HOW TO UTILIZE RICE STRAW

Made to fulfill one of the requirements to graduate from

Conversation VI Level in Lembaga Bahasa LIA Palembang

Written by :

WAHYU PUSFASARI

PL16030296

CONVERSATION VI-1

LEMBAGA BAHASA LIA PALEMBANG

TERM IV/2017
 PAGE OF APPROVAL

Presented before the Final Examination of English For Spesific Purposes

Conversation 6

LB LIA PALEMBANG

December 2017

To fulfill one of requirements to graduate from English for Spesific Purposes Program

Approved and Verified By,

Class Teacher

(Ms. Diana Luspa, M.Pd.)

 PREFACE

First and foremost, I would like to extend my biggest gratitude to the

Almighty Allah SWT. for His blessing, strength and encouragement leading to

finish my paper entitled “How to Utilize Rice Straw”.

The purpose of writing this paper is to fulfill one of the requirements to

graduate from Conversation 6 Level in LB LIA Palembang.

I would like to express my gratitude to everyone who has helped amd

supported me in finishing this paper. In this chance, I also would like to show my

appreciation to :

1. Mr. Iswan Djati Kusuma S.Pd., M.Si., the Head of LB LIA Palembang.

2. Ms. Trianda Fitria, S.Pd., the Deputy Head of LB LIA Palembang.

3. Ms. Asri Diah Kumalawati, S.Pd., the AOO of LB LIA Palembang.

4. Ms. Dyah Retno Dwi Astuti, S.Pd., the AOO of LB LIA Palembang.

5. Ms. Diana Luspa, M.Pd., my beloved class teacher in Conversation 6-1,

thank you so much for the time, idea, support and patience in guiding me

to finish this paper.

6. All the teachers who have ever taught me in LB LIA Palembang for the

guidance and advices during my study here.

7. All of LB LIA staff.

8. My family, especially for my parents who always support me, thank you

for the support and motivation in making this paper.

 9. My lovely classmates of conversation class, thanks for being nice friends

and our sweet memories.

10. Everyone who helped me to make this paper, I am sorry I could not

mention them one by one.

In writing this paper, I realize that my paper is still far from being perfect.

Advice and suggestion will be acceptable with pleasure to make this paper better.

Finally, I hope this paper can give some information and be useful for the readers.

Palembang, December 2017

Wahyu Pusfasari
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PAGE OF APPROVAL.................................................................................... i

PREFACE......................................................................................................... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................. iv

OUTLINE......................................................................................................... v

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION.................................................................. 1

CHAPTER II : HOW TO UTILIZE RICE STRAW....................................... 3

A. Overview............................................................................ 3

B. The Bad Impacts of Burning Rice Straw........................... 6

C. The Ways to Utilize Rice Straw......................................... 7

CHAPTER III : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION.................................. 12

REFERENCES................................................................................................. 14
 OUTLINE

I. INTRODUCTION

Thesis Statement : “Rice straw can be utilized by converting it into

animal food and processing it into organic fertilizer”

II. HOW TO UTILIZE RICE STRAW

A. Overview

B. The Bad Impacts of Burning Rice Straw

C. The Ways to Utilize Rice Straw

1. Converting rice straw into animal food

2. Processing rice straw into organic fertilizer

III. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is an agrarian country which is rich in agriculture, forestry,

plantation, animal husbandry and fishery products. These natural conditions

provide opportunities for most of the people of Indonesia to conduct business

activities in agriculture and related to agriculture. The large number of

Indonesians who rely on their life from agriculture sector that agriculture has an

economic growth role in Indonesia.

Agriculture activities is mostly done by planting rice. In Indonesia the

production of rice crops is 75,361,200 tons in harvest area 14.115.000 ha, where

with land productivity 53,39 quintal/ha in 2015 (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2016).

Every year rice production has increased. The area of productive agriculture land

and the production of agriculture commodities which high will produce high

agriculture waste as well.

Rice straw is the remainder of the agriculture production process. Lack of

knowledge, many farmers still have the perception to resolve rice straw with the

way burned. Burning of waste has suffered losses because the nutrients contained

in the remaining crops can’t be used to be returned to the soil where the farmers

are cultivating agriculture. Burning waste can have a negative impact on

productivity, affect the income of farmers and can also damage soil structure and
texture and kill the life of microflora and fauna in the soil and also cause soil to

become barren and the crop is difficult to grow.

Rice straw is selected as material for agriculture waste processing.

