, mi thm v hng v c trng.
- Bo qun: v hot enzyme v tiu dit mt s vi sinh vt c hi.
- Mc rang ph thuc vo loi ht v mc ch s dng ca sn
phm.
2.2 Cc bin i ca nguyn liu
2.2.1 Bin i vt l
- nhit khi cacao tang ln km theo qu trnh thot m lm gim t
trng ht.
- xp ca v cacao tha i gip cho ht cacao sau rang d nghin v
tch v.
2.2.2 Bin i ho hc

Phn ng to mu do cc hp cht polyphenol v anthocyanin b y

ho chuyn thnh hp cht flobaphen (mu nu ).
- S gim hm lng cht chat (sn phm ngng t catechin hnh thnh
sau qu trnh ln men): sau khi rang cn li 2 3%.
- Phn ng Maillard (phn ng ho nu khng enzyme): cc amino acid
v ng kh tc dng vi nhau to ra sn phm melanoidin c mu
nu v hng v c trng.
- Mt s protein b bin tnh bi nhit .
2.2.3 Bin i ho l
- m khuch tn t trong long ht ra b mt v v bay hi lm hm m
ca ht gim xung cn 2,5 5%.
- Cc acid d bay hi v to mi khng mong mun nh acid acetic s
gim ng k trong sut qu trnh rang.
- Mt lng nh b cacao b chuyn thnh th lng khuch tn ra ngoi
v.
2.2.4 Bin i ho sinh v sinh hc
nh ch hot ng ca cc vi sinh vt v enzyme c trong ht
2.2.5 Bin i cm quan
- Mu sc: qu trnh rang to mu c trng cho cacao (thng qua phn
ng Maillard v oxy ho polyphenol).
- Mi v: mt s cu t hng s c hnh thnh nhit ny, v d
nh cc aldehyde, ester nhiu hp cht d bay hi nh acid acetic,
aldehyde, keton, ru, ester phn t lng thp c mi v khng mong
mun s b loi b.
2.3 Cc yu t nh hng
- Phng php rang: gin on v lin tc:
+ Gin on: nng sut thp, cht lng sn phm khng ng u
gia cc m. Thch hp sn xut quy m nh.
+ Lin tc: nng sut cao, cht lng sn phm ng u. Nhng tn
chi ph u t thit b, v vy ch thch hp sn xut quy m ln.
- Thit b rang dng trng quay hnh tr ng: dng trng quay, cht
lng cacao sau rang s n nh hn do khi ht cacao c gia nhit
ng u hn.
- ng u ca khi ht: ht ng u (v kch thc, khi lng,
m) th truyn nhit tt hn.
- Nhit v thi gian: l hai nhn t chnh nh hng trc tip n
cht lng ca ht thnh phm. V vy, vic la chn nhit v thi
gian ti u cho qu trnh rang cn tu thuc vo mc ch s dng ca
cao thnh phm v mt s ch tiu cm quan (mu, mi) thch hp.
- rm: m trong ht cng ln th thi gian rang cng di.
Bng Nhit v thi gian ti u hnh thnh mt s ch tiu cm
quan
Yu cu
Thi gian ti u (pht) Nhit ti u (oC
1. Mu nu ti u ca bt
134
2. V chat gim ti a
40
150
3. V ng gam ti a
120 150

4. V chua gim ti a
50
150
5.V chy kht gim ti a 10
120
2.4 Thit b
Thit b rang gin on: cu to thit b rang phi m bo sao cho ht
khng b ln vi cc phn b chy xm ca nguyn liu cng nh nhin
liu t. Bn cnh , thit b cng phi c thit k sao cho d thu
hi cc acid d bay hi, cm v cc sn phm phn hu khc.
Thong thng, ht ca cao c rang trong thit b rang ht (khc vi
thit b rang nhn). Thit b ny c th c gia nhit trc tip bng
cch thi dng kh nng i qua khi ht hoc gin tip thng qua gia
nhit t bn ngoi ln v thit b. Thng c s dng nht l cc
thit b rang djang trng hnh tr trn nm ngang, c th rang ca cao
c hai dng nhn v ht, trng ny c th xoay quanh trc c nh
gia nhit ng u hn Qu trnh rang thng c kt hp vi qu
trnh tit trng nh vo vic kim sot m trong trng rang cho
php t c mc tiu dit vi sinh vt tt nht. Sau khi qu trnh
rang hon tt, dng ht c a vo khoang dn c b tr qut lm
ngui trong trng hp rang nhn trc khi c a vo may
nghin.

