PASSIVE VOICE

Supporting Lecture :
A’thi Fauzani Wisudawati

By :
1. Ayu Ega Pratama (213106007)
2. Eka Purnamawati (213106011)
3. Medina Yustika S (213106018)
4. Nadia Nanda A (213106020)
5. Risna Yulinda (213106023)

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
MADIUN STATE POLYTECHNIC
SEPTEMBER 2022
 FOREWORD
Praise and gratitude, let us pray to the presence of Allah SWT who has given so many
blessings that His creatures will not realize so many blessings that have been obtained from
Allah SWT. In addition, the author also feels very grateful for having received His guidance in
both faith and Islam.
With His blessings and guidance, we were able to finish writing this paper. We express
our deepest gratitude to the lecturer in Practical Grammar Usage course, A'thi Fauzani
Wisudawati, S, Pd., M.pd. and all those who have helped in the preparation of this paper.
We realize that in this paper there are still so many shortcomings and errors, both in
terms of content and writing structure, therefore we really hope for criticism and positive
suggestions for improvement in the future.
Thus, I hope that this paper will be of benefit to the readers in general and especially to
the authors themselves. Amen!

Madiun, 30 September 2022

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................. 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ 3

CHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARY ...................................................................................................... 4

A. Background ...................................................................................................................... 4

B. Formulation of the Problem ............................................................................................. 4

C. Writing Purpose................................................................................................................ 4

CHAPTER 2 DISSCUSSION........................................................................................................ 5

A. Definition ......................................................................................................................... 5

B. Active and Passive Voice ................................................................................................. 5

C. Characteristic of Passive Voice ...................................................................................... 17

CHAPTER 3 CLOSING .............................................................................................................. 18

A. Conclusion...................................................................................................................... 18

BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................... 19
 CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY

A. Background
Passive voice is one of the sentences that are often used in English. Passive voice is also
found in Indonesian, for example eating to be eaten, drinking to be drunk. How to form passive
sentences are as follows: changing the active object into the subject in the passive form, putting
by after the main verb in the passive form before the subject, the verb used is verb 3 which is
preceded by to be, and compose sentences according to the tenses. In English there are forms,
namely: Present Passive Voice, Past Passive Voice, Future Passive Voice, and Modal Auxiliary
Passive Voice.

B. Formulation of the Problem

1. What does passive voice mean?
2. What are the forms of active and passive voice?
3. Mention the characteristics of passive voice?

C. Writing Purpose
1. To know what is meant by passive sentence.
2. To find out what forms of active and passive sentences are.
3. To know and recognize the characteristics of passive sentences.
 CHAPTER 2
DISSCUSSION

A. Definition
Passive voice is a form of sentence where the subject of the sentence receives the action,
not performs the action. Unlike active voice which focuses on the party taking the action (doer of
action), this form focuses more on the party or object that receives the result of the action (receiver
of action).
Passive sentences are used when the subject is subject to work that has the meaning of at-
or ter-.
Active sentences is when the subject of the sentence performs the action in the sentence,
Passive sentences is when the subject of the sentence has an action done to it by someone or
something else.
Active : My parents plant some flowers (Actor of action).
Passive : Some flowers are planted by my parents.
Generally, active sentences that can be transformed into passive sentences are in the form
of active sentences containing transitive verbs (verbs that require a direct object) such as make,
bring, buy, write and so on. On the other hand, passive sentences containing intransitive verbs
(verbs that do not require a direct object) such as cry, swim, go, arrive, and die cannot be converted
into passive sentences.

B. Active and Passive Voice

1. Simple Present Tense
Simple Present Tense is a tense that is used when an event is currently taking place or an
event that takes place repeatedly (habits).
Active :
S + V1(s/es) + O
• We sing a song every day.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + To be (am/is/are) + V3 + By + O
 • A song is sang by us every day.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + To be (am/is/are) + Not + V3 + By + O
• A song is not sang by us every day.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
To be (am/is/are) + S + V3 + By + O?
• Is a song sang by us every day?

