Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88).

2011 97

AT NC - NHAN VAT

LIET PHI NGUYEN TH KIM (1765-1804)

NGI AN BA BAT HANH
Nguyn Duy Chnh*
oc lch s thi ai Tay Sn chung ta thay co ba moi tnh kha noi
bat. Cuoc hon nhan c nhieu ngi chu y nhat va cung nhieu ngi khai
thac nhat la Nguyen Hue-Le Ngoc Han. Moi tnh trai tai gai sac nay a tr
thanh mot e tai e ca tung va theu det theo mau anh hung sanh vi thuyen
quyen, mac dau s ket hp cua hai ngi co the bao gom nhieu an y chnh
tr hay oi chac. Moi tnh th hai th mong hn. o la moi tnh cua mot
tieu th khue cac vi mot van nhan mang ch ln: Pham Thai va Trng
Quynh Nh, c biet en v a xuat hien trong mot tieu thuyet thi tien
chien, Tieu Sn trang s cua Khai Hng. V b ep duyen, Trng Quynh Nh
a t t chet khi tuoi con rat tre. Moi tnh Pham Thai-Quynh Nh c S
Cuong Le D thuat lai tng oi ky lng trong Pho Chieu thien s thi van
tap (Ha Noi: Nam ky, 1932, tr. 1-5).
Trong bai nay chung toi noi en mot moi tnh th ba, t ngi e y
hn. o la cuoc hon nhan bat hanh cua mot ong vua cuoi trao va mot vng
phi khon kho: Le Duy Ky [ten thuy Man e, nien hieu Chieu Thong] va
Nguyen Th Kim.
ai Nam chnh bien liet truyen [NCBLT] quyen XXIX [trang 9-10],
chep nh sau:
, , ,
, , , ,
:

,
Nguyen Th Kim, ngi Lng Tai, Bac Ninh, la cung nhan cua Le
Chieu Thong. au nam Ky Dau, Le chua cau vien quan Thanh lay lai nc,
b Tay Sn anh bai. Le chua chay sang Thanh, th khong theo kp nen
tron trong thon xa, khong ai hay biet. Nam Gia Long th 3 [1804], a
quan tai Le chua t Thanh tr ve en Bac thanh, th en e tang, khoc noi
vi ngi nha rang: Viec toi en ay la xong. Sau o uong thuoc oc t
t. Tong tran Nguyen Van Thanh cap cho tien bac, vai voc kham liem mai
tang roi tau len. Vua cho Bo Le ban nh, [Bo Le] xin ban cho bien ngach.
Vua sai quan Bac thanh dng bia a lang tren viet An trinh tuan tiet
Nguyen Th Kim.(1) Lai cap cho hai ngi coi mo va 20 mau t ien, bat
ngi ho Le trong coi th cung.
* California, Hoa Ky.
98 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011

Tong cong bao gom 9 dong 140 ch.

Trong pham vi han che cua NCBLT, nhng chi tiet o ch cho chung
ta mot hnh anh tng oi m nhat, tuy a la hau h oi vi nhng ngi
cua tien trieu. iem lai nhng sach v khac, chung ta co the biet c nhieu
hn ve v vng phi nay.
Tieu s
Tuy NCBLT ch chep Nguyen Th Kim la mot cung nhan [()
- Le Chieu Thong chi cung nhan da] nhng thc ra ba la chnh
that cua vua Chieu Thong. Trong s chung ta khong thay co mot ngi nao
khac ngoai ba v nay, ch biet rang Le Duy Ky lay Nguyen Th Kim khi
con la t ton [chau noi nhng se c truyen ngoi], en khi len lam vua th
thang len vng phi roi lai nh lap ba lam chnh hau.
Tuoi tre
Nguyen Th Kim (hau nhan goi la Liet phi) ngi lang Ty Ba, huyen
Lng Tai, tran Kinh Bac [nay la thon Ty Ba, xa Phu Hoa, huyen Gia
Lng, tnh Bac Ninh]. Theo bai th Ty Ba phu nhan tuan tiet hanh cua
Nguyen Huy Tuc, ba sinh nam At Dau [1765], tnh ra ln hn chong la Le
Duy Ky [1766-1793] mot tuoi.
Tuy khong co tai lieu nao noi ro nhng dng nh ba la chau cua thai
hau(2) (me vua Chieu Thong) va la em cua Phng Thai hau Nguyen Quoc
ong. Ca ba ngi cung que lang Ty Ba nen nhng ngi oi nghch a
em viec anh em ho lay nhau nay e de bu Le Duy Ky la sat thuc dam
muoi (giet chu lay em). Thc ra viec ba hoang thuc nha Le b giet la do
tranh chap quyen hanh t trc ch khong phai khi vua Le c quan
Thanh a ve Thang Long mi da the ngi ngoai an en oan tra nh
Hoang Le nhat thong ch a ba at. Du sao chang na, viec hon nhan cua
hai ngi [co the la con co, con cau hay chau co, chau cau] cung khong en
noi loan luan nh che o noi hon thi Tran. Viec vu cao ve thong dam, ve
bat hieu e hai ngi khac la nhng toi danh rat thng c s dung i
Le va au i Nguyen.
Nhap cung
Cung theo bai th cua Nguyen Huy Tuc, ba nhap cung nam 17 tuoi,
tnh ra la nam Tan Su [1781]. Tuy nhien, theo s sach, t nam Tan Mao
[1771] khi Thai t Le Duy V [con trai vua Hien Tong, cha cua vua Chieu
Thong] b Trnh Sam giet hai, v va ba con [anh em Le Duy Ky, Le Duy
Lu,(3) Le Duy Ch] eu b giam vao nguc, en nam Quy Mao [1783] mi c
tha. Cho nen sm lam cung phai nam nay hai ngi mi sanh duyen. Tnh
ra khi o Le Duy Ky a 18, Nguyen Th Kim 19 tuoi.
Nam Bnh Ngo [1786], vua Hien Tong mat, Le Duy Ky len noi ngoi
[tc vua Chieu Thong], th vng phi cung co thai sinh ra con trai au la Le
Duy Thuyen.
Theo li truyen, ngi ta goi ba la Hau Ty Ba (hoang hau ngi lang
Ty Ba). Khi trong cung, ba c menh danh la c Co [] ngha la
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011 99

