Let's Do Science: Unit 7

Unit 7 7
Let’s do science
Focus on
Science 275
Nature 298
Job hopping
Scientists then, now and
soon 286
Shuffle
Sir Isaac Newton 291
Digging deeper
Presenting to the class 283
How to …
Place an order 304
Reading matters
Prescriptive scientific
report: lab instructions 294
Bizz App
Wildlife service 308
On the spot
273
Eureka! How much science do you know?
Do you know your acid from your alkali? Or are you a bit basic?
1) What do you get when you react acid with base?
a) Carbon dioxide, water and sulphide.
b) Salt and water.
c) No reaction takes place.
2) What percentage of the atmosphere is oxygen?

a) 46% b) 21% c) 79 %
3) Which of these is not an element?

a) tin b) water c) helium
4) Which common item is basic?
a) b) c)
5) Which animal isn’t a mammal?

a) a whale b) a turtle c) a donkey
6) Where in the body is insulin produced?

a) the liver b) the pancreas c) the stomach
7) What is the pH of your stomach?

a) 7 b) 2 c) 11
8) What’s the name of the gap between two neurons?

a) the synapse b) the lacuna c) the axon
9) Which part of your eye contains light receptors?

a) the cornea b) the retina c) the iris
10) How do particles in a solid move?

a) They vibrate around a fixed position.
b) They move around each other.
c) They don’t move.
11) What sort of energy does a book resting on a shelf have?

a) gravitational potential energy
b) kinetic energy
c) elastic potential energy
12) How old is the solar system?

a) 4.6 billion years b) 9.6 billion years c) 13.9 billion years
More than 8 correct answers? Between 5 and 8 correct? Less than 5 correct answers?
Congratulations, you really You are on your way to You didn’t get many of these
know your stuff. You’re a real become a real genius. But right, but look on the bright
whizz kid! there is still work ahead. side – that just means you’ve
got more to discover in the
world of science!
274 Unit 7 Let’s do science

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1 Focus on … Science
1 Watch the one-minute computer animation.

What is it about?
❐❐ A system to catch fish on an industrial scale.
❐❐ A system to trap and sieve out plastic particles from the

water.
❐❐ A system to generate electricity by means of ocean waves.
❐❐ A system to prevent oil spills from spreading any further.
2 Read the text about the invention.
The Dutch boy mopping up a sea of

plastic
By Vibeke Venema
Boyan Slat is a 20-year-old on a mission – to rid the world’s oceans of floating

plastic. He has dedicated his teenage years to finding a way of collecting it. But
can the system really work – and what is the point when so much new plastic
waste is still flowing into the sea every day?
“I don’t understand why ‘obsessive’ has a negative connotation, I’m an obsessive
and I like it,” says Boyan Slat. “I get an idea and I stick to it.”
This idea came to him at the age of 16, in the summer of 2011, when diving
in Greece. “I saw more plastic bags than fish,” says Slat. He was shocked, and
even more shocked that there was no solution. “Everyone said to me: ‘Oh there’s
nothing you can do about plastic once it gets into the oceans,’ and I wondered
whether that was true.”
Unit 7 Let’s do science 275

Over the last 30 to 40 years, millions of tonnes of plastic have entered the oceans.
Global production of plastic now stands at 288 million tonnes per year, of which
10% ends up in the ocean in time. Most of that – 80% – comes from land-based
sources. Litter gets swept into drains, and ends up in rivers – so that plastic straw
or cup lid you dropped, the cigarette butt you threw on the road… they could all
end up in the sea.
The plastic is carried by currents* and comes together in five revolving* water
systems, called gyres, in the major oceans, the most infamous* being the huge
Pacific Garbage Patch, half way between Hawaii and California.
Although the concentration of plastic in these areas is high, it’s still spread out
over an area twice the size of Texas. What’s more, the plastic does not stay in one
spot, it rotates. These factors make a clean-up incredibly challenging.
“Most people have this image of an island of trash that you can almost walk on,
but that’s not what it’s like,” says Slat. “It stretches for millions of square kilometres
– if you went there to try and clean up by ship it would take thousands of years.”
Not only that, it would be very costly in terms of both money and energy, and fish
would be accidentally caught in the nets.
Slat had always enjoyed working out solutions to puzzles, and while thinking
about this one, it came to him – rather than chase plastic, why not use the currents
a current: and wait for it to come to you?
a steady flow of the sea or
ocean At school, Slat developed his idea further as part of a science project. A series of
revolving: floating barriers, anchored* to the sea bed, would first catch and concentrate the
rotating, moving around a floating debris. The plastic would move along the barriers towards a platform,
central axis
infamous:
where it could then be efficiently extracted. The ocean current would pass
well-known for a bad underneath the barriers, taking all sea life with it. There would be no emissions*,
reason and no nets for marine life to get caught in. The collected ocean plastic would be
emission: recycled and made into products – or oil.
gases being released into
the air The high school science project was awarded Best Technical Design at Delft
to anchor:
to hold an object, espe-
University of Technology. For most teenagers, it would probably have ended there,
cially a ship or a boat to a but Slat was different. He had been interested in engineering from a very young
fixed point age. “First I built tree houses, then zip-wires*, then it evolved towards bigger
a zip-wire: things,” he says. “By the time I was 13, I was very interested in rocket science.”
a zip line; a cable mecha-
nism used for transpor- This led him to set a Guinness World Record for the most water rockets launched
tation across a river or at the same time. “The experience taught me how to get people crazy enough to
travelling from one point do things you want, and how to approach sponsors.” Useful skills, as it turned out.
to another

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When Slat began studying aerospace engineering at Delft University, the idea of
cleaning up the oceans just wouldn’t let him go. He set up a foundation, The Ocean
Cleanup, and explained his concept in a TedX Talk: How the Oceans can Clean
Themselves. Then, six months into his course, he made the decision to pause both
university and social life to try make it a reality.
His entire budget consisted of 200 euros (£160) of saved-up pocket money, so he
spent a few lonely months trying to get sponsorship. “It was so disheartening*,
because no-one was interested,” he says. “I remember one day contacting 300
companies for sponsorship – only one replied, and that, too, resulted in a dead
end.”
Boyan Slat with some of the ocean plastic his team have collected
But then something happened. On 26 March 2013, months after it had gone
online, Slat’s TedX talk went viral. “It was unbelievable,” he says. “Suddenly we got
hundreds of thousands of people clicking on our site every day. I received about
1,500 emails per day in my personal mailbox from people volunteering to help.”
He set up a crowd-funding platform that made $80,000 in 15 days.
Slat still doesn’t know what made his idea take off like that, but he describes it as a
great relief. “A year ago I wasn’t sure it would succeed,” he says. “But considering
the size of the problem it was important to try at least.” Meanwhile, as his friends
lead normal carefree lives, Slat still works 15-hour days. “I haven’t seen my friends
for ages, they try to annoy me by telling me how much fun university is,” he says.
disheartening: Slat doesn’t think his youth has held him back, if anything it may have been an
discouraging advantage: “Not only does it make the story more appealing, but I think I’m very
a rallying cry: enthusiastic about my concept and that really helped,” he says.
a slogan used to get sup-
port for a cause Besides, he had everything to go for. “I had nothing to lose except my study
Source:
income, so it was not a worry,” he says. “If you want to do something, do it as soon
www.bbc.com/news/ as possible.” A rallying cry* to teenage inventors everywhere.
magazine-29631332
1) In the text, you can find five different words for ‘things that people throw away’. Can you find
them? Write them down.
a) waste d) trash
b) litter e) debris
c) garbage

2) In the green boxes you will find sentences with underlined nouns or adjectives. Can you find the
matching verbs in the text? Write them in the empty boxes.
t so 4) He received the Master

e healthcare is no
1) Access to simpl tri es. Mechanic Award for his
loping coun benaderen
easy in many deve lifetime accomplishments
bestaan uit in the field.
1) to develop
4) to award
2) The scientific approach
towards research has to be (op)star ten 5) The consistency of my
rational and organised. brownies is perfect,
crunchy at the edge and
chewy in the centre.
evolueren 2) to approach
5) to consist
experiment,
3) In a controlled
: the
you use two setups n is
control setup an d th e 6) The evolution of ma
rn ey fro m
tu p. a 3 million jou
experimental se ps to the een prijs
Africa’s treeto toekenne
sful n
phenomenally succes
3) to set up animals we are no w.
6) to evolve
(zich) ontwikkelen
3) Now, make your own Vocabulary Patch by drawing arrows between a sample sentence, the
matching verb and the correct Dutch translation, as shown in the example. Then complete the box
below.
verb verb noun noun translation translation

1)
1) to develop a development (zich) ontwikkelen
2)
2) to approach an approach benaderen
3) to set up
3) a setup (op)starten
4) to award
4) an award een prijs toekennen
5)
5) to consist consistency bestaan uit
6)
6) to evolve an evolution evolueren
4) Complete the sentences with words from exercises 1 and 2. You can either use a noun, an
adjective or a verb.
a) 30 years ago nobody could have imagined that 3D-printers would be … developed
by the end of the 20th century.
b) Did you know that birds … from dinosaurs? evolved

c) In the US there are science and technology competitions for high
school students with … as high as $ 100,000 scholarships. awards
d) It’s important for a scientist to … an experiment that can be repeated set up
by other scientists, who expect to come to the same conclusion.

