Group 6 (Central Market KL) PDF

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PERAK BRANCH SERI ISKANDAR CAMPUS
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SURVEYING
BUILDING REFURBISHMENT AND ADAPTATION (BSR303)
PRECEDENT STUDY:
CENTRAL MARKET, KUALA LUMPUR
Prepared By:
MUHAMMAD AMIR KATZMAN BIN KAMARULZAMAN (2018267434), MUHAMMAD AMIRUL HAKIM BIN SABRI (2018656168),
MUHAMMAD AZMI ASHYRAFF BIN MUHAMMED NAZERI (2018698228), MUHAMMAD MUQRI BIN ANUAR (2018284706),
SITI AZZAHRA BINTI ZULNASRI (2018214274)
Group:
AP1195E
Prepared for:
PN. NURHIDAYAH BINTI SAMSUL RIJAL
Semester: OCTOBER 2020 – FEBRUARY 2021
Submission Date: 12th NOVEMBER 2020

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All acclamation we praise to Allah, who has empowered and enable us to accomplish the task. We are grateful because we can complete our assignment about the
Precedent Study in the times given.
We would like to express our most profound appreciation to all who provided us the possibility to complete this report. Special gratitude gives to our lecturer, Madam
Nurhidayah Binti Samsul Rijal, whose contribution to simulating suggestions and encouragement helps us coordinate our project, especially in writing this report.
Thanks for providing everything, such as moral support, thanks for giving everything due to this Covid – 19 situations. By their advising, it has become one of the essential
keys to success in this assignment.
Besides, thanks to our group members, Katzman, Muqri, Azmi, and Azzahra, for forgiving each other, a lot of support, and teamwork to had done this assignment. Through
this teamwork, we can finish this report within a limited time.
Finally, we hope that this final year project may help us know many things, especially about building management. We also gain new knowledge and facts about the
project. We also hope this project can be beneficial for us when we start working as a building surveyor.
Table of Contents
Central Market Kuala Lumpur
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2.0 BUILDING BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
2.1 History of Building .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Timeline Chronology .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.0 SITE LOCATION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
3.1 Plan of Central Market Kuala Lumpur................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
4.0 MEASURED DRAWING ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 Ground Floor Plan ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Mezzanine Floor Plan .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Front Elevation .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
4.4 Rear Elevation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.5 Right Elevation .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.6 Left Elevation .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.7 Roof Plan ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
5.0 TOPOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
6.0 WEATHER CONDITION AND TEMPERATURE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
7.0 SUN AND WIND ORIENTATION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
7.1 Definition of Sun Orientation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
7.2 Definition of Wind Orientation ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
8.0 VEGETATION ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
8.1 Definition of Landscape .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
8.2 Definition of Open Space or Green Space ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
8.3 List of Vegetation .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
9.0 ACCESS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
9.1 List of Name Road ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
10.0 ADJACENT BUILDING AND BOUNDARIES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30
10.1 List of Adjacent Building .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
10.2 Boundaries ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
11.0 EXISTING/ PUBLIC UTILITIES AND FACILITIES ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
11.1 List of Public Utilities and Facilities ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
11.2 Advantages of Public Utility/ Facility at Central Market ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
12.0 BUILDING ANALYSIS (BEFRORE AND AFTER REFURBISHMENT) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 40
12.1 DRAWING PLAN ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 40
12.1.1 Ground Floor Plan .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40
12.1.2 Mezzanine Floor Plan..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
12.1.3 Roof Plan ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 42
12.1.4 Front Elevation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
12.1.5 Rear Elevation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 46
12.1.6 Right Elevation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
12.1.7 Left Elevation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 50
12.2 BUILDING SERVICES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
12.2.1 Advantage of Building Services for the Central Market ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
12.3 DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
12.4 BUILDING ELEMENT AND MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 61
12.5 BUILDING CONDITION SURVEY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
12.5.1 Defect Sheet ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65
12.5.2 Defect Analysis .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 68
12.5.3 Building Condition Assessment ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
13.0 LOCAL AUTHORITIES REQUIREMENTS/ ACTS/ REGULATION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 69
13.1 Antiquities Act 1976 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 69
13.2 National Heritage Act of 2005 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 69
13.3 Local Government Act of 1976 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
13.4 Town and Country Planning Act 1976.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 70
14.0 SWOT ANALYSIS ON BUILDING REFURBISHMENT (STRENGHT, WEAKNESS, OPPURTUNITIES, THREAT) ............................................................................................. 71
15.0 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
16.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73
CENTRAL MARKET,
KUALA LUMPUR
BSR 303 - BUILDING REFURBISHMENT AND ADAPTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Refurbishment is the process of improvement by cleaning, decorating, and re-equipping. It may also include elements of retrofitting to make a building more energy-efficient
and sustainable. As a broad term, refurbishment is often used interchangeably with renovation or restoration (which is to do with restoring a building to its former condition).
In general, refurbishment can encompass such works as 'cosmetic' renovations (such as painting and decorating), upgrading, major repair work, alterations, conversions,
extensions, and modernizations. The lifecycle of a building can be significantly extended by significant refurbishment. As every structure is unique, structurally, technically,
and typologically, and in a local context, the correct approach to refurbishment should be assessed according to the particular conditions. Designers should seek to
understand existing buildings' actual uses and communicate with diverse stakeholders from the initial project phase to the refurbishment. For this task, students are required
to identify the refurbishment work that has been done to the existing building. So we have chosen the Central Market Kuala Lumpur as the case study.
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2.0 BUILDING BACKGROUND
Figure 1.1 Main Entrance of The Central Market, Kuala Lumpur
TITLE DESCRIPTION
BUILDING NAME Central Market, Kuala Lumpur
Before: Open Wet Market
FUNCTION
After: Culture, Arts and Handicraft Centre
Jalan Hang Kasturi, 50050 Kuala Lumpur
LOCATION
(Situated at the town center, within walking distance)
The Central Market Kuala Lumpur is located at Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock (Foch Avenue) and the pedestrian-only section of Jalan Hang Kasturi (Rodger Street), a few
minutes away from Petaling Street. It was founded in 1888 and was initially used as a wet market, while the current Art Deco style building was completed in 1937. It has
been classified as a Heritage Site by the Malaysian Heritage Society, and it is now a landmark for Malaysian culture and heritage.
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2.1 History of Building
The original building was built in 1888 by the British in colonial British Malaya. It was used as a wet market for Kuala Lumpur citizens and tin miners. The Wet Market was
very convenient to the early city dwellers because it was within the Klang bus stand, the hub of feeder bus service for Kuala Lumpur, and the train station.
Further expansions were made in 1889, 1895, 1920, and 1921. By 1933, the warehouse's developments made the market now in its present size and cost around $167,000.
As Kuala Lumpur experienced its development rapidly in the 1970s, there were plans to demolish the site. The intervention of the Malaysian Heritage Society proved timely
as they successfully petitioned against its deconstruction, and the area was declared as a 'Heritage Site.'
During the construction of Dayabumi near Klang River banks in 1981, the market was saved from demolition. In 1985, the market was renovated into a vibrant and colourful
new style and had been officially known as Pasar Budaya since April 1986.
The Central Market Annexe, located at the back of the main building, formerly housed a cineplex and was opened in 2006. The Annexe houses a variety of eclectic art
galleries. It is one of the central art spaces in Kuala Lumpur and is a hub of activity all year long, which features artworks by local artists.
Located alongside the main building is the newly transformed, pedestrianized, and covered walkway, Kasturi Walk. Opened in 2011, Kasturi Walk boasts an alfresco
ambience featuring an exciting variety of stalls selling tantalizing local snacks and exquisite souvenirs. The street is noted for housing street musicians or "buskers."
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2.2 Timeline Chronology
Chart 1.1 Timeline Chronology of Central Market, Kuala Lumpur
This time chart shows how the Central Market Kuala Lumpur is transforming from the wet market 'Pasar Basah' into a cultural and art and handicraft center in Malaysia.
Based on the time flow, Central Market is built in 1888 by the British. In 1888, it became a 'Wet Market,' and the building was made from wood. From 1889 until 1933, the
market has become more extensive, and the structure of the whole building is changed into concrete. In late 1970 the Malaysian government has classified the market as
a Heritage building. In 1981, the Central Market was faced with demolition due to the expansion of the Dayabumi Complex located across from the Central Market. Still, it
has fortunately been safe from being demolished. In 1985, the Central Market was renovated into a new colourful style. In 1986, the Central Market was rebrand into Pasar
Budaya until now. In 2004, Central Market Sdn. Bhd is the responsible company that manages the 'Pasar Budaya' until now.
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Latest - 2018
After Refurbishment - 1985
British Colonial - 1888
Figure 1.2: Photo of Process of Refurbishment of Central Market Kuala Lumpur
The timeline above shows the differences in building structure from1888 until 2018 about the Central Market Kuala Lumpur. The whole of the property structure is started
construct using wood. But after the refurbishment work and renovation, the whole design of the property is used concrete, and the roof of the Central Market is now changed
from a Pitch roof into a Flat roof. They're also a refurbishment work that occurs on the finished used. For example, the paint on the wall now becomes more colourful and
attractive.
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3.0 SITE LOCATION

