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  • Skeletal System (Bones)

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    Erica Bobadilla
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    The document describes the main components and functions of the human skeletal system. It outlines the various bones grouped into axial (skull, vertebral column, ribs) and appendicular (upper and lower extremities attached by shoulder and pelvic girdles) bones. The bones are composed of cartilage and bone tissue and form through two processes - intramembranous and endochondral ossification. There are differences in male and female pelvic anatomy related to birthing capabilities. The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement and mineral storage for the body.

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    The document describes the main components and functions of the human skeletal system. It outlines the various bones grouped into axial (skull, vertebral column, ribs) and appendicular (upper and lower extremities attached by shoulder and pelvic girdles) bones. The bones are composed of cartilage and bone tissue and form through two processes - intramembranous and endochondral ossification. There are differences in male and female pelvic anatomy related to birthing capabilities. The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement and mineral storage for the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    6 views5 pages

    Skeletal System (Bones)

    Uploaded by

    Erica Bobadilla
    The document describes the main components and functions of the human skeletal system. It outlines the various bones grouped into axial (skull, vertebral column, ribs) and appendicular (upper and lower extremities attached by shoulder and pelvic girdles) bones. The bones are composed of cartilage and bone tissue and form through two processes - intramembranous and endochondral ossification. There are differences in male and female pelvic anatomy related to birthing capabilities. The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement and mineral storage for the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Lower Extremity Bones Upper Extremity Bones

    Vertebral Column Sacrum


    Pectoral Girdle: Scapula Pectoral Girdle: Clavicle
    Skeletal System

    A. FUNCTIONS  Clavicle: Colar Bone


     Scapula: Shoulder Blades
     It provides supporting frameworks of body
     It protects some viscera, brain, spinal cord, sense APPENDICULAR: Upper Extremities
    organs, and the hemopoeitic system
     Humerus, Radius, Ulna
     It provides lever for muscle
     Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
     It is Hemopoesis
     It has storage of mineral like calcium and phosphorus APPENDICULAR: Pelvic Girdle (Coxae)
    B. COMPOSITION: Cartilage & Bone  Ilium, Ilia Crest, Ischum, Pubis, Accetabulum
    FORMATION: APPENDICULAR: Lower Extremities
    1. Intramembranous ossification  Femur: Longest Bone
    fibrous membranes of some part of fetal skeleton are  Patella: Knee Cap
    converted to bone.  Tibia: Thicker
     Fibula: Thinner
    Ex. Some skull bone, clavicle, and lower jaw  Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
    2. Endochondral ossification D. JOINTS
    - conversion of cartilage into bone. E. COMPARISON OF MALE AND FEMALE
    SKELETON
    Ex. Most bones of the skeletal system
    1. The male skeleton is larger and heavier than female
    C. DIVISIONS skeleton
    2. The male pelvis is deep and funnel shaped with narrow
    AXIAL: Hyoid Bone
    public arch; female with wider and flaring pubic arch,
    AXIAL: Skull female pelvis is shallow and broad.

     Cranial Bones: Temporal, Parietal, Occipital, Frontal, F. GAIT – manner of walking


    Ethmoid, Sphenoid
    G. TYPES OF BONES
     Facial Bones: Zygomatic Bone, Nasal Bone, Maxilla,
    Mandible  Short: Short bones are designated as those bones
    that are as wide as they are long. Their primary
    AXIAL: Vertebral Column
    function is to provide support and stability with little
     Cervical: C1-Atlas & C2-Axis to no movement (Carpals & Tarsals).
     Thoracic: Th1-Th12  Long: Long bones are hard, dense bones that provide
     Lumbar: L1-L5 strength, structure, and mobility.
     Sacrum  Flat: These bones are expanded into broad, flat
     Coccyx: Tail Bone plates, as in the cranium (skull), the ilium (pelvis),
    sternum and the rib cage, Scapula.
    AXIAL: Ribs  Irregular: Varies in shape & structure (Atlas, Axis,
     Sternum: Breast Bone Hyoid, Zygomatic).
     True Ribs: R1-R7  Sesamoid: A small independent bone or bony nodule
     False Ribs: R8-R12 (Attached to sternum by Coastal developed in a tendon where it passes over an
    Cartilage) angular structure, typically in the hands and feet. The
     Floating Ribs: R11-R12 kneecap is a particularly large sesamoid bone.

    APPENDICULAR: Pectoral Girdle

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