ngi co c hanh. Ba la ngi c vua Chieu Thong yeu quy nhat trong
cung [ - sung quan hau nh], lai sinh ra nguyen t [con trai au
long cua nha vua nhng cha c phong thai t], vua Le cung a nh lap
ba lam hoang hau nhng cha kp th a phai bo chay khoi kinh thanh.(4)
Bon tau
Cuoi nam inh Mui [1787], tng Tay Sn la Vu Van Nham [Chng
Nham] em quan ra Bac giet cha con Nguyen Hu Chnh. Vua Chieu Thong
bo kinh o lu vong, cac em ong cung moi ngi mot nga, mot so quoc thch
th ho tong me, v va con nho chay len pha bac, trong khi ang b quan
Tay Sn truy kch.
Theo li khai cua nhom ngi nay vi quan quan nha Thanh, thang
Chap nam ay ho en c xa Bac Sn, huyen Vo Nhai [thuoc Thai Nguyen]
an tron o. Cung thi gian nay, vua Le chay len Lang Giang, c Trng
Phai hau Le Quynh [] em gia nhan va hng binh ho ve, tieng la ieu
binh khoi phuc nhng thc ra bon tau moi luc mot ni, khi th Ch Linh
(Hai Dng), khi th V Hoang (Nam nh). Khi biet tin gia nh, vua
Chieu Thong ben sai Le Quynh i cung vi Nguyen Quoc ong len Vo Nhai
e bao ve me, v va con.
Thang t nam Mau Than [1788], bon Le Quynh len en Vo Nhai th
b mot so tho muc nh bat gi gia quyen vua Le e lap cong vi quan Tay
Sn sap uoi en. oc tran Cao Bang la Nguyen Huy Tuc [] nghe biet
on gia quyen chay len Muc Ma [Cao Bang] nhng b quan Tay Sn uoi
theo, phan ln b giet. Ngay mong 4 thang Nam [7/6/1788], truy binh en
gan, phien muc Hoang ch Hieu lay thuyen a gia quyen vua Le xuoi dong
en ca Thuy Khau, giap vi Long Chau cua nha Thanh [la mot trong ba
ca thong sang Trung Hoa].
Ngay 12 [Bac hanh tung ky viet la mong 9] [15/6/1788], binh Tay Sn
uoi en, ho chia ra hai mat chong gi con gia quyen vua Le c a sang
mot con cat gia song Phat Me. Toi hom ay, quan Tay Sn vay lai, nhng
may la ma to gio ln nen nng theo anh chp ma loi c qua song sang
at nha Thanh.
Hom sau ho tm c nhau tam tru trong mot cai hang, an re cay
rng va xin c may cai bap ngo cua tho dan nhng mai may hom sau
na quan nha Thanh mi nghe bao nen sai ngi en tra hoi roi a tat
ca ve Long Chau.
Tom lai, viec gia quyen vua Le chay sang at Thanh la mot cuoc phieu
lu sinh t khi b quan Tay Sn uoi giet. T mot oan ngi hn 200 [cha
ke so binh lnh cua Nguyen Huy Tuc a en e bao ve], so ngi song sot
con c 62, tnh ra 4 ngi chet 3, gian nan hn bat c mot cuoc ao tau
nao ma chung ta co the hnh dung c.
Cung nen them rang s nc ta hau nh khong thay nhac en viec
vng phi, vng t cung chay sang Trung Hoa ma ch nhan manh vao viec
thai hau [me vua Chieu Thong] gao khoc xin cu vien.
100 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011