(a) Phu nhp liu; (b) Trng rang; (c) ng dn dung dch (kim, ph
gia) vo trng rang (s dng cho qu trnh rang nhn); (d) B phn
gia nhit cho kh hay du; (e) Khoang lm ngui.
Hnh Thit b rang ca cao gin on
2.5 Thng s cng ngh
- Thi gian rang: thay i t 15 70 pht, nhit bin thin trong
khong 110 160oC tu thuc vo cu to thit b v khi lng tng
m.
- Theo nghin cu ca mt s tc gi [9], iu kin ti u trong qu
trnh rang:
+ Nhit : 135 oC.
+ Tc dng kh: 1m/s.
3. Qu trnh tch v ca cao
3.1 Mc ch cng ngh
- Chun b: sau qu trnh rang, lin kt gia phn v ngoi v nhn ht
ca cao c lm yu i do s thot m. V vy, qu trnh ny nhm

mc ch chnh l loi b lp v cng nh loi ht cc tp cht khng

mong mun trong quy trnh sn xut bt cacao (c bit l lp nht
cn st do c ln ct, nh hng n qu trnh nghin sau ny).
- V tch ra khi nhn cng trit cng tt, v th cn phi c nhng
qu trnh x l trc khi tch v nh x l hng ngoi hoc rang. Qa
trnh tch v phi tin hnh ngay sau qu trnh rang, khi ht vn cn
nng th hiu qu tch v s cao hn.
3.2 Cc bin i ca nguyn liu
Qu trnh ny gm 2 qu trnh nh:
- Xt:
+ Lp v ca cao s b v v tch ra khi ht.
+ Do ma st gia cc lp v vi nhau nn nhit ca v v ht tng
ln nhng khng ng k, do qu trnh din ra rt nhanh.
- Sng: qu trnh tch ton b v ra khi nhn ca cao s lm gim khi
lng nhng li tng t trng ca nhn.
3.2 Thit b nghin
- Nguyn l hot ng: da vo t trng khc nhau gia v v nhn.
- Phng php thc hin: kt hp hai qu tnh sang v thi kh. Qu
trnh rang lm yu lien kt gia lp v vfa nhn, do trong qu trnh
nghin tch v ny, ht s c ch xt nhm lm tch ri tng mnh
v ln trnh to bi.
- Thit b: ph lc
Ht ca cao sau khi rang c tch v mt phn, a qua sang
loi b phn v i. Sauk hi sang, ht s c a vo my xt cu
to ggm hai con ln c tit din hnh lc gic quay cng chiu tung
cc ht ca cao va p vo cc tm kim loi bn trong my. V ht s
c x ra v cng vi nhn ri xung h thng sang c kt hp phn
ly nh kh ng dng qut. H thng gm nhiu sang ni tip nhau, c
chuyn ng rung lc. Kch thc l sang nh dn t trn xung di.
V v cc mnh vn cng nh bi s c tch ra nh qut ht. Nhn
s ri xung v i ra ngoi.
Cc my phn loi hin nay ch c kh nng tch c khong 83%
nhn, trong cha khong 1,5 2% v v mt t mm.

Hnh S nguyn l nghin tch v

4. Qu trnh nghin nhn ca cao
4.1 Mc ch cng ngh
- Chun b: chun b cho qu trnh kim ho. Qu trnh nghin lm gim
kch thc cc mnh nhn cacao, to nn mt khi ca cao dang c,
st, gi l cacao khi hay dch cacao.
- Ch bin: chuyn nhn cacao thnh dng bt.
4.2 Cc bin i ca nguyn liu
Do ma st trong khi nghin, cc t bo trong ht b x v, ng thi
nhit khi nhn cacao tng ln 34oC, b cacao dng rn bn trong
cc t bo (hm lng ti 55%) c gai phng ra bn ngoi v
chuyn sang dng lng. Cc thnh phn rn cn li tip tc gim kch
thc cho n khi ton b khi nguyn liu hnh thnh nn cu trc
huyn ph dng paste, trong pha lng l b cacao, pha rn l tinh
bt v protein.
4.3 Cc yu t nh hng
- Phng php rang: qu trnh rang khong trit s nh hng n hiu
sut tch v, h qu l moth phn v vn cn bm vo nhn, lm gim
cht lng sn phm sau nghin.
- Bn cht ht: kch thc, hnh dng (trc v sau khi rang).
- m: cao th qu trnh nghin khng tt, do hin tng dnh khi
nghin.
- Hiu qu ca qu trnh tch v: hiu sut tch v cao th hiu sut
nghin cao, v cht lng sn phm nghin tt, v ngc li.
4.4 Thit b nghin
My nghin tht ci Triple Liquor Mill CMA

