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H NI - 2011
I HC QUC GIA H NI
TRNG I HC CNG NGH
H NI - 2011
LI CM N
TM TT NI DUNG
LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan ni dung trong bn n tt nghip ny l kt qu trong cng
trnh nghin cu ca ring ti di s hng dn ca TS Bi Huy v PGS.TS Phm
Vn Hi.Tt c cc s liu c cng b l hon ton trung thc v cha tng c
cng b ti cc ti liu hay n phm no khc .Cc ti liu tham kho khc u c ch
dn r rng v ngun gc xut x v c nu trong phn ph lc cui kho lun.
MC LC
M U....................................................................................................................... 1
CHNG 1................................................................................................................... 3
NGHIN CU CCH T BRAGG TRONG SI.......................................................3
1.1. Tng quan v cch t Bragg trong si (FBG).....................................................3
1.1.1. Gii thiu....................................................................................................3
1.1.2. Nguyn l hot ng...................................................................................4
1.2. Cc phng php ch to FBG...........................................................................6
1.2.1. Phng php ch to FBG s dng b chia chm tia.................................8
1.2.2. Phng php ch to FBG qua mt n pha( Phase Mask)...........................9
1.2.3. Phng php ch to FBG bng h giao thoa k.......................................12
1.3. ng dng ca FBG...........................................................................................13
1.3.1. Cc u im chnh ca FBG......................................................................13
1.3.2. ng dng ca FBG trong b tch ghp knh OADM...............................14
1.3.3. FBG dng b tn sc............................................................................20
1.3.4. ng dng trong cm bin..........................................................................22
CHNG 2. CM BIN QUANG SI S DNG CCH T BRAGG.................23
2.1. FBG lm cm bin nhit ..............................................................................23
2.2. FBG lm cm bin sc cng.............................................................................24
2.3. Cm bin gia tc da trn FBG cho cng trnh kin trc xy dng dn dng. .24
2.3.1 .Gii thiu..................................................................................................24
2.3.2. Thit k ca sensor gia tc FBG................................................................25
2.4. S dng FBG trong cm bin o mi trng lng............................................29
2.5. Cm bin FBG o a chn...............................................................................30
2.5.1. Cu trc c kh ca cc u cm bin.......................................................30
2.5.2. Tn s p ng ca cm bin FBG gia tc................................................33
CHNG 3. THC NGHIM V KT QU THU C.....................................36
THUT NG VIT TT
ADM
Add/Drop Multiplexing
CFBG
DWDM
Dense Wavelength
Division Multiplex
EDFA
B khuch i quang si
pha tp Erbium
FBG
LCFBG
MUX
Multiplexing
B ghp knh
OADM
Optical Add/Drop
Multiplexing
OFA
B khuch i quang si
UFBG
UV
Ultra Violet
Tia cc tm
WDM
Wavelength Division
Multiplex
M U
Cm bin nhit .
Cm bin sc cng .
1
Cm bin p sut.
CHNG 1.
NGHIN CU CCH T BRAGG TRONG SI
1.1. Tng quan v cch t Bragg trong si (FBG)
1.1.1. Gii thiu
n( x, y , z ) n( x, y, z ) (n, x , y)cos(
z
2
)z
(1. 1)
n( x, y, z ) l ch s iu ch v l chu k ca FBG.
Mt lng nh nh sng c phn x ti mi im ni ch s chit sut ca
FBG thay i. S phn x hon ton trong FBG xy ra ti cc bc sng ring khi
xut hin mode ghp mnh nht. y gi l iu kin Bragg c m t trong
phng trnh (1. 2), bc sng m ti c s phn x hon ton c gi l bc
sng Bragg B. Ch c nhng bc sng tho mn iu kin Bragg l chu nh hng
ca cch t v phn x mt cch mnh m. FBG trong sut i vi cc bc sng nm
ngoi vng bc sng Bragg.
Bc sng Bragg c tnh nh sau:
B = 2 neff
(1. 2)
Pin
(dB )
prefl
0 1
(1.3)
0 truyn t tri qua phi. Nng lng t sng ny c ghp vo sng tn x chuyn
dch theo hng ngc li ti cng bc sng nu tho mn iu kin pha Bragg.
