Practical Report

ANIMAL STRUCTURE

NAMA : St. Asyah Alya Faradiba P

NIM : 210107510001
KLS/KLP/GEL : ICP of Biology Edu/1/1
UNIT :4
Asisten : Muhammad Iman Furqan
Koordinator Asisten : Suhardi Aldi, S.Pd.
Dosen penanggung Jawab : Dr. Adnan, M.S

DEPARTEMENT OF BIOLOGY
FACULTY OF MATH AND SCIENCE
MAKASSAR PUBLIC UNIVERSITY
2022
 ENDORSEMENT PAGE

The complete report of the Animal Structure Practicum with the title
"Connective Tissue" was made by:

Name : St. Asyah Alya Faradiba P.

ID : 210107510001
Class : ICP Of Biology Education
Group :I
has been checked and consulted by the Assistant and the Assistant Coordinator,
then this report is declared to have been received.
Makassar, 25 March 2022
Coordinator Assistant Assistant

Suhardi Aldi, S.Pd Muh. Iman Furqan

ID : 1614442003

Knowing,
Responsible Lecturer

Dr. Drs. Adnan, M.S.

NIP. 19650201 198803 1 003
 CHAPTER I
INRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND
Connective tissue is widely distributed in all parts of the body with
the main function of connecting various components of cells or tissues.
Connective tissue cells, both fixed and free, have specific functions that
complement each other to maintain the histophysiological integrity of
connective tissue (Wangko & Karundeng, 2014).
Connective tissue is also called supporting tissue or supporting
tissue consisting of fibers, cells, and extracellular fluid. Connective tissue
acts as a support, protector, and structure giver to other tissues and organs
in the body (Sari & Anitasari, 2018).
The basic material of connective tissue is a semi-fluid
homogeneous material. This basic material consists of
mucopolysaccharide acid. The main component of mucopolysaccharide
acid is hyaluronic acid, which is a substance that functions as a water
binder, lubricant, and shock absorber. Tissue fluid bound by hyaluronic
acid serves as a medium through which nutrients and waste substances
pass between cells (Aryulina, 2004).
Connective tissue has two main basic components, namely cells
and extracellular/intercellular matrix. Cell components consist of fixed
cells and free cells. Fixed cell components include, among others:
mesenchymal/pericytic cells, fibroblasts, fat cells (adipocytes), mast cells,
and macrophages; while the free cell components include: plasma cells,
lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and
macrophages (Wangko & Karundeng, 2014).
Connective tissue is the body's structural support and dynamic site
for other important functions. For example, it is a medium for the
exchange of metabolites; defense, protection, and repair of the body;
storage and mobilization of energy (fat); regulation and integration of
 mechanical responses and cell signaling; storage and mobilization of
growth and differentiation factors and guides and barriers to cell
locomotion and migration (Egea et al., 2020).
B. PURPOSE
The objectives of this experiment are as follows:
1) Identify and describe the structural characteristics of various types
of connective tissue from microscopic observations.
2) Compare and distinguish the structural characteristics of various
types of connective tissue from microscopic observations.
3) Comparing the image of the connective tissue from microscopic
observations with the image on the photomicrograph.
C. BENEFIT
The benefit of this activity is that we as students can know the
parts of connective tissue and can also identify the connective tissue.
 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