Cu to: My c cu to gm 3 cp tht ci xp chng ln nhau. Mi

cp tht ci bao gm ci pha trn quay v tht pha di ng yn.
Khong cch gia tht v ci s quyt nh mn ca sn phm.
Vng lm vic ca cc cp tht ci l khu vc hnh vnh khan c ph
mt lp gn mp tht ci.

Hnh - My nghin tht ci Triple Liquor Mill

Nguyn tc hot ng:
Nhn ca cao s c cp tm ca ci trn, qu trnh nghin s xy ra
ti vng lm vic nm gia hai tht. Di tc dng cu lc ly tm, bt
nghin s c bn ra bn ngoi mng tho liu mp tht trn, v
cp trc tip v tm ci pha di. sau khi c nghin n kch thc
cn thit (khong 150 200 um ), khi ca cao s c a vo bn
cha chun b cho qu trnh kim ho.
- Thng s k thut
+ m vo: 2 2,5%
+ Nhit nghin: 34 35 oC (trn nhit nng chy ca b cacao).
+ Kch thc ht sau nghin: 5 500um .
5. Qu trnh kim ho
5.1 Mc ch cng ngh
Cng nh qu trnh rang, qu trnh kim ho l mt trong nhng khu
khng th thiu c trong quy trnh sn xut cacao, bao gm cc mc
ch sau:
- Chun b: to m ti u cho qu trnh p b.
- Ch bin: qu trnh kim ho xy ra cc bin i quan trng lm tang
cng cht lng bt cacao thnh phm v mu sc (lm tang mu nu
cho bt cacao), mi, v (tng hng v thm ngon ca bt cacao).

Hon thin: ci thin ch tiu cm quan v mu, mi, v v kh nng

ho tan ca bt cacao.
5.2 Cc bin i ca nguyn liu
- Bin i ho l:
+ Nc hp ph t ngoi vo trong khi cacao, lm khi cacao mm
hn, gp phn gip phn ng trung ho d dng hn.
+ nhit kim ho cao, mt phn nc trong dch cacao s bc hi.
- Bin i ho hc
+ Cc acid t do khng bay hi cn li nh acid citric, acid tartaric,
cc acid bo s c trung ho lm gim chua ca cacao.
+ Phn ng Maillard tip tc xy ra lm tng gi tr cm quan ca bt
cacao v hng v v mu sc.
+ Cc hp cht polyphenol b chuyn ho thnh hp cht quinon
ngng t, lm cho bt cacao sm mu hn.
ROH + OH- RO- + H2O
Hp cht mang gc O- mang mu ch o trong dung dch
polyphenol, do khi them dung dch kim, cn bng phn ng dch
chuyn sang phi lm tang cng mu nu cho sn phm.
+ Kh tannin lm gi mv cht ca bt cacao.
+ Mt s protein b phn hu thnh cc peptide v amino acid do nhit
cao.
- Bin i cm quan:
+ To mu nu sm c trng.
+ Tng cng hng thm cho cacao.
+ Gim v cht, v chua.
5.3 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh kim ho
- Nhit : nhit cao th thi gian rt ngn. Nu nhit qu cao c
th thc y cc phn ng din ra nhanh hn vi mc cao hn, lm
nh hng su sc, hng v v mt s ch tiu ho hc nh pH, hm
lng tro ca cacao c th lm gim cht lng ca bt cacao thnh
phm.
- Thi gian: thi gian kim ho ngn th kim ho khng trit , ko d
th di tc dng ca nhit cao v mi trng kim c th gy nn
cc bin i ho hc nh phn ng thu phn, oxy ho protein v cht
bo trong dch cacao; cc phn ng chuyn mu lm cho bt cacao
sm mu hn, ng thi to nn nhng hp cht khng mong mun
nh hng khng tt n cht lng bt cacao thnh phm.
- Mi quan h gia nhit v thi gian kim ho: ng vi mi nhit
cn c thi gian kim ho thch hp. Thng nhit kim ho t 80
115oC, thi gian kim ho t 25 60 pht.
- Ho cht: K2CO3, Na2CO3, ammoniac, mui ammonium, Ca(OH)2.
Loi ho cht v nng thng c s dng nht l K 2CO3. Mu sc
ca bt cacao ph thuc vo lng kim s dng. Kim chim khong
2,5 6% khi lng cacao nghin, c tc dng lm tang pH t 4,5 5
n 6,1 8,5.

