I.

Ternyata = Proven

In Fact

Apparently

Rumah itu sudah kosong

adj

1.
Simple present perfect tense

S + have/has + been + object

2.

Adj,adv,noun

Menjadi = that house has been vacant

Kosong
But : -the drink is empty > Benar
-the drink is vacant > Salah

II. Vacancy – Lowongan

- Kosong/ nol :
Zero, null, vacant, huruf “O” naught, love
- Insinyur pertanian = agricultural engineer
- Ruang tamu : The living room
The guest room
The visitor room
- Juga : too, also, as well

Menengah, kasar, sopan

- Peristiwa: event
Genitive case (kasus kepunyaan)

Ex:
1. Friend’s name

Mutlak Benda hidup & tunggal

2. Friend’s names

Benda hidup & jamak

3. Fish ‘ feed

Benda hidup & dibaca berjenis ‘S’

4.Valentine’s day, new year ’s eve

Tidak mutlak Hari kasih sayang malam tahun baru
tergantung [ Berita-berita yang dianggap penting ]
individual 5. Today’s news berita-berita yang dianggap penting
But : table leg kaki meja
benda mati

Pelajaran = lesson ;
class ; subject
 “Makin/semakin” =

1. more and more + adj . Ex : more and more beautiful (makin cantik)
2. the comperative and the comperative

Comparison degree
Tingkat perbandingan

Dari : adjective / kata sifat

Ex : positive , Comparative , Superlative

Biasa Lebih Paling

-Hot -Hotter -hotlest

-Beautiful -more beautiful -most beautiful
Good better best

Ex : the more beautiful and the more beautiful

3 - ever more + adj. ex : ever more beautiful

Kuartir
1. Fear + for + somebody

Verb
Ex: fear for his son

2. Fear + about + something

Ex: fear about his problem
 3. Worry + about + object
Ex : Don’t worry about it
Etc.

Hilang

1. Lose, Lost, Lost

V₁ V₂ V ₃

2. Disappear
Verb
3. Gone
Adjective
Ex: - your wallet lost

-your purse is gone

(American)

Kata benda- Kata benda selalu tunggal

 Fish - ikan / ikan-ikan

 Deer - rusa/rusa-rusa
 Goat - kambing/ kambing-kambing
 Sheep - lembu/ lembu-lembu
 Dozen - lusin

Note : rarely (fishes)

Jarang
Ex : 1 Fish
2 Fish

Lama-lama
- Long by long
By and by
- akhir cerita filmnya
In the end of its film story

Orang-orang miskin
Poor people
The poor
Rumus : The + adjective
Orang-orang

Ex: the poor, the rich, the beautiful etc.

- Pemadam kebakaran
- Fire service
- Fire extinguisher orangnya
- Fire man

- Lebih menggemari – forder

- Permainan sepak bola = foot ball game
British
Pertandingan
- soccer game
American

- Bola valley = volley ball

- Baju resmi = formal clothes
Formal dress
RUMUS KALIMAT BERTANYA :
Tobe (am, is, are) + subject + adjective + to + V₁ ?
Was , were adverb
Noun

Ex : are you often to come ?

Frequent
Etc.
Do/ does/ did + subject + adverb + V₁?
Ex: do you aften come ?
Etc.

Menyediakan Furnish
Devote
Prepare
serve

- Mengadakan – hold – held held

Arrange
Perform
- Hadiah = Present
Prize
Gift
Parcel

Rumus mengatakan :

1. Tell + Object
2. Say + to + Object

IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUN

 ( Kata jamak tidak beraturan )

Tunggal Jamak Arti

Goose Geese Angsa-

angsa

Tooth Teeth Gigi-gigi

Mouse Mice Tikus-tikus

Louse Lice Kutu-kutu

Child Children Anak-anak

Foot Feet Kaki-kaki

Terjadi= happen /occur

Verb
-padi – rice (uncountable noun )
Nasi kata benda tidak bisa dihitung
-para petani = farmers
-farm = sawah

Berbuat/ melakukan
Do, did, done
V₁ V₂ V₃

Commit = berbuat (jenis yang untuk merugikan orang seperti, mencuri dll)
Ex : he committed crimes (tambah “S” karena plural noun)

Kejadian = Incident
Event
Accident

- Berat sekali = so heavy / very heavy

- Heavy digunakan untuk berat benda (beban benda)
 Berat
- Hard/ severe digunakan untuk beratnya suatu tindakan
Berat / keras
Ex: - you study hard
- he is punished very severe
Dia dihukum sangat berat
- Dengan jujur – honestly (adverb)
Dari adj honest = jujur dijadikan adverb
diberikan akhiran “LY”_menjadi = honestly (dengan jujur) with honest (XS)
- Gagang telepon = Phone handle
Receiver
- Dengan erat strongly
Firmly
- Dekat = near, close

Adj
- Terdekat ( paling dekat ) nearest, closest, immediate
The nearest hospital around here.