3.1 Plan of Central Market Kuala Lumpur
KEY PLAN
Kuala Lumpur
Figure 2.1
LOCATION PLAN
Figure 2.2
Based on figure 2.1 and 2.2, Central Market is located in Kuala Lumpur city. The hotspot places in Malaysia due to the property's strategic location near public transportation,
etc. This one of the advantages that will make the Central Market more popular.
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SITE PLAN
Figure 2.3
Based on figure 2.3, the maps show the proposed location of the Central Market. The Central Market Kuala Lumpur is located in front of the Klang River and near the
Jalan Hang Kasturi. This Central Market is very strategic because it is also near specific transportation areas and accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, banks, LRT,
Public Bus, etc.
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4.0 MEASURED DRAWING

4.1 Ground Floor Plan
Figure 3.1: Ground Floor Plan of Central Market
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4.2 Mezzanine Floor Plan
Figure 3.2: Mezzanine of Mezzanine Floor Plan of Central Market
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4.3 Front Elevation
Figure 3.3: Front Elevation Plan of Central Market
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4.4 Rear Elevation
Figure 3.4: Rear Elevation Plan of Central Market
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4.5 Right Elevation
Figure 3.5: Right Elevation Plan of Central Market
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4.6 Left Elevation
Figure 3.6: Left Elevation Plan of Central Market
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4.7 Roof Plan
Figure 3.7: Roof Plan of Central Market
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5.0 TOPOGRAPHY
Study of the shape and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area could refer to the surface shapes and features themselves or a description. Several types of
topography, ranging from a ridge to a valley, are used. Topography, in a narrow sense, involves recording relief or terrain, the three-dimensional quality of the surface, and
the identification of specific landforms. An objective of topography is to determine the position of any feature or, more generally, any point in terms of both a horizontal
coordinate system such as latitude, longitude, and altitude. Identifying components and recognizing typical landform patterns are also part of the field.
Topographic maps show the contours and any significant streams or other water bodies, forest cover, built-up areas or individual buildings, and other features and points
of interest. Their relief in the topographic map is called contour lines.
Relief and contour line connecting points of equal elevation. By reading contours, students interpret height, slope, and shape in topographic maps. If outlines are close
together, the slope is steep. But when contours are spread apart, the pitch is more gradual.
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Figure 4.1: Topography map of Kuala Lumpur
The history of Kuala Lumpur began in the middle of the 19th century with the tin mining industry's rise. In English, the name Kuala Lumpur means "muddy confluence." So
there is no doubt why Kuala Lumpur's geography is uneven because of the effect of massive mining of tin in the land of Kuala Lumpur. To read the topography map, we
must identify the uses of each colour. Firstly the colour brown denotes most contour lines on a map, which are relief features and elevations. Topographic maps use
green to mean vegetation such as woods, while blue represents water features like lakes, swamps, rivers, and drainage. In each of these cases, contour lines are also
drawn in blue. Finally, black is used to represent human-made objects, including trails. Red is used for human-made features, like main roads or political boundaries, and
purple for new changes or updates on the map that weren't previously represented. As we can see from the chart above, the green colour and blue color are the most.
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Figure 4.2: Topography of Central Market
Based on online research, due to the typical situation, COVID-19 that hits Malaysia, Central Market Kuala Lumpur is nearer with bank river, so-called Klang River might
cause flash flood as the market is located at the low-altitude area.
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6.0 WEATHER CONDITION AND TEMPERATURE
Month January February March April May June July August September October November December
Avg. Temperature
26.5 27.2 27.5 27.7 27.7 27.4 27 27.4 26.8 26.9 26.7 26.5
(°C)
Min. Temperature
21.7 22 22.2 22.8 23 22.6 22.1 22.9 22.1 22.3 22.3 21.9
(°C)
Max. Temperature
31.4 32.4 32.8 32.6 32.4 32.3 31.9 31.9 31.6 31.5 31.2 31.2
(°C)
Avg. Temperature
79.7 81.0 81.5 81.9 81.9 81.3 80.6 81.3 80.2 80.4 80.1 79.7
(°F)
Min. Temperature
71.1 71.6 72.0 73.0 73.4 72.7 71.8 73.2 71.8 72.1 72.1 71.4
(°F)
Max. Temperature
88.5 90.3 91.0 90.7 90.3 90.1 89.4 89.4 88.9 88.7 88.2 88.2
(°F)
Precipitation /
166 158 238 277 221 136 129 160 196 276 286 243
Rainfall (mm)
Table 1.1: Average Temperature and Precipitation in Kuala Lumpur City in 2019
Figure 1.2: Precipitation Rainfall in Kuala Lumpur in 2019
The variation in the precipitation between the driest and wettest months is 157 mm. The variation in temperatures throughout the year is 1.2 °C. the weather is
highest on average in April, at about 27°C, while the lowest temperature on average in January is around 26.5°C.
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7.0 SUN AND WIND ORIENTATION
7.1 Definition of Sun Orientation
Sun path, sometimes also called day arc, refers to the daily and seasonal arc-like direction that the Sun appears to follow across the sky as
the Earth rotates and orbits the Sun. The Sun's path affects the length of daytime experienced and the amount of daylight received along a certain latitude during a
given season. The relative position of the Sun is a significant factor in the heat gain of buildings and the performance of solar energy systems.[1] Accurate location-
specific knowledge of sun path and climatic conditions is essential for economic decisions about solar collector area, orientation, landscaping, summer shading, and
the cost-effective use of solar trackers.
7.2 Definition of Wind Orientation
Wind direction is reported by the law from which it originates. For example, north or northerly wind blows from the north to the south.[1] Wind direction is usually
reported in cardinal (or compass) approach, or degrees. Consequently, a wind blowing from the north has a wind direction referred to as 0° (360°); a wind blowing
from the east has a wind direction referred to as 90°, etc. Weather forecasts typically give the direction of the wind along with its speed. For example, a "northerly
wind at 15 km/h" is a wind blowing from the north at a rate of 15 km/h.
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MID-DAY
SUNSET
SUNRISE
Figure 6.1: Sun and Wind Orientation at Central Market
Sun path refers to the daily and seasonal arc-like direction that the Sun appears to follow across the sky as the Earth rotates and orbits the Sun. At Central Market, the
Sun rises at the east from the building, which is, and when Sunset, the Sun will be at the west of the Central Market, which is. For the wind direction, the wind is from the
