Primary Sources vs.
Secondary Sources
Name:
Categories
Memoirs of a General by Santiago Alvarez a.k.a.
Born on July 25, 1872 in Cavite. Then he died on
Author’s Background October 30, 1930 at San Pablo, Laguna
Objective’s of the Author
Primary Sources
Gen Apoy
- He was 58 years old when he died, he
died of paralysis in Manila City and was
buried at the North cemetery
- Was a son of the revolutionary leader
Mariano Alvarez.
- He became Captain General of the
Magdiwang forces and fought with
distinction against Spain in the battles
of 1896-1807
- He was a revolutionary general a
founder and honorary president of the
first directorate of the Nationalista Party
also known as “KIDLAT NG APOY”
(LIGHTING OF FIRE).
- He was rejoiced in the present-day
Cavite City as the “Hero” of the Battle of
Dalahican.
- He was a member of the Katipunan
Secret Society.
- Santiago Alvarez focus and further explain what
happened in the said election made by the two
factions magdiwag and magdalo in Tejeros
Ratings:
Secondary Sources
Revolt of the Masses by Teodoro Agoncillo
Born on November 9, 1912 in Lemery, Batangas.
Then he died on January 14, 1985 at San Pablo,
Laguna
- He renowned as Filipino historian and
national scientist.
- He wrote more than 20 books and a lot more
articles about the history of the Philippines.
- He was one of the “Ten Outstanding Young
Men (TOYM)”, of the Junior Chamber of the
Philippines in 1963.
- He was conferred as a National Scientist in
1985.
- He was “Distinguished Scholar of the
University of the Philippines” in 1968
- Teodoro Agoncillo indicates the events before
Tejeros convention. It was mention the dates,
 convention. It is detailed and mentioned the
delagations of the person involved that only
happens the day of the election.
- Memoirs of a General by Santiago Alvarez was
Date written or Published published in the year 1992 at Loyola Heights,
Quezon City; Ateneo de Manila Press.
- March 25, 1897 , the assembly at Tejeros was
Mention of dates finally recognized wherein the two councils,
Magdiwag and Magdalo, discuced on how they
would govern the revolution as one.
- March 27, 1897, it was revealed that a meeting
was held at the Tanza parish house and that the
Supremo’s decision regarding the election that
undertook at the friar estate house was not
respected and was disregarded.
- Tejeros
Mention of places - Cavite
- San Francisco de Malabon
- Parish house of the catholic church at Tanza
- Andres, Antonio Montenegro, Trinidad Alonzo,
Key Personalities Josephine Bracken, Ariston Villanueva, Daniel
Tirona Maj. Damaso Fojas, Gen. Artemio
Recarte, Diego Mojica, Emilio Aguinaldo,
Mariano Trias, Mariano Alvarez, Baldomero
Aguinaldo, Bonifacio, Santiago V. Alvarez,
Severino de las Alas, Emiliano R. de Dios, Jose
Del Rosario, Jacinto Lumbreras, Mariano C. Trias
and Fr. Cenon Villafranca.
battle and the important events that was different
in Alvarez knowledge.
- In our handouts Revolt of the Masses by Teodoro
Agoncillo was published year 2002. But in other
source like in the internet it was written 1947 and
was published in 1956.
- January 1897, while the rebels was celebrating
during the town fiesta in San Francisco de
Malabon, they got distressed due to the series of
rifle shots heard, thus, resulting into them
scurrying to safety.
- January 2, 1897, Bonifacio wrote form San
Francisco de Malabon to his uncle in law Mariano
Alvarez because he was being skeptical of his very
little influence with the Magdalo area.
- March 22, 1897, the battle enraged and assembly
came together in Tejeros during Aguinaldo’s
birthday.
- Cavite
- Batangas
- Nasugbu
- Andres Bonifacio, Daniel Tirona, Santiago V.
Alvarez, Mariano Trias, Mariano Alvarez, Severino
de las Alas, Antonio Montenegro, Trinidad Alonzo,
Josephine Bracken, Ariston Villanueva, Daniel
Tirona Maj. Damaso Fojas, Gen. Artemio Recarte,
Diego Mojica, Emilio Aguinaldo, Baldomero
Aguinaldo, Emiliano R. de Dios, Jose Del Rosario,
Ariston Villanueva, Jose Del Rosario, Jacinto
Lumbreras, Mariano C. Trias
 1. On March 25, 1897, the assembly at Tejeros was
Sequencing of events convened. The assembly’s main topic is to
bolster the defenses in the arias still under
Magdiwag control is for the election of
president, vice president, minister of finance,
minister of welfare, minister of justice, and
captain general.