0 ( 0 ) 2 0
Ta c 0
2 neff
(1.4)
0 2neff
(1.5)
neff uv
nuv sin
2
(1.6)
B bc sng phn x Bragg, neff l ch s mode hiu dng trong si, nuv l ch s
chit sut ca si trong UV, uv l bc sng ca bc x UV.
T cng thc trn ta thy B ph thuc vo bc sng ca chm tia UV v gc
hp bi hai chm tia ti gy giao thoa ti si v vy khi thay i uv v th B cng
thay i tc l chu k cch t thay i.
Si c gi on giao thoa ca hai chm tia. y l phng php c s
dng thnh cng u tin ch to cch t ti bc sng nhn thy.
muv
m
sin sin
i
2
(1.7)
uv
pm
2sin m 2
2
(1.8)
N Bragg
2neff
pm
2
(1.9)
d nuv 1
uv
2
(1.10)
11
uv
2sin B 2
(1.11)
(1.12)
B z 2neff z z
(1.13)
19
2neff L
c
(1.14)
Trong d l khong thi gian tr, neff l chit sut hiu dng, L l di on
cch t Bragg, c l vn tc nh sng trong chn khng, c l hiu s gia bc sng
b phn x u on cch t (thnh phn bc sng di nht) so vi bc sng b
phn x cui on cch t (thnh phn ngn nht).
20
Cm bin nhit .
Cm bin sc cng.
Cm bin o a chn.
1 pe T
(2.1)
1 neff 1
B 2 eff neff L B
B
eff
L
L neff
P
1 N 1 ta c:
t
e v kt hp vi 1
neff L
L L
L
B
L
1 Pe
B
L
(2.2)
Trong :
B l dch bc sng,
N l s chu k ca cch t trong FBG,
24
25
(2.3)
Khi
(2.4)
Chia c 2 v cho M ta c:
(2.5)
Trong
K
M
(2.6)
(2.7)
Cho php chng miu t chuyn ng ca vt M dng sau:
(2.8)
Bin
(2.3):
1
1
Ag
2
2
1 ( / 0 ) 0
(2.9)
d /l 1
Ag
2
L 0
(2.10)
Ag (Gal ) c th c
1.0 Ag
(2.11)
Hnh
2.4: FBG cm bin p lc
28
Hnh 2.6:
S thit
k
Vic thit
k c kh
cm bin
gia tc s
dng FBG c th hin trong hnh 2.6. Hai u ca cm bin si cch t Bragg c
gn trc tip trn thanh l xo l ca mt cu hnh L. Cch t Bragg c ko cng
t c s phn b bin dng ng u dc theo cch t Bragg. Bng cch s dng
29
cu hnh ny, cch t Bragg lun lun b cng phn phi ng u dc theo chiu di
o ca n m bo c tnh phn x sc nt m khng m rng trong ph phn x.
L xo l c s dng y gim thiu s nhy rung ng qua trc.Vt
khi (vt liu: ng thau, trng lng: 10,6 gram) c gn vo mt u ca l xo l
(vt liu: thp khng r, chiu di: 4 cm, chiu rng: 1,2 cm, dy: 0,2 cm). u cn
li ca l l c gn bi mt ct (chiu cao: 1,27 cm). Ct ny l c nh trn v
cu hp cha cm bin.
Tt c cc yu t ca cm bin c ng gi ch c si quang ko di ra. N
bo v cc thnh phn di tc ng c hc bn ngoi khng b va p hoc h hng.
Trong th nghim ton b cm bin c trn di mt t. Cc cm bin tip tc
c ng hp c c cc giao din kt ni (FCPC) gia cp quang v im ni
ln khi mt t.
Sng a chn t tt c cc hng va chm mt t dc theo b mt trn u
cm bin,nhng sng a chn ny to ra nhng rung ng thay trn v cm bin cng
vi cc cc h tr ti mt u ca l xo l. Trong khi vt khi u kia ca l xo l
vn cn tnh, n gy ra s rung ng trn cm bin FBG.