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e) In this case, we will have to … the problem logically. approach

f) Iodised salt … of table salt mixed with an amount of potassium consists of
iodide.
g) The engineers who were … this technology, faced several big developing
obstacles.
h) How can you not be sad at the sight of albatross chicks that have
died after eating pieces of plastic … ? litter / garbage / trash / waste
5) Complete the following sentences using an underlined word from the text.
a) The teacher frowned at his students’ suggestion to build a rocket

for his … . science project
b) All the pupils found different … to the same mathematical problem. solutions
c) The Persian Gulf is the most polluted … in the world! area
d) Einstein’s theory of relativity introduced new … of space and time. concepts
e) This garage will hire you if you have some … with working on experience
motorcycles.
f) This electrical technology … introduces the basic laws of electricity course

and safety procedures when working with electricity.
3 Do the exercises with the help of the text.

1) Write your own title for this article. The best way to do this is to determine the overall theme, think
of the way this article was published (Internet article) and who will be the audience. Do you find a
catchy phrase or an interesting quote? Maybe you could use it in your title. Personal answer.
2) What surprises you most about this article? Personal answer.

3) What are the traits that characterise Boyan? Personal answer.
4) How does plastic end up in the ocean? Number the pictures. Take a piece of paper and write a
short paragraph to describe how this happens. Remember what you’ve learned about conjunctions
in units 1 and 3!
1 5 3
2 4

4 Discuss. Personal answer.
• Have you ever invented something?
• Are you good at working out practical solutions to
problems?
• In which area are you most talented?
• What does it take to be an inventor? And a businessman
or woman?
• Have you got what it takes or does it appeal to you?
5a Listen and watch the Quirky Company video and answer the questions on a piece of paper.
1) What was the reason the 7-year-old boy invented something?
2) How did he manage to get his invention on the market?
3) Is it simple to get your product marketed by Quirky?
4) Who chooses which ideas will be developed eventually?
5) What was the reason that Ben Kaufman founded the company?
6) Which three other inventions are featured in this news item?
5b Now, listen again but without image. Find out how it is said in the news report.
1) Make your idea succeed strongly and rapidly.
to make it fly
2) Maybe he does not look suitable for a particular situation.
he may not look the part
3) He got the idea because he was frustrated.
it was born out of frustration
4) Picked up the idea and worked with it independently.
took up the idea and ran with it
5) To seek help and support from over a million people who follow their website.
to reach out to a community
6) He has earned $780,000 and it is still going up.
and counting
7) Thinking in a strikingly original way.
thinking outside the box

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6a Have a look at the Invention Process Flowchart and complete it using the steps from the green
box. In which stage of the invention process does the Quirky Company come in?
Brainstorm solutions – Test the model – Develop a plan – Manage the invention –
Design and build a model – Select a solution – Identify a need or want – Conduct research
http://scifiles.larc.nasa.gov/
Invention Process Flowchart

What 1) Identify a need or a
do you
need?
want
2) Brainstorm solutions
3) Select a solution
4) Conduct research
5) Develop a plan
N A
PL
6) Design and build a

model
7) Test the model
The
amazing 8) Manage the
square! invention
Evaluate your invention

process and product

6b Each step of the invention process flowchart is explained further. Match each explanation with
the correct step. The explanations are jumbled.
1) Identify a need or want.

2) Brainstorm solutions.
3) Select a solution.
4) Conduct research.
5) Develop a plan.
6) Design and build a model.
7) Test the model.
8) Manage the invention.
9) Evaluate your invention process and product.
a) Survey your friends and family and verify your solution. 3

b) Survey peers, family or community members. 1
c) Start your own business or market your invention. 8
d) Share the invention. 8
e) Research your invention. 4
f) Plan how to develop your invention. 5
g) Place the invention on public display. 8
h) Name your chosen solution / invention. 3
i) Make needed changes to your invention. 7
j) Make a sketch or drawing. 6
k) Make a model or prototype. 6
l) Look at all the solutions. 3
m) Identify strengths and weaknesses of your invention / innovation. 9
n) Identify strengths and weaknesses of your invention process. 9
o) Generate possible ideas by using a brainstorming strategy. 2
p) Evaluate each solution by using the criteria and identify the best solution. 3
q) Enter an invention contest. 8
r) Develop a list of criteria to evaluate all your solution ideas. 3
s) Determine if the invention can be improved. 6
t) Demonstrate what the model does. 7
u) Decide on materials. 6
v) Collect feedback on your invention. 7
w) Apply for a patent. 8
7 Sit in groups of three. Together, follow the first three steps of the invention process to invent a
new product or service. When you’re finished explain it to the class.
Personal answer.

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2 Digging deeper … Presenting to the class
8 Watch the first minutes of Boyan Slat’s TEDtalk on cleaning up the ocean that went viral. Then
answer the questions.
1) Tick off below what Boyan is doing right while giving his speech.
❐❐He knows what he is talking about, but doesn’t rattle off his story by heart.
❐❐The structure of his presentation is clear: he introduces the topic, tells what it is about and
repeats as a conclusion.
❐❐He uses gestures to emphasise words.

❐❐He makes eye contact with everybody in the group, but does not stare at them.
❐❐His facial expressions are consistent with what he is saying; a sad expression for sad words, a
happy expression for happy words.
❐❐He is interested in what he is doing and his body language shows it.
❐❐He moves around but not too much.
❐❐He does not speak too quickly.
❐❐The visual aids support what he is saying.
❐❐He takes time to answer questions at the end.
2) Is there anything else you’ve noticed that he is doing well?
3) What could he be doing better?
TIP: Next time you watch people on television doing e.g. a cookery show, see what they are doing and
pick up the good ideas.
9 When presenting, what you say is not always as important as how you say it. A good presenter
uses body language and voice to maintain the audience's interest and to help them understand
his or her message.
Can you select some signs of positive body language off the list above?
Personal answer.
10 Name the signs of positive body language.
1 2 3 4
Making good eye Use appropriate facial

Use of gestures Moving around
contact expressions
11 Now some volunteers will demonstrate through body language the feelings your teacher gives
them. The rest of the class identify the feelings being demonstrated.
Personal answer.

12 Read about the following human powered gadgets.
No answer.
energy
The Soccket Ball allows you to harvest
the ball, ther e is
while playing football. Inside
whic h capt ures the
a small internal pendulum,
s on a gene rato r
energy of movement. It turn
batt ery. After 30
connected to a rechargeable
a
minutes of playing football, you can light
conn ectin g it to the
LED-lamp for 30 minutes by
waterproof socket in the ball.
Thermoelectric flashlight:
This thermoelectric flashlight needs
nothing but the heat of your hand to
illuminate several bright LEDs. This
design is ergonomic, thermodynamically
efficient, and only needs a five degree
temperature difference to work and
produce up to 5.4 mW at 5 foot candles
of brightness. It works by means of
Peltier tiles. The colder it is, the brighter
the flashlight glows.
some
nPowerPeg: Walking instead of driving is a great way to burn
there’s no reason for all
calories without producing toxic emissions, but
The nPowe rPEG is a
those calories to simply go to waste as body fuel.
compact device that looks kind of like a shock absorb er.
Hang it off your backpack or simply toss it inside,
and this gadget will harvest the kinetic energy of your
stepping movements and send it to an on-board battery.
You’ll never have to search for an outlet, and your
devices will never run out of power.