Scientiest from Bogor Institute of Agriculture said that rice straw has potential

into animal food. Rice straw has content of nutrient that can be utilized in an

attempt to fulfill the needs of livestock. Scientiest from Hall Technology

Assessment Farm Riau said that rice straw has potential too into organic fertilizer,

the farmers explain that the organic fertilizer can enrich the soil. Sinarmas

Forestry Company propose a strategy to cope into the problem. In brief, rice

straw can be utilized by converting it into animal food and processing it into

organic fertilizer.
 CHAPTER II

HOW TO UTILIZE RICE STRAW

A. Overview

Picture 2.1. Rice Straw

(Source : http://kamicintapeternakan.blogspot.co.id/2015/03/kontribusi-pakan-
dalam-usaha-peternakan.html)

Rice straw is wasted materials in the agriculture sector. In conventional or

modern agriculture in general there is no waste management, because in

conventional agriculture all inputs such as fertilizer using chemicals. Rice straw is

considered as a material that is not important and has no economic value. That’s

why most of farmers burned it, because according to the opinion of farmers by
burning rice straw becomes more practical. Whereas if studied and processed, rice

straw can be processed into several new product of high economic value.

Rice straw is part of agriculture products whose processing needs

attention, because it can be a source of disaster for humans. If not properly treated

then rice straw is often a place of nesting pests and diseases and also the

occurrence of air pollution. Types of widely used of agriculture waste is rice straw

(Mariyono dan Romjali, 2007).

According to the Center for R & D of Agriculture Land Resources (2007),

weathering of these rice straw naturally takes 3-4 months more, thus helping to

conserve with the use of organic materials on agricultural lands. It will be even

more complicated if faced with an important planting period, very often less and

inefficient. One method of delivering rice straw to function immediately in the

improvement of soil properties and nutrient resolution is by organic fertilizer.

Besides being used as organic fertilizer, rice straw can also be used as

animal food through substrate fermentation technology waste. The technology

includes a substrate type fermented; stages, processes, and treatments or

conditions required during fermentation; enzyme-producing microorganisms

suitable for fermentation specific substrate; etc. It is emphasized that the

fermentation technology aimed at lowering the high fiber content in the solid

substrate while at the other side there is an increase in the nutritional value of

fermented materials. This can perfomed with the use of enzyme-producing

microorganisms to break down the fiber rough and increase protein levels.
 Rice straw is lignocellulosic waste that still have economic value when

further processing is done. In line with the development biotechnology, the

utilization of microbes in the bioconversion of waste can be done in order to get

the added value of the waste material into other products such as fertilizer and

animal food. In general, rice straw contains lignocellulosic material which is a

major component of the plant (Singhania, 2009).

The quality of rice straw is highly dependent on several factors such as

climatic conditions, harvest time, land conditions and cropping patterns. Rice

straw contains potentially digestable organic material, therefore rice straw is a

great source of energy of livestock.

Animal food can reduce the costs of farmers capital and organic fertilizer

can also replace the urea fertilizer that is often utilized by the community as the

one of plant intake, therefore Sinarmas Forestry is implementing Integrated

Management Program of farm without waste as a form activities of Creating

Shared Values (CSV) in Banyuasin. Previously this CSV was a development of

the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Rice straw was chosen

because rice crops is the most dominant food crops.

B. The Bad Impacts of Burning Rice Straw

Picture 2.2. Rice Straw with The Way Burned

(Source : https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-
umpSdso816o/WPrOyx6PdsI/AAAAAAAABEM/reRS5gmPz6k3gKKpNMTIoH
0_5lS05uK1gCLcB/s1600/dampak-buruk-membakar-jerami-padi.jpg)

Agriculture waste like rice straw usually burned with a large volume due

to technical reason of farmers. These conditions cause bad impacts both to living

things and to the environment. As for the bad impacts of rice straw with the way

burned are :

1. Removing the nutrients contained in rice straw. Not only the nutrients

contained in rice straw but by burning rice straw will also be destroyed the

nutrients found on the soil.

2. By burning rice straw, gradually the land will become barren, hard and its

productivity will fall, in other words the yield of rice gradually will decreases.
3. Can not bequeath land for farming activities to the next generation of farmers

because of the existence of the land is getting worse, this matter will lead to

reduced agriculture production in Indonesia and can become a rare thing in the

future.

4. Smoke generated from the burning of rice straw will cause air pollution and

disrupt the health of living things.

C. The Ways to Utilize Rice Straw

1. Converting Rice Straw Into Animal Food

Picture 2.3. Animal Food from Rice Straw

Utilization of rice straw as animal food is a wise alternative in an effort to

meet the nutritional needs for livestock. Given the provision of grass and

forage other food is very limited. Rice straw is highly affected by the pattern of

crop farming in a region, if abundantly non-conventionally this waste is used,

but the waste utilization is less optimal if not assisted by the role of bacteria, to
increase the potential of such waste that is used as animal food is by

fermentation techniques using various kinds of bacteria, rice straw that

previously less absorbed by livestock to be high in nutrients contained. As for

how to make animal food from rice straw as follows :

 Making animal food from rice straw

Making of fermented rice straw with open system. The open

fermentation process is carried out in a place protected from rain and direct

sunlight.

