Activity 1

Activity 2

Q1. What do you notice with the boiling point and freezing point of the different solutions?
- Most of them are the same freezing and boiling point.
Q2. What do you notice when you compare the initial boiling temperatures for the two
concentrations?
- They differ in the temperature in the two concentration and the difference in the two are
not that far to each other.
Q3. What about the two groups of freezing temperatures?
- I notice that in concentration A and B of sodium chloride and calcium chloride is the
same compare to other solution.
Q4. How will you compare the boiling temperature of the solutions with that of a pure water?
- The boiling point elevation is the amount that the boiling point temperature increases compared
to the original solvent. For example, the boiling point of pure water at 1.0atm is 100oC while the
boiling point of a 2% saltwater solution is about 102oC. Therefore, the boiling point elevation
would be 2oC.
Q5. Does sodium chloride seem to deviate more from the boiling temperature and freezing
temperature of pure water than the sucrose and glycerol solutions? Why?
- When NaCl dissociates in water, it produces two ions.
Activity 3
1. `At what temperature will a solution composed of 0.73 moles of glucose in 650 mL water
begin to boil?

Convert 650 mL H2O to kg

Density of H2O is 1g per 1 mL
650 mL H2O = 650 g = 0.650 kg
Calculate the molality: (0.73 mol) / 0.650 kg = 1.1 m
Plug into the formula: ∆T= ikbm
= (1)(0.512 °C kg / g)(1.1 m)
= 0.56 °C Tells the change in Temp
Boiling Point Elevation add the change in temp to the actual bp of the solvent
100 + 0.56 °C = 100. 56 °C
101
2. At what temperature will a sucrose solution boil if it contains 1.55 moles of sucrose in
600mL of water? kb of water is 0.51°C/m.
∆T=Kb×m, where m is molality (number of moles of solute per kilogramme of solvent).
If the density of water is 1g/ml, 600 ml weights 600 g or 0.6 kg.
Molality equals to
m=1.55/0.6=2.58(mol/kg)
∆T=T-T0, where T0 is a boiling point of pure water.
T=∆T+T0
T=1.32+100=101.32(°C)

3. What is the boiling point elevation of a solution that contains 40.5g gylcerol,
C3H5(OH)3,in 100g of water? kb of water is 0.51°C/m.
= (40.5g/92.09 g/mol)/.100 kg =4.40 m
=Δt = i Kb m
=(1)( 0.51°C/m.)(4.40)
=2.24 ° C
4. What is the boiling point of a solution that contains 12.5g biphenyl, C12H10, in 100g of
bromobenzene? The normal boiling point of bromobenzene is 156°C, and kb for
bromobenzene is +6.26°C/m.
=Δt = 1000 x kb x w
MxW
= 1000 x 6.26°C/m. x 12.5 g
M x 100
M= 782.5 gm/mol
5. A solution of 10g of sodium chloride (NaCl) is added to 100g water (H2O) in an
attempt to elevate the boiling point. What is the boiling point of the solution?
kb of water is 0.51°C/m.
=Δt = 1000 x kb x w
MxW
= 1000 x 0.51°C/m.x 10 g
M x 100
M= 51 gm/mol
Activity 4
1. What is the lowest freezing temperature for a saltwater solution? The solubility of sodium
chloride (NaCl) is 280g per 1000g of water at 0°C. kf of H2O = 1.86°C/m.
= (280g/ 58.44g/mol) 1kg= 4.79 m
=(1)(4.79m)( 1.86°C/m.)
= 8.91°C
2. At what temperature will a solution freeze if 200g of calcium chloride, CaCl2, is
dissolved
in 850mL of water? kf H2O = 1.86°C/m
= (200g/110.98g/mol)/ 0.850 kg = 2. 12 m
= (1)( 1.86°C/m)(2.12m)
=3.94 °C
3. What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 64.3g of sucrose, C6H12O6, in 200g
of water? kf H2O = 1.86°C/m
= (64.3g/342.3g/mol) /.200kg= 0.94 m
=(1)( 1.86°C/m)(0.94m)
=1.75 °C
4. What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 610g of benzoic acid, HC7H5O2,
In 125g of camphor? kf camphor = 40°C/m
= (610g/122.12g/mol)/.125kg=40.08 m
= (1)( 40°C/m)(40.08m)
= 1603.3 °C
5. Determine the freezing point depression of 24g urea, CH4N2O, dissolved in 200g of
water. kf H2O = 1.86°C/m
=(24g/60.06g/mol)/ .200kg= 1.998 m
=(1)( 1.86°C/m)(1.998m)
=3.716°C OR 3.72°C