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Recharge sleeping bag: Music festivals and

camping trips are both staple summer activities,
but both put us far from an available power outlet.
Although it’s nice to unplug, it’s also nice to have
a working mobile phone in case your friends get
lost or someone gets injured. Now there is the
‘Recharge Sleeping Bag,’ a sleeping bag that
can harvest thermal energy from body heat
and use it to charge your phone. Eight hours
in the sleeping bag will translate to roughly 24
minutes of talking time.
Source: http://inhabitat.com/6-human-powered-gadgets-to-improve-your-life
13a Imagine you are the inventor of one of the gadgets you just read about. You are going to give a
short talk to an interested crowd of possible sponsors.
If you want to, you can also present the invention you made previously in this unit. Personal answer.
What? Keep a short presentation (about three minutes) to convince possible sponsors to invest
in your product.
Why? To prove that you can speak interestingly and convincingly, focusing on good body
language.
What matters? Good use of the tips on giving a good presentation, language and grammar, whether
you come across convincingly.
How? 1) Read the information about how the invention of your choice works, so you know
what you are talking about.
2) Find some reasons why your invention is useful and is more than just a gadget. Can
it be useful for developing countries? Can it be useful to make our world a cleaner
world? Is there a gap in the market for this? What possible problems can be solved
by your invention?
3) Decide on how to structure your information: look for an interesting opener to your
presentation. Then present how your gadget works, the reason why your sponsors
should invest in it and end with a strong conclusion. (Introduce, tell, repeat)
4) Because this presentation is in English, pay special attention to the pronunciation of
difficult words, on variation in tenses (don’t get stuck on the same tense throughout
your presentation)
5) A good presentation takes thought and practice. Therefore, practise at home, in front
of a mirror, in front of your family, friends, … . Practise your body language as well!
6) Make use of a short PowerPoint presentation, and keep in mind what you learned
about it in unit 6!
13b Your teacher will hand out an evaluation form and appoint a student you have to assess. Fill out
the form during his / her presentation and hand it to him / her afterwards.
Personal answer.

3 Job hopping Scientists then, now and soon

• What jobs do you know in the scientific sector?
• Do you know of any jobs that no longer exist because modern science has made them obsolete*?
obsolete:
out-of-date, no longer in use
15a Here are some jobs from the past. First, match the jobs with the pictures by drawing arrows.
Then make sentences with the given facts on the next page. Remember to use the correct past
tense, as you saw in unit 1, because these jobs no longer exist.
1 5
a leech* collector
a computer
2 6
a food tester
an alchemist
3 an ale-conner 7
an artificer
a gas manager
4 8
a philosophical
instrument maker
a leech:
een bloedzuiger

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1) leech collector / to collect / leeches / for medicinal bloodletting / by wading into marshes/ and /
letting / bloodsuckers / cling / to their legs
Leech collectors collected leeches for medicinal bloodletting by wading intomarshes and letting
bloodsuckers cling to their legs.
2) food tester / eat / food / first / to ensure / it / not / to be poisoned
A food tester ate food first to ensure it wasn’t poisoned.
3) alchemist / to be / medieval chemist / who / to claim / to be able / to turn / base metals into
gold
An alchemist was a medieval chemist who claimed to be able to turn base metals into gold.
4) ale-conner / to be / someone / who / to test / quality and measure of ale / served in public
houses
An ale-conner was someone who tested quality and measure of ale served in public houses.
5) computer / to perform / numerical calculations* / under the direction of a mathematician

A computer performed numerical calculations under the direction of a mathematician.
6) gas manager / to be / a foreman / to check / for poisonous gas / in coal mine shafts
A gas manager was a foreman who checked for poisonous gas in coal mine shafts.
7) philosophical instrument maker / to make / scientific instruments

A philosophical instrument maker made scientific instruments.
8) artificer / to be / highly respected skilled* / worker or craftsman

An artificer was a highly-respected skilled worker or craftsman.
calculations: skilled:
berekeningen bekwaam, competent
15b Which jobs do you think each of these past jobs have been replaced by in the present time?
Or have they been replaced by modern technology? Answer with a full sentence and make
correct combinations.
a) a technician d) a doctor
b) a food technician e) a mechanical engineer
c) a lab technician or lab assistant f) has been replaced by technology
11 2 2
3 4 35 6 4 7 85 6 7 8
d, f (*) b c b f f e a
(*) Nowadays a syringe is used to draw blood.

16 Which science careers will exist in the future? Complete the grid with the future jobs you hear
about in the clip. Write down what the people will do or will be doing. Remember to use the
correct future forms, as you learned in unit 4.
future jobs future jobs this person … this person ...

An in-store 3D printer will use 3D printers to copy and manufacture things in retail
will use 3D printers to copy and manufacture things in
An in-store 3D printer locations on demand.
retail locations on demand.
will upgrade people's bodies to give them beyond-human
6 A transhumanist surgeon or a doctor
capabilities.
will cure diseases or otherwise alter the human body by
5 A human DNA programmer
reprogramming a patient's DNA.
4 A cosmetic bio-printer will make people look younger.
will raise crops and rear animals in skyscrapers in the

3 A vertical farmer
middle of cities.
will ferry people and cargo into space in a lift carriage
2 A space elevator attendant
that climbs a very long cable to an orbital platform.
1 A climate engineer will use geo engineering to control global warming.
17a Watch the first 11 seconds of the clip and answer the questions.
1) Does anything unusual strike you about Rachel Collins?
2) Does she fit your idea of someone who works in a lab?
3) Why does she look like this?
17b Watch the rest of the clip and say whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false
ones.
T F
1) She is a chemist.
Her father was a chemist, she is a lab technician. X
2) She has been familiar with lab work ever since she was a child.
X
3) In her job, she tests which antibiotics are efficient against which bacteria.
X
4) When she first started working at a lab, she didn’t tell her boss about her ‘secret life’.
She figured she should forewarn him. X

5) Her boss had his doubts about her career as a professional wrestler.
He was very good about it, he even printed out pictures of Rachel in her wrestling X
outfit and put them up in the hallway.
6) When people see the pictures, they know right away that it is Rachel.
X

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18 Read the job description of a lab technician and do the exercises.
Job Code: 5007

Job description: lab technician
Location : Llanelli, Llanelli Carmarthenshire UK SA14 9TE
(1) A chemistry lab technician assists chemists in organising, carrying out, and
documenting various lab experiments. They operate sophisticated equipment
and perform complicated calculations to get accurate results. A chemistry lab
technician might work at a university, in a private research lab or in health care,
among other things.
(2) Most chemistry lab technicians hold at least bachelor’s degrees in chemistry
or engineering, though some labs employ students who are still working on
their degrees. A technician needs to be very familiar with the periodic table of
elements, common ions and compounds, and the physical and chemical changes
that occur in various experiments.
(3) A chemistry lab technician needs to be very organised and detail-oriented.

Even the slightest inaccuracy can spoil the results of an experiment, such as
miscalculating the amount of initial compounds or failing to heat a solution to the
right temperature. A technician must take care to follow protocol and safety rules
at all times to reduce the risk of injury. Depending on the type of experiment
being performed, the technician may need to wear gloves, protective goggles,
and a thick lab coat. The work of a technician is often stressful, though most
professionals find the job very interesting and rewarding.
(4) In most labs, technicians are responsible for the majority of tasks related to
preparing and carrying out an experiment. A chemist may design and oversee
an experiment, but a chemistry lab technician typically does much of the
actual hands-on work. Before a project, he or she cleans tables and equipment,
gathers supplies, and prepares standard lab reports. This also means he is often
responsible for the maintenance and inventory of the lab supplies. Following
the instructions or personal guidance of the chemist, the technician carefully
conducts the experiment. He or she records observations and outlines final
results.
(5) After a chemist has thoroughly reviewed and checked the findings, he or she
may ask a chemistry lab technician to compose an official document. Strong
technical writing skills are important to ensure that a paper presents accurate,
easy-to-understand information.
Source: www.wisegeek.com/what-does-a-chemistry-lab-technician-do.htm

1) Complete with the correct noun from the text. Afterwards, translate into Dutch.
findings – a procedure – a document – a report – equipment – observations –

an experiment – calculations – results – instructions / safety rules –
verb verb noun noun translation translation
a) to organise, carry out

a) to organise, carry out an experiment een experiment uitvoeren
b) to
b) toprepare
prepare a report een rapport voorbereiden
c)
c) totooperate
operate equipment met toestellen werken
d)
d) to
toperform
perform calculations een berekening uitvoeren
e) to utilise
e) to utilise
a procedure een procedure volgen
f) to record observations waarnemingen noteren
f) to record
instructies, veiligheids-
g) to follow instructions / safety rules
g) to follow maatregelen opvolgen
h)
h) to
tooutline
outline results resultaten schematiseren
i) to check findings resultaten nakijken
i) to check
j) to compose a document een document opstellen
j) to compose
2) Which picture matches which paragraph? Each paragraph has a number between brackets.
3) Could you write a caption with each picture? Say what these people routinely do or what they are
doing at this moment. Do you remember which tense to use? Check unit 2 to refresh your memory.
19 Write out your own short job description for a possible future job.
Personal answer.

