Endocrine system

- Interconnected with nervous system;

secondary system
- Glands secrete hormone
- Hormones
- Chemical messengers
- Travel through bloodstream
- Act on brain and other tissue
- Aggression, food, intimacy
- Similar to neurotransmitters in that…
- Chemically identical
- Messengers
- Different from neurotransmitters in
that…
- Slower
- Takes several seconds
to travel from gland to
tissue
- Effect lasts longer
- Anger can last long
after stimul
- Travel through bloodstream, not neurons
- Regulate…
- Metablouism, mood, growth, orhan function
- Adrenal glands
- Danger → ANS → adrenal gland --. Fight or flight
- Adrenaline (epinephrine)
- Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
- Surge of energy
- Bust of speed
- Pituitary gland (master gland)
- Hypothalamus (CNS) → pituitary gland → hormones → other glands →
hormones
- In core of brain
- Has a posterior and anterior part
- Anterior pituitary gland
- Growth hormone
- Too little → dwarfism
- Too much → gigantism
- Posterior pituitary gland
- Vasopressin
- Constricts blood vessels
- Raises blood pressure
- Oxytocin
 - Pregnancy and childbirth (contraction, bithing, and ,ilkflow)
- Pair bonding
- Group cohesion
- Social trust
- Experiment: squirt of oxytocin → trust strangers
more with information and money
- Pineal gland
- Melatonin
- Receives and conveys information on light and dark cycle
- Bit of a mystery
- Thyroid
- Thyroxine
- Triiodothyronine
- Increases
- Growth
- Metabolic rate
- Maturation
- Speed at which cells burn energy
- Parathyroid
- Parathyroid hormone
- Increases blood calcium
- Wrong level? → nerves don’t work right
- Decreases potassium
- Pancreas
- Insulin
- Regulates level of blood sugar
- Type 1 diabetes
- Pancreas not producing enough insulin
- Testes
- Small quantity of estrogen
- Androgens (including testosterone)
- Group of hormones influencing growth and development of male
reproductive system
- Functions
- Growth of facial, pubic, and body hair
- Deepening of the voice
- Building muscle and strong bones
- Getting taller
- Produce sperm
- Ovaries
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Testosterone (some of it)
- Reproductive development
 - Ovulation and menstruation
- Female’s sex cahracteristics

Textbook Notes:
- Endocrine System
- The body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete
hormones into the bloodstream
- Hormones
- Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel
through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
- Adrenal glands
- A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones
(epinephrine and norepinephrine) that heko arouse the body in time of stress
- Pituitary gland
- The endocrine system’s most influential gland
- Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and
controls other endocrine glands