S thay i bin dng ca si cch t Bragg c th c pht hin bi s dch
chuyn bc sng Bragg theo hiu ng Bragg . Trong thit k, cch t Bragg hot
ng ti bc sng 1550 nm. bin dng bc sng 1550 nm l ~ 1pm/. Nh
vy, ng vi bin dng 1000 s dn n mt s thay i bc sng 1 nm ca
mt b cm bin FBG. S thay i bc sng ca b cm bin FBG c pht hin
thng qua h thng bin i quang in.
Vic thit k gim xc cng l mt yu t quan trng trong h thng l xo
khi lng. Mt gim xc tt s sinh cc phn ng tn s thp, trong khi mt gim sc
cht lng thp s cho kt qu dao ng khng ng vi dao ng ca l xo l. Gim
xc bng cch gn keo silicon di ca khi lng v u cm bin c bn cho kt
qu kh tt o dao ng a chn.
30
31
32
33
34
( x)
M ( x) 12 F ( L x)
EI ( x)
Eh3b
(3.1)
d 2s
ds 2 23
( x) | 2 | [1+( ) ]
dx
dx
(3.2)
35
36
Bc sng(nm)
1552.136
1552.244
1552.302
13
1552.351
17
1552.376
23
1552.396
27
1552.405
38
39
KT LUN
Qua mt thi gian tm hiu nghin cu v tng hp v cch t Bragg si quang,
em thu c mt s kt qu nh sau:
Nm bt c tng quan v cc tnh cht quang ca cch t Bragg trong si
(FBG).
Tm hiu v tham gia ch to FBG bng phng php giao thoa k s dng
chm Laser UV 248nm.
Tm hiu mt s cu hnh ca mt s cm bin s dng cch t Bragg trong
si nh:cm bin o gia tc,cm bin o d chn, cm bin o dch
chuyn.
Xy dng mt cm bin o dch chuyn s dng cch t Bragg trong
si,v thu c kt qu l dch trong khong 0-30mm,v bc sng
thay i trong khong 1552-1552.5 nm.
Vi cc kt qu thu c trong kha lun,em hy vng rng c th dng FBG
lm cc sensor vi nhy cao v chnh xc.
Trong tng lai, cch t Bragg si quang s cn c nhiu ng dng quan trng
cn c nghin cu s dng ht tim nng. iu i hi phi c nhng nghin
cu su v ton din hn na v kh nng ca dng thit b ny.
Trong kha lun ny chc chn em khng th trnh khi nhiu thiu st. Em
mong c s ch bo v gp ca cc thy c v cc bn.
xut hng nghin cu tip theo:
Kho st qu trnh dch nh ph ca FBG vi cc iu kin vt l khc
nhau,cc thit k c kh khc nhau ca sensor.
Ch to cc h thng cm bin s dng FBG v ng dng chng trong thc
t
Ting Vit
[1] Thanh Hu-Lun Vn Thc s Khoa hc Vt l, i hc S phm H Ni 2006.
[2] V Don Min-Bi ging thng tin quang cho ngnh Vt l k thut Khoa Vt l
k thut v cng ngh nano, i hc Cng ngh, i hc Quc gia H Ni ,2007.
Ting Anh
[3] H.Y.Au, S.K.Khijwania, H.Y.Tam-Fiber Bragg Grating Based AccelerometerDepartment of Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
Hong Kong, China Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology
Guwahati, Assam, India.
[4] A.Mita- Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Acceleration Sensors for Civil and Building
Structures Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
[5] Y.-J.Rao,In-Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors, Meas.Sci.Technol, 8, 1997, 355-375.
[6] Changyu Shen, Chuan Zhong- Novel Temperature-insensitive fiber Bragg grating
sensor for displacement measurement Institute of Optoelectronic Technology,
China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China, 310018.
[7] Yan Zhang,Sanguo Li,Jing Ning,Zhifan Yin,Hong-liang Cui- Sesmic wave
detection system based on fiber optic sensor- Department of Physics and
Engineering Physic Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson,
Hoboken , NJ, USA, 07030.
[8] Zhi Zhou, Thomas W.Graver,Luke Hsu,Jin-Ping Ou-Techniques of Advanced FBG
sensors: fabrication, demodulation,encapsulation and their application in the
structural health monitoring of bridges-Pacific Science Review,vol .5, 2003, pp .
116-121.
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