INTERNATIONAL - JUSTIFY

Bukankah permata itu sangat berharga ?

1. isn’t the jewel very precious ?
Very worth ?
Very valuable ?
Note : very / so + adj
1. Ex : very close (sangat dekat )
Adj etc

2. Very / so + adverb
ex : very closely
adj
= dengan sangat dekat
Etc.
2. doesn’t the jewel cost very much ?
 Verb – berharga
- Meja bundar = circular table
Round table
- Alasan = reason
Excuse

- Menjaga – keep
- Gudang – warehouse / storehouse / storeroom / stockroom
- Di malam hari = at night
In the evening
- Seseorang = someone
- Beberapa kali = a few times
- Mencium (bau) = smell –smelt- smelt
- Aroma = aroma /adour
- Pabrik = factory/fabric

Lagu ketiganya = his/ her third song

Penyanyi = singer

Songster = penyanyi laki-laki

Songstress = penyanyi perempuan

Ilmu pertanian = agricultural science

Buku pelajaran = lesson book

Bahasa inggris = the english language

Penting = important

Sebelumnya = before / previously

Alone (sendiri) berada di satu tempat dan tidak ada yang menemani

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
kata ganti reflexive / mandiri

My selft = diri saya sendiri

Yourselft = diri kamu/kalian sendiri
Himselft= diri dia laki-laki sendiri
Herselft = diri dia perempuan –sendiri
Themselves = diri mereka sendiri
Ourselves= diri kami/ kita sendiri
Itselft = diri ini/ itu sendiri

Ex: I saw that accident by myselft

Or
I myselft saw that accident
V2
Gerund
Kata kerja yang dibendakan

Ex:
Like + V₁ + ing (habit )
Kebiasaan
Ex :
Like + to + V₁akan
Ex : - I like studyng (kebiasaan suka belajar)
- I like to study (suka/akan belajar)

Start + V₁ + ing for inhuman

Ex : indonesia economic start increasing
Meningkat
But
- Start + to + V₁ (for human)
Ex: she starts to go
Etc.
3. Delay / postpone
Menunda
+ V₁ + ing
4. Finish + V₁ + ing . ex : I finish eating
5. Mind + V₁ + ing
Berkeberatan
6. Keep + V₁ + ing
Tetap
7. Tobe (is, am, are) + accustomed + to + V₁ + ing
Was .were
8. Accustom + to + V₁ + ing

- Enjoy + V₁ +ing
- Stop + V₁ + ing
- Mendaftar = register /enroll/book/list
Arti lain buku arti lain : daftar
- pendaftaran = registration/enrollment
- pemandangan = view / scenery/ panorama / spactucle
- indah = beautiful, lovely
- dompet wallwt (B)
purse (A)
- kehilangan = lose-lost-lost

APOSTROPHE S (, S )
Genitive case kasus kepunyaan
1. ex : - friend’s name = nama teman
benda tunggal dan hidup
- goat’s tail ekor kambing
Benda hidup dan tunggal
2. friends’ names nama ? teman²
benda hidup dan jamak
3. fish’meal
benda hidup dan dibaca berdesis “S”
4. valentine’s day , new year’s eve
hari kasih saying malam tahun baru

harri-hari yang dianggap hari besar

5. today’s news berita hari ini
berita yang dianggap penting

Hukum DM Bhs. Indonesia

Diterangkan menerangkan

Rumus : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dst

Semua noun (kata benda)

Ex: kaca², gedung sekolah itu

N N N
Hukum MD B. inggris
Menerangkan diterangkan

RUMUS :
dan seterusnya <- 5,4,3,2,1
Atau
The …of…of…of

Ex : the glasses of school building

1 or 3 2
 - the shool building glasses
- kaca² gedung sekolah itu
N N N

AYAH ANGKAT = Foster Father

Adopted Father

Kantor walikota = Mayor’s Office

(ditambahkan “s” karena benda hidup)

Di seberang jalan itu = Across the road (A)
Across the street (B)
Makanan ikan = Fish ‘ Feed
Batu-batu es = Ice Cubes
Dengan sendirinya = By themselves (jamak)

Cara apakah ? = what way?

