Volume 2 / Section - 6

WATERPROOF PROTECTION
AND
ROOFING & WATER PROOFING
Vol.2 Section–6 MPL-P142_6316345_Dubai Hills Estate, Dubai - UAE
6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

Section – 6

WATERPROOF & ROOFING PROTECTION

CONTENTS

6.1 WATER PROOF PROTECTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE ..................................................... 3

6.1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................. 3
6.1.2 TESTING .............................................................................................................. 3
6.1.3 GUARANTEE........................................................................................................ 3
6.1.4 PREPARATION OF SURFACES .............................................................................. 3
6.1.5 PROTECTION ....................................................................................................... 3
6.1.6 PROTECTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE....................................................................... 4
6.1.6.1 Horizontal Surfaces ........................................................................................ 4
6.1.6.2 Vertical Surface .............................................................................................. 4
6.1.6.3 Properties of Single Layer 4mm Thick SBS Waterproofing Membrane 'Dulas-
250-QP' 5
6.1.6.4 Protection to Ground Slab - Polythene sheet ................................................ 6
6.1.6.5 Concrete Cover to Reinforcing Steel .............................................................. 6
6.1.6.6 General ........................................................................................................... 6
6.1.6.7 Workmanship ................................................................................................. 7
6.1.7 PROTECTION OF LIFT PIT SUBSTRUCTURE WALLS ONLY UPTO PLINTH ............. 7
6.1.7.1 Vertical Surface: ............................................................................................. 7
6.1.7.2 Protection Board: ........................................................................................... 8
6.1.8 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS: .................................................................................... 8
6.1.9 EXPANSION JOINTS:............................................................................................ 9
6.2 ROOFING & WATER PROOFING ................................................................................ 10
6.2.1 SCOPE :.................................................................................................................. 10
6.2.2 QUALIFICATION : ............................................................................................... 10
6.2.3 TESTING : .......................................................................................................... 10
6.2.4 GUARANTEE ...................................................................................................... 10
6.2.5 ROOFING : ......................................................................................................... 11
6.2.5.1 Combo Roofing System ................................................................................ 11
6.2.5.2 Balconies and Wet Area Waterproofing ...................................................... 13
6.2.6 WORKMANSHIP : .............................................................................................. 14
6.2.6.1 Waterproofing .............................................................................................. 14
6.2.6.2 Insulation ...................................................................................................... 14

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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

6. WATERPROOF & ROOFING PROTECTION

6.1 WATER PROOF PROTECTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE

6.1.1 GENERAL

Material shall be of the best quality and to the approval of the Engineer all in
accordance with the relevant British Standards and Agreement Board Certificates.

Workmanship shall be to the highest standards and codes of practice.

6.1.2 TESTING

The waterproofing system shall be subject to testing at two stages, after laying
membrane and after completion of tiling works.

Testing shall be done by flooding the area of waterproofing with water up to a depth of
100mm above the highest point of the screed laid to slope but limiting the depth to
ensure that the average weight of the water so flooded does not exceed 150 kg/m2. The
water so filled shall be retained for 48 hours and inspected by and approved by the
Engineer after confirming that there is no leakage. The Contractor to bear all expenses
for water filling, testing, etc.

6.1.3 GUARANTEE

The Contractor is to provide the Employer with a written guarantee to cover against any
leakage or for improper materials or faulty workmanship for a period of ten (10 ) years
commencing on the date of issue of the Certificate of Completion of the maintenance
period and the Contractor is to bear the cost of any of the consequential damage as is
provided for in same guarantee.

6.1.4 PREPARATION OF SURFACES

All surfaces shall be clear of all deleterious matter and dry all in accordance with the
manufacturer's written instructions. Prior to the application of any waterproofing
/roofing materials or primer, the Contractor shall gain the Engineer's written approval
that he may commence the said works, without same all works will be rejected and
replaced at the Contractor's expense.

6.1.5 PROTECTION

Finished and part finished surfaces shall be suitably protected to ensure no damage by
other trades. Any roofing or waterproofing so damaged due to non-protection shall be
removed and replaced at the Contractor's expense. The Contractor shall submit to the
Engineer his proposed methods of protecting the various surfaces and locations prior
to their completion or application of finishing layers, i.e., tiling and the like.

