Optika

TARTALOM
BEVEZETÉS / 3
1.1. A fény egyenes vonalú terjedésének törvénye / 3
1.2. A fénynyalábok függetlenségének törvénye 4
1.3. Két átlátszó, homogén és izotróp közeg határfelületén lejátszodó
fényjelenségek. Fényvisszaverődés és fénytörés / 4
1.3.1. A fényvisszaverődés törvényei / 5
1.3.2. A fénytörés törvényei / 5
1.3.3. Teljes visszaverődés. Határszög / 6
1.3.4. Fénytörés síkpárhuzamos lemezen / 7
Megoldott feladat / 7
Kérdések és feladatok / 8
1.3.5. Optikai prizma / 8
A levegőben levő prizma egyenletei / 9
Teljesen visszaverő prizma / 10
A teljes visszaverődésen alapuló jelenségek / 10
A prizma képalkotása / 10
A prizma által létrehozott fényszóródás / 11
Megoldott feladatok / 11
1.4. Az optikai rendszerekről általában / 13
1.4.1. Optikai leképzés gömb- és síkfelületen való törés útján / 14
1.4.2. Gömb (szférikus) törőfelületekre vonatkozó alapösszefüggések / 14
A gömb alakú törőfelület fókuszai (gyújtópontok) / 16
Gömb alakú törőfelületre vonatkozó második alapösszefüggés
(lineáris nagyítás) / 17
1.4.3. Sík törőfelület / 18
Megoldott feladat / 18
1.4.4. Tükrök / 18
1.4.4.1. Gömbtükrök / 18
Képszerkesztés gömbtükörrel / 20
1.4.4.2. A síktükör képalkotása / 21
1.4.5. Centrált optikai rendszerek / 23
1.4.5.1. Vékony lencsék / 23
A lencsék adatai / 24
A lencsék fókusztávolsága / 25
A vékony lencse nagyítása / 27
Vékony lencsén keresztülhaladó sugármenetek ábrázolása.
Különböző esetek / 27
Látszólagos tárgyakról szerkesztett képek / 29
1.4.5.2. Illesztett lencsék rendszere / 31
1.4.5.3. A lencsék gömbi hibája / 32
1.4.5.4. Színi hiba / 33
1.4.6. A szem mint optikai rendszer / 36
1.4.6.1. Normális szem. Szemhibák és a hibák javítása / 38
Kérdések és feladatok / 42
1.4.7. Optikai eszközök / 43
1.4.7.1. A fényképezőgép / 44
1.4.7.2. A mikroszkóp / 45
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