Time Signal :
Always, seldom, sometimes, every, every week, every day, every afternoon, ever, often,
generally, nowdays, never, usually, rarely, and etc.

2. Present Continuous Tense

A sentence used to express an activity that is happening now or now.
Active :
S + To be (am/is/are) + Ving + O
• Lia is sewing two shirts for Tono now.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + To be (am/is/are) + Being + V3 + By + O
• Two shirts are being sewed by Lia for Tono now.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + To be (am/is/are) + Not + Being + V3 + By + O
• Two shirts are not being sewed by Lia for Tono now.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
To be + S + Being + V3 + By + O?
• Are two shirts being sewed by Lia for Tono now?

Time Signal :
Now, today, right now, at the moment, this morning, at present, this time, this afternoon,
soon, tonight, just now, nowdays, still, soon, and etc.
3. Present Perfect Tense
A sentence that expresses an activity that started in the past.
- Experiences or events or activities that have occurred in the past and have been completed
with an unspecified time.
- Activities that started in the past but are still ongoing today.
Active :
S + Have/has + V3 + O
• Agung and Joni have done Ira's homework for 20 minutes.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + have/has + Been + V3 + By + O
• Ira's homework has been done by Agung and Joni for 20 minutes.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Have/has + Not + Been + By + O
• Ira's homework has not been done by Agung and Joni for 20 minutes.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Have/has + S + Been + V3 + By + O?
• Has Ira's homework been done by Agung and Joni for 20 minutes?

Time Signal :
Just, ever, never, for, since, yet, still, this week, this year, today, already, not yet, so far,
twice a week, twice a month, twice a day, once a week, once a month, once a day, several
times, ever, never, lately, till now, up to now, and etc.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense is a form of verb or tenses to express an action that has been
completed at a point in the past, or an action that has started in the past, but the action is still
happening/continuing up to the present.
Active :
S + Have/has + Been + Ving + O
• Luna has been reading the Harry Potter novel.
 Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Have/has + Been + Being + V3 + By + O
• The Harry Potter novel has been being read by Luna.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Have/has + Not + Been + Being + V3 + By + O
• The Harry Potter novel has not been being read by Luna.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Have/has + s + been + being + v3 + by + o?
• Has the Harry Potter novel been being read by Luna?

Time Signal :
For the past three years, the whole week, since, for about, for a year, for, all the day, a long
day, and etc.

5. Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense is a sentence that is used to tell an event that happened in the past and
finished or ended in the past as well.
Active :
S + V2 + O
• The thief stole his parent’s car last night.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Was/were + V3 + By + O
• His parent’s car was stolen by the thief last night.
(-) Negative Sentence
 If you want to change the example of the passive sentence above into a negative
sentence, then you simply add 'not' after 'was'/'were'.
S + Was/were + Not + V3 + By + O
• His parent’s car was not stolen by the thief last night.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
  If you want to convert the passive sentence into a question form, then you can
simply move the 'was'/'were' at the beginning of the sentence.
Was/were + S + V3 + By + O?
• Was his parent’s car stolen by the thief last night?

Time Signal :
Yesterday, ago, in…, last…, this morning, recently, and etc.

6. Past Continuous Tense

Passive Voice Past Continuous sentences are sentences whose objects do work on the Past
Continuous tenses.
Active :
S + Was/were + V1 + O
• Satria was watching a movie.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Was/were + Being + V3 + By + O
• A Movie was being watched by Satria.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Was/were + Not + Being + V3 + By + O
• A movie was not being watched by Satria.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
To be (was/were) + Subject + being + Verb 3 + by o?
• Was a movie being watched by Satria?

Time Signal :
All day yesterday, the whole day last week, as long as, as soon as, at time, yesterday, while
and etc.
7. Past Perfect Tense
Passive Voice Past Perfect sentences are sentences whose objects do work on the Past
Perfect tenses.
 Active :
S + Had + V3 + O
• They had played a game.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Had + Been + V3 + By + O
• A game had been played by them.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Had + Not + Been + V3 + By + O
• A game had not been played by them.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Had + S + Been+ V3 + By + O?
• Had a game been played by them?