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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

6.1.6 PROTECTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE

All reinforced concrete substructures including raft foundation, foundation beams,

solid block up to plinth height, lift walls and stair walls up to plinth shall be
protected from aggressive action of soil, ground water and all detrimental influences
due to soil quality at the Site by providing torch welded 4mm thick SBS membrane
with 250 kg/M2 tough non-woven polyester reinforcement as explained below:

6.1.6.1 Horizontal Surfaces

Single layer of 4mm thick SBS modified bituminous membrane such as 'Dulas-
250-QP' from "Duproof" or approved equal shall be laid fully torched on to the
blinding concrete with minimum of 150mm laps all around. Before applying
the membrane, the blinding surface shall be suitably primed with a primer
recommended by the manufacturer of the membrane. The membrane shall
be protected against damage from reinforcement and site traffic by a layer
of cement concrete screed of 50mm thickness (maximum aggregate size 6mm
may be used at the discretion of the Engineer) over one layer of 4mm thick
SBS modified bituminous membrane.
The area of the membrane laid at any one time should not exceed that which
can be protected by screed in the same period. Care should be exercised in
the sequence of laying screed to ensure that the membrane laid is not
damaged due to site traffic or other trade works or any other reason.
An extra overlap of spray of minimum 300mm of the horizontal membrane
shall be left to carry up vertical surfaces to maintain the continuity of the
membrane and shall be protected as above.
The concrete surfaces to which the membrane is to be applied shall be
cleaned of all grease, oil, dust, loose material, etc. and shall present a sound
surface, free of all sharp protrusions. All imperfections like honeycombing,
depressions, hollows, etc. shall be made good prior to application of the
primer and membrane.

6.1.6.2 Vertical Surface

The concrete surfaces to which the membrane is to be applied shall be

cleaned of all grease, oil, dust, loose material, etc. and shall present a sound
surface, free of all sharp protrusions. All imperfections like honeycombing,
depressions, hollows, etc. shall be made good prior to application of the
primer and membrane.

The vertical surface also shall be primed with a primer recommended by the
manufacturer of the membrane. Vertical surfaces shall also be provided with
single layer of 4mm thick SBS modified bituminous membrane such as 'Dulas-
250-QP' from "Duproof or approved equal, fully torched on to the surfaces.
The extra portion of 300mm of the horizontal membrane left shall be turned up
after removal of formwork and wrapped on to the vertical primed surfaces.
The continuity of the membrane shall be maintained by minimum laps of
150mm all around. The membrane on the exposed external vertical surfaces
shall be carried up to a minimum of 150mm above the finished ground level
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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

(i.e., side walk, road surface, paving, etc.) and tucked into a continuous,
purpose made groove in the substructure and secured firmly with approved
sealant / mastic, recommended by the manufacturer of the membrane.

6.1.6.2 Vertical Surface [Cont'd]

All vertical surfaces of membrane embedded in backfill shall be additionally
protected by providing additional 3mm thick 'Bituboard' (from "Duproof or
approved equal) protection board in vertical face before backfilling.

The membrane shall be further turned and laid on to other horizontal primed
surfaces that need to be applied with the membrane. All such horizontal
surfaces shall be protected by a layer of cement sand screed of minimum 50mm
thickness over bituminous membrane system.

6.1.6.3 Properties of Single Layer 4mm Thick SBS Waterproofing Membrane 'Dulas-
250-QP'

The 4mm thick membrane shall exhibit the following characteristics :

Property Characteristics Method of Test

Softening Point R & B >or= 120°C ASTM D 36-76

Dow penetration @ 25°C 30 - 40 dmm Longitudinal ASTM D5-73

Transversal

Tensile strength at break 1000N/5cm. 750N/5cm. UEAtc

Elongation at break 50 - 65% UEAtc

Tear strength 220 / 200 N UEAtc

Dim. stability at 28 days at ± 0.5% ± 0.5% UEAtc

70°C

Water pressure resistance 400 KPa < DIN 16935

Water vapor transmission < 0.50G/m2/24 hrs. ASTM E96

Behavior in water < 0.15% ASTM D570

(absorption)

Static punching resistance, On rigid support L4/I3 UEAtc

steel ball diameter 10mm
(0.39") applied load which
damages the membrane

Rigid or soft support after On soft support > 25 kg

24 hrs.

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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

Wherever indicated on Drawings,Wherever indicated on Drawings, mineral

chipping faced membrane 4mm thick shall be provided. The membrane shall
have the same characteristics as specified above.