east of the Central Market from Indonesia. So there will be certain months that the weather in Kuala Lumpur will become low and cold because that place will be raining
for several days. Unfortunately, if it is continuously raining, it is possible to be flashflood in the surrounding area of Kuala Lumpur, especially the Central Market. It is
because the Central Market is near to the river.
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8.0 VEGETATION
8.1 Definition of Landscape
LANDSCAPE
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features. A landscape includes the physical elements
of geophysical defined landforms such as (ice-capped) mountains, hills, water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds and the sea, living elements of land cover including
indigenous vegetation, human elements including different forms of land use, buildings, and structures, and transitory elements such as lighting and weather conditions.
Combining both their physical origins and the cultural overlay of human presence, often created over millennia, landscapes reflect a living synthesis of people and place
that is vital to local and national identity.
The character of a landscape helps define the self-image of the people who inhabit it and a sense of place that differentiates one region from other regions. It is the dynamic
backdrop to people's lives. Landscape can be as varied as farmland, a landscape park or wilderness. The Earth has a vast range of landscapes, including the icy landscapes
of polar regions, mountainous landscapes, vast arid desert landscapes, islands, and coastal landscapes, densely forested or wooded landscapes including past boreal
forests and tropical rainforests, and agricultural landscapes of temperate and tropical regions. The activity of modifying the visible features of an area of land is referred to
as landscaping.
SOFTSCAPES AND HARDSCAPE
There are two main components in landscape design. These two parts are Softscape and Hardscape. Hardscape are design elements that are solid and unchanging as
the years go by. Softscape are elements that are fluid and changing as they mature. The ideal landscape is a balance of both hardscape and softscape.
Hardscape refers to the solid, hard elements in landscape design that stay the same for years. Some examples of hardscape are rocks, walkways, retaining walls, paver
patios, outdoor kitchens, water features, decks and driveways.
Softscape is unlike hardscaping in that it doesn’t have that long-term or permanent quality. It is the living animated part of a landscape. Softscape comprises the other
elements such as soil, plants, shrubs, trees, flowers, vegetables, vines, turf and colour schemes.
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8.2 Definition of Open Space or Green Space
Open space is any open piece of land that is undeveloped (has no buildings or other built structures) and is accessible to the public. Open space can include:
• Green space (land that is partly or completely covered with grass, trees, shrubs, or other vegetation). Green space includes parks, community gardens, and
cemeteries.
• Schoolyards, Playgrounds, Public seating areas, Public plazas, Vacant lots
• Open space provides recreational areas for residents and helps to enhance the beauty and environmental quality of neighbourhoods. But with this broad range of
recreational sites comes an equally broad range of environmental issues. Just as in any other land uses, the way parks are managed can have good or bad
environmental impacts, from pesticide runoff, siltation from overused hiking and logging trails, and destruction of habitat.
• Lack of community and public access to safe open and green space is a critical area of concern for urban residents in New England.
SITE VEGETATION
When designing an energy-efficient building, a clear understanding of the building site's environmental factors is needed. These factors will differ from summer to winter.
The fall and spring are similar and provide the third climate season. The design should incorporate those positive elements the environment offers and protect against
those detrimental to comfort. Vegetation is one of the greatest assets of the site for a natural, energy-efficient design. Not only is the existing vegetation useful, but it can
be added to, transplanted, or eliminated. Even though it might take time to mature, the landscape is reasonably flexible. Selective planting, in terms of growth rates, can
reduce the time element. Vegetation reduces the temperature while protecting against glare, dust, and erosion. Care should be taken to avoid placement where roots can
damage the foundation and clog drainage lines, where leaves can block gutters and trap moisture. A desirable air movement can be drastically reduced or directed the
wrong way. At the Central Market Kuala Lumpur, there are several types of vegetation located in the area. For example, Neat and Palm Tree, and Nitida Tree.
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8.3 List of Vegetation
SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS
NO COMMON NAME PHOTO ORIGIN
NAME (DESCRIPTION)
Copernica prunifera can grow up to 20 m in height with an

average 25 cm diameter trunk, circular tree crown, fan-
leaves measuring 1.5 m, bisexual flowers, and small black
round fruits (2.5 cm). The palm can live up to 200 years.
Although it withstands drought well, it has a high water
requirement for growth. A slightly saline composition in the
soil produces the best trees.
Carnauba Palm
Copernicia Figure 7.1: Palm Tree Northeastern
1. (Neat and Palm Carnaubas are social palm trees. They are found in
prunifera Brazil
Tree) Carnaubais (assembly/group of Carnaubas) in flood zones or
near rivers. Taxonomically, this tree belongs to the subfamily
Coryphoideae, tribe Corypheae, subtribe Livistoninae.
Figure 7.2: Symbol of Palm Tree
Table 2.1: Vegetation at Central Market Kuala Lumpur
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SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS
NO COMMON NAME PHOTO ORIGIN
NAME (DESCRIPTION)
Ficus microcarpa is a tropical tree with smooth light-grey bark

and entire oblanceolate leaves about 2-2.5 inches (5–6 cm)
long. In Mediterranean climates grows to about forty feet
(twelve meters) tall and with an equal spread of the crown.
Where conditions are favorable for the banyan habit
(tropical and humid subtropical), it grows much more
considerable, producing significant prop roots.
China
through
The largest known specimen is "Auntie Sarah's Banyan" at
Known as Indian Figure 7.3: Nitida Tree tropical Asia
the Menehune Botanical Gardens near
laurel, curtain fig, Ficus and
2. Nawiliwili, Kauai, Hawai'i, which is 110.0 feet (33.53 meters)
(Ficus Nitida microcarpa the Caroline
in height, 250 feet (76.2 meters) in the crown spread, and has
Tree) Islands to
over one thousand aerial trunks.[8][9][10][11]
Australia
The F. microcarpa with the thickest trunk is also in Hawai'i, at
Keaau Village, Puna District, on the Big Island. Its main trunk
is 28.0 feet (8.53 meters) thick at breast height. It is also
195.0 feet (59.44 meters) in limb spread. Only slightly smaller
Figure 7.4: Symbol of Nitida Tree is the "Banyan at Lomteuheakal" in Vanuatu, an F.
microcarpa with a central trunk 27.15 feet thick (26 meters
circumference).
Table 2.2: Vegetation at Central Market Kuala Lumpur
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Nitida Tree located at the