Bng - S nh hng ca nng kim n chat lng cacao thnh

phm.

Hm lng O: cng nhiu khng kh th bt cacao cng , do phn

ng chuyn ho polyphenol.
- p sut: cng cao th bt cacao cng nu do nhit tng.
5.4 Thit b kim ho
Thit b kim ho s dng l thit b hnh tr kiu v o. Tc nhn
truyn nhit s i pha v, thng l hi nc, nc nng hoc in tr
tu thuc vo b phn iu khin nhit . V thit b lm bng thp
khng g, bn trong c cnh khuy o trn hn hp gip cho dung
dch kim v dch cacao d dng tip xc v khuch tn ng nht vi
nhau, tang cng hiu qu kim ho. Sau khi kim ho, kh kh c
sc vo gim m n 2%.
Bng cch iu chnh hai thng s c bn l nhit kim ho v
lng kim s dng, ta c th kim sot c mu, mi ca bt
cacao theo mc ch sn xut. nhit thp, mu cacao s nht v
hi nu. Khi tng nhit ln cao, cacao s chuyn sang mu nu m
v tr nn nng mi. Ngoi ra, lng kim s dng cng nh hng
nhiu n mu sc cacao, cng kim tnh, pH cng cao th mu cacao
cng sm.
5.5 Thng s k thut
- Nhit kim ho: 80 115 oC
- Thi gian kim ho: 25 60 pht
- Ho cht: K2CO3 hm lng 2,5 6% khi lng cacao nghin.
- pH: tang t 4,5 5 n 7,1 7,7

Hnh Thit b kim ho

6. Qu trnh p b
6.1 Mc ch cng ngh
- Hon thin: bt cacao thnh phm cn phi c hng v ph hp v
khng b chy lng nhit thng, trong khi cht bo trong
cacao nghin c nhit nng chy thp (chng 34 35 oC). Do vy
cacao nghin sau qu trnh kim ho cn phi c tch bt bo nh
giai on p b. Sn phm ca qu trnh p bao gm bnh v b cacao.
Ngoi ra, qu trnh ny cn to ra cc loi sn phm vi hm lng
bo khc nhau ph hp vi cc mc ch s dng khc nhau.
- Khai thc: thu hi lng b cn thit c trong cacao, phc v cho cng
ngh sn xut chocolate.
- Bo qun: gc cm quan, bt cacao sau khi p b c th bo qun
lu hn do gim c hin tng oxy ho cht bo gy mi kh chu
cho sn phm.
6.2 Cc bin i ca nguyn liu
Qu trnh ny c thc hin bng my p thu lc, di tc dng ca
lqc p rt ln p sut v nhit cao, b cacao dng lng s b
tch ra khi hn hp, lm cho hm lng cht bo trong cacao nghin
gim t 50 55% xung cn 10 20%.
6.3 Cc yu t nh hng
- Bn cht nguyn liu: hm lng b cacao c trong nguyn liu.
- Nhit : nhit cao th b cacao dng lng, c nht thp, thun
li cho qu trnh p.
- p lc p: p lc p cng cao th hiu sut p cng tang, nhng kh
tho cacao ra khi khun.
- Thi gian p: thi gian ngn th hiu sut p gim so vi thi gian di,
vi cng mt p lc p c nh do thi gian p ngn th lc p phi