Cau vien
Khi biet c viec than quyen nha Le chay sang t nan, Tong oc
Lng Quang Ton S Ngh a tau len vua Can Long e tnh nguyen em
quan sang cu vien. Vua Thanh lay chieu bai t tieu ton vong, hng diet ke
tuyet [nuoi ke nho cho khoi mat, dng day ke a b diet, noi dong a t]
sai Tong oc Ton S Ngh, e oc Ha The Hanh va e oc O ai Kinh a
hai ao quan Lng Quang, Van-Quy sang anh Tay Sn.
Ch cha ay mot thang, quan Thanh t Lang Sn tien xuong lay lai
Thang Long. Ngay 22 thang Mi mot nam Mau Than [19/12/1788], Ton S
Ngh vao thanh tuyen oc sac phong Le Duy Ky lam An Nam quoc vng.
Vua Chieu Thong cho anh v la Nguyen Quoc ong sang Trung Hoa e on
gia quyen, than nhan.
Theo Kham nh An Nam ky lc, thai hau, vng phi, nguyen t... ve
en Thang Long ung vao toi ba mi Tet nam o [25/1/1789]:
Le Duy Ky sau khi tap phong lap tc sai boi than tien quan, on me va
quyen thuoc ve nc c Tuan phu Ton Vnh Thanh sai Tri phu Nam Ninh
Co Quy tren ng lo lieu moi viec. Ngay tr tch thang Chap en Le thanh,
nghe noi me con y tai b song gap nhau, cam kch thien an cua hoang thng,
tnh hnh va buon va vui, nhng ngi chng kien, ai cung cam ong.(5)
Tuy nhien, ch vai ngay sau, trong Tet Nguyen an, vua Quang Trung
keo quan ra anh tan quan Thanh trong mot chien thang that vang doi.
Ton S Ngh phai chay ve Quang Tay, cac tng lanh di quyen eu t
tran. Theo Kham nh Viet s thong giam cng muc, Chnh bien, quyen
XLVII (ban dch Vien S hoc, Ha Noi, Nxb Giao duc, 1998) th:
Bay gi, ng ni man tng, thnh lnh c tin quan giac (quan
Tay Sn) a tien sat Thang Long, S Ngh khong biet xoay tr ra sao, ben
nho on luy, vt qua song chay. Cau gay ngi chet vo so ke.
Bay gi nha vua (tc Le Chieu Thong) ang hoi kien vi Ton S Ngh
ni man tng, co tam ngi theo hau la Hoang ch Hieu (), Nguyen
Quoc ong (), Le Han (), Pham Nh Tung (), Nguyen Viet
Trieu (), Pham nh Thien (), Le Van Trng () va Le
Quy Thch () th cht c tin bai tran a en. S Ngh rut chay.
Nha vua cung ci nga cung i vi S Ngh len pha bac. Rieng Viet Trieu
cam cng nga i theo nha vua. Nha vua sai bon Hoang ch Hieu gap ve
noi ien, ho ve thai hau va nguyen t vt qua song. Hoang e Duy Chi(6)
() ho ve bon hoang phi va cung tan en ben song th cau gay, khong qua
song c, phai hng ve pha tay ma chay tron.(7)
Lu vong
Ve phan vua Chieu Thong, ong va mot so ngi than chay c qua
Trung Hoa, trong o co thai hau va nguyen t nhng vng phi b lac khong
theo kp. Khi nha Thanh chap nhan phong vng cho Nguyen Hue, vua toi
nha Le bat buoc phai nhap tch lam con dan Trung Hoa, that uoi sam, mac
y phuc noi a va b chia ra an thap nhieu ni.
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011 101

Theo s nha Thanh, luc au Le Duy Ky, me va con tong cong 54 ngi
cung ong toc la Le Duy An 10 ngi a sang Que Lam, Phan Khai Tch
5 ngi i Tam Chau, Be Nguyen Cung 53 ngi i Uat Lam, Be Nguyen
Doan 36 ngi i Tam Chau, inh Nha Hanh 24 ngi i Toan Chau, nhng
ngi khac i Bnh Lac, Lieu Chau moi ni mot t.(8)
en thang Chap nam Ky Dau, vua Can Long nghe tin Le Duy Ch [em
vua Chieu Thong] van con khi binh tai Cao Bang, Na L, Bao Lac nen
s neu e nhom Le Duy Ky Que Lam gan bien gii, hai ben co the lien
lac ong mu nen truyen cho Phuc Khang An a vua Chieu Thong va cac
nhom inh Nha Hanh, Phan Khai c, Nguyen nh Bai len kinh o, cho
vao ky binh ngi Han thanh mot ta lanh do vua Le ng au, ham tam
pham the tap.(9)
Ch co nhom Le Quynh [ma Phuc Khang An du qua sau nham triet tieu
nhng chong oi trong nc e cho vua Quang Trung an tam ma sang d
le Bat tuan van tho cua vua Can Long] nhat nh khong chu cat toc nen
eu b tong giam hn 10 nam sau mi c tha.
Vua Le va nhng ngi i theo cung nhieu lan van ong e nha Thanh
neu khong ep Tay Sn cat cho mot manh at Thai Nguyen, Cao Bang
lam cho dung than th cung cho ho ve ong Nai song trong vung at cua
chua Nguyen [Nguyen Anh]. Tuy nhien, Thanh trieu khong muon gay them
nhng rac roi mi trong chnh sach ngoai giao vi phien thuoc nen eu bo
qua khong ly en. Theo Kham nh Viet s, en thang Nam nam Nham Ty
[1792], nguyen t b benh mat. Nam sau, vua Le u uat qua i (16 thang
Mi nam Quy Su) [1793]. Nam Ky Mui [1799], thai hau cung t tran.(10)
An trinh thu tiet
Tet nam o khi oan ngi chay loan en Lng Tai th ngi a
ng b lac nen vng phi khong theo kp, phai an tron ni thon xom song
nh than thch, lam nghe det vai kiem an, khong dam ra ni thanh th.
Theo li chu thch cua Nguyen Huy Tuc trong Ty Ba phu nhan tuan tiet
hanh th Nguyen th an tai xa Vong La [] trong tnh Sn Tay. Mot so
tai lieu lai viet rang ba i tu tai mot ngoi chua que nha.
Ba song lan lut nh the t nam Ky Dau [1789] en nam Nham Tuat
[1802] la nam nha Tay Sn b diet, tnh ra gan 14 nam tri. Khi nghe tin
vua Chieu Thong va nguyen t qua i Bac Kinh, ba nhieu lan cho ngi
len Nam Quan do xet h thc, lai tnh ng ch than i qua Tau e do
tm tung tch vua Le. Khi c tin ch xac Le hoang a qua i, ba nhieu
lan toan lay cai chet e xuong suoi vang gap chong nhng co ngi khuyen
la nen ch moi viec sap xep xong hay tnh lai cung cha muon.
Nam Nham Tuat [1802], khi nha Tay Sn b diet, cac di than nha
Le xin vua Gia Long cho em di the vua Le, thai hau, nguyen t va nhng
ngi i theo a chet Trung Hoa ve nc.
Ngay 24 thang Ba nam nay [tc nam Giap Ty, 1804], Doan Hu [tc Le
Quynh] lay ao mao cua mnh [trieu phuc nha Le, Le Quynh mang theo khi
102 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011