Histology is a branch of biology that studies in general about the

constituent tissues body, tissue and cell chemistry studied by microscopic
analytical methods. Histological studies one of them is studying
connective tissue. Connective tissue is divided into 1) ordinary connective
tissue consists of loose connective tissue (areolar), 2) dense connective
tissue, namely connective tissue with specialized tissues such as adipose
tissue, reticular tissue, hematopoietic tissue, 3) specialized connective
tissue or supporting tissue, namely bone and cartilage (Susetyarini et al.,
2019)
Connective tissue consists of two components the main bases are:
cells and intercellular matrix. Connective tissue cells can be grouped on
fixed cells and free cells (transients) with special functions for each cell.
Different types of tissues such as bone cartilage and bone, fat tissue, blood
and bone marrow is also a connective tissue but with special functions
each (Wangko & Karundeng, 2014).
Connective tissue forms a network of "packages" around the
organs of the body (much like the packaging that can surround objects in a
parcel) thereby protecting them. Connective tissue is able to withstand
weight to withstand strain and various traumas such as abrasion. There are
many different types of connective tissue, for example fat tissue is
composed of mostly cells and a soft matrix. Bone and cartilage have very
few cells and contain a large amount of hard matrix and this is what makes
them strong (John Wiley, 2015)
Connective tissue is part of the network of the internal environment
and includes: fibrous connective tissue, connective tissue with special
properties, skeletal and hemopoietic tissue.
Loose fibrous connective tissue is a type of fibrous connective tissue. It
forms the internal environment of the organism, provides homeostasis,
takes part in various metabolic processes, protective reactions, performs
plastic functions during wound healing and adaptation to a changing
environment ((For the Head of the Embryo, via an Intermediate Stage
Called, n.d.)
sophisticated connective tissue. Together they form organs with
complex architectures that are optimized for perform its main function
(Knudsen & Ochs, 2018). Connective tissue is understood to have
structural and functional “glue” properties to different tissues. It includes
cell and molecular additives arranged in various dynamic organizations.
(Egea et al., 2020).
Connective tissue is also called supporting tissue or supporting
tissue consisting of fibers, cells, and extracellular fluid. The extracellular
fluid and fibers are called the matrix. Connective tissue is found in the
corneal tissue of the eye, heart, kidneys, lungs, and cartilage. The function
of the supporting tissue is to bind or connect one tissue to another, to
support the function of certain organs and to provide assistance and
protection to weak parts of the body (Sari & Anitasari, 2018)
The main difference between the various types of connective tissue
is based on the arrangement and composition of the intercellular matrix.
Connective tissue consists of two main basic components, namely cells
and the intercellular matrix. Connective tissue cells can be classified into
fixed cells and free (transient) cells with specific functions for each cell
(Wangko & Karundeng, 2014).
Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body.
Connective tissue develops from mesenchyme derived from the
mesoderm. The shape of the cells that make up connective tissue has
various functions, namely supporting and strengthening other tissues,
protecting body organs, storing energy, forming body structures, and
compiling the circulatory system (Aryulina, 2004).
 CHARPTER III
PRACTICAL METHOD

A. TOOLS AND MATERIALS

1. Tools
1) Epithelial tissue preparation website.
2) Stationery.
2. Materials
1) Human blood preparation.
2) Fibroblast cell mammalian.
3) Skin mammalian.
4) Tendon.
B. METHOD
1) Open the histology preparation website that has been given, then look
for the area you want to observe, then adjust the magnification of the
preparation.
2) Observe each preparation given then draw the part in the guide.
3) Give a designation to the observed preparations then give a brief
description in the column below.
 CHARPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. OBSERVATION RESULT
No Observation Result Picture Microscope Descriptions
Image
1. 1. biconcave cell
shape.
2. concave cell
surface.
3. Doesn’t have a
cell nucleus.

2. 1. Lymphocytes
2. Monocytes
3. Neutrophil
4. Eosinophil
5. Basophil

3. 1.Fibrocytes.
2.Nucleus.
3.Collagen fibers.

4. 1. Papilla dermis
2. Fibrocytes
3. Collagen fibers
5. 1. Mesenchymal
cells
2. Fibrocytes
3. Elastic fibers
 4. Collagen fibers
6. 1. Collagen fibers
2. Fibrocytes

7. 1. Fat cells
2. Fat cells
nucleus

B. DISCUSSION
 CHARPTER V
CLOSING

A. Conculation

B. Suggestion
1) For practitioners, must be more careful in using and must understand
the instructor well before conducting the experiment.
2) For assistants, pay more attention when the practitioner is confused in
the experiment.
3) For the laboratory more attention to laboratory tools and materials
before experiment.