what manmer?
what method?
Para petani = Farmers
Berapa menit? = How many minutes
Menyelam ke dalam air = Dive into the water
Adonan = Mix : arti lain = mencampurkan
Dough / admixture = adonan
Para pendemo = Demonstrators
Menggerakkan = Motion
Peralatan kantor pusat = Central Office Devices
Equipment
Merusak = Damage ; Harm
Pass = tamat / lulus ; melewati ; menyampaikan ; mengambil

Untuk tingakatan SMA ke bawah

Finish = menyelesaikan ; tamat/ lulus

Untuk tingkatan perguruan tinggi

Kebutuhan yang penting = Important need
Important necessity
Mewujudkan = Form, Shape ; Realize ; Create
Arti lain = menyadari
Arti lain = wujud (N)
Perdamaian dunia = the world peace
Merawat = treat
Arti lain = memperlakukan ; mentraktir

Memberitahukan = inform ; tell

Menerbitkan = publish ; diterbitkan = published
Namun belum mengerti = nevertheless having not understood

dengan rumus : Nevertheless + V₁ + ing

Simple present perpect tense tanpa subject

dengan rumus :

having + been + object

Having + V₃

ex : having gone = sudah / pernah pergi

having not gone = belum pergi
but : I have gone
Subject
Penjelasan = explanation
Tugas = task ; duty ;

Tawaran terbaik = the best affer

Posisi penting = important position
Lembaga = institution
Good = baik menerangkan subject
Ex : You ave good , she is good
S S
Well = baik ; dengan baik ; sehat ; sumur

Menerangkan predicate (predikat)

Ex : You Study well

Predicate
Operate the computer well

Predicate

Mengantar = Deliver
Hiasan = Decoration / Ornament
Menghias = Decorate
Masalah kemiskinan = Proverty Problem
5 Pintu Gerbang = 5 Gateways

Even = Bahkan ; Genap

Uneven = Ganjil
Uneven number = Bilangan Ganjil
Menyelenggarakan = Perform
Dengan sempurna = Perfectly ( adv )
Tempat khusus = Special Place / Particular Place
Membicarakan = Talk + about + object / something

Discuss + object / something

Talk + object + over

Something

PLEASANT - POUND

Nilai yang tinggi dalam pertandingan itu = high value in the game/match

POUR PRIZE

Menghalangi / mencegah : prevent + from + v1+ing/object

Ex : prevent from giving to orphans : menghalangi member kepada anak yatim piatu

Kebanggaan ( kata benda ) = pride +of+object

Bangga ( kata sifat ) = proud+of+object
Rencana terbaik = the best plan
Prinsip apakah = what principle

PRABABLY - PURE

Layanan terbaik : the best service

Menduduki : occupy
Jabatan : occupation
Kata kata ini : these words/the words
Dengan baik ; well
Agar mudah diingat : in order to be easy to remember
Mengusulkan = propose
Hal hal penting : important things
Pimpinan : leader
Menghasilkan produk dengan mutu tinggi : produce the high quality product

PURPLE - RAIN

Melakukan : do
Hal penting : important thing
Meraih : reach
Keinginan : wish/desire
Membingungkan : confuse/puzzle
Dijawab : answered

RAISE - REGARD

Bahwa : that
Perbuatan : deed
Mengecewakan : disappoint
Negara : country
Mengakui : admit/confess
Kemajuan Negara Negara asia : the progress of Asian countries/the advance of Asian countries
Mencerminkan : reflect on
Menyadari : realize
Kepribadian : personality
Menganjurkan : recommend / suggest
Hadiah : gift/prize/present/parcel

REGION - REST

Mendaftarkan : register/list/enroll/book
Lembaga : institution
Sepeda motor : motorcycle
Besok jam 8 pagi : tomorrow at 8am
Syarat-syarat : condition/term/requirement
Diperlukan : needed
Menanda tangani : sign
Perjanjian : agreement/treaty/deal

Arti : Untuk dapat

1. to be able to + v1
2. to be able to + be + adj./adv/noun

RESTAURANT - ROPE

Alasan alasan penting : Important reasons/important excuses

Bila di-/jika di- : if being + v3

Ex : if being asked

Mengembalikan : return/bring something back

Ex : please return my book or please bring my book back

Return : mengembalikan/pulang-pergi
Go and fro : pulang-pergi
Setiap akhir pekan : every weekend
Mengikatkan : fasten/tie

ROSE - SALT

Peraturan : rule/regulation
Permadani jenis apakah : what kind of rug

Arti “yang lain” :