Shuffle T his
4 Shuffle The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree
20 The pictures below all refer to famous British scientists and engineers. Do you know which picture
refers to whom? Choose from the green box.
Sir Isaac Newton – George Stephenson – Sir Timothy John “Tim” Berners-Lee – Charles Robert
Darwin – Alan Mathison Turing – Michael Faraday
1 2 3
George Stephenson Sir Isaac Newton Sir Timothy John ‘Tim’ Berners-Lee
4 5 6
Charles Robert Darwin Alan Mathison Turing Michael Faraday
21 Britain on top! Read the introduction about some important British scientists and engineers.
No answer.
The core of truth behind Sir Isaac
Newton’s apple
Britons Sir Isaac Newton, Isambard Kingdom
Brunel and Sir Tim Berners-Lee all changed
the world through their discoveries and
inventions.
The British Isles are home to just one percent

of the world’s population and yet this small
an endeavour: collection of rocks poking out of the north
an industrious undertak-
ing that requires effort or
Atlantic has thrown up world beaters in
boldness virtually every field of human endeavour*.
to usher:
to lead somebody some- Nowhere is this more obvious than in science
where, e.g. to your seat in and engineering. Edward Jenner came up with
the theatre vaccines, Sir Frank Whittle ushered* in the jet
age and Sir Tim Berners-Lee laid the foundations of the world wide web.
Source:
www.independent.co.uk/ Sir Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Michael Faraday, George Stephenson,
news/science/the-core-of- Isambard Kingdom Brunel… the list is gloriously long.
truth-behind--sir-isaac-
newtons-apple-1870915.html

22 Let’s listen to a story about one of them, Sir Isaac Newton. Then answer the questions.
1) Say whether the statements are true or false. Motivate your answer.
T F
a) The story says that Newton suddenly understood the concept of gravity when
he saw apples falling from a tree in his garden.
X
The story says the apple fell on his head.
b) Newton left London for his birthplace because the Plague made life in London
rather difficult.
X
Many public buildings and meetings had closed in London because of the
plague.
c) Newton calculated that gravity became stronger when objects are further
apart.
X
The force of gravity decreased as the inverse square of the distance.
d) Newton figured out that the force of gravity by the Earth reached as far as the
Moon and was the reason why the Moon kept orbiting around the earth.
X
‘Why not as high as the Moon said he to himself & if so, that must influence
her motion & perhaps retain her orbit.’
e) Newton invented the story and the more often the story of the apple was told,
the better it got.
X
It was true and got better with the telling.
f) The same apple tree still carries fruit.
X
Ms Winn has cooked with the apples.
2) Can you retell the story in your own words?
23 Read about the source of the story of Newton and the apple. Add linking words and
conjunctions where needed. Choose between the given words. If you do not remember when
to use these words, check back with the basics: complex sentences in unit 4.
after – so – but – suddenly – while – when – even though – because
We’ve all heard the story. (1) … young Isaac Newton

is sitting beneath an apple tree contemplating the
mysterious universe, (2) … – boink! – an apple
hits him on the head. “Aha!” he shouts, or perhaps,
“Eureka!” (3) … in a flash he understands that the very
same force that brought the apple crashing toward the
ground also keeps the moon falling toward the Earth
and the Earth falling toward the sun: gravity.
(4) … we are not sure, it is a nice story. The
apocryphal story is one of the most famous in the
history of science and now you can see for yourself
what Newton actually said. Squirreled away in the
archives of London’s Royal Society was a manuscript
containing the truth about the apple.

Shuffle T his
It is the manuscript for what would become a biography of Newton entitled Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton’s Life
written by William Stukeley, an archaeologist and one of Newton’s first biographers, and published in 1752.
Newton told the apple story to Stukeley, who relayed it as such:
“(5) … dinner, the weather being warm, we went into the garden and drank tea, under the shade of some apple
trees...he told me, he was just in the same situation, as (6) … formerly, the notion of gravitation came into his mind.
It was occasion’d by the fall of an apple, as he sat in contemplative mood. Why should that apple always descend
perpendicularly to the ground, thought he to himself...”
“(7) … it turns out the apple story is true – for the most part. The apple may not have hit Newton in the head, “(8)
… I’ll still picture it that way. Meanwhile, three and a half centuries and an Albert Einstein later, physicists still
don’t really understand gravity. We’re going to need a bigger apple.
Source: http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.htm
1) While 5) after
2) suddenly 6) when
3) because 7) so
4) Although 8) but

• What hits the ground faster, a pound of feathers or a pound of gold if it is dropped from the same
height?
• Can you explain why?
• Do you know a situation in which the feathers and the gold would hit the ground at the same time or
is that impossible?
25 Watch the clip and answer the questions.

1) What is NASA’s power facility usually used for?
2) Which record does it hold?
3) What was it originally used for in the 1960s?
4) What materials is it built of and why?
5) Why did the light object that Galileo dropped, fall slower than the heavy object?
6) What was Newton’s explanation for the falling feather and ball?
7) What did Einstein claim?
8) Would you believe this if you hadn’t seen it with your own eyes?
1) To test spacecraft in the conditions of outer space.

2) It is the world’s biggest vacuum chamber.
3) As a test facility for nuclear propulsion systems.
4) Aluminium and concrete, to be able to deal with the radiation and the pressure.
5) Because of air resistance.
6) There is a force pulling them down, called gravity.
7) The ball and the feathers weren’t actually moving.
8) Personal answer.

5 Reading matters Lab instructions
26a Read about the experiment.

No answer.
Burning magnesium ribbon

is plunged into the steam
above boiling water in
a conical flask. The
hydrogen that is formed
is allowed to burn at the
mouth of the flask.
A…
• eye protection
• a Bunsen burner
• a tripod and gauze
• tongs
• one 250 cm3 conical flask
• The following chemicals: About 45 cm of magnesium ribbon (Flammable)
A little universal indicator solution (Highly flammable) with appropriate
colour chart.
B…
Wear safety goggles. Set up the apparatus.
C…
Stand the 250 cm3 conical flask on the tripod and clamp its neck to steady
it. Place about 50 cm3 of water in the flask. Bring this to the boil and allow
it to boil for at least five minutes to displace all the air from the flask and
replace it with steam. Take three 15 cm lengths of magnesium ribbon and
twist them together to form a length of plaited ribbon of the same length.
This is more rigid than a single strand and can therefore be manoeuvred
more easily when held in a pair of tongs. Take care that the ribbon does
not break during plaiting. Leave the Bunsen burner on, boiling the water.
Holding the plaited magnesium ribbon in tongs by one end, light the other
end in the Bunsen flame (a second Bunsen burner may be helpful) and
hold the burning end in the steam inside the flask. Avoid looking directly
at the burning ribbon. The ribbon will continue to glow brightly, forming
hydrogen by reaction with steam. This ignites and burns at the mouth of
the flask with a slightly yellowish flame. The magnesium oxide falls
into the water and a little dissolves. Turn off the Bunsen burner
and add a few drops of universal indicator to the water. It
will be significantly alkaline due to dissolved magnesium
hydroxide.

Shuffle T his
26b Which of the two setups is the one described in the experiment? Setup 1
1 2
27 Answer the questions.

1) What would be the most suitable title for this text?
❐❐Creating hydrogen flames.

❐❐The reaction of magnesium with steam.
❐❐Boiling water, using a Bunsen burner.
2) Add the correct subtitles to the text. There are more subtitles than you need.
preparing the lab report – procedure and health safety – demonstration – apparatus and
chemicals
A) Apparatus and chemicals
B) Procedure and health safety
C) Demonstration
3) In which kind of publication was it originally published?
4) What is the purpose of this text?
5) Do you remember which tense is used in this kind of text? If you don’t remember, look back at
unit 1 p.20.
3) It is the kind of text you could find in a science or chemistry schoolbook.

4) To give precise and step-by-step instructions.
5) The imperative.

28 Match the words with the items.
1) hydrogen – 2) eye protection or safety goggles – 3) a Bunsen burner – 4) a tripod – 5) gauze –

6) tongs – 7) a conical flask – 8) chemicals – 9) rubber tubing – 10) a rubber stopper –
11) a clamp – 12) safety gloves
a 6 b 2 c 4
d 11 e 9 f 7
g 8 h 5 i 10
j 3 k 1 l 12

Shuffle T his
29 Write your own step-by-step instructions for a lab experiment with the following setup, using the
new vocabulary and the imperative. Use the experiment in exercise 26a as an example.
Follow the structure below.
• title
• apparatus and chemicals
• procedure and health safety
• demonstration
30 Your school has open days for pupils who have to choose what to study next year.
Your chemistry teacher has asked you to be present and to do some experiments in the
chemistry class. How would you explain this experiment to your audience? Personal answer.
What? Explain your experiment to an audience that does not have a lot of knowledge about
chemistry and chemical experiments.
Why? To prove that you can explain simply and clearly, in a way that keeps the interest of
your audience going.
What matters? Good use of the tips on giving a good presentation, language and grammar, whether
you know how to entertain your audience, even if the subject matter is rather complex.
How? 1) Reread the experiment, make sure you understand how the different steps in the
process follow one another.
2) Then present how the experiment works, explain what you need, why you need it,
what you are doing and why you are doing it. Leave out what is too difficult, but do
not oversimplify.
3) Because this presentation is in English, pay special attention to the pronunciation of
difficult words, on variation in tenses (don’t get stuck on the same tense throughout
your presentation)
4) Because you probably do not have any chemistry equipment in your English class,
you can beam the picture of the experiment setup on a large screen in order to help
you explain.

