LESSON PLAN IN ORGANIC MOLECULES

I. Objectives:
• Identify the classes of organic compounds and the functional groups.
• Explain how they differ from one another in terms of structure.
• Master how they are named differently from each other.

II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Organic Molecules
B. References:
• https://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Fundamentals/Overv
iews/24.1_Functional_Groups_and_Classes_of_Organic_Compounds
• https://chem.libretexts.org/
Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_Chemistry_(Averill_and_
Eldredge)/24%3A_Organic_Compounds/24.5_Common_Classes_of_
Organic_Compounds
• https://www.rit.edu/affiliate/nysp2i/sites/rit.edu.affiliate.nysp2i/files/doc
s/resources/Green_Chemistry_Module_Functional_Groups_in_Organi
c_Chemistry.pdf
• http://cf.linnbenton.edu/mathsci/bio/waitea/upload/Notes_Lecture_03_
BI_102_Biomolecules.pdf
• https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/20-1-hydrocarbons

C. Materials:
• Pictures, Illustrations, sticky notes, Activity Sheets, Video
Lessons

III. Activities:
A. ENGAGE
• The activity will be called “Pinoy Henyo”.
• The rules are simple and straightforward and are already familiar
to students because they are based on a popular party game.
• All the students have either the structure or name of an unknown
class of compound written on a sticky note that they place on their
foreheads.
• The objective is for each student to figure out what his or her
molecule is by asking other students a series of provided
questions.
• The pair that gets the highest number of correct answers being
guest within two minutes will win and get additional points.
• The game is a fun alternative to rote memorization or using flash
cards.
Note: The strategy is effective because it requires students to think about
these molecules through discussion, especially their similarities and
differences.
 Sample compounds to be guessed.

B. EXPLORE
• As a follow up activity, I will give each team of students a specific
infographic from below that had one or more of the functional
groups in them.
• The team has to identify the functional group(s) and try to come
up with reasons it makes sense the functional group is found in
that specific compound.
• The teams reported out their findings in order to educate other
teams that did not see that particular infographic.
• It is a fun follow up activity that will only take about 20 minutes for
7 teams.
C. EXPLAIN
The teacher will discuss the following:
• Functional groups are important in chemistry because they are
the portion of a molecule that is capable of characteristic
reactions. They, therefore, determine the properties and
chemistry of many organic compounds. An organic
compound is any compound that contains carbon and another
element. A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that is
responsible for a particular chemical property of an organic
compound. Organic compounds can be classified according to
their functional groups.
• There are several structural units that chemists use to classify
organic compounds and predict their reactivities. These functional
groups, which determine the chemical reactivity of a molecule
under a given set of conditions, can consist of a single atom (such
as Cl) or a group of atoms (such as CO2H). The major families of
organic compounds are characterized by their functional groups.
There are five families: hydrocarbons, halogen-containing
compounds, oxygen-containing compounds, carboxylic acid
derivatives, and nitrogen-containing compounds.
• The first family is the hydrocarbons. These include alkanes, with
the general molecular formula CnH2n+2 where n is an integer;
alkenes, represented by CnH2n; alkynes, represented by CnH2n−2;
and arenes. Halogen-substituted alkanes, alkenes, and arenes
form a second major family of organic compounds, which include
the alkyl halides and the aryl halides. Oxygen-containing organic
compounds, a third family, may be divided into two main types:
those that contain at least one C–O bond, which include alcohols,
phenols (derivatives of benzene), and ethers, and those that
contain a carbonyl group (C=O), which include aldehydes,
ketones, and carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acid derivatives, the
fourth family listed, are compounds in which the OH of the –CO2H
functional group is replaced by either an alkoxy (–OR) group,
producing an ester, or by an amido (–NRR′, where R and R′ can
be H and/or alkyl groups), forming an amide. Nitrogen-containing
organic compounds, the fifth family, include amines; nitriles,
which have a C≡N bond; and nitro compounds, which contain the
–NO2 group.
• We discuss the importance of organic molecules and functional
groups. Why butter is a solid and oils are liquids despite the
apparent similarities in their structures, why the widely used anti-
inflammatory drug ibuprofen takes longer than half an hour to
relieve pain, and the identity of the major carcinogen in grilled
meats and cigarette smoke. The chapter concludes with a brief
introduction to the molecules of life, which will explain how the
consumption of lactose can result in mental retardation and
 cirrhosis of the liver in some individuals, how hibernating animals
survive during the winter, and how certain groups of antibiotics kill
bacteria that are harmful to humans.
• For additional information about the topic, the teacher can also
suggest the following video lessons as a source of enrichment.
o https://study.com/academy/lesson/functional-groups-in-
organic-molecules.html
o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9jM8lWxrAE
o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QCVU2zQ0AKA
D. ELABORATE
• Real situation problems will be formulated where the student
proposes solutions as a scientist for active ingredient synthesis
like the acetylsalicylic acid (Figure below). By the end of the
session, a debate on the importance of functional groups in a daily
life basis will be carried out.

