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Geography Form Four

Structure of a volcano
Source: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpf9mnb/revision/2

Structure and distinctive features of volcanoes

Volcanoes have distinctive features:

 magma chamber - this is where the molten rock is stored beneath the ground
 main vent - this is the channel through which magma travels to reach the Earth's
surface
 secondary vent - some magma may escape through the side of the volcano,
particularly if the main vent becomes blocked
 crater - this is found at the top of the volcano, where the magma erupts from
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Volcano locations

Volcanoes form when magma, which is molten rock from beneath the Earth's crust,
reaches the surface. The magma erupts to form lava.

Volcanoes usually form along plate boundaries, where tectonic plates are either
moving towards or away from one another:

 Divergent (or constructive) boundaries - this is where two plates move away
from one another. Magma rises up to fill the gaps between.
 Convergent boundaries - this is where two plates move towards one another. The
oceanic crust sinks beneath the continental crust at a subduction zone - a point
where one crustal plate is forced beneath another. As the oceanic crust sinks
into the mantle, it creates magma, which rises to form an explosive volcano.

Mount Aso in Japan

Watch the videos then answer the questions below:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS7_mGZeG_Q

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WgktM2luLok
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1. Label the diagram below

Answer the following questions:

2. What is a volcano?
A volcano is a vent in the earth’s crust where magma escapes to the surface.
3. State the difference between lava and magma.
Magma is molten rock inside the earth and lava is molten rock when it comes out of a volcano.
4. Name the plate margins where volcanoes are formed.
The plate margins where volcanoes are formed are destructive or convergent plate margin and
constructive or divergent plate margin.