2. Several discussions happens before the election
of officers begun. This was led by Andress
Bonifacio. Supremo Bonifacio appointed general
, Artemio Ricarte as secretary. Diego Mojica,
warned the Supremo that many ballots
distributed were already filled out and the
voters had not done this themselves. Supremo
ignored this.
3. Emilo Aguinaldo won over Andres Bonifacio and
Andres Bonifacio suggested by Mr. Severino to
be the vice president since he got the second
highest of votes. Since no one agreed nor
disagreed, Supremo Bonifacio, ruled that the
election to be continued.
4. Officers from the vice president to the lowest
position was elected Andres Bonifacio was
elected as secretary of the interior, but Daniel
Tirona requested for restoration of order against
Andres Bonifacio.
5. Tirona ignored Bonifacio, he slid away and got
lost in the crowd. People began to dispersed and
the Supremo adjourned the meeting.
6. Baldomero Aguinaldo, convinced the magdiwag
leaders to reconvene the disrupted meeting the
following day.
7. On the request of the magdalo press Baldomero
Aguinaldo a meeting was called at the same friar
1. In the flush of rebel victory climaxing the
simultaneous attacks joins the Spanish garrison
and convent followed by the dismal failure of the
governor general blaco to smush the insurgent
power, the katipuban of Cavite divided into two
factions. Magdiwag and the Magdalo.
2. The Magdiwag proceeding with its election
independently of the magdalo chose the following
men to administer the government. The Magdalo
elected people to take the reins of its government.
3. Both factions agreed to make their respective
armies ware the same uniform.
4. When Cavite, led by its rival factions, successfully
rose in revolt, the leaders fell into disputes arising
from the desire to lord other. The magdiwag
factions believes that as the initiator of the
revolution in Cavite it had the priority to rule. The
magdalo men refused to cooperate with it. They
believe that most of the victories in the while
territory were by their leaders.
5. There were 3 invitations sent to Bonifacio the 3rd
invitation written by Artemio Ricarte upon the
instruction of Mariano Alvarez, Bonifacio finally
accede the invitation with his wife and 2 brothers.
6. Bonifacio was brought by the rebel leader to the
house of Juan Castaneda in Imus in which he was
visited by personnel. And seeing Fernandez, made
him recall the battle at San Juan to which
Fernandez to win the battle but he didn’t.
7. Due to so many misunderstanding the leaders of
both factions decided to call a convention or
assembly at Imus.
8. There were misunderstanding before the assembly
opened with Bonifacio as chairman. Suspicions and
 estate house in terejos. Santiago Alvarez,
Artemio Ricarte etc. waited until.
8. That afternoon, but none of the magdalo
members came. The same night it was rumored
that the magdalo leaders were currently holding
Their own meeting at the parish house in Tanza.
9. The next morning, eyewitnesses that, indeed, a
meeting had taken place. Those elected at the
Tejeros convention knelt before crucifix and in
the name of the Holy Father, the highest pontiff
of the Roman Catholic Church. Supremo
Bonifacio was not invited although he was the
one of the elected to office.
Differences between the - Alvarez bias more on the election that happened
two accounts in Tejeros convention. Alvarez wants to focused
on a specific evethont and how does the
delegation of the people had been done
- I can say that Alvarez confused mainly on the
Probable reason why the election, it was detailed since there is dialogues
differences between characters, we can really say that the
author was actually there when it happened. He
did not focus on one person but on the whole
characters.
Thematic motivation of
authors
(why the Tejeros meeting
failed?)
jealousesies continued to plague the ranks of the
rebels and even among the members of the same
faction petty quarrels to continued to come up.
9. An invitation was sent by the magdiwag chief to
the magdalo followers to attend the meeting but
they can’t come. The magdiwag was represented
by Andress Bonifacio and other men.
10. It was 2 in the afternoon when the meeting was
formally opened. Jacinto Lubreras president of the
magdiwag took the chair and opened the
convention.
- The bias of Agoncillo covers up what happened
before the Tejeros convention happened, Also,
Agoncillo mentioned some that there’s already
misunderstanding between two factions. Unlike
Santiago Alvarez Memoirs of a General , Agoncillo
showed the history of the two factions
- Teodoro Agoncillo focused on Andres Bonifacio’s
story, his journey with presidency. Its longer and
detailed version of what happened in the past, in a
way that it tackled every part of the event. Being
known as one of the pre-eminent Filipino
historians of the 20th century, I know that he put so
much effort in researching just for this books and
to fulfill the knowledge of the other researchers
and to all students that the history