divider of the road.
Central Market
Figure 7.5: Vegetation at Central Market
Palma Tree located at the Edge
of the Central Market
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9.0 ACCESS
The figures show the site access to the site location. There are three ways to access the site location: Jalan Petaling, Jalan Hang Kasturi, Jalan Tun Tan Siew Sin, and
Jalan Benteng.
Figure 8.1: Access to Central Market Kuala Lumpur
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Leboh Pasar
Besar
Jalan Benteng
Jalan Hang
Jalan Petaling Kasturi
Figure 8.2: Access to Central Market Kuala Lumpur
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9.1 List of Name Road
NO SITE ACCESS DESCRIPTION REMARKS
1. Jalan Benteng Jalan Benteng is situated in Kuala Lumpur,

Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA. Its geographical
coordinates are 3° 8' 49'' North, 101° 41' 43''
East and its original name is Jalan Benteng.
This road connect to Jalan Raja Laut, Jalan Tun
Perak and Jalan bukit aman. Jalan Benteng
located across Klang River . This road nearby
Masjid Jamek, Merdeka Square and Central
Market.
Figure 8.3
2. Jalan Hang Kasturi Jalan Hang Kasturi is a street in downtown

Kuala Lumpur. It runs roughly north-south
through Kuala Lumpur's Petaling Street
Chinatown. The stretch between Lebuh Pudu
and Jalan Tun Sambanthan is today a
pedestrian zone called Kasturi Walk. This road
also connects Kl Central, Masjid Jamek, and
Pudu Central. Jalan Hang Kasturi was originally
called Rodger Street1, after Sir John Pickersgill
Rodger, the British Resident of Selangor from Figure 8.4
1884 to 1888 and again from 1896 to 1901. In
between, he was transferred to be the British
Resident of Pahang.
Table 3.1: Name of Roads
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NO SITE ACCESS DESCRIPTION REMARKS
3. Leboh Pasar Besar Leboh Pasar Besar (Market Street), as seen

towards the west between Jalan Tun H S Lee
(previously Jalan Bandar and High Street) and
the intersection meeting Medan Pasar (formerly
Old Market Square) and Jalan Hang Kasturi
(previously Rodger Street), in central Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Figure 8.5
4. Jalan Petaling Petaling Street is Malaysia's Chinatown, a

place where early settlers came to Kuala
Lumpur to pursue wealth from the booming tin
mining industry in the 1800s. Most immigrants
were Hakka and Cantonese and led to a steady
migration of Chinese communities into the city.
Figure 8.6
Table 3.2: Name of Roads
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10.0 ADJACENT BUILDING AND BOUNDARIES
The adjacent buildings at the Central Market's surroundings have been a hotspot by the locals and tourists. This is because this area was a strategic place to go for a
vacay. For example, Avenue J, Illusion 3D Art Museum, Ar-Rahnu Agrobank, and Dayabumi Complex is located near the Central Market. These places have always been
full by the locals for their purposes, such as shopping, banking, site visit, vacation, and more.
10.1 List of Adjacent Building
NO BUILDING DESCRIPTION LOCATION
1. AVENUE J
This is a hotel near the Central Market. This place provides Avenue J hotel Located 300 m from Dataran
the tourist and local with a resting area: the bedroom, toilet, Merdeka, centrally located in Kuala Lumpur,
café, etc. within a 5-minute walk of Merdeka Square
and Jamek Mosque. it was located at No
13, Leboh Pasar Besar, City Centre, 50050
Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala
Lumpur
Figure 9.1: Avenue J
2. Dayabumi Complex
The Dayabumi Complex is a significant landmark in Kuala Dayabumi Complex is a 35-storey building
Lumpur, Malaysia. It houses several commercial facilities set along Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, south
and is one of the earliest skyscrapers in the city. of Merdeka Square. It was located at Kuala
Lumpur City Centre 50050 Kuala Lumpur
Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Figure 9.2: Dayabumi Complex

Table 4.1: Adjacent Building
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NO BUILDING DESCRIPTION LOCATION
3. Ar- Rahnu Agrobank

Agrobank is a Malaysian government-owned Bank under the Ar rahnu agrobank located Leboh Pasar
purview of the Minister of Finance Incorporated, established in Besar,13013, Kuala Lumpur Wilayah
1969, focusing on the agriculture sector. The bank's financing Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 50796
of the agricultural sector is driven by a policy set forth by the Malaysia
Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry (MOA).
Figure 9.3: Agrobank
4. Illusion 3D Art Museum

The place to explore the endless boundaries of creativity with Illusion 3D art museum located at Second
the gigantic 3D paintings and beyond our wildest dreams Floor Central Market Annexe, Jalan Hang
Augmented Reality experience. We also give out our dream Kasturi, City Centre, 50050 Kuala Lumpur
encounters at the Augmented Reality shows, where a real-time
virtual environment awaits.
Figure 9.4: Illusion 3D Art Museum

Table 4.2: Adjacent Building
31
10.2 Boundaries
The land boundary belongs to a building, or, where the land abuts a road, railway, canal, or river, the centerline of that road, railway, canal, or river. A relevant boundary
is 'the boundary or notional boundary that one side of the building faces and coincides with, and that is parallel or at an angle of a maximum of 80 degrees to that side of
the building. A national boundary is a boundary presumed to exist between two buildings on the same site. The border defines the extent of the legal limits of ownership
of any parcel of land.
At common law, the rule of 'marks before measurements' prevails in defining a boundary. There is also a presumption at common law that where land is described as
being bounded by a road, ownership extends to the middle of the road unless there is a clearly defined intent to the contrary (which is usually the case).
If the description of a boundary is ambiguous, otherwise uncertain, or in conflict with the occupations, Courts may settle the disputed boundary position. Courts have
established precedents granting priorities of weight where any two or more of the following boundaries features present conflicting evidence in the determination of a proper
boundary position, in order of importance:
• Natural boundaries (rivers, cliffs)

• Monumented lines (boundaries marked by survey or other defining marks, natural or artificial)
• Old occupations, long undisputed (for example, an old wall or fence)
• Abuttals (a described 'bound' of the property, e.g., a natural or artificial feature such as a street or road)
• Statements of length, bearing, or direction ('metes' or measurements in a described approach)
32
AR-RAHNU AVANUE J
AGROBANK
ILLUSION
3D
MUSEUM
DAYABUMI
COMPLEX
Figure 10.1: Adjacent Building at Central Market
33
AVANUE J
DAYABUMI
COMPLEX
AR-RAHNU
AGROBANK
ILLUSION
3D
MUSEUM
Figure 10.2: Map that shows the Adjacent Building and Boundaries
34
11.0 EXISTING/ PUBLIC UTILITIES AND FACILITIES
There are several public utilities have been provided at the Central Market.
11.1 List of Public Utilities and Facilities
NO PUBLIC UTILITY/ PHOTO DESCRIPTION