a. The ingredients used to produce 1 ton of fermented rice straw are: 1 ton

of fresh rice straw, Probion (probiotics) 2.5 kg, Urea 2.5 kg and enough

water.

b. The ways of making :

The manufacturing process is divided into two stages,

namely fermentative and drying and storage. In the first stage, freshly

harvested rice straw from the field is collected at the reserved site and is

expected to still have 60% water content. Fresh rice straw that will be

made into fermented rice straw dumped with a thickness of

approximately 20 cm and then sprinkled with Probion and urea. The

haystack can be done up to a height of about 3 meters. After mixing is

done evenly, then let stand for 21 days for the fermentative process can

take place properly. The second stage is the process of drying and

storage of fermented rice straw. Drying is done under the sun and

allowed to dry enough before it is stored in a sheltered place. After this

 drying process, then the fermented rice straw can be given to livestock

as a replacement for fresh grass.

2. Processing Rice Straw Into Organic Fertilizer

Utilization of rice straw as organic fertilizer is one way to reduce the

burning of rice straw. As for how to make organic fertilizer from rice straw as

follows :

 Making organic fertilizer from rice straw

How to make organic fertilizer there are several steps that need to

be done. Make organic fertilizer should be adjusted to the condition of the

area. Following the steps of organic fertilizer techniques include:

a. Material

1. Tarp

2. Large Bucket

3. Hand sprayer

4. Rice straw 1000 kg

5. EM4 1 liter

6. Urea Fertilizer 1 kg

7. Molasses (Cane Water) 1 kg

8. Bran 50 kg

9. Rice Husk 100 kg

10. Wood waste

11. Enough Water

b. The ways of making :

1. Doing the rice straw enumeration with small size, to make it easier

in the process of fermentation.

2. Mixing the husk, bran and rice straw until evenly spread across the

tarpaulin.

3. Then mixing EM4 and urea fertilizer and other additives into a

solution and input into great kettles.

4. Then sprinkle rice straw that has been mixed with some ingredients

with great kettles that contains the solution until mixed evenly.

5. After that inputing into large bucket with a thickness of 10 cm.

6. Repeating steps 4 to 5 and so continue until the container is full.

7. Closing with a plastic bag tightly or airtight and keep it in a certain

place without interruption.

8. Then let stand for several weeks.

If the fermentation process goes well, then the materials will

experience changes in color, texture, aroma and even will feel warm

when touched. But if the temperature in the container is too hot should

open the lid do the reverser in order to decompose all the materials

already fermented.
 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Rice straw in Indonesia continues to increase years by years. Increased

rice straw is due to productive area agriculture land and high production of rice

crops. The amount of post-harvest rice straw makes some farmers burn rice straw

without seeing the use value of rice straw itself. So, rice straw can be utilized by

converting it into animal food and processing it into organic fertilizer to avoid

burning agriculture waste.

First, rice straw can be utilized by converting it into animal food.

Utilization of rice straw as animal food is a wise alternative in an effort to meet

the nutritional needs for livestock. Given the provision of grass and forage other

food is very limited. Rice straw contains nutrient that good for livestock. The

ways to making animal food is also assisted using fermentation materials to

produce animal food with higher nutrient content.

Second, rice straw can be utilized by processing it into organic fertilizer.

Utilization of rice straw as organic fertilizer is one way to reduce the burning of

rice straw. Make organic fertilizer should be adjusted to the condition of the area.

Organic fertilizer from rice straw can improve a lot of thing both for humans and

environment.
 In conclusion, the utilize of rice straw is the best strategy to avoid burning

rice straw that have many the bad impacts. In addition, rice straw contains a lot of

good nutrients used for animal food and organic fertilizer. Now by utilizing rice

straw we can take part to save the environment for a better future.
 REFERENCES

Irianto, Ketut. (2015). Diktat Agriculture Waste Management.

Agroecotechnology. Warmadewa University.

Kurniawan, Fredi. (2017). How to Make Compost Fertilizer From Rice Straw.
Retrieved from http://fredikurniawan.com/cara-membuat-pupuk-
kompos-dari-jerami-padi/

Mariyono & Romjali E. (2007). Technical Instructions for Inexpensive Feed

Technology for Cattle Breeding Business. Center for Livestock
Research and Development, Pasuruan.

Nurhayati. (2010). Potential of Agricultural Waste as Local Organic Fertilizer

in Dry Lowland Climate Weather Area. Center for Assessment of
Agricultural Technology Riau. Page 193-198

Singhania. (2009). Cellulolytic Enzymes. Biotechnology for Agro-Industrial

Residues Utilization. Chapter 20, 371-381.

Fermented Straw. (n.d). Retrieved from http://fortuna-

megah.com/index.php/article/84-jerami-fermentasi-panduan-lengkap-
cara-membuat-fermentasi-jerami-dan-cara-pemberian-pakan-jerami-
fermentasi-pada-ternak