6.1.6.4 Protection to Ground Slab - Polythene sheet

Building concrete for base slabs, ramps, steps and the like which are in
contact with soil shall be protected by an approved polythene sheet of 1,000
gauge laid on building concrete as detailed on the Drawings or as directed by the
Engineer. The continuity of the sheet shall be maintained by minimum laps of
300mm secured by approved adhesive where necessary and/or as directed by
the Engineer.

Polythene sheets shall be provided to areas as indicated on the drawings in

transparent color. Polythene sheets shall be manufactured from 100% prime first
grade quality resins to BS 6515:1984. Materials manufactured from recycled,
off specification or waste materials shall not be accepted.

The polythene sheet shall exhibit all the characteristics of BS 6515 and the
Contractor shall produce necessary test certificates to the Engineer to prove the
same. Overlaps shall not be less than 300mm and shall be sealed together
using an approved adhesive or tape. The material shall be supplied, stored and
installed in accordance with the manufacturers written instructions.

6.1.6.5 Concrete Cover to Reinforcing Steel

Cover to reinforcement shall generally be in accordance with the relevant British

Standards, or as shown on the Drawings.

6.1.6.6 General

a) Foundation beams, solid block works from inside, top of raft, etc. shall be
coated with bitumen coating before backfilling.

b) Substructures, i.e., foundation beams, solid block works, top of raft, etc.,
which are in contact with soil shall be protected by providing minimum 2
coats of cold applied rubberized bitumen, such as 'Ducoat R-100' from
"Duproof or equal, as detailed below :

 All surfaces to which the bitumen coating is to be applied shall be

cleaned of all grease, oil, dust, loose material, etc., and shall present a
sound surface, free of all sharp protrusions. All imperfections like
honey combing, depressions, hollows, etc. shall be made good prior to
application of the bitumen coating. All organic growth should be
removed using a fungicidaf .wash followed by a thorough washing with
clean water.
c) Horizontal Surfaces: Tie beams and solid block works shall be applied with
2 coats of Ducoat R-100' bitumen coating before backfilling.

d) Vertical Surface: All surfaces to which the bitumen coating is to be

applied shall be cleaned of all grease, oil, duct, loose material, etc. and shall
present a sound surface, free of all sharp protrusions. All imperfections
like honeycombing, depressions, hollow, etc. shall be made good prior to
application of the bitumen coating.
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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

e) Inside of RCC walls, tie beams, strap beams, solid block walls, etc. up to
the underside of the ground floor slab or up to damp proof course at
plinth, two coats of water based cold rubberized bitumen, such as
'Ducoat R-100', to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

f) The joint between vertical and horizontal surfaces at the bottom of

foundation to blinding to be additionally sealed with three coats of
'Ducoat R-100'.

g) After bitumen coating, all neck columns must be wrapped in 1,000

gauge polythene sheet up to the plinth beam bottom level. The laps at
joints shall be minimum 300mm and secured by approved adhesives.

6.1.6.7 Workmanship

Two coats of bitumen to be applied, each at a rate of not less than 1 m2 per liter
providing a total not less than film thickness of 500 microns. It should be applied
by soft brush or squeegee to prepared surfaces.

The two coats should be applied allowing the first coat to dry completely
before applying the second coat. The coats shall be applied at right angles to each
other ensuring a smooth and uniform coating without leaving any spots, lean
patches etc. which should be made good with additional coats.

All applications should be continued up verticals to the Damp proof course.

Ensure the coating is not punctured or damaged during subsequent
operations. Damaged areas of bitumen coating to be over-coated to restore the
continuity of the coating.

Application should not commence if temperature is below 6°C and above 40°C.

The minimum over coating time or drying time to start second coat is 3% hrs.

Approved Manufacturers: "Polybit Industries" or approved equal.

6.1.7 PROTECTION OF LIFT PIT SUBSTRUCTURE WALLS ONLY UPTO PLINTH

6.1.7.1 Vertical Surface:

(Only lift pit walls up to the ground floor finish floor level from top of raft)

The concrete surfaces to which the membrane is to be applied shall be cleaned of all
grease, oil, dust, hose material, etc. and shall present a sound surface, free of all
sharp protrusions. All imperfections like honeycombing, depressions,
hollows, etc. shall be made good prior to application of the primer and
membrane.