FACILITIES
1. ATM It has ATMs from 3 different banks in the

central market building, namely RHB Bank,
CIMB Bank, and Maybank. It is located on the
first and second floors. People can walk from
the main entrance, turn right, and walk straight
to the building's corner. Plus, Travellers and
tourists may also find it a big convenience to be
able to withdraw cash from their accounts via
Figure 11.1: ATM Machine
these machines
2. Baby Changing It is a room for the use of carers to attend to the

Room personal needs of infants, toddlers, and even
younger children. It is a space allocated for
nappies change, fluids and solids preparation,
feeding, breastfeeding, and breast pumping for
mothers. This room is located on the
mezzanine floor in the central market building.
Figure 11.2: Baby Changing Room

Table 5.1: Public Utility/ Facility
35

FACILITIES
3. Information Counter A typical help desk can effectively perform

several functions. It provides single or multiple
points of contact for users to gain assistance in
troubleshooting, get answers to questions, and
solve known problems
Figure 11.3: Information Counter
4. Money Changer The best brand of money changer that can find
in Kuala Lumpur nearby Central Market was
offered by money changer Placid Express
which is conveniently located in the Central
Market.
Figure 11.4: Money Changer

36

FACILITIES
5. Post Box It is a physical box into which members of the

public can deposit outgoing mail intended for
collection by a country's postal service agents.
It also is known as a collection box, mailbox,
pillar-box letterbox, or dropbox.it is located on
the premises of Central Market
Figure 11.5: Post Box
6. Prayer Room/ A wheelchair user cannot reach the praying

Surau room which is located at the roof top of the
building because the rooftop level is connected
by stairways only. It is a quiet location set aside
in a busy public place for Muslim people to pray.
Figure 11.6: Prayer Room/ Surau

37

FACILITIES
7. Public Parking There is much parking around the Central

Market building, but this building is not
accessible for people with disabilities (PWD).
Figure 11.7: Public Parking

11.2 Advantages of Public Utility/ Facility at Central Market
The existing public utilities and facilities are essential to the occupant. For example, it can ensure the absence of discrimination. This is because the public utilities provide
uniform services at uniform rates to the users. There is no discrimination between the rich and the poor. The rich do not pay more, and the poor do not get any concessions
in public utility rates.
Furthermore, it will unify control. For example, the power of utilities is directly in the hands of the government. As a result, the command will be useful and specific, as the
government always favours the public interest at large. Finally, it also shows the service motive: Public utilities' primary objective is to offer services to the public and not
make profits. This ensures the provision of maximum benefit to society at the minimum cost.
38
LEGEND
NO. FACILITIES
1 ATM
2 Baby Changing Room
3 Information Counter
4 Money Changer
5 Post Box
6 Prayer Room/ Surau
7 Public Parking
6
4
5
1
3
Figure 11.8: Public Utilities and Facility at Central Market
39
12.0 BUILDING ANALYSIS (BEFRORE AND AFTER REFURBISHMENT)

12.1 Drawing Plan
12.1.1 Ground Floor Plan
Remark
Blue Line:
Demolish
Red Line:
Renovation
Figure 12.1: Ground Floor Plan
40
12.1.2 Mezzanine Floor Plan
Remark
Blue Line:
Demolish
Red Line:
Renovation
Figure 12.2: Mezzanine Floor Plan
41
12.1.3 Roof Plan
Figure 12.3:Roof Plan
42
Figure 12.4: Roof Plan
43
12.1.4 Front Elevation
Figure 12.5:Front Elevation
44
Figure 12.6; Front Elevation
45
12.1.5 Rear Elevation
Figure 12.7: Rear Elevation
46
Figure 12.8: Rear Elevation
47
12.1.6 Right Elevation
Figure 12.9: Right Elevation
48
Figure 12.10: Right Elevation
49
12.1.7 Left Elevation
Figure 12.11: Left Elevation
50
Figure 12.12: Left Elevation
51
12.2 Building Services
Building services are the systems installed in buildings to make them comfortable, functional, efficient, and safe.
Building services might include:
➢ Building control systems.
➢ Energy distribution.
➢ Energy supply (gas, electricity, and renewable sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass).
➢ Escalators and lifts.
➢ Facade engineering (such as building shading requirements).
➢ Fire safety, detection, and protection.
➢ Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC).
➢ Information and communications technology (ICT) networks.
➢ Lighting (natural and artificial).
➢ Lightning protection.
➢ Refrigeration.
➢ Security and alarm systems.
➢ Water, drainage, and plumbing (including sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS)).
➢ Carbon emissions calculations and reduction.
52
Building services play a central role in contributing to the design of a building, not only in terms of overall strategies and standards to be achieved, but also
in façade engineering, the weights, sizes, and location of significant plant and equipment, the position of vertical service risers, routes for the distribution of
horizontal services, drainage, energy sources, sustainability, and so on. This means that building services design must be integrated into the overall building design from
a very early stage, particularly on complex building projects such as hospitals. While it is usual for a building design team to be led by an architect
on buildings with complex building services requirements, a building services engineer might be appointed as the lead designer.
For this Central Market, several building services have been listed in the table below:
NO BUILDING SERVICES PHOTO DESCRIPTION
1. Mechanical Ventilation • Type: Exhaust System

• Operation: From 10.00 a.m. until 10.00 p.m.
• Function:
a) Remove foul odor that comes from the

market
b) Increase comfort for occupants of the
building
Figure 13.1: Mechanical Ventilation Figure 13.2: Mechanical Ventilation
Figure 13.3: Exhaust Fan at Toilet
Table 6.1: Building Services at Central Market
53
2. Air-Conditioning System • Type: Split Air-Conditioning Unit

• Operation: From 10.00 a.m. until 10.00 p.m.
• Function:
a) Can cover a large space
b) The aesthetic value of the building
c) Thermal comfort for the occupant
Figure 13.4: Indoor Unit Figure 13.5: Outdoor Unit

Air-Conditioning Air-Conditioning
3. Water Supply • Type: Water Tank

• Operation: Always been operate
• Function:
a) Provide water storage for use in many
applications, drinking water, irrigation
agriculture, fire suppression,
agricultural farming, both for plants and
Figure 13.6: Water Tank livestock, chemical manufacturing, food

preparation, and many other uses.
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4. Lift / Elevator System • Type: Passenger Lift

• Operation: Always been operate
• Function:
a) Ease occupants of the building to move
b) For thermal comfort for occupant. For
example, Disabled Person
Figure 13.7: Lift / Elevator
5. Security System • Type: Vandal Resistant Camera

a) Closed-Circuit Television
• Operation: 24 – HOURS
• Function:
a) Improve building performance
b) Easy to control the building
c) For safety
Figure 13.8: CCTV
55
6. Fire System • Type:

a) Fire Alarm
b) Fire Controlling Box
c) Smoke Spilled Fan
• Operation: 24 – HOURS
• Function:
• Improve building performance
Figure 13.8: Fire Alarm Figure 13.9: Fire Controlling Box • Easy to control the building
• For safety
Figure 13.10: Smoked Spilled Fan
56
7. Mechanical System • Type:

