6.

3
Study 1. P 2. Q 3. R 4. S 5. T the following sets. = { m, a, t, e, i, k} = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 } = { 2, 4, 6, 8, . . . , 20 } = { 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . } = { 5, 10, 15, 20, . . . }

What are you going to learn?

To comprehend the difference between finite and infinite sets To determine the number of set elements

Key Terms:
cardinality number of set elements finite set infinite set

In the above five sets, all elements of each set are listed between a pair of curly brackets. The elements of set P are: m, a, t, e, i, k. Thus there are six elements of P. We denote this: n(P) = 6 The elements of set Q above are also listed between a pair of brackets. The elements of set Q are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. Thus there are five elements of Q. We denote n(Q) = 5.

In set R, not all elements of the set are listed between the pair of brackets. However, we know that the largest element of R is 20. Consequently, we can determine the number of elements of set R by continuing the counting pattern from 2, 4, 6, .. up to 20. So we have the number of elements of set R is 10, or n(R) = 10. Sets P, Q, and R are called countable sets (the number of the elements can be counted). These sets are also called finite sets (the number of the elements is finite). Now look at sets S and T. Here we do not know the largest element, so we are not able to determine the number of elements of both sets. These kinds of sets are called infinite sets (the number of elements is not finite).

222/Students Book - Sets

Remarks
The number of elements of set P is called the cardinal number of set P , denoted by n(P). If the number of elements of P is finite, then n(P) is a whole number. If the number of elements of set P is infinite, then it cannot be expressed using a number. . Therefore, as a convention, (not so finite the or infinite) is used, cardinal number of set P is n(P) = .

1. If A = set of months having names starting with letter J, then determine n(A). Is set A finite?

Solution :
A = { January, June, July } There are three elements in A, so n(A) = 3. Thus set A is finite. 2. If B = set of odd numbers between 2 and 10, then determine n(B). Is set B finite?

Solution :
B = { 3, 5, 7, 9 } The number of elements in B is 4. Then, n(B) = 4.Thus, set B is finite. 3. Can you mention two examples of infinite set?

Solution:
set of all natural numbers. set of all whole numbers.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/223

Determine the number of elements of the following sets. 1. A = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 } 2. B = { 1000 } 3. C = set of composite numbers less than 10. 4. D = set of whole numbers less than 20. 5. E = { 6, 12, 18, . . . , 36 } 6. F = set of prime numbers between 5 and 20. 7. G = { x | x < 25, x is natural number}. 8. H = { n | n < 6, n is whole number}. 9. I = set of prime numbers less than 35.

10. J = { 5, 10, 15, . . . , 50}

11. If P = set of squared numbers between 5 and 40,

Q = set of vowels in the word trigonometry, is n(P) = n(Q) ?

Related toReal World

12. 13. How many elements does each of the following sets have? K = set of vowels in the word Indonesia. L = set of months having names ending with two letters er. M = set of the colors of rainbow. N = { x | x is the name of the day starting other than letter

14. 15. S} 16. O = { x | x is parent}

224/Students Book - Sets

Critical Thinking
17. If A = Set of traffic light colours, B = Set of days having names starting with letter S. Is n(A) = n(B) ?

18. State whether each of the following sets is finite or infinite. a. Set of books in a book shelf. b. Set of sands inside a milk box. c. Set of Indonesian people. d. Set of whole numbers. e. Set of composite numbers. f. Set of whole numbers less than 10. g. Set of chairs at your school. h. Set of SMP students in Surabaya. i. Set of mathematics teachers in Medan. j. Set of multiple of 5 of natural numbers.

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