The vertical surface also shall be primed with a primer recommended by the
manufacturer of the membrane. Before applying the membrane technical
surfaces shall also be provided with one layer of 5mm thick SBS modified
bituminous membrane fully torched on to the surfaces. The extra portion of
300mm of the horizontal membrane left shall be turned up after removal of
formwork and wrapped on to the vertical primed surfaces. The continuity of the
membrane shall be maintained by minimum laps of 100mm all around. The
membrane on the exposed external vertical surfaces shall be carried up to a
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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

minimum of 150mm above the finished ground level (i.e., side walk, road surface,
paving, etc.) and tucked into a continuous, purpose made groove in the
substructure and secured firmly with approved sealant / mastic,
recommended by the manufacturer of the membrane.

6.1.7.1 Vertical Surface: [Cont'd]

(Only lift pit walls up to the ground floor finish floor level from top of raft)

The membrane shall be further turned and laid on to other horizontal primed
surfaces that need to be applied with the membrane. All such horizontal
surfaces shall be protected by a layer of cement sand screed of minimum 30mm
thickness over one layer of 5mm thick SBS modified bituminous membrane.

The membrane applied to the vertical surfaces of the substructure shall be

protected against abrasive backfill by a 3mm thick bitumen based protection
board, spot bonded to the membrane. All areas of the membrane exposed above
ground shall be protected from exposure deterioration with appropriate aluminum
flashing.

All areas of the membrane exposed above ground shall be protected from
exposure deterioration with appropriate flashing.

All angles and corners, internal and external, shall be reinforced with and extra
strip of 300mm wide membrane. External angles shall be suitably splayed to
prevent sharp corner and internal angles shall be provided with appropriate
fillets. All joints, both horizontal and vertical, shall be reinforced by an additional
300mm wide strip of the membrane.

6.1.7.2 Protection Board:

Protection boards for protection of waterproofing membranes shall be as

Boardtect' by "Fugro or Fosroc Building Industries" or equal and approved.
Protection boards shall be 3mm thick and manufactured by bonding, under
pressure, asphalt impregnated cellulose fibers and finishing with black water-
resistant faces.

6.1.8 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS:

All construction joints either shown on the drawings or proposed by the Contractor
may be clearly indicated on appropriate drawings and submitted to the engineer for
nor approval before commencing work. However, approval accorded by the 'shall
not relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations under the Contract.

Beams, girders, haunches, drop panels and capitals shall be placed monolithically as part of
the slab system, unless otherwise shown in design drawings or specification. No
construction joints shall be permitted in respect of the above.

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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

When construction joints necessitate the provision of water bars, the same shall be
indicated by the Engineer on the drawings submitted by the Contractor who shall
provide and install the same at no extra cost to the project in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.

Vertical joints shall be formed by means of rigid stop-ends, and all horizontal joints shall
be level.

6.1.8 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS: [Con't.d]

The surfaces of all joints shall be thoroughly roughened, cleaned of all loose and
foreign matter and laitance, and washed with water. Just before concreting is
resumed, the joint shall be treated with either a thin layer of neat cement grout or sand
and cement grout mixed in the same proportions as the sand and cement in the concrete.
This grout shall be worked well into the surface of the concrete. When indicated on
drawings, the surfaces of joints shall be treated with and approved epoxy bonding agent
to the extents shown therein. The bonding agent shall be applied as recommended by
the manufacturer.

6.1.9 EXPANSION JOINTS:

All expansion joints in reinforced concrete structure shall be lined with suitable
bitumen impregnated inorganic compressible material such as 'Flexcell'. The
thickness of Flexcell shall be 10mm, 12mm, 18mm, or 20mm as per the requirements
of the joint and as indicated on Drawings.

For joints of up to 12mm, 'Flexcell' shall be cut back at the top (finished surface level)
to a depth of 20mm and the recess filled with a two component 'polysulphide' joint
conforming to BS 4254: 1983 (1991). For joints over 12mm, a proprietary joint
aluminum cover strip shall be used after filling the joint with Je joint sealant
after cutting back the Flexcell to the appropriate depths. : Sealant shall be obtained
from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer.

Aluminum cover strip shall standard type ready made from "Fosroc" or equal and
backer rod for joint sealant shall be round, closed cell, impermeable, extruded
polyethylene foam, from a manufacturer approved by the Engineer. The diameter of
the rod shall be about 25% greater than the width of the joint to provide a tight fit. As
possible, continuous lengths shall be used.

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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

6.2 ROOFING & WATER PROOFING

6.2.1 SCOPE :

These specifications cover flat roofs of reinforced concrete construction including

thermal insulation, waterproofing and surface finishing.