(Lighting) a) Wall Mounted
b) Ceiling Mounted
c) Traditional Recessed Fixtures and
Led Downlights
d) Pendant Fixture
Figure 13.11: Ceiling Mounted Figure 13.12: Pendant Fixture • Operation: 24 – HOURS
• Function:
a) Improve building performance
b) For safety
c) Make space brighter
d) Aesthetic value
Figure 13.13: Traditional Recessed Fixture Figure 13.14: Wall Mounted
12.2.1 Advantage of Building Services for the Central Market
It can have positive impacts on the environment for the building and people. Good quality and well-maintained building services are essential because it can also give
tourists positive thoughts about how attractive, safe, unique, comfortable, useful, and convenient public infrastructure and facilities around the central Market building in
Kuala Lumpur. For example, the CCTV system is essential to include it in a building because it can ensure visitors' safety. It also can increase the value and image tourism
of the tourism industry.
57
12.3 Design and Architecture
Architectural design is a concept that focuses on components or elements of a structure. An architect is generally the one in charge of the architectural design. They
work with space and details to create a coherent and functional layout.
Figure 14.1 Main Entrance of Central Market Kuala Lumpur
Architectural Style Art Deco

Name of Architect T. Y. LEE
Year of Built 1888
The Art Deco design style of the Central Market building's interior and exterior had a significant relationship with the local technology, climate condition, history, culture,
and beliefs. The main structure of the Central Market is made of reinforced concrete, supported on reinforced concrete piles because this is the most common and steady
material to use. As we have known, Malaysia's climate is hot and humid throughout the years. Therefore, the glass window of Central Market uses glazed blue-green
colored Calorex rolled plate glass, which only allows 20% of the Sun's heat and 60 % of daylight to penetrate. Moreover, the Kasturi Walk running the entire building's
entire length was glazed with the Calorex of a lighter tint. These have been the earliest use of heat-resisting glass to such extent in Malaysia. Besides, the Central Market's
exterior design was also affected by Art Deco Style, which originated from France because this architectural style is widely being used during the 30s and 40s.
Simultaneously, the building was first built in 1930, in which Art Deco is popular in the post-World War II era. Therefore, the Central Market is affected by France's
architectural culture.
58
Central Market is considered the first energy-efficient building in Kuala Lumpur because it had made fair use of the local climate to create an energy-saving building. It had
used to be new leading building technology for that particular time. From the historical view, Central Market had used to be a wet market in which people gather from
different races, beliefs, and cultures, so it further developed to promote local culture. Therefore, there are Little India, Malay Street, and Straits Chinese, which represent
different cultures in Malaysia. The idea of building the Central Market is to house all the stalls under a shelter so that it will become a center where the citizens and tin
miners can get their daily supplies. It is arranged in a stall concept, representing the traditional Market in Kuala Lumpur since the 1800s. However, what makes this heritage
building so interesting to architectural heritage buff is its Art Deco Architecture. Art Deco, or Deco, is an influential visual arts design style introduced in France during the
1920s. It is said to have begun in 1925 when the International Exposition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts was held in France to showcase new applied arts ideas.
Art Deco is an eclectic style that combines traditional craft and ancient architectural motifs with Machine Age imagery and materials. The class is often characterized by
rich colors, bold geometric shapes, and lavish ornamentation. Art Deco gained popularity internationally from the end of the 1920s. He was used extensively for public
works projects during the 1930s, such as railway stations, ocean liners, movie palaces, amusement parks, etc. Historian Bevis Hillier defined Art Deco as "an assertively
modern style...[that] ran to symmetry rather than asymmetry, and the rectilinear rather than the curvilinear; it responded to the demands of the machine and of new
material...[and] the requirements of mass production." Unfortunately, its popularity waned in the early 1940s. According to National Heritage Act 2005(Act 645), building
means a building or groups of separate or connected buildings that, because of their architectural, homogeneity, or place in the landscape, are of the outstanding universal
value of history, art, or science. Each historic building has its unique quality, which must be protected for the use and enjoyment of this and future generation.
One of the unique features of the Central Market is the art deco design. Ancient architectural design is frequently applied in Art Deco. Therefore as we can see, a bold
ziggurat design has been chosen by the architect in many parts of this building, such as its terraced gable on its main entrance and other entrances. In addition to that, its
recessed main hall is said to create the illusion of a passageway to a stage set.
Meanwhile, Art Moderne, also known as Streamline Moderne, was a late design style related to Art Deco, which emerged during the 1930s. This architectural style
emphasized geometric forms, long horizontal lines, and nautical elements typical of later Art Deco details. The subtle horizontal band of pink textured concrete running
across the breadth of Central Market, in which bars or columns of contrasting materials are used to create a sense of line or division. Furthermore, geometric motifs can
be seen from the interlocking rings on each of its entrances.
59
Concrete flagpoles were a common feature of the Art Deco building. In Central Market, the flagpole remains a purely decorative item, endorsing Art Deco architecture as
architecture of ornament. According to Art Deco motifs, Shanghai plaster, which could be sculpted, was also used in this building to create a stone-liked finish as it is
relatively cheaper than real stone. Besides, the Central Market is also the first energy-efficient building in Kuala Lumpur and probably the earliest building that has used
heat resistance glass to such an extent in Malaya.
Figure 14.2 The Central Market
Flagpole
Figure 14.3 Malaysia National Flag at the Main Entrance of Central Market
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12.4 Building Element and Materials
The building element is a physical part of a building such as a wall, floor, door, window, beam, column, etc. The Central Market Kuala Lumpur building is shown in the
table below.
ELEMENT BEFORE REFURBISHMENT AFTER REFURBISHMENT DESCRIPTION
During adaptive reuse rehabilitation in 1986, three sky bridges, six

double-storey clusters, and a mezzanine floor have been built in the
Column central market. Some new column has been created to support some
and Beam of the original structure, including water tanks. All columns and beams
are made up of concretes after 1986 and made up of timber. The
refurbishment work occurred at mezzanine floor which is adding the
column.
Figure 15.1 Timber Column and Beam Figure 15.2 Concrete Column and Beam
Windows and doors before1936 are made up of timber and have

