GEO VOLCANOES PROJEKT mantle, it creates magma,

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z which rises to form an explosive

gh79qt/revision/3 volcano. Hot spots are areas
on Earth where magma is hotter
than surrounding magma. It is
located over a mantle or an
● definition: A volcano is an
area under the rocky outer layer
opening in a planet or moon’s
of Earth, called the crust,
crust through which molten
rock, hot gasses, and other
● types-activity: active, dormant,
materials erupt. Volcanoes often
erupting, extinct- Active
form a hill or mountain as layers
volcanoes have a recent history
of rock and ash build up from
of eruptions; they are likely to
repeated eruptions.
erupt again. Dormant volcanoes
● where do they occur ? Volcanoes
have not erupted for a very long
are found on both land and the
time but may erupt at a future
ocean floor. When volcanoes
time. Erupting volcanoes erupt
erupt on the ocean floor, they
magma which is called lava.
often create underwater
Extinct volcanoes are not
mountains and mountain ranges
expected to erupt in the future.
as the released lava cools and
● types-structure: stratovolcanoes-
hardens. Volcanoes on the
created by eruptions and following
ocean floor become islands
effusions of lava, they are made of
when the mountains become so
layers of lava volcanic fragments
large they rise above the
of different size
surface of the ocean. Volcanoes
shield volcanoes- they produce
usually form along plate
only lava, volcanoes are not steep
boundaries, where tectonic
because the lava is very fluid when
plates are either moving
erupted, they do not explode
towards or away from one
● structure:
another:Divergent (or
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/gui
constructive) boundaries -
des/zpf9mnb/revision/2
this is where two plates move
● + - effects:
away from one another. Magma
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/gui
rises up to fill the gaps
des/zpf9mnb/revision/3
between.Convergent
● monitoring:https://www.bbc.co.uk/
boundaries - this is where two
bitesize/guides/zpf9mnb/revision/5
plates move towards one
● lava flow-
another. The oceanic crust
sinks beneath the continental
crust at a subduction zone - a SOURCES:
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/volcanoes/

point where one crustal plate https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpf9mnb/revision/1

https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/shield-volcanoes-0

is forced beneath another. As

the oceanic crust sinks into the
https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/lava-flows-destroy-everything-their-path
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/pyroclastic-flow/
https://www.britannica.com/science/lahar
https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/glossary/vei.html
https://sierra.sitehost.iu.edu/papers/2013/hamdan.pdf
Volcanoes are openings in a planet or
moon's crust through which molten
rock, hot gasses and other materials
erupt. They form a hill or mountain as
layers of rock and ash build up from
repeated eruptions.
They are found on ocean floors and
land. They occur on plate boundaries,
where tectonic plates are moving
towards each (convergent boundaries)
other or away (divergent boundaries).
Hotspot is a place where intense heat
in the mantle rises towards the crust.
When magma reaches the surface it
creates volcanoes.
active- recent eruption history of
eruption, they are likely to erupt again.
dormant- these volcanoes have not
erupted in a long time but may erupt in
the future.
extinct- these volcanoes are expected
not to erupt in the future.
eruptive- volcanoes that erupt magma
(lava).
stratovolcanoes- created by eruptions
and following effusions of lava, they
are made of layers of lava, volcanic
fragments of different sizes.
shield volcanoes- they produce only
lava, volcanoes are not steep because
the lava is very fluid when erupted,
they do not explode.
magma chamber- place where the
molten rock is stored beneath the
ground.
main vent- channel through which
magma travels to reach the Earth's
surface.
secondary vent- some magma can
escape through the side of the volcano,
particularly when the main vent is
blocked. crater- this is found at the top
of a volcano, where the magma erupts
from.
secondary cone- cone that builds up
around secondary vents.
ash- powdery residue left after the
burning of a compound.
steam and gas- clouds which are
pushed out of the volcano.
volcanic bombs- large blocks of hot
rock thrown from a volcano.
Scientists monitor volcanoes so they
can predict their eruption. They use
seismometers- measures earthquakes
occurring near an eruption.
tiltmeters and GPS satellites- monitor
any changes in landscape, volcanoes
tend to swell near eruption.
They measure temperatures-
volcanoes become hotter when magma
starts to rise.
VEI- volcanic explosivity index- a
numeric scale that measures the relative
explosivity of historic eruptions.
Volume of products, height of cloud
and qualitative observations are used to
determine the explosivity value.
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SOURCES:
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/volcanoes/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpf9mnb/revision/1
https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/shield-volcanoes-0
https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/lava-flows-destroy-everything-their
-path
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/pyroclastic-flow/
https://www.britannica.com/science/lahar
https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vsc/glossary/vei.html
https://sierra.sitehost.iu.edu/papers/2013/hamdan.pdf