Career &

Technical

Multiview Drawing
Demonstrate orthographic projection
techniques and principles as they
apply to multiview drawings.
 Career &
Technical

Multiview Drawing
Explain the concepts and
principles underlying the creation
of multiview drawings.
 Multiview Drawing

Another name for orthographic projection

is multiview drawing

Involves visualization and

implementation
 Ability to see clearly in the mind’s eye an
object
 Process of drawing the object
 Multiview Drawing

A system that allows you to make a

two-dimensional drawing of a three-
dimensional object
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 Viewing Objects

A box is formed by
six mutually
perpendicular
planes of projection
that are located
around the object
 Viewing Objects

Lines are formed on the planes by

projecting the edges of the object onto
the planes

 These images are

called “views”
 There are six views

formed by the
planes of a box
 Viewing Objects

Unfolding the box produces an

arrangement of the six views

TOP

BACK L.SIDE FRONT R.SIDE

BOTTOM
Angles of Projection

First-angle projection
 Used by many European
countries
 Object is projected onto planes
from the first angle or quadrant
 Front view projected to vertical
plane
 Top view projected to horizontal
plane
 Left-side view projected to profile
plane
 Angles of Projection

Third-angle projection
 Standard for the United States
 Third quadrant is used for
TOP VIEW projection
 Front view projected to
vertical plane
 Top view projected to
horizontal plane
 Right-side view projected to
profile plane
FRONT VIEW RSIDE
 Viewing Objects

Each view is placed in a

constant location relative
to the other views
Each view must be
placed in its correct
position
Views and features must
be aligned
 Choosing Views

Most commonly used 2.00

views TOP VIEW

5.13

Front View
2.88
1.63 1.25
 Ø1.52
45°

 Top View 3.50

Right Side View

2.50
2.25

 1.50

Most descriptive view FRONT VIEW R. SIDE

VIEW
is typically designated
as the Front View
 Choosing Views

Complex objects require three

views to describe its shape
Simple objects can be described
with two views
 Ex: Soda Can
Thin objects can be described with
only one view
 Depth is given in a note
 Ex: Erasing Shield
 Choosing the Views

Objects described in two views

 Third view would add nothing to
the description of the object
 Carefully select views to
describe shape of objects
accurately
 Curved Surfaces
CYLINDER CONE

Some curved
surfaces do
not show as
curves in all
views
WHEEL FRUSTRUM
 Object Dimensions

All objects have 3

dimensions
 Height

 Distance from top

to bottom

HEIGHT
 Width
 Distance from side
to side WI
DT
H
 Depth EPT
H
D
 Distance from the
front to back
 Object Dimensions

Front View
 Shows width & height
Top View
Shows width & depth

DEPTH


Side View TOP VIEW

WIDTH
DEPTH
 Shows height & depth

HEIGHT
FRONT VIEW R. SIDE
VIEW
Drawing Views of Objects

Depth can be projected between

views by using a 45° miter line
TOP VIEW

R. SIDE
FRONT VIEW
 Line Types - Visible

Edges that can be seen in a given

view areVisible or Object lines
Visible lines are thick and dark
 .028” or .7mm
 3B-5BHB lead

FRONT VIEW
 Line Types - Hidden

Edges that cannot be seen from a

given view are indicated by Hidden
lines

TOP VIEW
 Line Types - Hidden

Drawing hidden lines

 .125” (3mm) dashes
 .0625” (1mm) spaces between dashes

 Thin: .020” (.5mm)

 Dark: F or HB lead

.125"

.0625"
 Line Types - Hidden

Follow rules for hidden line

placement
 Alphabet of Lines
 Line Types – Center

Center lines indicate axes

of symmetry

TOP VIEW
 Line Types – Center

Perpendicular lines for circular objects

 Small dashes cross at the center point of
feature
 One center line drawn to indicate
longitudinal axis of cylinder or hole

R. SIDE
FRONT VIEW VIEW
 Line Types - Center

Draw center lines using a series of long

and short dashes
 .125” (3mm) short dash @ the center
 .75”- 1.5” (20mm-40mm) long dash
 .0625” (1mm) spaces between dashes
 Thin: .02” (5mm)
Long dash extends .125” to .25” beyond
feature .125"