6 Focus on … Nature
31 Read the ten amazing animal facts below. Only one of them is not true. Discuss in groups of 4
which one you think is not true. Provide arguments for your choice.
amazing
animal
facts
#1 A grizzly bear can run as fast as a horse.
#2 An octopus can squeeze through a hole the size
of its eyeballs.
#3 The hippopotamus is considered to be the most
dangerous animal in Africa. They
kill more people
annually than lions, snakes and cro
codiles
together.
#4 Turtles live on all seven of the world’s Turtles don’t live on Antarctica.
continents.
#5 An ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain.
#6 Scorpions can hold their breath for up to 6 days.
#7 Jellyfish have been around for 650 million years,
which means they outdate shar
ks and dinosaurs.
#8 Like a human being’s fingerprints, the
stripes on a
zebra are equally unique.
#9 Dolphins sleep with only half of their brain and
with one eye open, to keep lookout
for
predators.
#10 At 188 decibels, the calls of blue whales is the
loudest sound made by an animal
on the planet.
32a Read some more facts about animals. No answer.
If you fed cows strawberries, would it give

their milk a strawberry flavour?
Diet definitely affects the flavour of the milk of all mammals. A 2008
study at Copenhagen University gave flavour capsules to nursing
mothers and found that the taste made its way into their breast milk
within minutes. And dairy farmers have long known that weed in
the pasture can taint the taste of the cows milk. Feeding strawberries
to cows may seem extravagant, but fruit farmers often have a lot of
leftover produce that isn’t good enough to sell. A 2007 study looked at
the practicalities of feeding leftover pears and peaches to dairy cattle,
but it made no mention of any effect on the taste of the milk. This may
be because fruit flavours don’t hang around for long enough.

Shuffle T his
Do birds suffer from

How do electric eels generate turbulence when flying?
voltage?
Birds normally fly close to the ground, around
Electric eels are trees and buildings or soar in the rising air of
notorious for being warm wind currents. Both are high-turbulence
able to produce environments, but birds have two adaptations
an electric shock that make them much better at coping it than
of up to around planes. Nerves at the base of their feathers
600V. The source allow them to detect the flow of air over their
of their power is a wings and monitor
battery-like group turbulence accurately.
of cells known as Instead of waiting
electrocytes, which for an air gust to hit
make up around 80 the entire wing, they
per cent of the eel’s can anticipate each
e these
metre long body. Disc-like in shap minor current and
ntia l diffe rence of
cells acquire a small pote continuously make
con trolling the flow
around 1/10th of a volt by tiny adjustments.
ions (cha rged atoms)
of sodium and potassium Large soaring birds,
es. Link ed toge ther
across the cell membran like eagles and
al cells, the
in groups of thousands of individu vultures, can also
car batt ery, which
result is a kind of natural quickly fold their
the eel spo ts predators
releases its charge when wings together downward and move effortless
or prey. through a small area of turbulence. Each
folding of the wings lasts just a third of a second
but it greatly reduces the sudden loading on
their wings.
What is the difference d
between venomous an Why does a peacock have
poisonous? such an impressive tail?
It’s all down
Well-meaning
to the
friends suggest
method of
that those who
delivery.
are still single
Venoms
should lower
must be
their standards
injected to
and stop being
be effective,
so choosy. Yet
whereas
most other species
poisons can
would cackle,
come into
growl and tweet
contact with
in disagreement.
skin, or be
Peahens, for instance, are very particular about
inhaled, eaten or touc hed. So the puff er fish is
what they look for in a peacock. Research led
eat the wro ng part , beca use
poisonous if you by behavioural ecologist Professor Marion
its liver contains tetro doto xin, but its bite
Petrie found that peahens have a fondness for
pus
contains no toxins. The blue-ringed octo males with over 150 eyespots and evaluate an
t the sam e tetro doto xin with
however, can injec average of three males before taking a decision.
mou s. Ther e is only one
its bite, so it is veno Being selective is possibly one of the most
s and
species of reptile that is both venomou important pieces of guidance we can take from
Asia n tiger snak e has toxin s in
poisonous. The animals, even if that means it takes a while to
but it also store s pois on in its
its venomous bite, find your best match.
.
skin that comes from the toads that it eats
Source: BBC Focus Magazine

32b There are five well-known classes of vertebrates*. Four were mentioned in the texts. Can you
complete the word web with the correct classes and their corresponding animals? To help you
out, the words are underlined in the texts. Think of some more animals to add to each class.
Watch out, there is one animal from the text that does not belong in this word web. Which one?
The blue-ringed octopus.
VERTEBRATES
amphibians
a vertebrate:
an animal with a
backbone and a skeleton
32c Word search. In the text, some words

are highlighted. Find them in the P C F S H I Z R N T
word search.
Then match them to the V A O E N L O O E F
explanations.
E A S G E T W E R O
R S A T A D E F V N
V L R D U K E M E O
E E E U Z R D Z S Y
R R U P N Z E A Y R
P J S P E C I E S I
E L T T A C R I V A
B I T E T P V J T D
Shuffle T his
1) An animal that eats other animals. a predator

2) An animal that is hunted for food. a prey
3) A group of fibres that send sensation or physical feeling. nerves
to the brain
4) to breathe in to inhale
5) The act of gripping or chewing off with the teeth and jaws. a bite
6) A group of animals of plants that have common a species
characteristics and can breed with each other.
7) to breastfeed to nurse
8) to give food to or to eat to feed
9) cheese, milk, ice cream and yoghurt dairy
10) A large group of domesticated cows. cattle
11) Plants that crowd out cultivated plants, e.g. nettles. weed
12) to fly higher and higher to soar
33 Watch the clip. Can you guess what animal it is about?

The animal is a tapir.
34 Make groups of four or five and play the guessing game. Personal answer.
Your teacher will give you a sheet with quite a few words that can be used to describe animals.
Read it through.
Then, the person on your right will write down the name of an animal and will show it to all the other
group members, except you. You do the same for the person on your left, until everybody has been
assigned an animal. Be careful to memorise who is which animal.
Now you have to guess which animal you are. You can only ask yes or no questions using words from
the list. If you make a grammatical mistake, your group members will not answer your question and
you will have to skip a turn.
The person who first guesses which animal he or she is, wins.
You can ask questions like:
• Do I live in the water?

• Do I lay eggs?
• Am I in danger of extinction?
• etc...

35a Are crows the ultimate problem solvers? Watch the clip from BBC and discuss.
Personal answer.
• • Did this surprise you?
• • In which way is this crow similar to humans?
• • Now you know this, in what way crows could be useful to humans?
• • Do you know of any other animals that can solve problems?
35b Watch the clip and read the article. Then discuss in groups.
Personal answer.
Elephants express anger after one is

killed in road accident
CHITOOR In a ‘mammoth’ display of strength and anger, a herd of elephants went
on the rampage, blocking traffic for hours after one of their members was killed by an
over speeding car on the Krishnagiri-Hosur national highway late on Tuesday night.
The pachyderms seething with rage crossing over to Andhra Pradesh from
attacked the accused car and mangled Karnataka via Tamil Nadu when a car
it beyond repair. Luckily, the two moving at a high speed hit a pachyderm,
occupants managed to escape unhurt. killing it on the spot. Soon after the
accident, the herd started trumpeting
The incident took place in a forest area, and hitting the vehicle. Traffic on the
35 km away from Kuppam town of busy national highway was disrupted for
Source:
Chittoor district on the Tamil Nadu- about four hours as the angry herd did
http://timesofindia. Karnataka border. According to forest not relent.
indiatimes.com/city/ officials, a herd of 10 elephants were
hyderabad/Elephants-
express-anger-after-one-
is-killed-in-road-accident/
articleshow/46139083.cms
• Were you surprised by what you saw / read?

• Did the reporters interpret the animals’ behaviour correctly?
• In which way are these animals similar to humans?
• Do you think animals have emotions?
• Are these examples of attributing human characteristics to animals?
• Should we treat animals differently?