E. EVALUATE
• Answer the worksheet (See attached worksheet) Write your
answers on the space provided in the Worksheet. Use additional
sheet of paper if necessary.
 WORKSHEET IN ORGANIC MOLECULES

Directions: Boiling Point: 78°C

1. Organize the chemicals into categories of Melting Point: -114°C
your choosing. Pay less attention to the Water Soluble
number of carbon atoms, and more Flammable
attention to the new elements that make
these compounds not hydrocarbons and
their properties, as well as the highlighted
bonds. Circle the element(s) that would
make these chemical not hydrocarbons.
2. Think about how these chemicals will be
named. For each category, decide if they
need one organic prefix (meth-, eth-) or two
separate prefixes.

Boiling Point: 97°C Boiling Point: 117°C

Melting Point: -126°C Melting Point: -90°C
Water Soluble Water Soluble
Flammable Flammable

Boiling Point: -24°C Boiling Point: 34°C

Melting Point: -141°C Melting Point: -116°C
Water Insoluble Water Insoluble
Anesthetic Anesthetic

Boiling Point: 34°C Boiling Point: -19°C

Melting Point: -116°C Melting Point: -92°C
Water Insoluble Water Soluble
Anesthetic Preservative
Carcinogen
Boiling Point: 20°C Boiling Point: 49°C
Melting Point: -123°C Melting Point: -81°C
Water Soluble Water Soluble
Carcinogen Preservative

Boiling Point: 56°C Boiling Point: 80°C

Melting Point: -95°C Melting Point: -86°C
Water Soluble Water Soluble
Industrial solvent Industrial solvent

Boiling Point: 101°C Boiling Point: 118°C

Melting Point: 8.4°C Melting Point: 17°C
Water Soluble Water Soluble
Low pH Low pH

Boiling Point: 164°C Boiling Point: 57°C

Melting Point: -8°C Melting Point: -98°C
Water Soluble Water Insoluble
Low pH Pleasant odor

Boiling Point: 99°C Boiling Point: 77°C

Melting Point: -74°C Melting Point: -84°C
Water Insoluble Water Insoluble
Pleasant odor Pleasant odor
 Boiling Point: 17°C Boiling Point: -6°C
Melting Point: -80°C Melting Point: -93°C
Water Soluble Water Soluble
Basic Basic
Bad odor Bad odor
In proteins In proteins

Boiling Point: 210 °C Boiling Point: 222°C

Melting Point: 2°C Melting Point: 176°C
Water Soluble Water Soluble
Used in dyes, pesticides, fuel, Used in dyes and creating plastics.
and cleaning agents.

Submitted by: JENNY VHIE S. VINAGRERA

School I.D Number: 13-17020
MST- Physics
Subject: CHEM212: ADVANCE ORGANIC CHEMISTRY