 1. another + singular noun ( kata benda tunggal )
Ex : another book
2. other + plural noun ( kata benda jamak )
Ex : other books
3. the other + singular noun ( kata benda tunggal )
Ex : the other book
4. the other + Plural Noun ( kata benda jamak )dan bendanya sudah diketahui jumlahnya
Ex : the other books ( jumlah buku sudah diketahui )

Kasar terhadap : rude ( adjective ) + to/toward + object

Kekasaran terhadap : rudeness ( noun) + of + somebody
Ex : rudeness of a person
Penjualan : sale
Dalam jumlah yang tinggi : in high amount/quantity
Untuk dijual : for sale
Untuk disewakan : for rent

SAME - SEEK

Memenuhi : satisfy/fulfill
Mencari : seek + object/look for +object/search for+object
Menjaga : keep

SEEM - SHEET

Berapa lembar kertas : how many sheets of paper

Dengan harga yang sangat murah : by very cheap price
 SHELL - SIN

Mirip/serupa/seperti :
1. similar ( adjective ) + to + object

SING - SOCK

Family,government,team,society/community/ ( singular noun/plural noun } = British

Family,government,team,society/community/ ( singular noun) = American

Ex : family have/has ( British ), family has ( American ), families have ( American )

Anak yang cerdas dan tidak suka merokok :

1. a smart and doesn’t like smoking child
( anaknya satu yaitu anaknya cerdas dan tidak suka merokok )
2. smart and doesn’t like smoking children
( anaknya 2 yaitu yang pertama cerdas dan yang kedua tidak suka merokok )

Memiliki : have,own,possess

Gaya hidup modern : modern life style

Sehari hari : daily/everyday

Setiap hari/tiap hari : every day

Pada setiap akhir pekan :

at the weekend / at weekends ( British )
on the weekend / on weekends ( American )

sumber yang benar : right / true source

 SPORT - STIR

Jenis olah raga apakah : what kind of sport

Medali emas : gold medal
Mutu produknya : its product quality / the quality of its product
Melekatkan : stick/mount
Menyimpan : keep/save
Obat : medicine/cure/remedy/drug/potion/medication/medicament
Mengobati : cure/medicine/treat/dose/medicate

STOCK - STYLE

Kotak P3K : first aid box

Semua hal : all things
Orang asing : foreigner ( dari luar negeri ), stranger ( bisa dari luar / dalam negeri yaitu asing akan sesuatu
hal seperti jalan, rumah dll )
Wilayah : territory/region/area/district/county
Mencapai : get/reach
Kekuatan : power/strength
Memindahkan : replace

SWORD - TENT

Tinggi : tall ( human ), high ( inhuman )

TERM - TIRE

Berpikir :
think + about + object ( pemikiran lebih dalam ), think + of + object ( pemikiran lebih rendah )

Sangat :
1. very/so + adjective Examples : very/so close (adjective), very closely ( adverb )
2. Subject + verb + very much / a lot atau Subject + verb + object + very much/ a lot
Ex : Jhone loves her very much ( benar ) = love adalah verb/kata kerja
 Jhone very loves her ( salah )

COMPARISON DEGREE
TINGKATAN PERBANDINGAN

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Biasa lebih paling/ter

Good better best

High higher highest
Beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
Dll.

Rumus :

1. More + adjective + noun Ex : more beautiful woman

2. Most + adjective + noun most beautiful woman
3. Subject + verb + object + most/best he likes the book most
4. Subject + like + best/most + of + v1 + ing he likes best of swimming
5. Subject + verb + object + more better he accomplishes the job more

Menghadapi :

-Face
-overlook
-front
-to be ( am,is,are,was,were ) + up + against + object
-be + up + against + object

TRIBE - USE

Coba balikkan telapak tanganmu : try to turn your palm up/down

Jika berkeringat : if sweating

Rumus If / whether:
If/whether + v1 + ing
If/whether + being + v3

Mengerti :
Understand + object

Agar :

-in order to + v1
-in order to + be + adjective/adverb/noun
-so that + v1 + ing

Gugup :

-nervous/insecure

USUAL - WAGE

Tidak ada penjelasan karena sudah dijelaskan sebelumnya

WAGON – WEST

Tempat bersembunyi : hidden place

Sepatu hak tinggi : high heeled shoes
Perang dingin : cold war

WET - WOOL

Cup : piala/cangkir
Wanita yang sangat bijaksana : very wise woman
Orang yang jahat : evil/wicked/bad person
 WORD - ZYGOTE

Mencemaskan :
1. Worry + somebody
2. Worry + about + something