.75" - 1.5" .0625"

 Precedence of Lines

Which line should be drawn when

two lines coincide?
 Visible line coincides with hidden or
center line
 Visible line is shown
 Hidden line coincides with center line
 Hidden line is shown
 Placement of Views

Views should be visually balanced

within the working space

2.00

TOP VIEW

5.13
2.88
1.63 1.25

Ø2.22
45°

3.00

2.00
1.75
1.50

FRONT VIEW R. SIDE VIEW

SPECIAL CAM R. MIGLIORATO 5/9/03 SCALE 1:1 16-52 12 NBHS

Steps for Centering a Drawing

Draw in views using light construction

lines

2.00 TOP VIEW

1.50

R. SIDE
3.00 FRONT VIEW VIEW

5.13 1.50 2.00

 Adding Details

Add holes and features

Transfer horizontal and vertical features
Use miter line to transfer depth

TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW R. SIDE VIEW

SPECIAL CAM R. MIGLIORATO 5/9/03 SCALE 1:1 16-52 12 NBHS

STEP 1. Draw the vertical and horizontal axis.
Space between top view and front view

Length

FRONT VIEW

STEP 2. Divide the axis by indicating marking lines

according to the given dimensions of the width of
the top view, height of the front view and space
between top view and front view.
Space between top view
and front view

FRONT VIEW

STEP 3. Construct the enclosing box of the top view and front view by
projecting the marking lines horizontally and vertically.
Space between top
view and front view
0
45

Length

FRONT VIEW

STEP 4. Construct diagonal line at 45 degrees angle using

45 deg. X 45 deg. Triangle from the upper right
corner of the enclosing box of the front view.
 INTERSECTING POINT

0
45

Length

FRONT VIEW

STEP 5. Project down the two intersecting points to get the

width of the right side view and to form its
enclosing box.
 INTERSECTING POINT

0
45

Length

FRONT VIEW

STEP 6. Divide proportioning distance of top view and

front view by indicating marking lines.
 INTERSECTING POINT

0
45

FRONT VIEW

STEP 7. Draw the details of top view front view and side
view by projecting the marking lines horizontally
and vertically.
 INTERSECTING POINT

0
45

FRONT VIEW

STEP 8. Darken the final edges of the top view, front view
and right side view
 INTERSECTING POINT

0
45

FRONT VIEW

STEP 9. Divide the provided space for dimensioning by

indicating marking lines.
 INTERSECTING POINT

0
45

FRONT VIEW

STEP 10. Sketch light lines for dimension lines and

extension lines by projecting the marking lines
horizontally and vertically.
 INTERSECTING POINT

40
0
45

FRONT VIEW

STEP 11. Draw final dimension lines and extension lines.

.
.
 INTERSECTING POINT

10 10 30

40 10
0
45

16

40

12

FRONT VIEW

STEP 12. Indicate the measurements.

.
.
 TOP VIEW

10 10 30

40 10

16

40

12

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW

STEP 13. Label the top, front and right side views.
Finally, erase the construction lines.
.
 Career &
Technical

Multiview Drawing
Visualize objects and views
 Normal Surfaces

Normal surfaces appear as an edge in

two opposite principal views, and
appear a surface in all other principal
views.
 Inclined Surfaces

Inclined surfaces appear as an edge in

two opposite principal views, and appear
foreshortened (not true size) in all other
principal views.
 Oblique Surfaces

Oblique surfaces do not appear either as

an edge or true size in any principal view.
 Intersections & Tangencies

Where a curved surface is tangent to a

plane surface, no line should be shown
where they join

NO LINE

NO
LINE
 Intersections & Tangencies

Where a plane surface intersects a

curved surface, an edge is formed

LINE

LINE
 Intersections & Tangencies

Where the plane surface is horizontal or

vertical, exceptions to these rules may
occur

LINE
VERTICAL
SURFACE
Multiview Exercise