changed to colourex tinted glass in 1936 during the restoration of the
central market. The refurbishment is focusing to make the old window
Window of the whole building look better with colourex glass window.
Figure 15.3 Timber Window Figure 15.4 Window with Colourex Tinted
Glass
Table 7.1 The Material Used Before and After Refurbishment Work
61
ELEMENT BEFORE REFURBISHMENT AFTER REFURBISHMENT DESCRIPTION
Central Market's wall has been entirely made up of timber since the
British government has built the central market building in 1888 until
the construction of a new central market in 1936 where all peripheral
wall is made up of 4 inches brickwork and remained until today.
Wall
However, the shop's division in the cluster is excluded from the
previous statement as the shop's owner have been permitted to
design their shops according to their style and therefore, the shop's
Figure 15.5 Timber Wall Figure 15.6 Brick Wall
wall currently made up of various types of material such as timber,
The first roof for the central market, which is in 1890, is made up of
zinc sheet with pitched roof design, then during extension in 1907, roof
material has changed from zinc sheet to asbestos sheet the re-roofing
process with the same material took place in 1923. In 1936, the whole
Roof building was demolished, and a new central market roof is made up of
concrete with a flat roof design added with a glazed colourex tinted
skylight running along the middle atrium. In 1986, adaptive reuse took
Figure 15.7 Zinc Sheet with Pitch Roof Figure 15.8 Concrete with Flat Roof
place, and a pair of a barrel-vaulted roof made up from the colourex-
Design Design
tinted glass, steel trusses, and the metal sheet has been added on the
top enhance natural lighting, and it remains until today.
Table 7.2 The Material Used Before and After Refurbishment Work
The Central Market use the other material for the refurbishment work to improve the looking of the site. Besides, using this material also makes the cost lower because it
does not change the building's whole part. This refurbishment work also can reduce the time of the renovation of a property. It is somewhat better than changing all the
structure of the building.
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12.5 Building Condition Survey
A condition survey is a detailed inspection of a building to establish its maintenance and repair condition at that time. It is done at a level that surveys each building element,
describing it and providing detail of its current state. A condition survey is commonly used as the basis to complete a Planned Maintenance Programme (PMP). A PMP is
a schedule of the maintenance required for each building element, prioritized, with a budgeted cost and timing, year by year. A condition survey provides information for
maintenance work that is needed immediately - all buildings require maintenance to their fabric over time. This survey also indicates when future repairs, maintenance,
decoration, and renewal of each part of the building should be anticipated. A condition survey gives visibility of future maintenance commitments that are likely.
From the observation at Central Market, several defects can be detected. The defects are shown in the table below:
ELEMENT PHOTO DEFECT DESCRIPTION
Hairline cracks in tile may result from remote, obscure reasons such as improperly
Floor
cured concrete or flexing underlayments and joists.
Figure 16.1 Hair crack at Tile Floor

Table 8.1 Defect Occurred at Central Market
63
ELEMENT PHOTO DEFECT DESCRIPTION
Diagonal cracking is an inclined crack beginning at the tension surface of a

concrete member. Steep diagonal cracks appear in the concrete foundation due
to point loads that exceed the concrete's compressive strength.
Figure 16.2 Diagonal Crack at Wall

Wall
Peeling paint significantly lowers the attractiveness of a building. It can turn a beautiful
house into a rotting structure, a clean bathroom into an unsanitary mess. If the peeling
happens on the interior walls or ceiling, it can even cause health issues for the
occupants; falling paint chips can be harmful if they land in your eyes, and breathing
in paint dust can irritate your lungs.
Figure 16.3 Peeling Off Paint

Table 8.2 Defects Occurred at Central Market
It was impossible if the old building such as Central Market Kuala Lumpur did not have several or outside the building defects. From the observation, there are just several
minor defects in the building element of the building. It peels off paint at the internal building's finishes and a hairline crack at the tile floor. Moreover, this building also
occurred a diagonal crack. If the building's maintenance manager does not take it as a serious job, it can affect the whole of the building's structure.
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12.5.1 Defect Sheet
Defect Sheet No 002 Level 00

Location External
Element/
Finishes / Wall
Component
Baris
Condition Priority Matrix Colour
3 3 9
Defect Description
Diagonal crack at external wall
Possible Causes
Low workmanship
Wear and tear
Figure 16.4: Diagonal Crack at Wall
Unbalanced load (load distribution)
Prognosis
Bad appearance
Dangerous to occupant
Collapse
Table 8.3: Defect Sheet Form
65

Location Internal Wall
Element/
Finishes (Paint) / Wall
Component
Baris
2 2 4
Defect Description
Peeling off paint at internal wall of building
Possible Causes
Low workmanship
Figure 16.5: Peeling off Paint Wear and tear
Material properties
Prognosis
Bad appearance
66

Location Mezzanine Floor
Element/
Finishes (floor tile) / Floor
Component
Baris
3 2 6
Defect Description
Hair line crack at the floor tile
Possible Causes
Low workmanship
Wrong installation
Wear and tear
Figure 16.6: Crack at Floor Tile
Unbalanced load (load distribution)
Prognosis
Bad appearance
Dangerous to occupant
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12.5.2 Defect Analysis
DEFECT DEFECT NUMBER COMPONENT DEFECT NUMBER

Crack 2 WALL 2
Peel off paint 1 FLOOR 1
Total 3 TOTAL 3
MATRIX COLOUR DEFECT NUMBER

GREEN 1
YELLOW 2
RED 0
12.5.3 Building Condition Assessment
TOTAL MARKS 19
NO OF DEFECTS 3
TOTAL SCORE 6.33
OVERALL BUILDING RATING FAIR
Table 8.6: BCA Analysis
Based on the BCA, Central Market Kuala Lumpur is suitable to be called the shelter, safe to be visited, and sustainable enough to enhance the users' comfortability.
Therefore, this building has almost met each standard of the Building Regulation, as stated in Uniform Building By-Law 1984 and CPBS 101. We were referring to defect
sheet no. 003, it is advised to take immediate action to this fair classified defect, which is a crack at floor finishes tile, to ensure its condition does not worsen. For the other
structure of the building, organized in good condition, it is also advised to the person in charge to keep on alert to any of the defects spotted and immediately take the
proper action, such as calling the suitable specialist to settle down the fault. This effort ensures the building condition can be maintained under the right stage in a more
extended period.
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13.0 LOCAL AUTHORITIES REQUIREMENTS/ ACTS/ REGULATION
Malaysia is a developing country where new developments are primarily in momentum. This will cause old and historical buildings in Malaysia to demolish or renovated
without proper and adequate guidance. To conserve historical buildings, the government has appointed organizations to form various sectors to implement, monitor,
and supervise the conservation activities. They consist of the Malaysia Heritage Trust- Badan Warisan Malaysia (BWM), the Conservation and Townscape Unit of
Kuala Lumpur City Council (CTU), and the Museum and Antiquity Department of the National Museum (MAD). There are few laws on conservation in Malaysia to
control and supervise Central Market, such as the Antiquities Act 1976, the National Heritage Act 2005, Local Government Act 1976, and Town and Country Planning
Act 1976.
13.1 Antiquities Act 1976

This act is enforced by the Federal Government of Malaysia and provides for the control of preservation and research into ancient and historical monuments.
In this act, an "ancient monument" is defined as any monument that is reasonably believed to be at least one hundred years old or declared as one. Such a
memorial may be a house, temple, church, building, cave, grave or a standing stone with historical, religious, or cultural significance. Under this act, any person
who demolishes or damages any ancient monument without permission commits an offense and is liable to imprisonment not exceeding three months or to a
fine not exceeding MR 500 (Malaysian Ringgit) or both. In December 2005, the Antiquities Act 1976 has been replaced by the National Heritage Act 2005.
13.2 National Heritage Act of 2005