tng t ngt ln mt gi tr ln, khin cc mao qun trong khi cacao

b tc lm gim hiu sut p.
- Phng php thc hin: phng php p n gip tch trit b hn
phng php p thu lc, nhng gi thnh cao hn. Hm lng b
cacao cn li sau khi p n l 8 9%.
6.4 Thit b p
Thit b p thu lc c s dng qu trnh p ny l loi thit b
gm 22 khung p t ng lien tip nhau. Mi khung c mt mng lc
bng thp nm y khung c th tho lp c v c kh nng cha
ti 18,15kg.
Thit b c vn hnh t ng. Ban u, cacao nghin nhit 90
100OC s c bm vo vi p lc 21kg/cm2. giai on ny, mt
lng b cacao yuwj do s b tch ra v thot qua mng lc. Khi khung
p y, bm s ngng hot ng, khi piston thu lc s lm vic
v to ra p lc p n 420kg/cm2. Lc ny, b cacao s thot khi
mng lc v i vo bn cha. Khi tch c lng b cacao theo
ng yu cu, piston thu lc s quay v ng v tr ban u, kt thc
vic p. Khung p s t ng c m ra, bnh cacao s ri xung
bng ti t sn bn di my p, v c chuyn ti silo lm ngui
bng khng kh lnh (hoc a ln pallet chuyn ti lm ngui
trong phng lnh), ri sau s qua thit b nghin nghin bnh
cacao thnh bt cacao thnh phm.

Hnh S my p thu lc dng tch b cacao

Hm lng bo ca cacao c chnh da vo 3 yu t: thi gian p,
khi lng bt p, v khong cch di chuyn ca piston. Nhn chung,
i vi thit b p trn, lng b cacao vn khng c tch hon ton
khi bt cacao, thp nht l 1% bo vn cn trong bt cacao.
6.5 Yu cu v thng s k thut
Vi yu cu hm lng bo gim cn 10 20% v s dng my p
thu lc:
- Nhit cacao khi trong qu trnh ny khong 90 100oC.
- p lc p t 380 420kg/cm2.
- p lc bm nhp liu: 21kg/cm2.

- Thi gian p: 15 -30 pht.

- S khung p: 22 khung.
- Khi lng cacao trong mi khung: 18,15kg.
Thi gian p ph thuc vo hm lng bo cn gim bt cacao l nhiu
hay t. Vi p lc p 420kg/cm 2 v phng php p thu lc, hm lng
bo c th gim n mc cn 8%.
7. Qu trnh nghin bnh cacao
7.1 Mc ch cng ngh
- Hon thin: sau qu trnh p thu lc, loi b bt b cacao, cc ht
cacao v cht bo cn li lien kt vi nhau rt cht to thnh khi gi
l banh cacao. V vy, qu trnh ny cn c mc ch nh ti khi
cacao thnh nhng ht nh m kch thc ln nht bng c ht u
(<5mm). Cacao sau khi c nh ti s tip tc c lm gim kch
thc nh my nghin ba.
- mn ca bt cacao c quyt nh bi my nghin mn trc
, cn qu trnh nghin ny khng nh hng n kch thc ca ht
cacao, m ch c tc dng x nh bnh cacao thnh dng bt.
7.2 Cc bin i ca nguyn liu
- Vt l: bnh cacao s b nghin thnh dng ht c kch thc nh hn.
- Ho l, ho hc: mt s cc glyceride c trong b cacao b chy lng
v b oxy ho to ra nhng mu sc khng mong mun cho bt cacao
- Cm quan: c th lm thay i mu bt cacao thnh phm.
7.3 Cc yu t nh hng
- Nhit : trong khi nghin, c nhng yu t sau y chu s chi phi
ca nhit :
+ B cacao cn li trong bt c nhit nng chy 34 0C, v vy nu
trong qu trnh nghin, nhit tang cao trn nhit ny th b cacao
s chy lng, gy hin tng kt dnh lm cho qu trnh nghin gp
kh khan. Hn na, nhit di 34 0C, mt s glyceride trong b
cacao cng c th b chy lng v mc d bt vn c th i qua my
nghin nhng cht bo trong bt dng khng n nh s to ra nhng
mu sc khng mong mun, lm cho bt b vn cc. i vi bt cacao
c hm lng bo di 20% th nhit lm ngui khng cn chnh
xc.
- Mu sc bt cacao: tu vo mc ch s dng ca bt cacao thnh
phm m mu sc ca bt quan trng hay khng. V mu sc ca bt
cacao cng b chi phi bi nhit ca qu trnh ny.
- Thng th nhit ca bnh cacao nhp liu khong 43 45 oC, v
bt cacao sau khi ra khi my nghin trong khong 21 24oC.
- m ca khng kh lm ngui: m tng i ca khng kh lm
ngui ch nm trong khong 50 60%. Nu m khng kh qu cao
s lm cho ht cacao thnh phm c cha hm lng nc ln, to
iu kin cho vi sinh vt pht trin. Ngc li, m qu thp s lm
cho cc ht cacao b tch in, gy kh khn cho vic ng gi sau ny.
Bn cnh , khng kh lm ngui phi sch v khng c mi l.
7.4 Thit b