sang Trung Hoa, nay a rach bm] liem di cot quoc mau va nguyen t vua
Le, cung cac ngi nha ve theo vua Le lu vong ln nho cong 18 co quan tai.
...Thang 7, Doan Hu cung cac toan ngi ke tren ve en ca Nam-
quan, roi vao tran Lang-sn. Doan Hu at Hng an cung le vua Le
ngoai thanh. Quan Hiep tran Lang-sn la Nguyen-duy-Than (ngi lang
Hng-la, o Tien-s) cung cac cu than nha Le va cac Phien tu eu ti khoc
trc linh-cu vua Le.(11)
Khi nghe tin quan tai vua Le c a ve nc, ba len tan Nam Quan
on roi t o tuyet thc, moi ngay ch uong vai chen nc cm cam hi, ke
can ben linh cu. Ngay 23 thang Chn nam Giap Ty [1804], linh cu ve en
Thang Long, a vao nha cua Dien T cong [] Le Duy Hoan [la con
cua Le Duy Ch] e te. T hom o moi ngay hoang phi ch nhai vai long ma.
Ngoai s ke rang ngay 20 thang Mi, khi oi ao quan cho vua Le th thay
trai tim [nguyen van la tam mieu ] van con ti nh khi Bac Kinh.(12)
Hoang phi Nguyen Th Kim uong thuoc oc t t.(13) Sau khi Liet phi qua
i, cac bay toi cu cua nha Le - ke ca nhng ngi a tng cong tac vi Tay
Sn - a e lai nhieu van th ca tung
Cac quan Bac thanh co vieng oi cau oi:
,
,
Ngu bat tuan chuc a ton than, thien co luan thng chieu vu tru.
Thap luc tai di phu mot t, nhat xoang ngha liet ap quan vng.
Tam dch:
Bon mi tuoi(14) bo than ve at, mai mai luan thng soi vu tru.
Mi sau nam xa chong con chet, mot long ngha liet bao quan vng.
Ve cuoc i cua ba, Nguyen Huy Tuc co soan mot bai van nhan e Tieu
cung tuan tiet hanh () nguyen van nh sau:(15)
















Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011 103

104 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011

Phien am
Thuan An Lng Tai lai Thien c. Co nhan menh ap hieu Ty Ba.
Ty ba co khuc tri ha y. ai e yet b mao nh hoa.
Anh hoa tat tat tuy tram anh. Canh Hng At Dau giai th tiet.
Vong mon an duc n trung hao. Ngon hanh cong dung vo iem khuyet.
Viet tong thap that nhap thanh cung. Tai ang Bnh Ngo mong trnh hung.
Nhat cao anh chieu thien an trong. Hai nhuan tinh huy phuc kh nung.
inh V xng quyet Tay Sn tac. Quyen a phong tran kinh bat trac.
Vu bao tuy loan xuat phng thanh. Ng lam tinh tan trng an bac.
Lac hoang that ma van phong hoan. Biet can t man Vu Nhai san.
Tng quan la miet bi du hiem. Quach chat bo t kho nai han.
Vien kieu vong long am tch mch. Nhan nh khap huy le lan can.
Hot nhien ha x uyen uyen co. Cao Bang khon tng bai nghenh loan.
Gia hoi Muc Ma tam hu yet. Ng chu tuy tien Phat Me quan.
Tac binh van tn lai truy niep. Tien lac hoa phi phong nhan tiep.
So chu yeu truc qua nguy than. ang phuc ien khuynh hoan li thiep.
Duyen nhai phan moc thng cao ien. Vu a chng trong sac me thien.
Tho nhan dung dc tien o tong. Sn chuy ky khu tieu knh xuyen.
Lo tan hu san, san hu ong. ong trung hng tnh thuy thanh lien.
Tng lai th ong ha nien tac. Tao tri kim nhat hu than tien.
Tuyen thuy san chi tng o nhat. O e hoa lac lieu sau uat.
Tn thong noi a phan thng ty. Tng mon can do thanh cat khuat.
Thng ty hoa toc bat d thai. Tong ao Long Chau quyen tru tat.
Cung nhu pham vat ky phong doanh. Thu ho binh inh vu than mat.
Phu ai toan phai tien Nam Ninh. Noi ngoai trang nghiem xng l nh.
Nam bac tan toan kinh ky o. Bat tang tao th thac nghi hnh.
Duy tha t huan nghiem quy pham. T th tieu cung le o minh.
Viet tong thng quoc duan lai vien. Van ly khai ca van tiep tn.
Thuy hoa tien trng ch nam hoan. Thng uyen xuan dung co cung ien.
Hu cam nhac co tau tan thanh. Ung thuy khan hoa thu phong nguyen.
Vo oan ngc diem canh phan khung. u h h u phien thu bien.
Van be cap ung luc long quy. Thieu hai t cung tr khan tuy.
e hue chuyen nhan thanh tng thac. Long trch giao me kha phan phi.
Mch ieu tay thng cng la quan. U oc nhat phng trang duc oan.
M Chau ngu thao khi vo th. Ha kho lu ly khong nac oan.
Thuy van ha nh cu vi yen. L thanh tai tao tai di bien.
Thng quoc ong bao tu kch nhat. Quan vng thng phu ngoa tan nien.
Gia s hung tai u phuc xa. Nang vo di han nhat thien quyen.
ai phu Quy Su nang nhiem tuyet. e s nghi tn van truyen thuyet.
Khi ky dan vong cu quan tham. Th mu khung truy Tay Sn trch.
Han hoang hng van menh canh tan. Phong s lai th ng diec van.
Nhc ba lien thanh tien toai lieu. V tat hng hon ban t van.
Nhat thap luc nien hoi trnh trong. Khang khinh Ton muoi Han giang than.
Hoi s nhat nh bao huynh e. Trc lai bac tac khau nguyen nhan.
Noi au the ao tam lang s. Tien tng tnh menh uy la can.
Tong co doanh sanh lao tha kho. Thuy tri mu t canh gian tan.
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011 105

C y thien ky tng xao thau. Te than ho tat tien e tau.

ai Thanh hoang e chuan nam hoan. T phung giap t trung thu hau.
S van hoang c tien than nghenh. Thng xan on giam hoa dung sau.
ieu ieu chu tiep o lo giang. Kieu tan sanh dong nhap t ng.
S th ngng sau chiem lo bo. Than lieu thc le hien quynh thng.
Khue trung huong v mieu nan tan. Bac tng le vat can hng thang.
Khai han nhat o quan bao dang. Liem nham ngng mau bai thng sang.
Trng ly hoi than t n chu. Cam tng cham oc oc can trang.
Thuyet nao hoang thieu giai hai d. Nghien van tnh th diec t thng.
Hong cam thanh phu vinh phung phu. Diem t kh cu tong xng dng.
Dieu tai nhat t cau nhi ac. T ac thanh danh van co hng.
E b xuan khue nh ngoc hao. Mo vu trieu van vo tuc ao.
Hoang kim hoanh ai vi ha nhan. Siem m bnh sanh t gian giao.
Nhat trieu the bien chung c di. Bai lo hien du nh co sao.
Tuy trung nhat xng giac han tam. Lanh x gia tien ng ien mao.
C hoi phan ai bat cao hnh. Quai ac c hoang b khe giao.
Thng b ba thi cu ai cat. Bang ke tng lnh truc sanh ban.
Ky hu co nhan hanh s dch. C vo kim nhat ac ky nan.
Ban dch sau ay trch trong Hoang Le nhat thong ch (Ban dch cua
Nguyen c Van, Kieu Thu Hoach, Ha Noi, Nxb Van hoc, 2002) t trang
425 en 430 (cac cc chu trong bai eu lay t cuon sach nay).
at Thuan An canh song Thien c,(16)
Ngi i xa goi ap Ty Ba.
Khuc ty mn y at ra,
Tri sinh ngi ep sanh hoa ai-e(17)
Kh ti tot nhom ve khue tu,
Nam Canh Hng At-Dau (1765) mng sao,
Nha sang sinh bac n hao,
Cong, dung, ngon, hanh ve nao kem au.
Tuoi mi bay ken vao cung khuyet,
Bnh Ngo (1786) lien sm biet iem hung(18)
n tren cao ca muon trung,
m nhuan ma moc phuc hong cha chan,
Nam inh V (1787) Tay Sn khi bien.
Canh phong tran cht en khon lng.
Ngoai thanh giong ruoi xe hng,
Quan hau tan tac, bang hoang ben song.
Vo nga lac van phong may o,
Theo t vi(19) en Vo Nhai sn.
Quan hong lan an nui ngan
Lieu bo phai chu muon van long ong,
Xa trong i tin rong vang bat,
Chon nhan nh nc mat cha chan.
Bong au tieng trong noi ran,
Tng Cao Bang rc xe loan len ng.
Ti Muc Ma voi vang ngh lai,
106 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011