This act provides for the conservation and preservation of National Heritage, natural heritage, tangible and intangible cultural heritage, underwater cultural
heritage, treasure trove, and a related matter. Under this act, "antiquity" means:
(a) Any moveable object which is or is reasonably believed to be at least fifty years old
(b) Any part of any such item which has at any later date been added or re-constructed or restored
(c) Any human, plant, or animal remains, or is reasonably believed to be at least one hundred years old.
69
From this act, the Minister shall be responsible for providing or issuing policies, statements, or directives regarding any matter, business, strategy, or conduct
on the conservation and preservation of heritage. The functions of the Commissioners stated in this act are:
1. To determine the designation of sites, registration of objects and underwater cultural heritage;
2. To supervise and oversee the conservation, preservation, restoration, maintenance, promotion, exhibition, and accessibility of heritage;
3. To advise and coordinate with the local planning authority, the Council, and other bodies and entities at all levels to safeguard, promote, and dealing with
any heritage;
4. To advise the Minister concerning any matter in respect of conservation and preservation of heritage.
13.3 Local Government Act of 1976

The Local Government Act 1976 is enforced within the local authority jurisdiction and applies only to West Malaysia. This act explains that the local authority
shall have legal power regarding conservation and preservation actions in its local governing area. According to Part XII, Section 101(c)(iv), the local authority
has the power to maintain or contribute to the maintenance of historical buildings or sites and acquire any land, with or without facilities, for or in connection
with the care of historical buildings or areas. This act also empowers the local authority to establish, acquire, erect, construct, maintain, assist, promote, control,
and make or receive grants of money regarding public libraries, art galleries, and museums (Part XII, Section 101).
13.4 Town and Country Planning Act 1976

This act is for the proper control and regulation of town and country planning in the local authority area, which gives power to the State Government. Under this
act, the local authority must purpose and prepare development plans, including structure plans and regional plans, as mentioned in Part III. Due to Part IX,
Section 58(2) (f), the state authority makes the rules for protecting ancient monuments and lands and buildings of historical or architectural interest.
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14.0 SWOT ANALYSIS ON BUILDING REFURBISHMENT (STRENGHT, WEAKNESS, OPPURTUNITIES, THREAT)
STRENGTH WEAKNESSES
1. Strategic location (locate at hotspot places) 1. Limited parking
2. Have a beautiful environment 2. Lack of maintenance of road structure and cleanliness
3. Tourism (attract people) 3. Lack of maintenance of the building
4. Landmark to identify the place
OPPORTUNITY THREATS
1. Explore the site as a social center 1. Noises
2. Realize back lane site potential 2. Lost place identity
3. To open a new business (new stall) 3. Exposed to accident
4. Crime rate increase
Table 9.1: SWOT Analysis
From the observation, Central Market Kuala Lumpur is located at a strategic location. This is because it is situated at hotspot places near Petaling street and Kasturi
road. Besides that, the site also has a beautiful environment and providing fresh air. It even is a landmark to identify the places, and it also can be a tourism hotspot.
But this Central Market also has some weakness which is limited parking. So it will make the locals and tourists need to walk far away. Besides that, this Central
Market also lacks maintenance in specific areas, making it look more dangerous to people and making it look not nice. Despite this weakness, this front lake also
has the opportunity to realize back lane site potential, which can allow the locals to open a new business. Moreover, this site also can be a social center due to the
environment. Unfortunately, some threats that will affect the central market will also be exposed to the accident because of the site location. Then it will be increasing
the crime rate due to the location of the central market. Last but not least, this lake is also exposed to the noises of the factory and lorries.
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15.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the Refurbishment process is one of the most challenging tasks faced by designers. The refurbishment design is restricted by the building's existing
condition, which makes the job more complex and tedious. The spectrum of threats is ever-changing, so that the risk analysis for each building might be unique and
changing. Structures also evolve through aging, wear and tear of use, and climate effects. Human factors and concepts of operations have to be considered, as well.
This refurbishment work is the last choice for a property to maintain its structure. This refurbishment has many advantages when it applies to a building or construction.
For example, it helps to improve the quality of the building structure. After that, this refurbishment work also helps to shorten the period to maintain the design. Finally,
this refurbishment work is vital for an old building that will transform into a new function. This is because refurbishment work will make the building look more safe
and pleasant for the occupant to be in there.
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16.0 REFERENCES
I. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2020, from

http://www.public.asu.edu/~camartin/plants/Plant html files/ficusnitida.html
II. (2019, July 09). Central Market - life after 131 year. Retrieved October 20, 2020, from
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PERAK BRANCH SERI ISKANDAR CAMPUS

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING

BUILDING REFURBISHMENT AND ADAPTATION (BSR303)

CENTRAL MARKET, KUALA LUMPUR

Semester: OCTOBER 2020 – FEBRUARY 2021

Submission Date: 12th NOVEMBER 2020

2.0 BUILDING BACKGROUND

Figure 1.1 Main Entrance of The Central Market, Kuala Lumpur

2.1 History of Building

2.2 Timeline Chronology

Chart 1.1 Timeline Chronology of Central Market, Kuala Lumpur

After Refurbishment - 1985

British Colonial - 1888

Figure 1.2: Photo of Process of Refurbishment of Central Market Kuala Lumpur

3.0 SITE LOCATION

4.0 MEASURED DRAWING

Figure 3.1: Ground Floor Plan of Central Market

4.2 Mezzanine Floor Plan

Figure 3.2: Mezzanine of Mezzanine Floor Plan of Central Market

4.3 Front Elevation

Figure 3.3: Front Elevation Plan of Central Market

4.4 Rear Elevation

Figure 3.4: Rear Elevation Plan of Central Market

4.5 Right Elevation

Figure 3.5: Right Elevation Plan of Central Market

4.6 Left Elevation

Figure 3.6: Left Elevation Plan of Central Market

4.7 Roof Plan

Figure 3.7: Roof Plan of Central Market

Figure 4.1: Topography map of Kuala Lumpur

Figure 4.2: Topography of Central Market

6.0 WEATHER CONDITION AND TEMPERATURE

Figure 1.2: Precipitation Rainfall in Kuala Lumpur in 2019

7.0 SUN AND WIND ORIENTATION

7.1 Definition of Sun Orientation

7.2 Definition of Wind Orientation

Figure 6.1: Sun and Wind Orientation at Central Market

8.1 Definition of Landscape

SOFTSCAPES AND HARDSCAPE

8.2 Definition of Open Space or Green Space

8.3 List of Vegetation

Copernica prunifera can grow up to 20 m in height with an

Figure 7.2: Symbol of Palm Tree

Table 2.1: Vegetation at Central Market Kuala Lumpur

Ficus microcarpa is a tropical tree with smooth light-grey bark

Table 2.2: Vegetation at Central Market Kuala Lumpur

Nitida Tree located at the

Figure 8.1: Access to Central Market Kuala Lumpur

Figure 8.2: Access to Central Market Kuala Lumpur

9.1 List of Name Road

NO SITE ACCESS DESCRIPTION REMARKS

1. Jalan Benteng Jalan Benteng is situated in Kuala Lumpur,

2. Jalan Hang Kasturi Jalan Hang Kasturi is a street in downtown

NO SITE ACCESS DESCRIPTION REMARKS

3. Leboh Pasar Besar Leboh Pasar Besar (Market Street), as seen

4. Jalan Petaling Petaling Street is Malaysia's Chinatown, a

10.0 ADJACENT BUILDING AND BOUNDARIES

10.1 List of Adjacent Building

NO BUILDING DESCRIPTION LOCATION

Figure 9.2: Dayabumi Complex

NO BUILDING DESCRIPTION LOCATION

3. Ar- Rahnu Agrobank