Shuffle T his
36 Watch the clip. Which feelings and emotions does Koko have?
Tick them off and motivate your choice. Personal answer.
❐❐ responsible ❐❐ annoyed
❐❐ stubborn ❐❐ depressed
❐❐ understanding ❐❐ disgusted
❐❐ delighted ❐❐ frightened
❐❐ dreamy ❐❐ frustrated
❐❐ energetic ❐❐ furious
❐❐ happy ❐❐ irritated
❐❐ kind ❐❐ miserable
❐❐ pleased ❐❐ sad
❐❐ relaxed ❐❐ scared
❐❐ satisfied ❐❐ serious
❐❐ tender ❐❐ spooked
❐❐ thrilled ❐❐ stressed
❐❐ warm-hearted ❐❐ terrified
37 Read the information below. Based on this and on what you saw and read about animals and
feelings, write a short newspaper article. Personal answer.
Mountain gorillas are considered critically endangered by IUCN’s Red List. Not only are mountain
gorillas threatened by loss of habitat due to human encroachment, they have also become victims of
human violence. As civil war rages in Africa, efforts to conserve mountain gorilla populations have been
curtailed. Mountain gorillas have also been killed or captured by poachers. Their body parts are sold to
collectors, and baby gorillas are sold illegally as pets, research subjects, or private zoo animals.
What? Write a short comment for the WWF newsletter with the title ‘Gorillas have feelings too’,
in which you express your outrage and sadness on what is happening to gorillas.
Why? To prove that you can write a convincing article.
What matters? Use of the vocabulary on feelings. Structure of the article. Needless to say you’re your
grammar and spelling have to be at their best. Use of the appropriate tenses.
How? 1) Put your main argument first. Express your opinion in the first paragraph. Get to the
point and convince the reader that reading your article is worth the effort.
2) Tell the reader why they should care about the issue.
3) Give a strong counter argument and refute it.
4) Offer solutions or a better approach. Say what the reader can do.
5) Think about your ending. Make it a strong one.

7 How to … Place an order
38 Discuss with your neighbour. Then report back to the class

what your neighbour has said. Try to use reported speech
when possible as you have seen in unit 5. Personal answer.
e.g.: X said that her parents had bought a new refrigerator online.
• Do you or your parents ever purchase anything online? If so,

which items?
• Why did you purchase this item online?
• Was it for yourself or a present for someone?
• Have you ever ordered anything by phone?
• Have you ever had problems in purchasing something off the Internet?
39 Listen to the two conversations and try to find the correct terms for the given words / sentences.
1) I want to submit an order.
I want to place an order.
2) I have the number of the type of article here.
The item number
3) Last time we got a special price because we bought the goods in large quantities.
We were able to buy in bulk and we got a wholesale price.
4) So the final price is what then?
So the net price is what exactly then?
5) I’m still waiting for the purchase order request from my boss.
The requisition for the purchase order
6) Could you send the bill by email?
Could you please mail me the invoice?
7) I’ve placed an order for a product that was not yet available and I’d like to verify it.
To check on a backorder
8) You have one ongoing order at the moment.
You have still one outstanding order
9) We don’t have enough of the goods on hand.
We don’t keep a large supply of those in stock.
10) Could you tell me how much it will be approximately?
Could I get an estimate for that?
11) Could you tell me when the order will be delivered?
Could you also give me a delivery date.
12) We’re sorry that your delivery will come later.
Our apologies for the delay in delivery.

Shuffle T his
40a Match the vocabulary to the explanations by drawing an arrow.
1) a backorder • • a) an order for a product which is temporarily out of

stock
2) an outstanding order • • b) an amount of goods available for sale
3) a supply • • c) available, at hand
4) in stock • • d) a question to the purchasing department to buy

goods or services
5) a delivery date • • e) any order that has been placed but not delivered
6) in bulk • • f) the date on which goods that have been bought will
arrive at a place
7) wholesale • • g) a discount on the selling price of goods
8) a price reduction • • h) in large amounts
9) the net price • • i) the price before tax
10) a requisition for a

purchase order
• • j) the selling of goods in large amounts at low prices
to shops and businesses
40b Complete the sentences with the new vocabulary.
1) Prices rose as the fear set in that the rebellion could disrupt the oil … . supply
2) Do you have extra large sizes … ? Of course, we carry all sizes and in stock
colours.
3) At many stores, you will be asked to select … a week or two into the a delivery date
future.
4) When companies or shops order goods from their supplier they pay
the … price, which is cheaper than what they will resell it for. wholesale
5) It is not a good idea to buy eggs … , because they only stay good for in bulk
three to five weeks.
6) When you buy online from our website, you will get a 10% … . price reduction
7) The … is the final price after subtracting tax and any other costs. net price
8) We’ve already received … and even an initial payment from our new a requisistion for a purchase order
business contact.
9) It seems we have ordered this item twice, but it hasn’t been shipped yet.
You will have to cancel one of the … . outstanding orders
10) The delivery of this … is really taking a long time. It’s been over a backorder
month since we ordered it.

41 Do you know how to go about ordering something online for yourself? Study the flowchart and
complete with the phrases that are given below.
1) add to the shopping cart – 2) enter card information – 3) go to the checkout page –
4) order received – 5) select payment options – 6) set up an account – 7) shipment notification
go to webshop quantity
select your other

product specifications
yes 1
need more
items?
3
no
no account?
log onto account
name &
username
verify 6
information
password
address &
5 email address
credit card 2
authorisation
debit card by means of
security token
order conformation
sent by email
7 order packed
and shipped
tracking order
information transported to
custumer

Shuffle T his
42 You are going to order something by phone yourself. Use the outline below to guide you through
your conversation. Be sure to use the newly learnt vocabulary.
Personal answer.
Person 1 Person 2
Greet in an appropriate way. Say who you are,
which company you are working for and that you
need to order something.
Reply to the greeting, say who you are and ask
what it is person 1 wants to order.
Sum up the items and the amount of each.
Ask if person 1 has got the item number to make
ordering easier.
Confirm, sum up products and numbers.
Apologize for not having one of the products in
stock.
Ask when it will be in stock again.
Admit you don’t know and will have to look it up.
Say you will call back.
Ask for the invoice to be emailed.
Promise to do so. Ask for the billing address.
Provide the billing address.
Ask if person 1 needs anything else.
Say you don’t.
Thank for the order, promise to call back about
the product that is not in stock and say goodbye
in an appropriate way.
Zeg op een gepaste manier tot ziens.
43a Online shopping gone wrong. Listen to these people, having bought something online. What
went wrong with their order?
43b Invent a testimonial of something (funny) you ordered online that went completely wrong.
Choose your product and explain what went wrong. Use words from exercise 37.
Report back to the class.
Personal answer.

Bizz App
Wildlife service
1 Read the park rules and do the exercises. No answer.
Home » Regulations » Park, Wildlife and Marine Code
KENYA WILDLIFE SERVICE – PARK RULES
Wildlife Code
• Respect the privacy of the wildlife, this is their habitat.
• Beware of the animals, they are wild and can be unpredictable.
• Don’t crowd the animals or make sudden noises or movements.
• Don’t feed the animals, it upsets their diet and leads to human dependence.
• Keep quiet, noise disturbs the wildlife and may antagonise your fellow visitors.
• Stay in your vehicle at all times, except at designated picnic or walking areas.
• Keep below the maximum speed limit (40 kph/25 mph).
• Never drive off-road, this severely damages the habitat.
• When viewing wildlife keep to a minimum distance of 20 metres and pull to the side of the road so
as to allow others to pass.
• Leave no litter and never leave fires unattended or discard burning objects.
• Respect the cultural heritage of Kenya, never take pictures of the local people or their habitat
without asking their permission, respect the cultural traditions of Kenya and always dress with
decorum.
• Stay over or leave before dusk, visitors must vacate the Park between 6.00 p.m. - 6.00 a.m. unless
they are camping overnight. Night game driving is not allowed.
Marine Wildlife Code

• Check local weather and sea conditions before entering the marine park.
• Some marine life is dangerous; do not touch anything under water.

Shuffle T his
• Do not damage or remove corals. It is a living organism which takes many years to form and is host
to many rare and endangered species.
• Do not remove shells, starfish or any other sea – flora or fauna. Removal is illegal, seriously disrupts
the eco system and some marine life is dangerous. The areas outside the parks and reserves is
threatened by excessive shell collection. Empty shells provide homes for hermit crabs and some fish.
• Do not buy shells and other marine animal products as souvenirs as this encourages further
plundering of the reefs and beaches.
• Never dispose of litter on the beach or in the sea. It is illegal and environmentally unfriendly. Marine
turtles can confuse clear plastic waste with jelly fish and will die if they eat it.
• Handfeeding of fish is discouraged. It disrupts normal feeding patterns.
• Hook and line fishing is allowed in the Marine Reserves but prohibited in Marine Parks. Spear guns
are not permitted for use in either.
• Environmentally friendly activities such as snorkelling and diving are encouraged, under the
supervision of the Kenya Wildlife Service wardens, who work closely with tour operators and
hoteliers to ensure strict adherence to this code of practice.
• Avoid restaurants that serve undersized crabs and lobsters as this contributes to their rapid demise.
• Support traditional coastal livelihoods and do not give money to children on the beach, as this can
encourage them to stay away from school.
• Respect the cultural heritage of Kenya, never take pictures of the local people or their habitat
without asking their permission, respect the cultural traditions of Kenya and always dress with
decorum.
Source: www.kws.org/info/regulations/rules.html
2 Find a word in the text that means.