6.2.2 QUALIFICATION :

The waterproofing systems including protection and all associated accessories and
works shall be executed by a specialist firm(s) to be approved by the Engineer.

The manufacturer's qualified representative shall visit the job site immediately prior to
commencement of works and as and when required and directed by the Engineer to
satisfy the Engineer and to instruct the specialist(s) in the correct methods of
execution of the Works.

6.2.3 TESTING :

The waterproofing system upon completion shall be subjected to testing by flooding

with water up to a depth of 100mm above the highest point of the screed laid to slope but
limiting the depth to ensure that the average weight of the water so flooded does not
exceed 150 kg/m2. The water shall be retained for a period of 48 hours. The
Contractor shall arrange for all, water, other materials and labour required for the
execution of the test, inspection of works and for any making good of works or any
associated works that may be required at no extra cost or time to the project.
Incase re-waterproofing testing is required, Contractor shall provide everything
without extra charges.

6.2.4 GUARANTEE

The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a guarantee stating that all Works have
been carried out in accordance with the drawings and specifications and shall be
guaranteed free from defects in material and workmanship and shall be leak-proof for
a period of ten ( 10 ) years from the date of issuance of the completion certificate. The
Contractor shall agree to repair (including any replacement of materials) any leaks
resulting from defective materials or workmanship during the guarantee period at no
additional cost to the Client.

The Contractor shall also pass on to the owner any and all guarantees provided by the
sub-contractor and manufacturers of individual members of the system.

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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

6.2.5 ROOFING :

The roofing and terraces or open to sky areas shall comprise the following layers :

6.2.5.1 Combo Roofing System

Proposed 'Combo-Roof waterproofing system shall include following

materials & works, to be supplied and installed by an approved manufacturer
with lifetime guarantee of twenty-five (25) years:

6.2.5.1.1 Roof slab shall be inspected by a roofing specialist from the

manufacturer's office and confirm acceptance of the roof for application of the
'Combo-Roof waterproofing system.
6.2.5.1.2 Clean the roof using compressed air to make sure substrate is free of dust and debris.
6.2.5.1.3 Supply and spray apply 'Polyfoam' or equivalent approved to the specified
thickness (to meet thermal insulation standards) over the entire roof area
including the upstand to a height of maximum 200mm.
6.2.5.1.4 Supply and spray apply 'Polytex' or equivalent approved over the entire foam
area and allow to dry for 48 hours.
6.2.5.1.5 Flood test the roof for a minimum period of 24 hours.
6.2.5.1.6 Supply and lay 'Polyfab' or equivalent approved protection layer over the entire
roof area.
6.2.5.1.7 Supply and fix 'Polyboard' or equivalent approved expansion joint filler boards
in slope and in panels.
6.2.5.1.8 Supply and lay protective screed in panels and cure as per standard
procedures.
6.2.5.1.9 Supply and apply 'Polyflex' or equivalent approved over the entire roof area
including up stands, and allow drying for 48 hours.
6.2.5.1.10 Final inspection shall be carried out and the manufacturer shall issue a lifetime
guarantee of twenty-five (25) years.

Procedure and Scope of Work

1.) Upon casting and complete curing of roof slab, Manufacturer's

Engineer shall visit the site to inspect the roof and accept the roof
for waterproofing & heat insulation works. A preliminary site
inspection shall be carried out and any further preparation work if
required shall be brought to the attention of the Main Contractor.
Prior to commencement of roof waterproofing works, Main
Contractor shall make sure following conditions are met:

a) All joints existing between roof slabs other than expansion

joints provided shall be filled with mortar.

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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

6.2.5.1 Combo Roofing System [Cont'd]

Procedure and Scope of Work [ Cont'd.]

b) All electrical conduits and other service entries to slab shall be

closed with mortar.

c) Sides of electrical conduits and service entries shall be sealed

with mortar.

d) Rainwater pipes shall be in place at specified height as per

slope.

e) Vertical parapet wall shall be plastered to the required height.

f) Roof door threshold shall be in place.

g) A/c or water pipe sleeves shall be in place at a minimum

height of 200mm.

h) All other works on the roof shall be completed prior

to commencement of waterproofing works.

2.) On acceptance of roof from the Main Contractor, application

crew of the approved manufacturer shall visit the site to
commence mechanize cleaning operations using compress air
to free the entire substrate from dust and any other loosely
lying particles.