Thuyen vua giong len ai Phat Me.

ch nghe tin, kp uoi ke,
Ten bay an lac bon be roi ren.
Be mot mang qua phen kinh hai,
Bao hiem ngheo roi lai bnh yen.
Vin cay giam a treo len,
Ma mu lam chng ay tren mot tri.
Dan s tai chao mi, a dat,
Gap ghenh theo loi tat ng ngang.
Het ng, ti nui, vao hang,
Gieng thm trong suot, nc ang dat dao.
Biet ong ay thu nao ao uc?
Ma hom nay hng phuc than tien!
Nc ngan rau nui cung yen,
Chim keu, hoa rung, noi buon tam khuay.
Trong noi a(20) tin au bay en,
Quan tren lien sai khien ngi sang.
Trc sau can van to tng,
Long Chau tam on doc ng ngh chan.
Cap pham vat moi phan tm tat,
Lnh a ng can mat, tan tnh.
Roi cho en Nam Ninh,
Ca nha rong rai quan nh nghiem trang.
Du Nam, Bac, oi ng chua xot,
Le nghi thng cha chut n sai,
Mot niem t huan vang li,
Tieu phong(21) gi le trong ngoai phan minh.
Nh thng quoc e binh cu vien,
Muon dam xa a en tin vui,
Ve Nam c quat rp tri,
Vn xa ien cu sang ngi ve xuan.
Tieng an, trong muon phan ron ra,
Canh co hoa thoa da lau nay.
Nao ng va gio tai bay,
Buon vui choc lat oi thay khon lng
Tren ng gia voi vang ra ai,
T vi va chau dai cung i.
Nao long thay luc biet ly,
Bong dng ke ngi i ra ri.
Sang pha tay tm ni lan tranh,
Canh ch v, co quanh, au thng.
My, Ngu xa cung mot phng,(22)
Ai lam nen noi dam ng gian truan.
Xa nha Ha co lan suy bai,
Mot l, thanh day lai c o.
Giao gm thng quoc gium cho,
Nam gai nem mat vua lo u ieu.
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011 107

V xa tac co nhieu ngi gioi,

Phan thuyen quyen au phai gian nan.
Khoang nam Quy Su [1793] on sang,
Chau tri tin ay bang hoang mot phen.(23)
Ngh v le dan en mong moi,
Nen Tay Sn kia noi sai ngoa,
en khi van m nc nha,
S than sang, mi biet la khong sai.
V ngoc nat, ve ni chn suoi,
Hng hon khon ban vi tien quan.(24)
Mi sau nam, biet may lan,
Rap theo Ton muoi lam than chet chm.(25)
Khien gia thuoc do tm may o,
Len ai quan hoi ro nguyen nhan.
The sang ti mo co quan,
Quyet lieu tnh menh vi khan lua la.
Song la kho, xa a co biet,
Nao hay au muon chet cung gay.
C tri sao kheo van xoay,
Quan tren a lay viec nay tau len.
Cho ve nc, vua lien co ch,
Tiet Trung thu, Giap Ty [1804] va qua.
Voi vang len on linh xa,
Chao cm bieng nuot, mat hoa vo vang.
Thuyen ung nh Lo Giang qua ben,
Kieu toan che, rc en t ng.
Than lieu dang chen quynh tng,
Trong len, tram ho oi hang le sa.
Tnh khue phu that la kho ve,
Ra nc thm lam le goi la.
M quan, cui mat nhn qua,
Chap tay vai lay le nhoa hai mi.
Cam thuoc oc tham th t ta
Lui vao man uong ca mot hi,
Tre gia ai nay rung ri,
Trieu nh nghe tieng boi hoi tiec thng.
Ban gam voc bac vang phung vieng,
Bao van th len tieng ngi khen.
Khen thay! mot chet ph nguyen,
Thm tho muon thu con thuyen thanh danh,
Ka khue cac ngoc lanh hiem co,
Sa chi luong mo vu trieu van.(26)
ai vang no a nnh than,
Mot i ton hot lam than gian ta.
Kp en luc sn ha bien oi,
Trc quan thu quy goi, chap tay.
Lanh long khi oc th nay,
108 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011

Khac nao roi quat, mat day may e.