1) to provoke someone to react angrily to antagonise
2) to throw away to discard, to dispose
3) something that is inherited from ancestors a heritage
4) with proper and polite behaviour With decorum
5) the period of time between sunset and nightfall dusk
6) to move out, to leave behind empty to vacate

7) a person whose job is to make certain that members of the public obey
particular rules a warden
8) sticking to the rules adherence
3 Which rule is disobeyed in the following pictures? Use modals when possible.
1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8
9 10
4 You have a holiday job at a local science museum. At this moment, there is an exhibition going on
about state-of-the-art inventions of the last decade. Many of the inventions can be seen and there
are some hands-on exhibits as well. You have to write a visitors code of conduct for this exhibition.
Think about everything you want the visitors to do or not to do! Personal answer.
Kenya’s park rules and the signs below can give you some inspiration. Use the imperative and write at
least 10 rules.
a cloakroom = een vestiaire

lockers = kluisjes
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10

Shuffle T his
Recap
Check Repeat Teacher’s notes
Focus on …
I can use vocabulary about p. 275-282

science. ex. 1-6b
I can use vocabulary about p. 298-303

nature. ex. 31-37
How to …
I can place an order online and p. 304-307

by phone. ex. 38-43b
Bibliography
Exercise 2 Exercise 32a

Venema, V. (2014). The Dutch boy mopping up a sea of - Villazon, L. (2015). If you fed cows strawberries, would
plastic. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/ it give their milk a strawberry flavour? Science Focus.
news/magazine-29631332 Retrieved from http://www.sciencefocus.com/qa/if-
you-fed-cows-strawberries-would-it-give-their-milk-
Exercise 12
strawberry-flavour
Buczynski, B. (2013). 6 Human-Powered Gadgets To
- Morse, A. (2009). How do electric eels generate voltage?
Improve Your Life. Inhabitat. http://inhabitat.com/6-
Science Focus. Retrieved from http://www.sciencefocus.
human-powered-gadgets-to-improve-your-life
com/qa/how-do-electric-eels-generate-voltage
Exercise 18 - Do birds suffer from turbulence when flying? (2015). BBC
Jeffress, D. (2015). What Does a Chemistry Lab Technician Focus Magazine, 278.
Do? wiseGEEK. Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek. - What is the difference between venomous and poisonous?
com/what-does-a-chemistry-lab-technician-do.htm (2015). BBC Focus Magazine, 278.
- Why does a peacock have such an impressive tail? (2015).
Exercise 21
BBC Focus Magazine, 278.
Connor, S. (2010). The core of truth behind Sir Isaac
Newton’s apple. The Independent. Retrieved from www. Exercise 35b
independent.co.uk/news/science/the-core-of-truth- Elephants express anger after one is killed in road accident.
behind--sir-isaac-newtons-apple-1870915.html (2015). The Times of India. Retrieved from http://
timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Elephants-
Exercise 23
express-anger-after-one-is-killed-in-road-accident/
Gefter, A. (2010). Newton’s apple: The real story. New
articleshow/46139083.cms
Scientist. Retrieved from http://www.newscientist.com/
blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story. Bizz app
html Retrieved from www.kws.org/info/regulations/rules.html

On the spot
Focus on …
1 Complete this text with words from the vocabulary list. Use the hints from the right column to find
the correct word. You may have to conjugate verbs or make nouns plural.
Brainlike Computers, Learning From … (1) (1) skill or knowledge that you
get by doing something
PALO ALTO, Calif. – Computers have entered the age when they are (2) a way of dealing with
able to learn from their own mistakes, a development that is about something or thinking about
to turn the digital world on its head. something
The new computing approach, already in use by some large
technology companies, is based on the biological nervous system.
In coming years, the … (2) will make possible a new generation of
artificial intelligence systems that will perform some functions that
humans do with ease: see, speak, listen, navigate, manipulate and
control.
“We’re … (3) from engineering computing systems to something (3) to change or develop into a
that has many of the characteristics of biological computing,” better, more complex, or more
said Larry Smarr, an astrophysicist at the California Institute for advanced state
Telecommunications and Information Technology.
Conventional computers are limited by what they have been (4) a statement that describes
programmed to do. Computer vision systems, for example, how to do something
only ‘recognise’ objects that can be identified by the algorithms (5) a process or result of
programmed into them. An algorithm is like a recipe, a set of step- calculating something
by-step … (4) to perform a … (5).
But last year, Google researchers were able to get a machine-learning (6) to create something better
algorithm, known as a neural network, to perform an identification task and more advanced over a
on its own. The network scanned a database of 10 million images, and period of time
in doing so trained itself to recognise cats.
In June, the company said it had used those neural network techniques
to … (6) a new search service to help customers find specific photos
more accurately.
The new … (7), used in both hardware and software, is being (7) a way of dealing with
driven by the explosion of scientific knowledge about the brain. something or thinking about
Kwabena Boahen, a computer scientist who leads Stanford’s something
Brains in Silicon research program, said that is also its limitation, (8) knowledge about or study
as … (8) is far from fully understanding how brains function. of the natural world based
on facts learned through
experiments and observation
Until now, microprocessor perform operations at lightning speed, (9) a series of actions that are
following instructions programmed using long strings of 1s and done in a certain way or order:
0s. They generally store that information in what is known as an established or accepted way
memory, in storage chips or in hard drives. of doing something
The data are shuttled in and out of the processor’s short-term (10) something that is caused
memory while the computer carries out a programmed … (9). The by something else that
… (10) is then moved to its main memory. happened or was done before

Shuffle T his
The new processors … (11) of electronic components that (11) to be composed or made
can be connected by wires that mimic biological synapses. up – usually used with ‘of’
They are not ‘programmed.’ They work as a neural network, in
essence programming the next actions much the same way that
information alters human thoughts and actions.
I.B.M. and Qualcomm, as well as the Stanford research team, (12) a series of classes about a
have already designed neuromorphic processors. Moreover, many particular subject in a school
universities are now focused on this new style of computing.
The largest class on campus this fall at Stanford was a graduate
level machine-learning … (12) covering both statistical and
biological approaches. More than 760 students enrolled. “That
reflects the zeitgeist,” said Terry Sejnowski, a computational
neuroscientist at the Salk Institute. “Everyone knows there is
something big happening, and they’re trying to find out what it is.”
Source: www.nytimes.com/2013/12/29/science/brainlike-computers-learning-from-experience.html?_r=0
1) experience 7) approach
2) approach 8) science
3) evolving 9) procedure
4) instructions 10) result
5) calculation 11) consist
6) develop 12) course
2 What do these pictures have in common? What is the difference? Find as many similarities and
differences as you can. Use the words from the green box.
an amphibian – cattle – to feed – a herd – to inhale – a mammal – nerve – a pasture –

a predator – a prey – a reptile – to soar – a vertebrate – weeds
e.g.: In pictures 2 and 8 you see herds grazing. One is a herd of cows, the other one shows a herd of
sheep.
1 2 3
4 5 6

7 8 9
10 11
3 Where do the following words on ‘How to place an order’ belong? Put them in the correct box.
a backorder – an outstanding order – a supply – in stock – a delivery date – in bulk – retail –

wholesale – a price reduction – the net price – a requisition – a purchase order
Words that say something Words that say something Words that say something
about goods that have not yet about how much you have to about who sells goods to
been delivered. pay. whom.
Words that refer to documents Words that say something A word that says something
that state that somebody about how many goods are about time.
wants to buy something or available.
that it has been bought.
A word that says something

about quantity.