3.) On completion of cleaning works, other preparatory works

shall be undertaken like covering of parapet wall and other
utilities fixed on the roof to avoid the risk of over spray.

4.) Upon completion of preparatory works 'Combo-Roof system

application shall commence where a combination of Polyol &
Isocynate is sprayed onto the roof slab including up-stands using
Gusmer's (USA) combination equipment. The spray applied
system forms an impermeable waterproofing cum insulation
layer with high thermal resistance, closing all pores and cracks that
exists in the roof slab.

5.) On completion of polyurethane foam application, 'Polytex'

acrylic liquid waterproof coating shall be applied over entire
foam using airless spray equipment to form a uniform coating of
maximum thickness 800 microns.

6.) Once acrylic coating is completely cured for 48 hours,

Manufacturer's Engineer shall visit the site to inspect the works
completed and carry out a flood test for 24 hours. On
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6. Waterproof & Roofing Protection

successful completion of flood test, a test report shall be

prepared and maintained for records.

6.2.5.1 Combo Roofing System [Cont'd]

Procedure and Scope of Work [ Cont'd.]

7.) Upon successful completion of flood test, water shall be

removed and 'Polyfab' geo-textile membrane shall be laid as a
protection layer over the entire roof area prior to
commencement of screeding works.

8.) Manufacturer's Engineer shall make level markings for screeding

at site and screeding crew of the manufacturer shall commence
the paneling work using 'Bolyboard' expansion joint filler
board and pre-mixed cementitious adhesive mortar to attain
indicated in the approved drawing.

9.) Protective screed shall be laid in panels and angle fillets done of
size 50 x 50mm and cured as per standard procedures.

10.) Once screed is completely cured, 'Polyflex' acrylic cementitious

water proof coating shall be brush applied over screed
including upstands to form a uniform coating of maximum
thickness 1000 microns.

11.) Once the final coat is completely cured for 48 hours,

Manufacturer's
Engineer shall visit the site for final inspection and a lifetime
guarantee of twenty-five (25) years shall be issued.

6.2.5.2 Balconies and Wet Area Waterproofing

For wet areas such as baths, toilets, kitchen and balconies, minimum 5cm thick
smoothly finished screed to slopes to be provided. Apply 2 coats of
polyurethane liquid applied membrane such as 'Hyperdesmo', 'Rooftex',
'Duraroof or approved equal at a rate of 1kg/M 2 per coat, forming a minimum
2mm thick uniform layer of waterproofing. Waterproofing on angle fillet and
on walls up to 8" high above finish floor level shall be done and areas around
the bathtubs, vertically up to height of bathtub plus 8" extra waterproofing
shall be applied. Minimum five (5) days to be allowed for curing prior to
opening for services. Minimum ten (10) years guarantee required for wet
areas waterproofing as well.

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6.2.6 WORKMANSHIP :

6.2.6.1 Waterproofing
The membrane shall be handled and applied strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's written instructions. Surfaces to be covered shall be clean,
flat, dry and free from any matter likely to adversely affect the performance of
the waterproofing. The manufacturer's primer shall be applied prior to laying
the membrane.

The membrane shall be dressed and bonded into mouths of rainwater

outlets and well fitted and sealed around openings.

When roofing abuts against vertical surfaces such as walls of parapets,

upstands, platforms and columns, it shall be carried up for a minimum height
of 150mm or as shown on drawings; forming triangular fillets and shall be
torched on to the walls. The edges shall be further protected from ingress of
water by providing mechanically fixed silver anodized aluminum sheet
0.9mm thick flashing. The top 10mm portion along the entire length of the
flashing shall be turned slightly towards and sealed with an approved sealant
compatible with the waterproofing membrane as recommended by
manufacturer of the membrane.

Pipes and other structures piercing the roof shall be primed and the roofing
membrane shall be dressed up to required heights, over properly formed
triangular fillets all around. An approved flashing shall be provided covering the
top and sealed using sealants.

All angles and corners, internal and external or other obstacles shall be
provided with a reinforcing strip of minimum 300mm width.

All exposed surfaces at skirtings to walls, around pipes and obstructions, etc.,
shall be provided with an additional layer of mineral chipping faced bituminous
felt of 4 mm thickness and shall be adequately bonded and sealed.

6.2.6.2 Insulation

Insulation shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's written

instructions. Cutting and shaping shall be carried out in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.

Surfaces to receive insulation shall not be contaminated with any matter

likely to affect the performance of the material.

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