Than khue cac giup be Tiet giao,
Mat phan son phu ao Cao hnh.(27)
So th Cu, Cat a anh,(28)
Truc Tng van ep lu danh muon i.(29)
Ngi xa lam viec de roi.
Nay lam viec kho khong ngi o sao?(30)
Vua T c co th trong Viet s ng che tong vnh nh sau:
Nguyen van




Phien am
Ky ch thong mang thong mac truy,
Thoa ien kinh bo cu me ly.
Trieu trieu tuyet lap trieu quy tan,
Nhat tran ty sng canh d tuy.
Dch th
Lat at khong theo kp vo cau,
Am nong tnh ngha bong xa nhau.
Nhn an bo uong ch than chua,
Ty sng mot chen cung i sau.
Ket luan
Tnh ra t cuoi nam inh Mui [1787] khi hoang phi 21 tuoi cho en
nam Giap Ty [1804] la nam ba qua i (39 tuoi), hai v chong Le Duy Ky-
Nguyen Th Kim ch c canh nhau ung 4 ngay [30 thang Chap nam
Mau Than en sang mong 5 thang Gieng nam Ky Dau]. Tuy nhien, du hoan
canh phai chia la, hai ngi van gi c tron tnh tron ngha.
Thang Chn nam Canh Tuat (1790), vua Can Long ngh thng tnh
Le Duy Ky song co oc kinh o, v con lu lac que nha nen co cho phep
ong tm trong so nhng ngi an ba i theo lay mot, hai ngi lam v ke
nhng ong tau len la nhng ngi i theo ong cung b that lac than nhan,
trong canh hoan nan, khong n nao vui sng mot mnh.(31)
Vua Quang Trung cung tuan theo yeu cau cua nha Thanh cho ngi i
tm than quyen vua Le nhng ch kiem c mot co em gai, khong a c
hoang phi sang oan tu.
Tuy van chng nhac en oi uyen ng vng gia ay eu dung nhng
t quyen quy, tng nh canh lau vang ien ngoc nhng thc te bi at hn
nhieu. Cuoc i hai ngi - neu khong lam vao canh tu ay th cung b san
uoi - song lan lut long ong vat va ni thon xom. ieu an ui sau cung cua
vua Le va vng phi ho Nguyen co le la viec c mai tang ben canh nhau
lang Bo Ve, tnh Thanh Hoa.
NDC
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011 109

CHU THCH
(1) Trong Ng che tong vnh th chep la An trinh tuan ngha [].
(2) Theo li khai khi sang at Thanh th me vua Chieu Thong ten la Nguyen Th Ngoc To con
vng phi ten la Nguyen Th Ngoc Thuy [Kham nh An Nam ky lc, q. I]. ay la nhng ten
ch, co the at cho hay, con s nc ta eu goi ten ba la Nguyen Th Kim.
(3) Ch nay bo Ky [] + Do [], theo cu Hoang Xuan Han phai oc la Lu. Nhieu sach chep
nham bo Y [] + Do [] nen oc thanh Tu [].
(4) Vu Huy Tan [], Hoa nguyen tuy bo tap [], YHVH, q. 6/340.
(5) Kham nh An Nam ky lc, quyen 12, tr. 23-4.
(6) ung ra phai oc la Ch.
(7) Kham nh Viet s thong giam cng muc, quyen XLVII, tap II, (1998), tr. 847-8.
(8) Trang Cat Phat, Thanh Cao Tong thap toan vo cong nghien cu (ai Bac: Co cung tung san,
1982), tr. 390.
(9) Trang Cat Phat, sd, tr. 396.
(10) Kham nh Viet s thong giam cng muc, tap II, ban dch cua Vien S hoc, Ha Noi, Nxb
Giao duc, 1998, tr. 853.
(11) Phan Thuc Trc, Quoc s di bien, Hong Lien Le Xuan Giao dch, Sai Gon, Phu Quoc vu
khanh ac trach van hoa, 1973, tr. 140-1.
(12) Kham nh Viet s thong giam cng muc, quyen 47, Hoang Le nhat thong ch, hoi 17.
(13) ai Nam thc luc chnh bien, e nhat ky, quyen 27, Kham nh Viet s thong giam cng
muc, quyen 47.
(14) Ngu bat tuan: 5 tuan, moi tuan 8 nam (5x8=40).
(15) Ve nguyen van bai nay, chung toi su tam c ba ban, ban th nhat nhan e Ty Ba phu
nhan tuan tiet hanh (), trch trong Nam thien trung ngha thc luc (),
phan ve th van va tieu s Nguyen Huy Tuc. Ban th hai nhan e Tieu cung tuan tiet hanh
trong Quoc s di bien cua Phan Thuc Trc (Hng Cang Trung Van ai hoc, 1965) trang
43-4. Ban th ba phu theo Hoang Le nhat thong ch (la ban chung toi trch lai ni bai nay)
cuoi hoi 70 (ban cua Ecole Franaise dExtreme-Orient, do Chan Hing-ho [Tran Khanh Hao]
bien tap, Paris-Taipei 1986). Ba ban co mot so khac biet.
(16) Tc song uong.
(17) Ten mot khuc ca trong Co nhac phu, ca ngi ngi con gai ep nh hoa. ay e ch ngi
con gai ep.
(18) iem con gau; th T can, Kinh Thi noi nam mong thay con bi con hung (gau) la iem sinh
con trai.
(19) Ch me vua.
(20) Ch Trung Quoc.
(21) Phong cua cung phi co trat ho tieu vao vach cho am; ay ch v vua.
(22) M Chau, v Trong Thuy; Ngu C, v Hang Vo; ca hai ngi con gai eu chet trong canh
loan lac, roi M Chau hoa thanh vien ngoc, Ngu C hoa thanh co thm.
(23) Ch vao tin Chieu Thong chet.
(24) Hai cau nay y noi, neu hoang phi chet trc i th hng hon khong c lam ban vi vua
Le, luc o thi hai con Trung Quoc.
(25) Ton muoi tc em gai Ton Quyen va la v Lu B i Tam quoc. Ton muoi b anh bat ve ben
Giang ong; luc Lu B anh Giang ong b hai, co tin on Lu B a chet, Ton muoi ben
nhay xuong song t t. ay y noi hoan canh cha cho phep Le hoang phi chet c nh
Ton muoi.
(26) Mo vu trieu van co ngha la chieu ma sm may. Nguyen tch S Tng Vng i chi
Van Mong, nam m thay mot than n chung chan goi vi mnh, khi t biet co noi rang: Nha
110 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 5 (88). 2011