Time Signal :
By the end of, by 2021, before, before yesterday, after, as soon as, until, until that day,
till… ago, already, when, just, and etc.

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense are tenses or verb forms to express an action (with a certain
duration of time) or an event that has started and is ongoing at the end, but is no longer
happening at this time.
Active :
S + Had + Been + Ving + O
• We had been listening the music for two hours.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Had + Been + Being + V3 + By + O
• The music had been being listened by us for two hours.
 (-) Negative Sentence
S + Had + Not + Been + Being + V3 + By + O
• The music hadn't been being listened by us for two hours.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Had + S + Been + Being + V3 + By + O?
• Had the music been being listened by us for two hours?

Time Signal :
For, since, the whole day, all day, by the time, by 2021, and etc.

9. Simple Future Tense

Simple Future Tense is a tense to describe an event that has not started and will occur in the
future.
Active :
S + Will + V1 + O
• We will try this challenge.
Passive:
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Will/shall + Be + V3 + By + O
• This challenge will be tried by us.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Will/shall + Not + Be + V3 + By + O
• This challenge will not be tried by us.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Will/shall + S + Be + V3 + By + O?
• Will this challenge be tried by us?
Time Signal :
Tomorrow, next…, tonight, soon, … later, morning, afternoon, evening, in a year, this
afternoon, this evening, this morning, tonight, tomorrow morning, next Monday, next
week,next month, next year, in a few minutes, in an hour, in a few days, in two weeks,
today, and etc.
10. Future Continuous Tense
Declare an activity that will be done in the future.
Active :
S + Will + Be + Ving + O
• She will be cooking fried noodle.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Will + Be + Being + V3 + By + O
• Fried noodle will be being cooked by her.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Will + not + Be + Being + V3 + By + O
• Fried noodle will not be being cooked by her.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Will + S + Be + Being + V3 + By + O ?
• Will fried noodle be being cooked by her?

Time Signal :
Tomorrow morning, tomorrow, in one, year, if, while, when, at this time tomorrow, at the
same time next week, by this time tomorrow, at 9 o’clock tonight, all day tomorrow next
year on July, and etc.

11. Future Perfect Tense

Declare activities that have been completed in the future.
Active :
S + Will + Have + V3 + O
• I will have met headmaster.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Will + Have + Been + V3 + By + O
• Headmaster will have been met by me.
 (-) Negative Sentence
S + Will + Not + Have + Been + V3 + By + O
• Headmaster will not have been met by her.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Will + S + Have + Been + V3 + By + O?
• Will headmaster have been met by her?

Time Signal :
By next…, in a week, by Sunday, by tomorrow, in… days, until, after, before, at this time
next week/month, by next Sunday, by 9, on the 5 th of May, in two years, by 08.15a.m.
tomorrow, by the end of this month, and etc.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Actions that are happening in the future, and continue into the future.
Active :
S + Will + Have + Been + Ving + O
• She will have been loving me.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Will + Have + Been + Being + V3 + By + O
• She will have been being loved by her.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Will + Not + Have + Been + Being + V3 + By + O
• She will not have been being loved by her.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Will + S + Have + Been + Being + V3 + By + O + ?
• Will she have been being loved by her?
Time Signal :
For the last couple of hours, all day long, for the next hour, by last month, by last week, by
the end of this week, by May last year, at this time tomorrow, for two weeks, by next week
for…, by…o’clock for, and etc.
13. Simple Past Future Tense
Simple Past Tuture Tenses or changes in the form of verbs in English are used to describe
activities and events in the future, but using the perspective of the past.
Active :
S + Would + V1 + O
• They would learn English.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Would + Be + V3 + By + O
• English would be learned by them.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Would + Not + Be + V3 + By + O
• English would not be learned by them.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Would + S + Be + V3 + By + O
• Would English be learned by them?