H thng thit b nghin bnh cacao vto bt gm 3 phn chnh: h

thng nghin, thp lm ngui v cyclone lng bt.
Bnh cacao (b hoc cn nguyn) c a vo phu nhp liu (),
c vt ti vn chuyn n my nghin (3). Kho (2) c tc dng
ng m t ng iu chnh lu lng nhp liu, trnh gy qu ti
cho my.
Sau khi c nghin mn thnh dng bt, s c cun theo dng
kh lnh tun hon n 2 thp lm ngui (4). Ti y, hn hp bi
cacao s c trao i nhit gin tip vi dung dch nc mui thng
qua lp v o ca thp lm ngui.
Cui cng, hn hp bi cacao s c ht vo 2 cyclone (5) thu hi
sn phm cacao dng bt mn.

Hnh S h thng thit b sn xut bt cacao thnh phm

7.5 Thng s k thut
- Nhit cacao nhp liu: 43 45oC.
- Nhit cacao tho liu: 21 24oC.
- m khng kh lm ngui: 50 60%.
- Nhit dung dch nc mui lm ngui: -10oC.
- Nng sut:
+ Cacao c hm lng b 10 12%: ti a 700kg/gi.
+ Cacao c hm lng b 16 18%: ti a 550kg/gi.
+ Cacao c hm lng b 22 24%: ti a 450kg/gi.
- Cng sut ti: 42kW.
- Khi lng tng cng: 5875kg.
- Din tch mt bng cn thit: 4000x7500mm.
8. Qu trnh hon thin sn phm
8.1 Ry phn loi sn phm
8.1.1 Mc ch

Hon thin: sn phm sau qu trnh nghin bnh cacao l hn hp cc

phn t bt c hnh dng v kch thc khc nhau. Qu trnh ry nhm
phn chia sn phm bt nghin ra tng loi theo ln.
8.1.2 Thit b
Nguyn l hot ng: phn loi bt da vo s khc nhau v kch
thc, di tc dng ca lc c hc. Bt cacao sau nghin c a
qua thit b ry bao gm nhiu ry c xp song song v chng ln
nhau. Bt cacao sau nghin c a qua thit b ry bao gm nhiu
ry c xp song song v chng ln nhau. Mt ry c kch thc l
ln t ln trn, kch thc l nh s c t pha di. Khi bt
chuyn ng t trn xung di, ta s thu c bt vi s phn loi
nh mong mun.
Thng s cng ngh: kch thc ht tiu chun 75 micromet ng vi l
ry c ng knh 200mesh.
Thit b: ry 3 cp m hiu LK 600-3S.

Hnh Thit b ry phn loi bt cacao

8.2 Qu trnh bao gi sn phm
8.2.1 Mc ch
- Hon thin: qu trnh bao gi nhm phn chia sn phm v khi lng,
cht lng v tang tnh cm quan cho sn phm.
- Bo qun: hn ch s tip xc ca nh sang, khng kh v m t
mi trng xung quanh n bt cacao. V vy, bao b dng bao gi
thng l bao b bng plastic v c lp nhm chn nh sng v
trnh tht thot hng.
8.2.2 Thit b bao gi
S dng thit b chuyn ng gi cc loi bt.

Hnh Thit b bao gi sn phm dng bt