thiep pha nam non Vu, sm lam may chieu lam ma... Sau ngi ta thng dung ch may
ma e ch viec trai gai giao hoan. ay y noi khong thiet g en chuyen ai an na.
(27) Tiet giao, Cao hnh la viec giao duc cua ong Tiet va viec hnh an cua ong Cao Dao; hai ong
nay eu la nhng danh than mau mc i vua Thuan.
(28) Th Cu moc va th Cat am trong Kinh Thi, noi dung eu ca ngi cac ba hau phi nha Chu.
(29) Tng truyen vua Thuan chet nui Thng Ngo, hai v la Nga Hoang va N Anh en vieng,
khoc loc the tham, nc mat tham vao cac khom truc xung quanh, thanh ra cac cay truc
co van rat ep. Tuc goi la truc Tng phi hoac truc Tng. Sau hai ba nhay xuong song
Tng e chet theo chong.
(30) Hai cau nay y noi, chet ngay theo chong nh hai ba v vua Thuan xa a lam, la mot viec
de; con chu ng au kho trong mot thi gian dai roi mi chet theo chong nh ba Le hoang
phi, la viec kho.
(31) Nguyen van:
..., , ,
, ,
, ...Tien nhan Le Duy Ky
that quoc noi au, niem ky to tong the thu, phien phong chc cong bach hu d nien bat
nhan ch lenh phe tuyet. Th d giang ch gia an, lenh ky lai kinh bien nhap Han quan the tap
ta lanh. Kim Le Duy Ky ao kinh cung chc hau pha thuoc can than thu phap, nhan niem
y the v tang tuy ong tien quan, lenh tuy ong n t trung khieu trach nhat nh nhan d vi
trac that. Nhi Le Duy Ky d ngan tuy thuoc ha nhan ang the no [noa] cau d tan that, y bat
nhan nhat nhan oc hu gia that...
Thng du ngay Quy Mui, thang Chn nam Can Long th 55. Thanh thc luc, q. 1.362 (tr. 263).
Le Duy Ky cung tau them ngoai v ra hien con mot ngi em trai la Le Duy Ch va mot co em
gai, ba ngi lu lac khong biet trong hai nam qua song chet the nao. Thai o cua Le Duy
Ky a khien cho vua Cao Tong cam ong nen a yeu cau Nguyen Hue phai tm gia quyen
nha Le a sang Trung Hoa oan tu.
TOM TAT
Vng phi Nguyen Th Kim la v cua vua Le Chieu Thong. Ba la ngi noi tieng c hanh
lai sinh c con trai au long nen vua Chieu Thong yeu quy nhat trong cung. Trong cuoc chien
nam Ky Dau (1789), v khong theo kp vua Chieu Thong trong cuoc bon ao sang Trung Hoa, ba
anh tron ve an nau ni thon xom. Mai en nam 1804, khi vua nha Thanh cho a linh cu chong
con mnh ve nc, ba len on tan ai Nam Quan, roi theo ve lam le tai Ha Noi. Xong ba uong thuoc
oc t t. Vua Gia Long thng tiec cho dng bia tng niem va ban cap t ien e th cung. Cac
bay toi cu cua nha Le cung sang tac nhieu th van ca ngi.

ABSTRACT
IMPERIAL CONCUBINE NGUYEN TH KIM (1765-1804), AN UNFORTUNATE LADY
Imperial concubine Nguyen Th Kim was one of King Le Chieu Thongs wives. It was
her well-known virtue and her first-born child, who was a boy, that she gained King Le Chieu
Thongs most favour in his inner palace. During the war year of the Rooster (1789), because
the she did not keep pace with Chieu Thong on the way of fleeing to China, she escaped to the
an isolated hamlet. It was not until 1804, when the Qing Emperor had her husbands and sons
coffins returned home, she went to Nam Quan pass, then accompany the coffin convoy to Ha Noi
to hold funeral ceremonies. Then she committed suicide with poison. Deeply regretting for her
death, Emperor Gia Long had a memorial stele set up and awarded land grants to worship her.
The old officials of the Le dynasty also composed poetry to praise her.