Shuffle T his
Words unit 7
Science
a course If you want to graduate from high school, you will have to take and een cursus,
pass certain ... in English, social studies, math and science. lessenreeks
debris The tornado struck around 7 p.m., sweeping homes off their puin
foundations and leaving streets impassable with … .
an experience When I came back from hiking through Yosemite National park on my een ervaring
own, my parents wanted to hear everything about my … .
garbage It’s an area you’d rather stay away from; the sidewalks are blocked by (keuken)afval
parked cars, piles of ... and scary street dogs.
litter The volunteers were wearing orange safety vests and filled garbage zwerfvuil
bags with ... removed from the roadside.
a science project The 9-year-old used dried spaghetti to build some bridges for her … . een weten-
She wanted to compare the strengths of bridges. schaps-
project
a solution They never found a ... for our problems, they just left us alone with een oplossing
our troubles.
trash The homeless people were sheltering under a tent, sitting on ... bags afval, rommel
and wrapped in blankets to keep warm.
waste Old microwaves, washing machines, dishwashers and other afval
household items make up the bulk of the ... in this dump.
to approach With summer … , the pupils were all making plans on how to spend (be)naderen
these endless summer days.
to award The war veteran will be ... the Purple Heart medal because he was belonen, een
wounded while serving in Iraq. onderschei-
ding toeken-
nen, een prijs
krijgen
to consist of The game … ten players and one ball. bestaan uit
to develop Scientists are trying hard to ... a vaccine against the virus. ontwikkelen
to evolve His taste in music ... from pop music to heavy metal. evolueren
to set up After they ... the lights and the cameras, they could start filming. opstellen,
(op)starten
Nature
an amphibian The largest … , a salamander, weighs about 140 pounds and the een amfibie
smallest, a frog, weighs only a few grams.
a bite Sea lions may look cute with their big eyes, but they are wild animals een beet
with strong … .
cattle The farmer built a new fence to keep the ... safer in their pasture. vee
dairy The diet recommends going without gluten, ... and sugar. zuivel
a herd Once upon a time, bison roamed in huge ... across the wilds of the een kudde
United States and Canada.
a mammal Hippos probably kill more people in Africa than any other … . een zoogdier
a nerve Back pain can sometimes be caused by a damaged … . een zenuw
a predator The Tyrannosaurus Rex was the most fearsome ... of the Cretaceous. een roofdier
a prey The dolphins hunt with clicks and buzzes detecting the echoes from een prooi
their … .

a reptile The Komodo dragon is one of the largest living ... species. It can grow een reptiel
up to 3 metres and can run fast enough to attack and kill humans.
a species Black bears are no longer considered a threatened ... in the US. een dieren- of
plantensoort
a vertebrate It is said that freshwater fish are one of the most endangered groups een gewerveld
of ... on Earth. dier
weed(s) The old golf course was abandoned and overtaken by … . onkruid
to feed Some people still don’t realise they shouldn’t be ... the pigeons, voederen
because these are a real pest.
to inhale The practice of … helium for a balloon talk in a funny, squeaky inademen
cartoon-like voice can be harmful and even deadly.
to mangle You shouldn’t have left the puppy alone in the living room, now it has vernielen
... the sofa’s cushions.
to nurse A newborn giraffe will begin to … from its mother as soon as it is able zogen, borst-
to stand. voeding
geven,
krijgen
to soar Try to ... above the storms of life like an eagle, not flap around the steil stijgen,
chicken yard like a chicken. hoog zweven
Job hopping
to carry out an Would you ever … on animals like rat and mice? een experiment
experiment – Never! uitvoeren
to check findings A chemist has to … to see whether they are accurate. resultaten
nakijken
to compose a After the chemist has checked the findings, he or she asks a lab een document
document technician to … . opstellen
to follow the If you don’t … , chances are that you’ll never succeed in assembling instructies /
instructions / this bookshelf unharmed! veiligheids-
safety measures maatregelen
opvolgen
to operate equip- At this hospital in Yemen, doctors should be able to … such as X-ray met toestellen
ment machines. werken
to organise an A lab technician assists chemists in … and carrying out … . een experiment
experiment organiseren,
voorbereiden
to outline (the) Can you … to give an idea of the experiment? resultaten
results samenvatten,
kort weerge-
ven
to perform calcu- A formula is a set of mathematical instructions that can be used in berekeningen
lations Excel to … . uitvoeren
to prepare a report Before a project, the lab technician is ought to … . een rapport
voorbereiden
to record observa- During the experiments, the technician … . waarnemingen
tions noteren
to utilise a proce- Most chemistry laboratories … that is based on some standard een procedure
dure principles. volgen

Shuffle T his
Reading matters
a Bunsen burner I don’t like toasting my fingers over a ... in chemistry class. een bunsen-
brander
chemicals You must wear gloves when handling any of these … . chemicaliën,
chemische
producten
a clamp When you repair a chair it is best to use a ... to hold the glued pieces een klem
together firmly.
a conical flask Do not boil the mixture so that the neck of the … remains cool. een erlenmeyer
eye protection Unlike lunar eclipses, a solar eclipse is unsafe to watch without … . oogbescher-
ming
a flask The first rule of staying alive in the desert is not to pour the contents een fles, kolf
of your water ... into the sand.
gauze Can you hand me a pair of scissors to cut this ... bandage? gaas
hydrogen … has no colour or smell and is lighter than air. waterstof
safety gloves These safety regulations drive me nuts! Next thing you know they will veiligheids-
require us to wear ... to unroll the toilet paper! handschoe-
nen
safety goggles While using a power drill, it is recommended to protect your ears as veiligheidsbril
well as to wear gloves and … .
a stopper This exclusive whisky is sold in a porcelain flask topped with a 24 een stop
carat gold … .
tongs Use … to be sure you do not burn your fingers. een tang
a tripod To make sure your pictures aren’t blurred, you might want to use a ... een driepoot
for your camera to keep it stable.
rubber tubing During his hunger strike, he was strapped in a chair and force-fed buizen, slangen
through ... inserted through his nose.
How to … Place an order

a backorder The new smartphone I wanted to buy is a … and won’t be shipped for een nabestel-
three weeks. ling
a delivery date If you need your goods urgently, you should agree a … at the point of een leverings-
sale and get it in writing. datum
in bulk We have a large family, so we buy ... to fill our two refrigerators and in bulk, in
two freezers. massa
in stock I am sorry, we do not have this model … . in voorraad
the net price The ... of the phone is at least $630 after subtracting taxes. de netto prijs
an outstanding If that company does not ship the ... for these computers soon, we’ll een bestelling
order have to cancel it and order them elsewhere. in behande-
ling
a price reduction When you order online, you will get a 10% … . een korting
a purchase order A ... sets forth the descriptions, quantities, prices, payment terms, een bestelling,
date of shipment, etc. and identifies a specific seller. inkooporder
retail Organic food is one of the largest growth areas in food in the UK in … . kleinhandel
a requisition The purchasing department did not authorise the … , because it een bestelaan-
exceeded the budget. vraag
a supply Did you see the new ... of men’s shirts we have at the shop? een voorraad,
toevoer
wholesale She is selling her trendy wares ... to big-name retail chains and small groothandel
boutiques alike.


Let's Do Science: Unit 7

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Unit 7 7

2) What percentage of the atmosphere is oxygen?

3) Which of these is not an element?

4) Which common item is basic?

5) Which animal isn’t a mammal?

6) Where in the body is insulin produced?

7) What is the pH of your stomach?

8) What’s the name of the gap between two neurons?

9) Which part of your eye contains light receptors?

10) How do particles in a solid move?

11) What sort of energy does a book resting on a shelf have?

12) How old is the solar system?

274 Unit 7 Let’s do science

1 Watch the one-minute computer animation.

❐❐ A system to catch fish on an industrial scale.

❐❐ A system to trap and sieve out plastic particles from the

❐❐ A system to generate electricity by means of ocean waves.

❐❐ A system to prevent oil spills from spreading any further.

2 Read the text about the invention.

The Dutch boy mopping up a sea of

Boyan Slat is a 20-year-old on a mission – to rid the world’s oceans of floating

Unit 7 Let’s do science 275

276 Unit 7 Let’s do science

Unit 7 Let’s do science 277

t so 4) He received the Master

verb verb noun noun translation translation

b) Did you know that birds … from dinosaurs? evolved

278 Unit 7 Let’s do science

e) In this case, we will have to … the problem logically. approach

a) The teacher frowned at his students’ suggestion to build a rocket

f) This electrical technology … introduces the basic laws of electricity course

3 Do the exercises with the help of the text.

2) What surprises you most about this article? Personal answer.

Unit 7 Let’s do science 279

2) How did he manage to get his invention on the market?

3) Is it simple to get your product marketed by Quirky?

4) Who chooses which ideas will be developed eventually?

6) Which three other inventions are featured in this news item?

280 Unit 7 Let’s do science

Invention Process Flowchart

6) Design and build a

7) Test the model

Evaluate your invention

Unit 7 Let’s do science 281

1) Identify a need or want.

9) Evaluate your invention process and product.

a) Survey your friends and family and verify your solution. 3

282 Unit 7 Let’s do science

2 Digging deeper … Presenting to the class

❐❐He uses gestures to emphasise words.

3) What could he be doing better?

Making good eye Use appropriate facial

Unit 7 Let’s do science 283

284 Unit 7 Let’s do science

Recharge sleeping bag: Music festivals and

Unit 7 Let’s do science 285

14 Discuss. Personal answer.

286 Unit 7 Let’s do science

5) computer / to perform / numerical calculations* / under the direction of a mathematician

7) philosophical instrument maker / to make / scientific instruments

8) artificer / to be / highly respected skilled* / worker or craftsman

b) a food technician e) a mechanical engineer

c) a lab technician or lab assistant f) has been replaced by technology