Time Signal :
The next day, the day before, the week before, the month before, last year, last month,
yesterday, last week, and etc.

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

Past Future Continuous Tense is the past form of the present future continuous tense. In other
words, Past Future Continuous tense is used when you want to express an action that will be
done or an event that will be happening in the past.

Active :
S + Would + Be + Ving + O
• They would be learning English when you came.
 Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Would + Be + Being + V3 + By + O
• English would be being learned by them when you came.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Would + Not + Be + Being + V3 + By + O
• English would not be being learned by them when you came.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Would + S + be + V3 + By + O
• Would English be being learned by them when I came?

Time Signal :
Tomorrow, on Sunday, on … last year, that evening, the following day before, before, the
day before, next month, next year, next week, the evening, on June last year, the day before
at 10.00 a.m. tomorrow, and etc.

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

Past Future Perfect Tense is used specifically to express a conditional sentence in the past,
where something should have happened if a condition had been met.
Active :
S + Would + Have + V3 + O
• I would have married her.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Would + Have + Been + V3 + By + O
• She would have been married by me.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Would + Not + Have + Been + V3 + By + O
• She would not have been married by me.
 (?) Interrogative Sentence
Would + S + Have + Been + V3 + By + O
• Would She have been married by you?

Time Signal :
On last week, in July last year, at… o’clock yesterday, in last year, at… yesterday, and etc.

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is the past form of the present future perfect continuous
tense. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express something that will have
happened and will continue for some time in the past. In the Past Future Perfect Continuous
Tense it is necessary to have a Time Reference such as "Since" and "for", for example "since
2011", "for 15 minutes", and so on.
Active :
S + Would + Have + Been + Ving + O
• I would have been listening to the music for 15 minutes.
Passive :
(+) Positive Sentence
S + Would + Have + Been + Being + V3 + By + O
• The music would have been being listened by me for 15 minutes.
(-) Negative Sentence
S + Would + Not + Have + Been + Being + V3 + By + O
• The music would not have been being listened by me for 15 minutes.
(?) Interrogative Sentence
Would + S + Have + Been + Being + V3 + By + O?
• Would the music have been being listened by you for 15 minutes?

Time Signal :
By the end of this year, by the next year, by the end of this…, by the next…, and etc.
 NOTE :
1. The sentence in the active subject becomes the object sentence in the passive.
2. The sentence in the active object becomes the subject sentence in the passive.
3. 3. Using V3.

C. Characteristic of Passive Voice

Passive voice sentences have several special characteristics that make them different from
other types of sentences in English. Here are some special features of passive voice sentences.
1. There is to be + verb 3. The average or most tense uses this formula to make a
passive voice, but this is not the main requirement for making passive voice because
there are several tenses that use verb 2 to make passive voice.
2. Passive voice sentences are sentences that have a predicate or verb. Verbal sentences
or sentences that can be changed to passive voice are verbal sentences that have
objects.
3. The passive verb always contains a form of the auxiliary verb be. (Passive verbs
always contain an auxiliary verb form).
 CHAPTER 3
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
Thus a brief explanation of the passive voice in English. Passive sentence is when the subject
of the sentence has an action done by someone or something else. The object of the active verb is
the subject of the passive verb. Therefore, verbs that cannot be followed by an object (intransitive
verbs) cannot be used in the passive form. And passive sentences are considered more formal than
active sentences. Therefore, the passive voice is generally used in writing such as scientific writing,
technical reports, and newspaper articles and is rarely used in everyday conversation.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Azar, Betty schrampfer. Understanding and Using English Grammar. America: Prentice Hall
Regents, 1989.
Kholid, Idam dkk. Lets Study English point for learning emglish more. Bandar Lmpung: IAIN
Raden Intan Lampung: 2016.
Sumber Internet:
https://www.pintarsekolah.com/2017/07/pengertian-passive-voice.html diakses pada 14 april
2018